HOA
History of Architecture
MODULE 4
Architecture in the Philippines
Marcosian
Architecture
Marcos Regime
▪ “Golden Age of Philippine Architecture”
▪ Marcos regime launched its New Society.
▪ Extravagant building programs were legitimized the
search for national identity and nation building,
headed by Imelda Marcos.
Batasang Pambansa Building, Felipe Mendoza.
National Arts Center, Laguna. Leandro Locsin.
Nayong Filipino. (A miniature village simulating the folk art and architecture drawn from different regions; the first
cultural park established in Asia and the world.)
CCP Complex
■ Cultural Center of the Philippines
■ A cultural-convention facility on land reclaimed
from the historic Manila Bay
■ Venue for folk festivals and spectacular state
rituals, such as:Kasaysayan ng Lahi; Miss
Universe, 1974; Manila International Film Festival;
enshrining of National Artists.
Tanghalang Pambansa, CCP Main Theater. Leandro Locsin.
Folk Arts Theater, Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas. Leandro Locsin. (Arena-type, 10,000-seat theater constructed
within 77 days; intended venue for the 1974 Ms. Universe Pageant.)
PICC, Philippine International Convention Center. Leandro Locsin.
PHILCITE, Philippine Center for International Trade and Exhibitions. Leandro Locsin.
Manila Film Center, Froilan Hong. (Applied classical proportions in the design of its facade.)
Tahanang Filipino or Coconut Palace, Francisco Mañosa. (State guest house by the bay, in promotion of Imelda’s
Coconut Utilization Program.)
Housing Projects
Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services (BLISS). melda’s idea of a model community plan, a self-reliant
and self-sufficient settlement designed for 50-100 families in a two-and-a-half hectare area.
“The passively cooled urban house”, a prototype house designed by Geronimo Manahan in collaboration with the
Ministry of Energy.
Health Facilities
Jorge Ramos
Philippine Heart Center, Quezon City.
■ Lung Center
■ Kidney Institute
■ Eye Center
■ Lungsod ng Kabataan (Children’s
City)
■ Research Institute for Tropical
Medicine
■ expansion of PGH
UAP
■ United Architect of the Philippines
■ Merged Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA),
League of Philippine Architects (LPA), and the
Association of Philippine Government Architects
(APGA).
Contemporary
Philippine Architecture
Pluralism
Characterized by an overt application of historical
references and blunt symbolism.
Skyscrapers
To break its vertical monotony, the postmodern
skyscraper adopted the tripartite division of columnar
architecture: podium, shaft, and crown.
Philippines 2000
▪ An economic program which aimed to elevate the
nation to the status of a “newly industrialized country”
▪ Compelled the production of “global architecture” in
the Philippines.
Michael Graves
World Trade Exchange, Binondo, Manila.
I.M. Pei
Essensa Towers, Taguig, Metro Manila.
Arquitectonica
Pacific Plaza Tower, Taguig City.
■ Westin Times Square Hotel in New
York.
■ SM MOA, MOA Arena, SMX
Convention Center, Megamall
(expansion), SM Aura Premier and
SM City North EDSA.
■ Recio + Casas Architects, AOR.
SOM
RCBC Plaza (Yuchengco Tower), Ayala
Avenue, Makati.
■ W.V. Coscolluela & Associates,
AOR.
■ Postmodern skyscrapers adopted
the tripartite division of columnar
architecture: podium, shaft, and
crown.
High-tech
Architecture
■ New multinational style.
■ Fascination with cutting-edge technology and
sleek machine iconography, cybertopia inspired.
■ Often sleek, unadorned, industrial facade.
SOM
PBCom Tower, Ayala Avenue, Makati
City. Tallest office building in the
Philippines.
■ Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.
■ John Hancock Center and Burj
Khalifa.
■ GF & Partners Architects, AOR.
Philip Recto
One San Miguel Building, Pasig City.
KPF
GT International Tower, Makati City.
■ Kohn, Pendersen, and Fox.
■ GF & Partners Architects, AOR.
Rogelio Villarosa
Tektite Tower, Ortigas.
■ Use of mirror glass.
NAIA Terminal 3, SOM.
Deconstruction
■ Exaggerating contradictions in geometric
compositions.
■ Quality of being dismantled, with no visual logic,
and unharmonious composition of the facade.
Eduardo Calma
DLSU-CSB School of Fine Arts and
Design, Manila.
Micro-cities
■ Self-contained total environments, Disney-
fication.
■ Typifies the character of the capitalist space.
Rockwell Center and Eastwood City. (Disney-fication, the urban space gradually transformed into an environment
akin to theme parks.)
Tagaytay Highlands. (A community as an escape from the city to a life enveloped by nature.)
Retail Establishments
Megamalls have become an urban fixture generating
new urban spatial experiences under a singular,
enclosed domain.
Antonio Sindiong
SM Megamall.
■ Largest mall in Asia with its
concept of a self-contained city,
1992.
Arquitectonica
■ Robert Carag Ong and Associates
as architect-of-record, 2006.
RTKL Associates
Inc.
Gateway Mall, Cubao.
■ Rogers, Taliaferro, Kostritsky and
Lamb Associates Inc.
■ Set the standard for the upscale
malling experience in Cubao.
■ Oasis, glass-encased floating
garden, 2004.
Ayala Greenbelt. (Endeavours to create a highly pedestrianized urban center.)
End of Module 4
Part 3
