salt tables

section 18
salt tables salt tables

section 18
salt tables

Section 18
contents
Table 1 - Concentration Conversions for Brines ........................................................1
Table 2 - Sodium Chloride ................................................................................................2
Table 3 - Calcium Chloride ...............................................................................................3
Table 4 - Calcium Chloride continued ..........................................................................4
Table 5 - Sodium-Calcium Chloride Blends ................................................................6
Table 6 - Magnesium Chloride ........................................................................................7
Table 7 - Potassium Chloride............................................................................................8
Table 8 - Potassium Carbonate .......................................................................................9
Table 9 - Ammonium Chloride .....................................................................................10
Table 10 – Potassium Bromide .....................................................................................11
Table 11 – Formulating Calcium-Chloride/Calcium-Bromide Using 11.6
lb/gal CaCl2 Brine, 14.2 lb/gal CaBr2 Brine, and Sack CaCl2 .....................12
Table 12 – Formulating Calcium Bromide Base Solutions Using Solid 94%
CaCl2 and Liquid 14.2 lb/gal CaBr2 ...................................................................13
Table 13 – Formulating Calcium Bromide Base Solutions Using 95% Powder
CaBr2 ............................................................................................................................14
Table 14 – Formulating Sodium Bromide Base Solutions Using 10.0 lb/gal
NaCl Brine and 12.4 lb/gal NaBr Brine ..............................................................15
Table 15 – Formulating Sodium Bromide Base Solutions Using Powder NaCl,
Powder NaBr and Fresh Water .............................................................................16
Table 16 – Formulating Sodium Bromide (95% purity) Brine ...........................17
Table 17 – Formulating Sodium Formate Brine .....................................................18
Table 18 – Formulating Potassium Formate Brine ................................................20
Table 19 – Formulating Potassium Suphate Brine ................................................22
01 salt tables
Section 18

salt tables
The following table details the maximum brine densities achievable with the
main type of brines used in the oil industry

Brine Maximum Density Maximum Density

(lb/gal) (SG)
NaCl 10.0 1.20
CaCl2 11.6 1.39
CaCl2 /CaBr2 15.6 1.87
KCl 9.6 1.16
NaBr 12.6 1.51
CaBr2 15.1 1.81
ZnBr2 19.2 2.30
NaCOOH 11.2 1.34
KCOOH 13.0 1.56
CsCOOH 19.5 2.34
Table 1 - Concentration Conversions for Brines

To Salt Chloride Salt Chloride Salt Chloride

From (% wt) (% wt) (ppm) (ppm) (mg/l) (mg/l)

Salt
1.0 x 1/factor x 104 x 1/factor x x 104 x x 1/factor x
(% wt)
104 SG 104 x SG
Cl- x factor x x factor x
x factor 1.0 x 104 104 x SG
(% wt) 104 104 x SG

Salt x 1/factor x x 1/factor x

x 10-4 1.0 x 1/factor x SG
(ppm) 10-4 SG
x factor x x factor x
Cl-(ppm) x 10-4 x factor 1.0 x SG
10-4 SG

Salt x 10-4 x x 1/factor x

x 1 / SG
x 1/factor x
1.0 x 1/factor
(mg/l) 1/SG 10-4 x 1/SG 1/SG

Cl- x factor x
x 10-4 x factor x x 1 / SG x factor 1.0
(mg/l) 10-4 x 1/SG 1/SG

Salt Factor 1/Factor

CaCl2 1.5642 0.6393

NaCl 1.6488 0.6065
KCl 2.103 0.4755
salt tables 02

Section 18
Table 2 - Sodium Chloride
Weight Density Density Cl– Na+ NaCl Water Cryst. Pt. Water
(%) (kg/l) (lb/gal) (mg/l) (mg/l) (lb/bbl) (bbl) (¡F) Activity
1 1.005 8.38 6,127 3,973 3.5 0.995 30.9 0.994
2 1.013 8.44 12,254 7,946 7.1 0.992 29.9 0.989
3 1.020 8.50 18,563 12,037 10.7 0.989 28.8 0.983
4 1.027 8.56 24,932 16,168 14.4 0.986 27.7 0.977
5 1.034 8.62 31,363 20,337 18.1 0.982 26.5 0.970
6 1.041 8.68 37,914 24,586 21.9 0.979 25.3 0.964
7 1.049 8.75 44,526 28,874 25.7 0.975 24.1 0.957
8 1.056 8.81 51,260 33,240 29.6 0.971 22.9 0.950
9 1.063 8.87 58,054 37,646 33.5 0.968 21.5 0.943
10 1.071 8.93 64,970 42,130 37.5 0.964 20.2 0.935
11 1.078 8.99 71,946 46,654 41.5 0.960 18.8 0.927
12 1.086 9.05 79,044 51,256 45.6 0.955 17.3 0.919
13 1.093 9.12 86,202 55,898 49.7 0.951 15.7 0.911
14 1.101 9.18 93,481 60,619 53.9 0.947 14.1 0.902
15 1.109 9.24 100,882 65,418 58.2 0.942 12.4 0.892
16 1.116 9.31 108,344 70,256 62.5 0.938 10.6 0.883
17 1.124 9.37 115,927 75,173 66.9 0.933 8.7 0.872
18 1.132 9.44 123,570 80,130 71.3 0.928 6.7 0.862
19 1.140 9.51 131,396 85,204 75.8 0.923 4.6 0.851
20 1.148 9.57 139,282 90,318 80.4 0.918 2.4 0.839
21 1.156 9.64 147,229 95,471 84.9 0.913 0.0 0.827
22 1.164 9.71 155,357 100,743 89.6 0.908 -2.5 0.815
23 1.172 9.78 163,547 106,053 94.4 0.903 -5.2 0.802
24 1.180 9.84 171,858 111,442 99.2 0.897 1.4 0.788
25 1.189 9.91 180,290 116,910 104.0 0.892 14.7 0.774
26 1.197 9.98 188,843 122,457 109.0 0.886 27.9 0.759

% volume salt = 100 x (1.0 - bbl water).

Properties based on 20°C and 100% purity
03 salt tables
Section 18

Table 3 - Calcium Chloride

Density Density 100% 95% Water with Water with
% by Wt CaCl2 CaCl2
SG lb/gal lb/bbl lb/bbl 100% CaCl2 95% CaCl2
1 1.009 8.42 3.53 3.72 41.93 41.91
2 1.017 8.49 7.13 7.50 41.85 41.81
3 1.026 8.56 10.78 11.35 41.78 41.71
4 1.034 8.63 14.50 15.26 41.69 41.60
5 1.043 8.70 18.27 19.23 41.60 41.48
6 1.051 8.77 22.11 23.27 41.49 41.35
7 1.060 8.84 25.99 27.36 41.38 41.22
8 1.068 8.91 29.94 31.52 41.27 41.08
9 1.077 8.98 33.95 35.74 41.14 40.93
10 1.085 9.05 38.03 40.03 41.01 40.77
11 1.094 9.13 42.18 44.40 40.90 40.63
12 1.103 9.20 46.39 48.83 40.76 40.47
13 1.113 9.28 50.69 53.36 40.65 40.33
14 1.122 9.36 55.05 57.95 40.53 40.18
15 1.132 9.44 59.49 62.62 40.40 40.02
16 1.141 9.52 63.98 67.35 40.25 39.85
17 1.151 9.60 68.55 72.16 40.10 39.67
18 1.160 9.68 73.18 77.03 39.95 39.49
19 1.170 9.76 77.91 82.01 39.80 39.31
20 1.180 9.85 82.72 87.07 39.65 39.13
21 1.190 9.93 87.59 92.20 39.48 38.93
22 1.200 10.01 92.53 97.40 39.31 38.73
23 1.210 10.10 97.55 102.68 39.14 38.52
24 1.220 10.18 102.62 108.02 38.95 38.30
25 1.231 10.27 107.82 113.49 38.76 38.08
26 1.241 10.36 113.09 119.04 38.57 37.86
27 1.252 10.44 118.44 124.67 38.37 37.62
28 1.262 10.53 123.85 130.37 38.16 37.38
29 1.273 10.62 129.39 136.20 37.96 37.14
30 1.284 10.71 135.00 142.11 37.75 36.90
31 1.295 10.81 140.70 148.11 37.53 36.64
32 1.306 10.90 146.48 154.19 37.30 36.38
33 1.317 10.99 152.32 160.34 37.06 36.10
34 1.328 11.08 158.25 166.58 36.81 35.81
35 1.340 11.18 164.32 172.97 36.57 35.53
36 1.351 11.27 170.47 179.44 36.32 35.24
37 1.363 11.37 176.76 186.06 36.06 34.95
38 1.375 11.47 183.13 192.77 35.81 34.65
39 1.387 11.57 189.53 199.50 35.53 34.33
40 1.398 11.67 195.99 206.31 35.23 33.99

Properties based on 20°C

salt tables 04

Section 18
Table 4 - Calcium Chloride continued…
% by Density Density CaCl2 Cl- Vol Vol Cryst. Pt.
Aw
Wt SG lb/gal mg/l mg/l Increase Increase (°F)
Factor Factor
100% 95%
CaCl2 CaCl2
1 1.009 8.42 10,085 6,454 1.002 1.002 31.1 0.998
2 1.017 8.49 20,340 13,018 1.004 1.004 30.4 0.996
3 1.026 8.56 30,765 19,690 1.006 1.007 29.5 0.993
4 1.034 8.63 41,360 26,470 1.008 1.010 28.6 0.989
5 1.043 8.70 52,125 33,360 1.011 1.013 27.7 0.984
6 1.051 8.77 63,060 40,358 1.013 1.016 26.8 0.979
7 1.060 8.84 74,165 47,466 1.016 1.019 25.9 0.973
8 1.068 8.91 85,440 54,682 1.018 1.022 24.6 0.967
9 1.077 8.98 96,885 62,006 1.021 1.026 23.5 0.959
10 1.085 9.05 108,500 69,440 1.024 1.030 22.3 0.951
11 1.094 9.13 120,340 77,018 1.027 1.034 20.8 0.942
12 1.103 9.20 132,360 84,710 1.030 1.038 19.3 0.933
13 1.113 9.28 144,625 92,560 1.034 1.041 17.6 0.923
14 1.122 9.36 157,080 100,531 1.037 1.045 15.5 0.912
15 1.132 9.44 169,725 108,624 1.041 1.049 13.5 0.900
16 1.141 9.52 182,560 116,838 1.044 1.054 11.2 0.888
17 1.151 9.60 195,585 125,174 1.048 1.059 8.6 0.875
18 1.160 9.68 208,800 133,632 1.051 1.064 5.9 0.862
19 1.170 9.76 222,300 142,272 1.056 1.068 2.8 0.847
20 1.180 9.85 236,000 151,040 1.060 1.073 –0.4 0.832
21 1.190 9.93 249,900 159,936 1.065 1.079 –3.9 0.816
22 1.200 10.01 264,000 168,960 1.069 1.084 –7.8 0.800
23 1.210 10.10 278,300 178,112 1.074 1.090 –11.9 0.783
24 1.220 10.18 292,800 187,392 1.078 1.097 –16.2 0.765
25 1.231 10.27 307,625 196,880 1.084 1.103 –21.0 0.746
26 1.241 10.36 322,660 206,502 1.089 1.109 –25.8 0.727
27 1.252 10.44 337,905 216,259 1.095 1.116 –31.2 0.707
28 1.262 10.53 353,360 226,150 1.100 1.124 –37.8 0.686
29 1.273 10.62 369,170 236,269 1.107 1.131 –49.4 0.665
30 1.284 10.71 385,200 246,528 1.113 1.138 –50.8 0.643
31 1.295 10.81 401,450 256,928 1.120 1.146 –33.2 0.620
32 1.306 10.90 417,920 267,469 1.126 1.155 –19.5 0.597
33 1.317 10.99 434,610 278,150 1.134 1.163 –6.9 0.573
34 1.328 11.08 451,520 288,973 1.141 1.173 +4.3 0.548
35 1.340 11.18 468,825 300,048 1.149 1.182 +14.4 0.522
36 1.351 11.27 486,360 311,270 1.156 1.192 +24.1 0.496
37 1.363 11.37 504,310 322,758 1.165 1.202 +33.4 0.469
38 1.375 11.47 522,500 334,400 1.173 1.212 +42.1 0.441
39 1.387 11.57 540,735 346,070 1.183 1.224 +49.6 0.413
40 1.398 11.67 559,200 357,888 1.192 1.236 +55.9 0.384

Properties based on 20°C

05 salt tables
Section 18

Properties of Calcium Chloride Solutions (at 20°C)

When Using CaCl2 with purity other than 95%:

New CaCl2 (lbm/bbl) = 95 x 95% CaCl2 (lbm/bbl) / % Purity

Volume increase from salt = 42 / New water
⎛ CaCl 2 ppb − 95% CaCl 2 ppb ⎞
New Water ( gal / bbl ) = Water ( gal / bbl ) − ⎜⎜⎝ New 8.345
⎟⎟
⎠

Example: 35% CaCl2 brine using 78% CaCl2 :

New CaCl2 (lbm/bbl) = 95 x 172.97 / 78 = 210.67
⎛ 210.67 −172.97 ⎞
New Water ppb = 35.53 − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 31.01
⎝ 8.345 ⎠

Volume increase from 78% salt = 42 / 31.01 = 1.354

Metric Conversions:
CaCl2 (g/l) = CaCl2 (lb/bbl) x 2.85714
H2O (ml/l) = H2O (gal/bbl) x 23.8086
CaCl2 (ppm) = % Wt x 10,000
Cl– (ppm) = CaCl2 (ppm) x 0.639
mg/l = ppm x specific gravity (S.G.)

Formulas:
Salt (lbm/bbl water) = Volume incr. factor x CaCl2 (lbm/bbl)
S.G. = 1.0036 [0.99707 + 7.923 (10 -3 ) (% wt CaCl2 )
+ 4.964(10 -5 ) (% wt CaCl2 )2]
+ 8.94922(10 -5 ) (% wt CaCl2 )2
Aw = 0.99989 - 1.39359 (10 -3 ) (% wt CaCl2 )
– 3.50352 (10 -4 ) (% wt CaCl2 ) 2

Wt CaCl2 = 100% CaCl2 ppb x % Purity CaCl2

SG x 350
salt tables 06

Section 18
Table 5 - Sodium-Calcium Chloride Blends
Density Water 100% NaCl 94 - 97% CaCl2 Cryst. Pt.
(lb/gal at 60° F) (bbl) (lb/bbl) (lb/bbl) (°F)
10.1 0.887 88 29 -4
10.2 0.875 70 52 -10
10.3 0.875 54 72 -15
10.4 0.876 41 89 -21
10.5 0.871 32 104 -26
10.6 0.868 25 116 -32
10.7 0.866 20 126 -38
10.8 0.864 16 135 -42
10.9 0.862 13 144 -24
11.0 0.859 10 151 -12
11.1 0.854 8 159 0
07 salt tables
Section 18

Table 6 - Magnesium Chloride

Weight Density Density Cl– Mg2+ MgCl2 Water Cryst. Pt. Water
(%) (kg/l) (lb/gal) (mg/l) (mg/l) (lb/bbl) (bbl) (¡F) Activity
1 1.006 8.39 7,492 2,568 3.54 0.9962 31.1 0.995
2 1.014 8.46 15,106 5,178 7.21 0.9941 30.1 0.990
3 1.023 8.52 22,842 7,830 10.98 0.9919 29 0.984
4 1.031 8.59 30,703 10,524 14.88 0.9897 27.9 0.978
5 1.039 8.66 38,696 13,264 18.91 0.9874 26.6 0.972
6 1.048 8.74 46,814 16,047 23.07 0.985 24.3 0.964
7 1.056 8.81 55,060 18,873 27.35 0.9825 22.3 0.957
8 1.065 8.88 63,444 21,747 31.77 0.9799 21.5 0.948
9 1.074 8.95 71,957 24,665 36.33 0.9772 19.6 0.939
10 1.083 9.02 80,608 27,631 41.03 0.9744 18 0.929
12 1.101 9.17 98,329 33,705 50.88 0.9685 14.4 0.906
14 1.119 9.33 116,635 39,980 61.36 0.9623 5.8 0.879
16 1.137 9.48 135,477 46,439 72.44 0.9552 -1.9 0.848
18 1.155 9.63 154,838 53,075 84.11 0.9474 -13 0.812
20 1.174 9.79 174,856 59,937 96.54 0.9394 -27.8 0.772
22 1.194 9.95 195,553 67,031 109.77 0.9312 -18.5 0.727
24 1.214 10.12 216,940 74,362 123.84 0.9226 -11.8 0.677
26 1.235 10.29 239,006 81,926 138.75 0.9136 -5 0.624
28 1.256 10.47 261,748 89,722 154.52 0.9039 1.3 0.567
30 1.276 10.64 285,091 97,723 171.09 0.8934 2.4 0.507

% volume salt = 100 x (1.0 - bbl water).

Properties based on 20°C and 100% purity
salt tables 08

Section 18
Table 7 - Potassium Chloride
Weight Density Density Cl– K+ KCl Water Cryst. Pt. Water
(%) (kg/l) (lb/gal) (mg/l) (mg/l) (lb/bbl) (bbl) (¡F) Activity
1 1.005 8.38 4,756 5,244 0.995 3.5 31.2 0.996
2 1.011 8.43 9,606 10,594 0.991 7.1 30.3 0.991
3 1.017 8.49 14,504 15,996 0.987 10.7 29.5 0.987
4 1.024 8.54 19,498 21,502 0.983 14.4 28.7 0.982
5 1.030 8.59 24,491 27,009 0.979 18.0 27.8 0.977
6 1.037 8.65 29,579 32,621 0.975 21.8 27.0 0.973
7 1.043 8.70 34,715 38,285 0.970 25.6 26.1 0.968
8 1.050 8.76 39,947 44,053 0.966 29.4 25.2 0.963
9 1.057 8.81 45,225 49,875 0.962 33.3 24.3 0.958
10 1.063 8.87 50,551 55,749 0.957 37.2 23.4 0.953
11 1.070 8.92 55,973 61,727 0.952 41.2 22.4 0.947
12 1.077 8.98 61,442 67,758 0.948 45.2 21.4 0.942
13 1.084 9.04 67,006 73,894 0.943 49.3 20.4 0.936
14 1.091 9.09 72,617 80,083 0.938 53.4 20.0 0.930
15 1.097 9.15 78,276 86,324 0.933 57.6 18.5 0.925
16 1.104 9.21 84,030 92,670 0.928 61.8 17.0 0.918
17 1.111 9.27 89,832 99,068 0.922 66.1 16.0 0.912
18 1.119 9.33 95,729 105,571 0.917 70.5 15.0 0.906
19 1.126 9.39 101,721 112,179 0.912 74.9 14.0 0.899
20 1.133 9.45 107,760 118,840 0.906 79.3 13.0 0.892
22 1.147 9.57 120,030 132,370 0.895 88.3 34.0 0.878
24 1.162 9.69 132,632 146,268 0.883 97.6 59.0 0.862

% volume salt = 100 x (1.0 - bbl water).

Properties based on 20°C and 100% purity
09 salt tables
Section 18

Table 8 - Potassium Carbonate

S.G. Density K2CO3 K+ K2CO3 Water
Wt % CO3=
(20° C) lb/gal mg/l mg/l lb/bbl gal/bbl
1 1.01 8.42 10,100 5,715 4,386 3.535 41.88
2 1.02 8.49 20,300 11,487 8,815 7.105 41.83
3 1.03 8.57 30,800 17,429 13,374 10.78 41.77
4 1.04 8.64 41,400 23,427 17,977 14.49 41.71
5 1.05 8.72 52,200 29,539 22,667 18.27 41.64
6 1.05 8.80 63,200 35,763 27,443 22.12 41.57
7 1.06 8.87 74,300 42,045 32,263 26.005 41.49
8 1.07 8.95 85,700 48,496 37,213 29.995 41.40
9 1.08 9.03 97,300 55,060 42,250 34.055 41.31
10 1.09 9.11 109,000 61,680 47,331 38.15 41.22
11 1.10 9.19 121,000 68,471 52,541 42.35 41.12
12 1.11 9.27 133,200 75,375 57,839 46.62 41.01
13 1.12 9.35 145,500 82,335 63,180 50.925 40.90
14 1.13 9.43 158,100 89,465 68,651 55.335 40.79
15 1.14 9.52 170,900 96,708 74,209 59.815 40.66
16 1.15 9.60 183,800 104,008 79,811 64.33 40.54
17 1.16 9.68 197,000 111,477 85,542 68.95 40.41
18 1.17 9.77 210,500 119,117 91,405 73.675 40.27
19 1.18 9.85 224,100 126,813 97,310 78.435 40.13
20 1.19 9.94 238,000 134,678 103,346 83.3 39.98
22 1.21 10.11 266,300 150,693 115,634 93.205 39.66
24 1.23 10.29 295,700 167,329 128,401 103.495 39.32
26 1.26 10.47 325,900 184,419 141,514 114.065 38.96
28 1.28 10.66 357,100 202,074 155,062 124.985 38.57
30 1.30 10.84 389,400 220,352 169,088 136.29 38.16
32 1.32 11.03 422,600 239,139 183,504 147.91 37.71
34 1.35 11.22 456,800 258,492 198,354 159.88 37.24
36 1.37 11.42 492,000 278,411 213,639 172.2 36.74
38 1.39 11.62 528,300 298,952 229,401 184.905 36.20
40 1.42 11.81 565,600 320,059 245,598 197.96 35.63
salt tables 10

Section 18
Table 9 - Ammonium Chloride

% by Weight
Density Specific Gravity lbs NH4Cl per bbls Water per Ammonium
lb/gal @ 60° F bbl Brine bbl Brine Chloride
(NH4Cl)
8.4 1.007 7.0 0.990 1.98
8.45 1.013 10.5 0.981 3.00
8.5 1.020 19.0 0.969 5.30
8.6 1.031 30.0 0.940 8.40
8.7 1.044 42.0 0.919 11.50
8.8 1.055 53.0 0.900 14.40
8.9 1.068 65.0 0.881 17.40
9.0 1.079 77.0 0.860 20.40
9.1 1.128 88.0 0.840 23.00
9.2 1.103 100.0 0.819 25.90
9.5 1.139 135.0 0.750 33.90
11 salt tables
Section 18

Table 10 – Potassium Bromide

Density bbl Water per lbs KBr per bbl Crystallization
% KBr
lb/gal bbl Brine Brine Point, °F (LCTD)
8.3 1.000 – – 32
8.6 0.985 15.1 4.2 30
8.7 0.980 21.9 6.0 30
8.8 0.974 28.1 7.6 29
8.9 0.967 34.8 9.3 28
9.0 0.962 40.8 10.8 27
9.1 0.956 47.0 12.3 27
9.2 0.954 52.6 13.6 26
9.3 0.947 58.6 15.0 26
9.4 0.942 64.7 16.4 25
9.5 0.937 70.6 17.7 24
9.6 0.932 76.6 19.0 23
9.7 0.928 82.3 20.2 22
9.8 0.922 88.5 21.5 22
9.9 0.916 94.8 22.8 21
10.0 0.911 100.8 24.0 19
10.1 0.905 106.9 25.2 18
10.2 0.901 112.7 26.3 17
10.3 0.895 119.0 27.5 16
10.4 0.888 125.4 28.7 15
10.5 0.883 131.4 29.8 14
10.6 0.878 137.6 30.9 12
10.7 0.872 143.8 32.0 13
10.8 0.865 150.6 33.2 20
10.9 0.858 157.0 34.3 27
11.0 0.854 162.6 35.2 33
11.1 0.847 169.2 36.3 41
11.2 0.842 175.5 37.3 49
11.3 0.835 181.2 38.3 57
11.4 0.829 188.2 39.3 66
11.5 0.824 194.2 40.2 75
salt tables 12

Section 18
Table 11 – Formulating Calcium-Chloride/Calcium-Bromide Using
11.6 lb/gal CaCl2 Brine, 14.2 lb/gal CaBr2 Brine, and Sack CaCl2

Brine Density at 11.6 lb/gal 14.2 lb/gal 94-97% CaCl2 (lb) Crystallisation
60ºF (lb/gal) CaCl2 (bbl) CaBr2 (bbl) (Flake or Pellet) Point (ºF)
11.7 .9714 .0246 3.5 +45
11.8 .9429 .9429 6.9 +51
11.9 .9143 .0738 10.4 +52
12.0 .8857 .0984 13.9 +54
12.1 .8572 .1229 17.4 +55
12.2 .8286 .1475 20.8 +55
12.3 .8000 .1722 24.3 +56
12.4 .7715 .1967 27.8 +56
12.5 .7429 .2213 31.2 +57
12.6 .7143 .2459 34.7 +58
12.7 .6857 .2705 38.2 +58
12.8 .6572 .2951 41.7 +58
12.9 .6286 .3197 45.1 +59
13.0 .6000 .3443 48.6 +59
13.1 .5714 .3689 52.1 +60
13.2 .5429 .3935 55.5 +60
13.3 .5143 .4181 59.0 +60
13.4 .4851 .4432 62.6 +61
13.5 .4572 .4672 66.0 +61
13.6 .4286 4919 69.4 +62
13.7 .4000 .5165 72.9 +62
13.8 .3714 .5411 75.4 +63
13.9 .3429 .5656 79.8 +63
14.0 .3143 .5903 83.3 +64
14.1 .2857 .6149 86.8 +64
14.2 .2572 .6394 90.3 +64
14.3 .2286 .6640 93.7 +65
14.4 2000 .6886 97.2 +65
14.5 .1715 .7132 100.7 +65
14.6 .1429 .7378 104.2 +66
14.7 .1143 .7624 107.6 +66
14.8 .0858 .7869 111.1 +67
14.9 .0572 .8116 114.6 +67
15.0 .0286 .8361 118.0 +67
15.1 .0000 .8608 121.5 +68
13 salt tables
Section 18

Table 12 – Formulating Calcium Bromide Base Solutions Using Solid

94% CaCl2 and Liquid 14.2 lb/gal CaBr2

CaCl2/CaBr2 Density at 60º F lb CaCl2 per bbl bbl 14.2 lb/gal bbl Fresh Water
CaBr2 per bbl Brine
lb/gal lb/ft3 Brine per bbl Brine
11.7 87.52 193.39 0.0254 0.8163
11.8 88.26 191.00 0.0507 0.7924
11.9 89.01 188.42 0.0762 0.7683
12.0 89.76 185.85 0.1016 0.7443
12.1 90.51 183.28 0.1269 0.7203
12.2 91.26 180.70 0.1524 0.6963
12.3 92.00 178.13 0.1778 0.6723
12.4 92.75 175.56 0.2032 0.6483
12.5 93.50 172.99 0.2286 0.6243
12.6 94.25 170.41 0.2540 0.6003
12.7 95.00 167.83 0.2794 0.5762
12.8 95.74 165.27 0.3048 0.5523
13.0 97.24 160.12 0.3556 0.5042
13.1 97.99 157.54 0.3810 0.4802
13.2 98.74 154.97 0.4064 0.4562
13.3 99.48 152.40 0.4318 0.4322
13.4 100.23 149.82 0.4572 0.4082
13.5 100.98 147.26 0.4826 0.3842
13.6 101.73 144.68 0.5080 0.3602
13.7 102.48 142.12 0.5334 0.3361
13.8 103.22 139.54 0.5589 0.3121
13.9 103.97 136.98 0.5842 0.2882
14.0 104.72 134.40 0.6069 0.2641
14.1 105.47 131.84 0.6351 0.2401
14.2 106.22 129.26 0.6604 0.2161
14.3 106.96 126.68 0.6858 0.1921
14.4 107.71 124.11 0.7113 0.1681
14.5 108.46 121.54 0.7366 0.1441
14.6 109.21 118.97 0.7620 0.1201
14.7 109.96 116.39 0.7875 0.0961
14.8 110.70 113.82 0.8128 0.0721
14.9 111.45 111.25 0.8382 0.0481
15.0 112.20 108.67 0.8637 00.241
15.1 112.95 106.10 0.8891 0.0000
salt tables 14

Section 18
Table 13 – Formulating Calcium Bromide Base Solutions Using 95%
Powder CaBr2

Brine Density bbls Fresh Water lbs 95% CaBr2

lb/gal lb/ft3 per bbl Brine per bbl Brine
11.0 82.28 0.889 150.8
11.1 83.03 0.887 155.9
11.2 83.78 0.884 160.9
11.3 84.52 0.878 167.4
11.4 85.27 0.869 174.5
11.5 86.02 0.867 179.6
11.6 86.77 0.864 184.7
11.7 87.52 0.863 188.9
11.8 88.26 0.849 198.3
11.9 89.01 0.849 202.6
12.0 8976 0.848 207.0
12.1 90.51 0.840 214.1
12.3 92.00 0.831 225.8
12.4 92.75 0.830 230.3
12.5 93.50 0.821 237.7
12.6 94.25 0.819 242.4
12.7 95.00 0.810 250.0
12.8 95.74 0.808 254.8
12.9 96.49 0.797 266.5
13.0 97.24 0.796 267.4
13.1 97.99 0.794 272.3
13.2 98.74 0.791 277.3
13.3 99.48 0.789 282.4
13.4 100.23 0.778 290.4
13.5 100.98 0.775 295.6
13.6 101.73 0.772 300.8
13.7 102.48 0.761 309.0
13.8 103.22 0.758 314.3
13.9 103.97 0.755 319.7
14.0 104.72 0.751 325.1
14.1 105.47 0.748 330.5
14.2 106.22 0.744 335.9
14.3 106.96 0.740 341.5
15 salt tables
Section 18

Table 14 – Formulating Sodium Bromide Base Solutions Using 10.0 lb/

gal NaCl Brine and 12.4 lb/gal NaBr Brine

bbl 10.0 lb/gal NaCl bbl 12.4 NaBr per Crystallisation

Density (lb/gal)
per bbl Final Brine bbl Final Brine Point (ºF) (LCTD)
10.0 1.000 0.000 30
10.1 0.958 0.042
10.2 0.917 0.083
10.3 0.875 0.125
10.4 0.833 0.167
10.5 0.792 0.208
10.6 0.750 0.250
10.7 0.708 0.292
10.8 0.667 0.333
10.9 0.625 0.375
11.1 0.583 0.417
11.2 0.500 0.500
11.3 0.458 0.542
11.4 0.417 0.583
11.5 0.375 0.625
11.6 0.333 0.667
11.7 0.292 0.708
11.8 0.250 0.750
11.9 0.208 0.792 23
12.0 0.167 0.833 28
12.1 0.125 0.875 32
12.2 0.083 0.917 36
12.3 0.042 0.958 39
12.4 0.000 1.000 46

Note: Crystallisation points need to be determined for fluids that do not have
the data detailed before use in the field.
salt tables 16

Section 18
Table 15 – Formulating Sodium Bromide Base Solutions Using Powder
NaCl, Powder NaBr and Fresh Water

bbl Water per Ibs NaCl per lbs NaBr per Crystallisation
Density lb/gal
bbl Brine bbl Brine bbl Brine Point, °F (LCTD)
10.0 0.886 110.0 0 30
10.1 0.883 106.0 9.3
10.2 0.880 102.0 18.6
10.3 0.877 97.8 27.9
10.4 0.874 93.7 37.1
10.5 0.871 89.6 46.4
10.6 0.868 85.6 55.7
10.7 0.865 81.5 65.0
10.8 0.862 77.4 74.3
10.9 0.859 73.4 83.6
11.0 0.856 69.3 92.8
11.1 0.853 65.2 102.0
11.2 0.850 61.2 111.0
11.3 0.847 57.1 121.0
11.4 0.844 52.9 130.0
11.5 0.841 48.8 139.0
11.6 0.838 44.8 149.0
11.7 0.835 40.7 158.0
11.8 0.832 36.6 167.0
11.9 0.829 32.6 177.0
12.0 0.826 28.5 186.0 37
12.1 0.823 24.4 195.0 41
12.2 0.820 20.4 204.0 47
12.3 0.818 16.3 214.0 49
12.4 0.815 12.2 223.0 53
12.5 0.812 8.1 232.0 56
12.6 0.809 4.1 242.0 60
12.7 0.806 0 251.0 63

Note: Crystallisation points need to be determined for fluids that do not have
the data detailed before use in the field.
17 salt tables
Section 18

Table 16 – Formulating Sodium Bromide (95% purity) Brine

Requirements for 1 Requirements for 1 Crystallisation Point
Brine at 20º C / 68º F
bbl Brine m3 Brine
lb/gal SG Water gal NaBr lbs Water m3 NaBr kg ºF ºC
8.4 1.007 41.81 4.08 0.996 11.65 31.0 - 0.6
8.5 1.019 41.66 9.60 0.992 27.38 30.0 - 1.1
8.6 1.031 41.51 15.07 0.988 42.99 29.0 - 1.7
8.7 1.043 41.35 20.60 0.984 58.77 29.0 - 1.7
8.8 1.055 41.18 26.15 0.981 74.62 28.0 - 2.2
8.9 1.067 41.02 31.70 0.977 90.44 26.0 - 3.3
9.0 1.079 40.85 37.39 0.973 106.68 25.0 - 3.9
9.1 1.091 40.69 42.92 0.969 122.45 24.0 - 4.4
9.2 1.103 40.51 48.55 0.965 138.52 23.0 - 5.0
9.3 1.115 40.34 54.20 0.961 154.64 22.0 - 5.6
9.4 1.127 40.17 59.84 0.956 170.72 21.0 - 6.1
9.5 1.139 39.99 65.52 0.952 186.92 20.0 - 6.7
9.6 1.151 39.81 71.21 0.948 203.15 19.0 - 7.2
9.7 1.163 39.64 76.91 0.944 219.42 18.0 - 7.8
9.8 1.175 39.46 82.58 0.939 235.62 16.0 - 8.9
9.9 1.187 39.27 88.33 0.935 252.01 15.0 - 9.4
10.0 1.199 39.09 94.05 0.931 268.34 14.0 - 10.0
10.1 1.211 38.90 99.81 0.926 284.75 12.0 - 11.1
10.2 1.223 38.72 105.56 0.922 301.18 11.0 - 11.7
10.3 1.235 38.53 111.33 0.917 317.62 10.0 - 12.2
10.4 1.247 38.34 117.09 0.913 334.07 8.0 - 13.3
10.5 1.259 38.16 122.86 0.909 350.52 6.0 - 14.4
10.6 1.271 37.97 128.62 0.904 366.96 5.0 - 15.0
10.7 1.283 37.78 134.41 0.900 383.48 4.0 - 15.6
10.8 1.295 37.59 140.19 0.895 399.98 2.0 - 16.7
10.9 1.307 37.40 146.02 0.890 416.62 0.0 - 17.8
11.0 1.319 37.20 151.87 0.886 433.30 - 2.0 - 18.9
11.1 1.331 37.00 157.71 0.881 449.96 - 3.0 - 19.4
11.2 1.343 36.80 163.58 0.876 466.72 - 5.0 - 20.6
11.3 1.354 36.61 169.40 0.872 483.32 - 7.0 - 21.7
11.4 1.366 36.41 175.28 0.867 500.08 - 9.0 - 22.8
11.5 1.379 36.21 181.14 0.862 516.79 - 11.0 - 23.9
11.6 1.391 36.02 186.98 0.858 533.47 - 14.0 - 25.6
11.7 1.402 35.81 192.83 0.853 550.16 - 16.0 - 26.7

Note: It is recommended to confirm crystallisation points before use in the

field.
salt tables 18

Section 18
Table 17 – Formulating Sodium Formate Brine
lbs
HCOONa HCOONa Initial H20 Density Correction Sodium
HCOONa Activity
(Wt%) (g/l) (ml/l) (lb/gal) Factor (mg/l)
/bbl H2O

1.0 10.05 996.6 8.371 1.0034 3397 3.53 0.992

2.0 20.20 991.7 8.415 1.0083 6829 7.13 0.986
3.0 30.47 987.0 8.461 1.0131 10301 10.81 0.979
4.0 40.86 982.4 8.509 1.0179 13813 14.56 0.972
5.0 51.38 977.9 8.559 1.0226 17367 18.39 0.965
6.0 62.02 973.4 8.611 1.0273 20966 22.30 0.958
7.0 72.80 968.9 8.663 1.0321 24609 26.30 0.951
8.0 83.71 964.4 8.716 1.0369 28297 30.38 0.946
9.0 94.75 958.8 8.770 1.0419 32030 34.55 0.938
10.0 105.83 956.1 8.824 1.0470 35808 38.82 0.932
11.0 117.24 950.3 8.878 1.0523 39631 43.18 0.925
12.0 128.68 945.4 8.933 1.0578 43600 47.64 0.919
13.0 140.26 940.4 8.987 1.0634 47413 52.20 0.913
14.0 151.97 935.2 9.042 1.0693 51372 56.87 0.906
15.0 163.81 930.0 9.097 1.0763 55375 61.65 0.900
16.0 175.79 924.5 9.152 1.0816 59424 66.55 0.893
17.0 187.91 919.1 9.207 1.0880 63519 71.56 0.887
18.0 200.16 913.5 9.263 1.0947 67660 76.69 0.880
19.0 212.56 907.7 9.318 1.1016 71848 81.95 0.873
20.0 226.08 901.9 9.374 1.1087 76084 87.34 0.866
21.0 237.75 896.0 9.431 1.1160 80369 92.87 0.859
22.0 250.58 890.0 9.488 1.1236 84704 98.54 0.852
23.0 253.56 883.9 9.546 1.1313 89092 104.36 0.844
24.0 276.69 877.8 9.604 1.1392 93532 110.33 0.836
25.0 289.99 871.5 9.663 1.1474 98027 116.46 0.828
26.0 303.46 865.2 9.722 1.1557 102579 122.75 0.819
27.0 317.09 858.9 9.783 1.1643 107188 129.22 0.810
28.0 330.90 852.4 9.844 1.1731 111857 135.87 0.800
29.0 344.89 845.9 9.907 1.1822 116586 142.70 0.790
30.0 359.08 839.3 9.970 1.1914 121376 149.73 0.780
31.0 373.42 832.7 10.034 1.2010 126228 156.96 0.770
32.0 387.96 826.9 10.099 1.2108 131143 164.41 0.759
33.0 402.68 819.0 10.165 1.2210 136119 172.08 0.748
34.0 417.58 812.1 10.231 1.2314 141157 179.98 0.736
35.0 432.66 806.0 10.297 1.2423 146253 188.12 0.725
36.0 447.90 797.7 10.364 1.2536 151407 196.52 0.713
37.0 463.30 790.3 10.431 1.2654 156613 205.19 0.702
38.0 478.85 782.7 10.497 1.2776 161868 214.13 0.691
39.0 494.52 774.9 10.562 1.2905 167165 223.37 0.680
40.0 510.29 766.8 10.627 1.3041 172497 232.91 0.670
19 salt tables
Section 18

lbs
HCOONa HCOONa Initial H20 Density Correction Sodium
HCOONa Activity
(Wt%) (g/l) (ml/l) (lb/gal) Factor (mg/l)
/bbl H2O

41.0 526.14 758.5 10.690 1.3184 177855 242.78 0.660

42.0 542.04 749.9 10.750 1.3336 183227 252.99 0.651
43.0 557.93 740.9 10.808 1.3497 188601 263.56 0.643
44.0 573.79 731.6 10.863 1.3669 193962 274.51 0.636
45.0 589.58 721.9 10.913 1.3863 199293 286.86 0.630
46.0 605.19 711.7 10.959 1.4051 204574 297.61 0.626
47.0 620.59 701.1 10.999 1.4264 209782 309.82 0.622
48.0 635.71 689.9 11.032 1.4494 214891 322.50 0.619
49.0 650.45 678.2 11.058 1.4746 219874 335.67 0.617
salt tables 20

Section 18
Table 18 – Formulating Potassium Formate Brine
lbs
HCOONa HCOOK Initial H20 Density Correction Potassium
HCOOK Activity
(Wt%) (g/l) (ml/l) (lb/gal) Factor (mg/l)
/bbl H2O

1.0 10.06 998.0 8.382 1.0020 4677 3.53 0.994

2.0 20.25 994.0 8.433 1.0061 9411 7.13 0.991
3.0 30.55 989.7 8.484 1.0106 14201 10.81 0.987
4.0 40.97 985.1 8.533 1.0161 19044 14.56 0.984
5.0 51.51 980.4 8.581 1.0200 23841 18.39 0.980
6.0 62.16 975.5 8.629 1.0261 28890 22.30 0.975
7.0 72.92 970.5 8.677 1.0304 33892 26.30 0.971
8.0 83.79 966.3 8.725 1.0359 38946 30.38 0.968
9.0 94.78 960.1 8.772 1.0416 44063 34.55 0.961
10.0 105.88 954.7 8.820 1.0476 49214 38.82 0.956
11.0 117.11 949.2 8.868 1.0535 54430 43.18 0.951
12.0 128.45 943.6 8.916 1.0597 59700 47.64 0.946
13.0 139.91 938.0 8.965 1.0661 65028 52.20 0.940
14.0 151.49 932.3 9.014 1.0726 70413 56.87 0.934
15.0 163.21 928.5 9.063 1.0793 75858 61.65 0.928
16.0 175.05 920.7 9.114 1.0862 81363 66.55 0.922
17.0 187.03 918.8 9.164 1.0931 86930 71.56 0.915
18.0 199.14 908.9 9.216 1.1003 92561 76.68 0.908
19.0 211.40 902.9 9.268 1.1076 98257 81.95 0.901
20.0 223.80 896.8 9.321 1.1151 104019 87.34 0.894
21.0 236.34 890.7 9.375 1.1227 109850 92.87 0.886
22.0 249.04 884.5 9.429 1.1305 116750 98.54 0.878
23.0 261.88 878.3 9.485 1.1386 121721 104.36 0.870
24.0 274.88 872.0 9.541 1.1467 127763 110.33 0.862
25.0 288.04 865.7 9.598 1.1552 133880 116.46 0.854
26.0 301.36 859.3 9.666 1.1638 140071 122.75 0.845
27.0 314.84 852.8 9.714 1.1726 146337 129.22 0.836
28.0 328.49 846.2 9.773 1.1817 152680 135.87 0.827
29.0 342.30 839.6 9.832 1.1911 159100 142.70 0.818
30.0 356.29 832.8 9.883 1.2007 165599 149.73 0.809
31.0 370.44 826.0 9.954 1.2106 172176 156.96 0.799
32.0 384.76 819.1 10.016 1.2209 178833 164.41 0.789
33.0 399.25 812.1 10.078 1.2314 185569 172.08 0.780
34.0 413.92 804.9 10.141 1.2423 192386 179.98 0.770
35.0 428.76 797.7 10.204 1.2536 199283 188.12 0.760
36.0 443.77 790.3 10.268 1.2653 206261 196.52 0.750
37.0 458.96 782.9 10.333 1.2773 213320 205.19 0.740
38.0 474.32 775.3 10.398 1.2899 220459 214.13 0.730
39.0 489.85 767.6 10.463 1.3028 227679 223.37 0.719
40.0 505.56 759.7 10.528 1.3163 234981 232.91 0.709
21 salt tables
Section 18

lbs
HCOONa HCOOK Initial H20 Density Correction Potassium
HCOOK Activity
(Wt%) (g/l) (ml/l) (lb/gal) Factor (mg/l)
/bbl H2O
41.0 521.44 751.7 10.594 1.3303 242363 242.78 0.699
42.0 537.50 743.6 10.660 1.3448 249826 252.99 0.689
43.0 553.73 735.3 10.727 1.3599 257369 263.56 0.678
44.0 570.13 726.9 10.794 1.3756 264993 274.51 0.668
45.0 586.71 718.4 10.861 1.3920 272697 285.85 0.658
46.0 603.46 709.7 10.928 1.4091 280482 297.61 0.648
47.0 620.38 700.8 10.996 1.4269 288348 309.82 0.638
48.0 637.48 691.8 11.063 1.4454 296296 322.50 0.627
49.0 654.76 682.7 11.131 1.4648 304325 335.67 0.617
50.0 672.21 673.5 11.199 1.4850 312436 349.37 0.607
51.0 689.84 664.0 11.267 1.5081 320630 363.63 0.597
52.0 707.65 654.4 11.336 1.5281 328908 378.48 0.587
53.0 725.64 644.7 11.405 1.5512 337272 393.97 0.576
54.0 743.82 634.8 11.474 1.5754 345722 410.13 0.566
55.0 762.19 624.7 11.544 1.6007 354262 427.01 0.556
56.0 780.76 614.6 11.614 1.6272 362893 444.65 0.546
57.0 799.54 604.2 11.684 1.6550 371618 463.12 0.535
58.0 818.52 593.8 11.756 1.6841 380440 482.46 0.526
59.0 837.71 583.2 11.827 1.7147 389363 502.75 0.514
60.0 857.14 572.5 11.900 1.7469 398391 52706 0.504
61.0 876.80 561.6 11.973 1.7807 407529 546.45 0.493
62.0 896.71 550.6 12.048 1.8162 416783 570.02 0.482
63.0 916.88 539.5 12.123 1.8537 426167 594.87 0.471
64.0 937.32 528.2 12.200 1.8932 435661 621.10 0.459
65.0 958.06 516.8 12.278 1.9349 445300 648.83 0.447
66.0 979.11 505.3 12.358 1.9790 455083 678.19 0.436
67.0 1000.49 493.7 12.439 2.0267 465020 709.33 0.423
68.0 1022.22 481.9 12.522 2.0751 476121 742.41 0.409
69.0 1044.33 470.0 12.608 2.1275 486397 777.63 0.396
70.0 1066.84 458.0 12.695 2.1832 495861 815.20 0.381
71.0 1089.79 445.9 12.788 2.2425 506525 855.35 0.366
72.0 1113.20 433.7 12.879 2.3058 517405 898.38 0.350
73.0 1137.10 421.3 12.976 2.3734 528517 944.59 0.333
74.0 1181.54 408.8 13.075 2.4459 539876 994.36 0.314
75.0 1186.56 398.2 13.179 2.5238 551503 1048.11 0.294
salt tables 22

Section 18
Table 19 – Formulating Potassium Sulphate Brine
Weight Density Density SO4–– K2SO4 Water Cryst. Pt.
K+ (mg/l)
(%) (kg/l)) (lb/gal) (mg/l) (lb/bbl) (bbl) (°F)l
0.5 1.004 8.37 2,244 2,756 1.8 0.997 31.8
1.0 1.008 8.41 4,532 5,568 3.5 0.996 31.5
1.5 1.012 8.44 6,821 8,379 5.3 0.995 31.9
2.0 1.016 8.47 9,110 11,190 7.1 0.994 31.1
2.5 1.020 8.51 11,443 14,057 8.9 0.993 31.9
3.0 1.024 8.54 13,776 16,924 10.7 0.992 31.9
3.5 1.028 8.58 16,110 19,790 12.6 0.991 31.8
4.0 1.032 8.61 18,488 22,712 14.4 0.989 31.8
4.5 1.037 8.64 20,911 25,689 16.3 0.988 30.1
5.0 1.041 8.68 23,290 28,610 18.2 0.987 29.9
5.5 1.045 8.71 25,758 31,642 20.1 0.986 —
6.0 1.049 8.75 28,181 34,619 22.0 0.984 —
6.5 1.053 8.78 30,649 37,651 23.9 0.983 —
7.0 1.057 8.82 33,162 40,738 25.9 0.981 —
7.5 1.061 8.85 35,675 43,825 27.8 0.980 —
8.0 1.066 8.89 38,188 46,912 29.8 0.979 —
8.5 1.070 8.92 40,746 50,054 31.8 0.977 —
9.0 1.074 8.96 43,304 53,196 33.8 0.976 —
9.5 1.078 8.99 45,907 56,393 35.8 0.974 —
10.0 1.083 9.03 48,509 59,591 37.8 0.973 —

% volume salt = 100 x (1.0 - bbl water).

Properties based on 20°C and 100% purity
 salt tables
Section 18