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CHAPTER I
I. INTRODUCTION
The opening paragraphs of your paper will provide your readers with their initial
impressions about the logic of your argument, your writing style, the overall quality of your
research, and, ultimately, the validity of your findings and conclusions. A vague, disorganized, or
error-filled introduction will create a negative impression, whereas, a concise, engaging, and
well-written introduction will lead your readers to think highly of your analytical skills, your
writing style, and your research approach. All introductions should conclude with a brief
paragraph that describes the organization of the rest of the paper.
Think of the structure of the introduction as an inverted triangle of information that
lays a foundation for understanding the research problem. Organize the information so as to
present the more general aspects of the topic early in the introduction, then narrow your analysis
to more specific topical information that provides context, finally arriving at your research
problem and the rationale for studying it [often written as a series of key questions to be
addressed or framed as a hypothesis or set of assumptions to be tested] and, whenever possible, a
description of the potential outcomes your study can reveal.
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II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
One of the preliminary steps to completing a thesis is the background study for it. The
background study for a thesis includes a review of the area being researched, current information
surrounding the issue, previous studies on the issue, and relevant history on the issue. Ideally, the
study should effectively set forth the history and background information on your thesis problem.
The purpose of a background study is to help you to prove the relevance of your thesis question
and to further develop your thesis.
The background of the study provides context to the information that you are discussing
in your paper. Thus, the background of the study generates the reader's interest in your research
question and helps them understand why your study is important. For instance, in case of your
study, the background can include a discussion on how socio economic factors influence learning
patterns or the disparity in academic performance among learners of grade 12. However, this is
just an example, and you will be the best person to judge what information you would like to
include in the background of your study.
Typically, the background of a study includes a review of the existing literature on the
area of your research, leading up to your topic. Once you have discussed the contribution of
other researchers in the field, you can identify gaps in understanding, that is, areas that have not
been addressed in these studies. You can then explain how your study will address these gaps and
how it will contribute to the existing knowledge in the field.
III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
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The first and most important step in any research is to identify and delineate the research
problem: that is, what the researcher wants to solve and what questions he/she wishes to answer.
A research problem may be defined as an area of concern, a gap in the existing knowledge, or a
deviation in the norm or standard that points to the need for further understanding and
investigation. Although many problems turn out to have several solutions (the means to close the
gap or correct the deviation), difficulties arise where such means are either not obvious or are not
immediately available. This then necessitates some research to reach a viable solution.
Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:
1. Enumerate your problem in a question form.
2. Enumerate your problem in a question form.
3. Enumerate your problem in a question form.
4. Enumerate your problem in a question form.
5. Enumerate your problem in a question form.
III. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Determining the objectives of the research is the most important part of the research task.
Basic parameters of the research depend upon it, such as selection of target groups, methods and
appropriate type of research. The objective subsequently determines the research content and
formulation of research questions and it is an important guideline for further data processing and
analysis:
1. Answer of the problem 1 in the statement of the problem.
2. Answer of the problem 2 in the statement of the problem.
3. Answer of the problem 3 in the statement of the problem.
4. Answer of the problem 4 in the statement of the problem.
5. Answer of the problem 5 in the statement of the problem.
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IV. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It should determine who benefits from the study and how that specific audience will
benefit from its findings. The significance of the study could be simply reflected by the
following two questions: Why should my study be published? What significant scientific
contribution is my study making to my field of research?
These terms that were concisely defined in the study that could help the reader to
understand and comprehend it more. This specific words are:
Term- define the significance of the study to the term given.
Term- define the significance of the study to the term given.
Term- define the significance of the study to the term given.
Term- define the significance of the study to the term given.
Term- define the significance of the study to the term given.
V. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It can
be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used to make
conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real
and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Knowledge Survey Expected Outcome
Interview
Questionnaires
VI. HYPOTHESIS
A research hypothesis is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive
statement about the possible outcome of a scientific research study based on a particular property
of a population, such as presumed differences between groups on a particular variable or
relationships between variables. Specifying the research hypotheses is one of the most important
steps in planning a scientific quantitative research study. A quantitative researcher usually states
an a priori expectation about the results of the study in one or more research hypotheses before
conducting the study, because the design of the research study and the planned research design
often is determined by the stated hypotheses.
VII. SCOPE
It is important to narrow down your thesis topic and limit the scope of your study. The
researcher should inform the reader about limits or coverage of the study. The scope identifies
the boundaries of the study in term of subjects, objectives, facilities, area, time frame, and the
issues to which the research is focused. Sample phrases that help express the scope of the study:
The coverage of this study……….
The study consists of ……..
The study covers the ……….
This study is focus on……..
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VIII. DELIMITATION
The delimitation of the study is delimiting a study by geographic location, age, sex,
population traits, population size, or other similar considerations. Delimitation is used to make
study better and more feasible and not just for the interest of the researcher. It also identifies the
constraints or weaknesses of your study which are not within the control of the researcher.
Sample phrases that expressed the delimitations of the study
The study does not cover the……
The researcher limited this research to……
This study is limited to………
IX. DEFINITION OF TERMS
This terms that could help a lot the readers to understand more the study. And gain more ideas
about the study. This unfamiliar terms are:
Terms – definition.
