HWK 02/02/2025
Geography: Final Mock Revision
2.1 Using the evidence shown in Figure 3 and your own understanding, describe the housing challenges faced by many
cities in LIC’s and NEE’s. [3 marks]
Poverty and dereliction in slums will often create problems such as power cuts and water loss. This may prevent inhabitants
from attaining human necessities such as food and hydration. This will result in malnutrition and promote illness whilst a
lack of showering with clean water will contribute towards growth of disease.
2.2 Using a case study of an LIC/NEE, explain how urban growth has created challenges. [6 marks].
Health care and hospital access is significantly better in wealthier south and west zones in Rio. This is because urban growth
has targeted these places. Therefore, decreasing infant mortality rates and increasing death rates since this necessity of
healthcare is not provided.
Furthermore, newly built infrastructure, including what the Favela Bairro project provided, is not always maintained by the
government. This may result in constant disruption and issues such as water loss and power cuts. This may prevent
inhabitants from attaining human necessities such as food and hydration. This will result in malnutrition and promote
illness whilst a lack of showering with clean water will contribute towards growth of disease.
Finally, urban growth creates rural to urban migration which will increase population, and it will force the government to
fund education for migrants. Because of this, only about half of the children within Rio continue their education beyond the
age of 14. This means that Rio will have an inexperienced workforce which will delay economic development since
businesses will not be able to find experienced employees.
2.5 Explain reasons for the difference in rate of urbanisation in HICs, NEEs and LICs. [6 marks]
LIC’s have higher rates of urbanisation. This is because migrants will seek to live in a city for job opportunity since places
other than the city will likely have a poor quality of life. This means that rural-urban migration will occur at quicker rates
which will warrant the government to fund urbanisation since that is what the population is moving towards.
NEE have higher rates of urbanisation. This is because migrants will seek to live in a city for job opportunity since places
other than the city will likely have a poor quality of life. This means that rural-urban migration will occur at quicker rates
which will warrant the government to fund urbanisation since that is what the population is moving towards.
HIC’S will have lower rates of urbanisation. This is because the large majority will be living in cities since economic growth
has already occurred. This means that rural-urban migration will occur at slow rates and since the country is an HIC the
economy has already emerged.
2.6 Which of the following if not likely to be faced by a worker in the informal sector? Shade one circle only. [1 mark]
A Working long hours.
B Paying into a pension fund
C Having little job security.
D Irregular earnings.
2.7 What evidence in Figure 5 suggests that Kershar’s family is poor? [3 marks]
Keshar lives in a two-room house amongst open sewers.
2.9 Using a case study of an LIC/NEE, evaluate the management issues faced by the city authorities. [9 marks] [+3 SPaG
marks]
Health care and hospital access is significantly better in wealthier south and west zones in Rio. This is because urban growth
has targeted these places. Therefore, decreasing infant mortality rates and increasing death rates since this necessity of
healthcare is not provided.
Furthermore, newly built infrastructure, including what the Favela Bairro project provided, is not always maintained by the
government. This may result in constant disruption and issues such as water loss and power cuts. This may prevent
inhabitants from attaining human necessities such as food and hydration. This will result in malnutrition and promote
illness whilst a lack of showering with clean water will contribute towards growth of disease.
Indeed, urban growth creates rural to urban migration which will increase population, and it will force the government to
fund education for migrants. Because of this, only about half of the children within Rio continue their education beyond the
age of 14. This means that Rio will have an inexperienced workforce which will delay economic development since
businesses will not be able to find experienced employees.
Finally, unemployment poses a serious issue in cities. About 3.5 million workers are employed in the informal economy with
youth unemployment rates particularly high. This means that there is a lack of tax contribution, which therefore lowers
government funding and prevents the government from spending on economic growth and quality of life.
In conclusion, the issues are great, yet with the Favela Bairro project and increasingly modern favelas, Rio will develop and
if government funding is directed towards economic development Rio is likely to become a high income and developed city.
