Twin Engine Gross Segments
First segment          Speed:    V2 = 1.13 X Vs1g
Second segment         Speed:    V2                     Climb Grad: 2.4%
Third segment          Speed:    Accelerate             Climb Grad: 1.2%
Fourth segment         Speed:    1.18 X Vs1g
Correction to Net segments; - 0.8%.
Improved Climb Gross Gradient: 5%.
Items to be considered on takeoff:
1.Field Length Limit
2.Climb Limit
3.MCG Limit
4.Vmbe
5.Tyre Limit Speed.
Pressure Altitude      3000 ft         IAS    100 kts         TAS    106 kts
                       0               IAS    100 kts         TAS    104 kts
Take off acceleration in snow covered runway is slower due too Spray Impingement Drag
and Landing Gear Displacement Drag.
In addition, deceleration to stop also slower due too poor brake coefficient.
Regulation prohibits takeoff in runway with Slush depth more than 0.5 inch or 1.3 cm or
Dry Snow more than 2.36 inch or 6 cm, due too possibility of airplane damage by Spray
impingement on airplane structure.
Thrust reduction in Reduced thrust takeoff is not more than 25% of rates takeoff thrust.
During cruise in one engine inoperative the altitude gradient decrement from gross
altitude is – 1.1%.
Approach in one engine inoperative speed: 1.4 X Vs1g and climb gradient: 2.1%.
Landing speed: 1.23 X Vs1g and climb gradient: 3.2%
Touch Down speed: 0.93 X Vref.
Q Feel is a computer-based artificial feel system based on ½ RV* that felt by the pilot
through the control column and rudder pedals and used commonly on airplane with
powered flight controls.
The Q Feel inputs are:
1. Static and Dynamic Pressure
2. Control surface angle of deflection.
The Spoiler Blow Back, is the spoiler angle for a given input signal will decrease with an
increase of air speed or compressibility effect.