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 Words
Key - Composite electrodes, flux cored ANSVAWS A5.22-95
arc welding, stainless steel tubular An
American
National
Standard
electrodes, filler metal specifications,
composite rods, tungsten arc welding,
tubular rods by Approved
American National Standards Institute
December 1,1994

Specification for
Stainless Steel Electrodes
for Flux Cored Arc Welding and
Stainless Steel Flux CoredRods
for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Supersedes AWS A5.22-80

Prepared by
AWS Committee onFiller Metal

Under the Direction of

AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by
AWS Board of Directors

Abstract
Classification and other requirements are specified for more than40 grades of flux cored stainless steel electrodes and
rods. Newclassifications include duplex alloys not previouslyclassified and flux cored rodsfor gas tungsten arc welding.
Designations indicate the chemical composition of the weld metal, the position of welding (newly introduced in this
revision of the standard), and the external shielding medium required(for those classifications for which one is required).
A special designation (K) is used to identify those classifications that are intended specifically for cryogenic service.
The requirements include general requirements, testing, and packaging. The Annex provides general application
guidelines for individual alloys and other useful information about weldingelectrodes.

American WeldingSociety
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 AWS A 5 - 290
257 8 4 2 b 5 0505032 8 5 4 W

Statement on Use of AWS Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American
Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the
American National Standards Institute. When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that
are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions
carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approvedby the
governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all
cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards.
Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by
agreement betweenthe contracting parties.

International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-456-6

American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami,Florida 33126

O 1995 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

Note: The primary purpose of AWS is to serve and benefit its members. To this end, AWS provides a forum for the
exchange, consideration, and discussion of ideas and proposals that are relevant to the welding industry and the
consensus of which forms the basis for these standards. By providing such a forum, AWS does not assumeany duties to
which a user of these standards may be required to adhere. By publishing this standard, the American Welding Society
does not insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability arising from that use. Publication of a
standard by the AmericanWelding Society does not carry with it any right to make, use,or sell any patented items. Users
of the information in this standard should make an independent, substantiating investigation of the validity of that
information for their particular use and the patent status of any item referred to herein.
With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.
However, such opinionsrepresent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individu-
als do not speak on behalfof AWS, nor dothese oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations
of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be usedas a substitute for an official interpretation.
This standardis subject to revision at any time by the AWS Filler Metal Committee.It mustbe reviewed every five years
and if not revised, it must beeither reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and
any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS
Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Filler Metal Committee andthe author of
the comments will be informed of the Committee’s responseto the comments. Guestsare invited to attend all meetings
of the AWS Filler Metal Committeeto express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision
concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copyof
these Rules can be obtained fromthe American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida33126.

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 Personnel
AWS Committee on Filler Metal

D. J. Kotecki, Chairman The Lincoln Electric Company

R. A. LaFave, Ist Vice Chairman Elliott Company
J. P. Hunt, 2nd Vice Chairman Inco Alloys International
J. C. Meyers. Secretary American Welding Society
B. Anderson Alcotec
R. L. Bateman* Electromanufacturas S A
R. A. Bonneau US Army MTL
R. S. Brown Carpenter Technology Corporation
R. A. Bushey ESAB Group, Incorporated
J. Caprarola, Jr. ESAB Group, Incorporated
L. J. Christensen* Consultant
R. J. Christofsel Consultant
D. J. Crement Precision Components Corporation
D. D. Crockett The Lincoln Electric Company
R. A. Daernen Hobart Brothers Company
D. A. DelSignore Westinghouse Electric Company
H. W. Ebert Exxon Research and Engineering
S. E. Ferree ESAB Group, Incorporated
D. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Company
G. Hallstrom, Jr. USNRC-RI1
R. L. Harris* R. L. Harris Associates
D. C. Helton Consultant
W. S. Howes National Electrical Manufacturers Association
R. W. Jud Chrysler Corporation
R. B. Kadiyala Techalloy Maryland, Incorporated
G. A. Kurisky Maryland Specialty Wire
N. E. Larson Union Carbide, Industrial Gas Division
A. S. Laurenson Consultant
G. H. Macshane MAC Associates
L. M. Malik* Materials Technology Center
M. T. Merlo Stoody Company
S. J. Merrick McKay Welding Products
A. R. Mertes Ampco Metal, Incorporated
J. W. Mortimer Consultant
C. L. Null Department of the Navy
Y. Ogata* -
Kobe Steel Limited Welding Division
J. Payne Schneider Services International
R. L. Peaslee Wall Colmonoy Corporation
E. W. Pickering, Jr. Consultant
M. A. Quintana General Dynamics Corporation
H. F. Reid* Consultant
S. D, Reynolds, Jr.* Westinghouse Electric PGBU
L. F. Roberts Canadian Welding Bureau
D. Rozet Consultant
*Advisor

...
111

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 AWS A5.22 75 W 0384265 0505034 627

AWS Committee on Filler Metal (continued)

P. K. Saivesen American Bureau of Shipping
O.W. Seth Chicago Bridge andIron Company
W. A. Shopp* SAE
M.S. Sierdzinski ESAB Group, Inc.
R. W. Straiton* Bechtel Group, Incorporated
R. A. Sulit Sulit Engineering
R. D. Sutton L-TEC Welding and Cutting Systems
R. A. Swain Thyssen Welding Products
J. W. Tackett Consultant
R. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and Company
R. Timerman* Conarco, S. A.
R. T.Webster Teledyne Wah Chang
H. D. Wehr Arcos Alloys, Incorporated
A. E. Wiehe* Consultant
W. L. Wilcox* Consultant
F. J. Winsor* Consultant
K. G. Wold Consultant

AWS Subcommittee on Stainless Steel Filler Metals

D. A. DelSignore. Chairman Westinghouse Electric
J. C. Meyers, Secretary American Welding Society
F. S. Babish Sandvik Steel Company
R. S. Brown Carpenter Technology Corporation
R. A. Bushey ESAB Group, Incorporated
R. J. Christofsel* Consultant
D. D. Crockett The LincolnElectric Company
J. G. Feldstein Foster WheelerEnergy Corporation
Lee Flasche Haynes International, Incorporated
A. L. Gombach' Champion Welding Products, Incorporated
B. Herbert* United Technologies-Elliott
J. P. Hunt Inco Alloys International
R. C. Jewel1 Polymet Corporation
R. B, Kadiyala Techalloy Maryland, Incorporated
G. A. Kurisky Maryland Specialty Wire
W. E. h y o * Sandvik Steel Company
G. H. Macshane MAC Associates
M. T. Merlo Stoody Company
A. H. Miller* Defense Industrial Supply Center
Y. Ogata* Kobe Steel, Limited
S. R. Pate1 Consultant
E. W. Pickering, Jr. Consultant
L. J. Privoznik* Consultant
J. Qu Hobart Brothers Company
H.F. Reid* Consultant
C. E. Ridenour Tri-Mark, Incorporated
D. Rozet Consultant
S. P. Sathi Westinghouse Electric Corporation
R. A. Swain Thyssen Welding Products
R. Timerman* CONARCO, S.A.
H. D. Wehr Arcos Alloys Incorporated
W. L. Wilcox* Consultant
D. W. Yonker, Jr. National Standard Company
*Advisor

iv

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 AWS A5022 95 H 07842b.5 0505035 5 6 3

Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of ANSIIAWS A5.22-95,Specificationfor Stainless Steel Electrodes
for Flux Cored Arc
Welding and Stainless Steel Flux Cored Rods for GasTungsten Arc Welding,but is included for information purposes
only.)
The first AWS specification for stainless steel electrodes for flux cored arc welding was issued in 1974 and approved
by the American National StandardsInstitute a year later. The revision history is shown below:
AWS A5.22-14 Specìjlcation for Flux Cored Corrosion-Resisting
ANSI W3.22-1975 Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel
Electrodes
AWS
A5.22-80 Specification for Flux Cored Corrosion-Resisting
Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Electrodes
Comments and inquiries concerning this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Managing Director,
Technical ServicesDivision, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126.
Official interpretations of any of thetechnical requirements of this standard may beobtained by sending arequest, in
writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society. A formal reply will be
issued after it has been reviewed by the appropriate personnel followingestablished procedures.

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 AWS A5.22 95 W 0784265 050503b 4 T T W

Table of Contents
Page No.
Personnel .................................................................................................................................................................... 111
...
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... V
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................. vii
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................... vii

1. Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Part A.
General Requirements
2. Classification ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
3. Acceptance .................................................................................................................................. ........................ 1
4. Certification ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
5. Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure ................................................................................................. 3

Part B .
Tests. Procedures. and Requirements
6. Summary of Tests ................................................................................................................................................ 4
7. Retest .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
8. Weld Test Assemblies ......................................................................................................................................... 4
9. Chemical Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 12
1o. Radiographic Test.............................................................................................................................................. 12
11. Tension Test ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
12. Bend Test ........................................................................................................................................................... 15
13. Impact Test (E316LKTO-3 Electrodes Only).................................................................................................... 16
14. Fillet Weld Test .................................................................................................................................................. 16

Part C .
Manufacture. Identification. and Packaging
15. Method of Manufacture ..................................................................................................................................... 18
16. Standard Sizes .................................................................................................................................................... 18
17. Finish and Uniformity ........................................................................................................................................ 18
18. Standard Package Forms .................................................................................................................................... 18
19. Winding Requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 21
20 . Filler Metal Identification .................................................................................................................................. 21
21. Packaging ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
22. Marking of Packages ......................................................................................................................................... 22

Annex .
Guide to AWS Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
and
Stainless Steel Flux Cored Rodsfor Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Al . Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
A2 . Classification System ......................................................................................................................................... 23
A3 . Acceptance ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
A4 . Certification ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
A5 . Ventilation During Welding .............................................................................................................................. 26
A6 . Ferrite in Weld Deposits .................................................................................................................................... 26
A7 . Description and Intended Use of Electrodes and Rods ..................................................................................... 29
A8 . Special Tests ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
A9 . Safety Considerations ........................................................................................................................................ 34
AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents............................................................. Inside Back Cover

vi

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 AWS A 5 - 2 2 95 0784265 0505037 336

List of Tables
Table Page No .
1 Chemical Composition Requirements for Undiluted Weld Metal ............................................................ 2
2 Required Shielding Medium. Polarity. and Welding Process ................................................................... 3
3 Examples of Potentially Occurring Dual Classified Electrodes ................................................................ 3
4 Required Tests ............................................................................................................................................ 4
5 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements for Groove Weld Test Assemblies ............................ 10
6 Tension Test Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 11
7 Standard Electrode and Rod Sizes and Tolerances .................................................................................... 18
8 Standard Dimensions for Coils, with and without Support. and Drums ................................................... 19
9 Packaging Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 19

List of Figures
Figure Page No.
1 Pad for Chemical Analysis of Undiluted Weld Metal ............................................................................... 5
2 Groove Weld Assembly for Tension. Impact. and Radiographic Tests .................................................... 6
3A Groove Weld Assembly for Face Bend Test ............................................................................................. 7
3B Groove Weld Assembly for Root Bend Test ............................................................................................. 8
4 Preparation of Fillet Weld Test Specimen ................................................................................................. 9
5A Rounded Indication Standards for Radiographic Test - 1/2 in . Plate ..................................................... 13
5B Rounded Indication Standards for Radiographic Test -314 in . Plate ..................................................... 14
6 Tension Test Specimen ............................................................................................................................... 15
7 Orientation and Location of Impact Test Specimen .................................................................................. 16
8 Fillet Weld Test Specimen and Dimensional Requirements ..................................................................... 17
9 Dimensions of Standard 4 in . (100 mm) Spool .......................................................................................... 20
10 Dimensions of Standard 8. 12. and 14 in. (200. 300. and 350 mm) Spools .............................................. 20
11 Dimensions of 22. 24. and 30 in . (550, 600. and 750 mm) Spools ........................................................... 21
Al Classification System .................................................................................................................................. 24
A2 WRC-1992 (FN) Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal ....................................................................... 28
A3 Espy Percent Ferrite Diagram for Stainless Weld Metal ........................................................................... 29
A4 DeLong (FN) Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal ............................................................................. 30

vii

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 AWS A 5 . 2 2 95 0784265 0505038 2 7 2

Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes

for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless Steel
Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

1. Scope Part A
General Requirements
1.1 This specification prescribes requirements for the
classification of stainless steel electrodes for flux cored
arc welding and flux cored rods for root pass welding
with the gas tungsten arc process.' It includes only those
products whose cores contain nonmetallic ingredients
2. Classification
comprising at least 5 wt.% of the electrode or rod?
2.1 The welding electrodes and rods covered by this
specification are classified according to the chemical
1.2 The chromium content of undiluted weld metal from
composition of the undiluted weld metal, as specified in
these electrodes and rods is not less than 10.5 ~ t . % ~
nominal and the iron content exceeds that of any other Table 1, the position of welding, the shielding medium,
element. For purposesof classification, the iron content and type of weldingcurrent with which they are used, as
shall be derived as the balance element when all other specified in Table2.
elements are considered to be set at their specified mini-
mum values. 2.2 Electrodes and rods classified under one classifica-
tion may be classified under any other classification of
this specification provided they meet all the requirements
for those classifications. Table 3 lists a number of exam-
ples of such dual classification.
1.InANSVAWS A5.22-80, stainless steel classifications for
98% Argon - 2% Oxygen gas shielding existed (EXXXT-2).
The combination of a slag covering and this shielding gas has
been found to be inappropriate for flux cored arc welding and
the EXXXT-2 Classifications have therefore been deleted from
3. Acceptance
A5.22-95.
2. Stainless steel products with less than 5 wt.% non-metallic Acceptance4 of the material shall be in accordance
content are properly classified as metal cored electrodes or rods with the provisions of ANSVAWS A5.01, Filler Metal
according to ANSYAWS A5.9, Specificationfor Bare Stainless Procurement Guidelines.'
Steel Welding Electrodes andRods.
3. This revision includes the E502T-X and E505T-X classifi-
cations. These electrodes (although they may have differing 4. See Section A3, Acceptance (in the Annex), for further
designators) will also be included in the next revision of ANSY information concerning acceptance, testing of material shipped,
AWS A5.29, Specificationfor Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for and ANSIJAWSA5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines.
Flux Cored Arc Welding.They will be deleted from this specifi- 5 . American Welding Society standards can be obtained from
cation (ANSYAWS A5.22) in the first revision following their the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road,
incorporation in ANSI/AWS A5.29. Miami, Florida 33 126.

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 2
AWS A 5 - 2 2 95 = 0784265 0505039 L O 9

Table 1
Chemical Composition Requirements for Undiluted Weld Metal
Weight Percent"
AWS CbW)
Classification' Numb8 C Cr Mn +Ta
Ni Mo si P S N Cu
E307TX-X W30731 013 18.0-20.5 9.0-10.5 0.5-1.5 - 3.30-4.75 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E308TX-X W30831 0.08 18.0-21.0 9.0-11.0 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E308LTX-X W30835 0.04 18.0-21.0 9.0-11.0 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E308HTX-X
W30831 0.04-0.08 18.0-21.0 9.0-11.0 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E308MoTX-X
W30832 0.08 18.0-21.0 9.0-11.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E308LMoTX-X
W30838 0.04 18.0-21.0 9.0-12.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
W30931
E309TX-X 0.10 22.0-25.0 12.0-14.0 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E309LCbTX-X
W30932 0.04 22.0-25.0 12.0-14.0 0.5 0.70-1.00 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
W30935
E309LTX-X 0.04 22.0-25.0 12.0-14.0 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E309MoTX-X
W30939 0.12 21.0-25.0 12.0-16.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E309LMoTX-X
W30938 0.04 21.0-25.0 12.0-16.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E309LNiMoTX-XW30936 0.04 20.5-23.5 15.0-17.0 2.5-3.5 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E3 IOTX-X W31031 0.20 25.0-28.0 20.0-22.5 0.5 - 1.0-2.5 1.0 0.03 0.03 - 0.5
E3 12TX-X W31331 0.15 28.0-32.0 8.0-10.5 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E3 16TX-X W31631 0.08 17.0-20.0 11.0-14.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E3 16LTX-X W31635 0.04 17.0-20.0 11.0-14.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E317LTX-X W31735 0.04 18.0-21.0 12.0-14.0 3.0-4.0 - 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E347TX-X W34731 0.08 18.0-21.0 9.0-11.0 0.5 8 xCmin. 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
1.O max.
E409TX-Xe W40931 0.10 10.5-13.5 0.60 0.5 - 0.80 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
MlOTX-X W41031 0.12 11.0-13.5 0.60 0.5 - 1.2 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E410NiMoTX-X W41036 0.06 11.0-12.5 4.0-5.0 0.40-0.70 - I .o 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E410NiTiTX-Xe W41038 0.04 11.0-12.0 3.6-4.5 0.5 - 0.70 0.50 0.03
0.03 - 0.5
E43OTX-X
W43031 0.10 0.60
15.0-18.0 0.5 - 1.2 0.03
1.0 0.04 - 0.5
E502TX-Xf W50231 0.10 4.0-6.0 0.45-0.65
0.40 - 1.2 1.0 0.04
0.03 - 0.5
E505TX-X' W50431 0.10 8.0-10.5 0.40 0.85-1.20 - I .2 1.0 0.04
0.03 - 0.5
E307TO-3 W30733 0.13 19.5-22.0 9.0-10.5 0.5-1.5 - 3.30-4.75 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E308TO-3 W30833 0.08 19.5-22.0 9.0-1 1.O 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E308LTO-3 W30837 0.03 19.5-22.0 9.61 I .O 0.5 - 0.5-2.50.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E308HTO-3 W30833 0.04-0.08 19.5-22.0 9.0-1 1.O 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E308MoTO-3 W30839 0.08 18.0-21.0 9.0-11.0 2.0-3.0 - 1.0 0.5-2.5 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E308LMoTO-3 W30838 0.03 18.0-21.0 9.0-12.0 2.0-3.0 0.04
- 1.00.5-2.5 0.03 - 0.5
E308HMoTO-3 W30830 0.07-0. 12 19.0-21.5 9.0-10.7 1.8-2.4 - 1.25-2.25
0.25-0.80 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E309TO-3 W30933 o. 10 23.0-25.5 12.0-14.0 0.5 0.04- 1.0 0.5-2.5 0.03 - 0.5
E309LTO-3 W30937 0.03 23.0-25.5 12.0-14.0 0.5 0.04- 1.0 0.5-2.5 0.03 - 0.5
E309LCbTO-3 W30934 0.03 23.0-25.5 12.0-14.0 0.5 0.70-1.00 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E309MoTO-3 W30939 0.12 21.0-25.0 12.0-16.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E309LMoTO-3 W30938 0.04 21.0-25.0 12.0-16.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E3 1OTO-3 W3 103
1 0.20 25.0-28.0 20.0-22.5 0.5 - 1.0-2.5 0.03 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E3 12TO-3 W31231 0.15 28.0-32.0 8.0-10.5 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E3 16TO-3 W31633 0.08 18.0-20.5 11.0-14.0 2.0-3.0 0.04
- 1.00.5-2.5 0.03 - 0.5
E3 16LM-3 W31637 0.03 18.0-20.5 11.0-14.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E3 16LKTO-3g W31630 0.04 17.0-20.0 11.0-14.0 2.0-3.0 - 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E3 17LTO-3 W31737 0.03 18.5-2 1.O 13.0-15.0 3.0-4.0 - 0.5-2.5 0.04 1.0 0.03 - 0.5
E347TO-3 W34733 0.08 19.0-21.5 9.0-11.0 80.5 X Cmin. 0.5-2.5
0.04
1.0 0.03 - 0.5
1.O max.
E409TO-3e W40931 0.10 10.5-13.5 0.60 0.5 - 0.80 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E4 1OTO-3 W41031 0.12 11.0-13.5 0.60 0.5 - 1.o 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E410NiMoTO-3 W41036 0.06 11.0-12.5 4.0-5.0 0.4C-O.70 - I .o 1.0 0.04 0.03 - 0.5
E410NiTiTO-3e W41038 0.04 11.0-12.0 3.64.5 0.5 - 0.70 0.50 0.03 0.03 - 0.5
W43031
E430TO-3 0.5 0.60
15.0-18.0
0.10 - 1.o 1.00.03 0.04 - 0.5
E2209TO-X W39239 0.04 21.0-24.0 7.5-10.0 2.5-4.0 - 0.5-2.0 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.08-2.0
0.5
E2553TO-X
W39533 24.0-27.0
8.5-10.5
0.04
2.9-3.9 - 0.75
0.5-1.5 0.04 0.10-0.20
1.5-2.5
0.03
EXXXTX-G~ Specified Not
0.5
9.0-11.0
18.0-21.0
R308LT1-5
0.03
W30835 0.03 0.04
- 1.20.5-2.5 - 0.5
R309LT1-5 W30935 0.03 22.0-25.0
12.0-14.0 0.5 - 0.5-2.5 0.03
0.041.2 - 0.5
17.0-20.0
11.0-14.0
R316LT1-5
2.0-3.0
0.03
W31635 0.03-0.04 1.20.5-2.5 - 0.5
R347T1-5 W34731 0.08 18.0-21.0
9.0-11.0 0.5 8xCmin. 0.5-2.5 0.03 0.041.2 - 0.5
1.O max.
(continued)

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 AWS A5022 95 = 078q2b5 0505040 920 M
3

Table 1 (continued)
a. The weld metal shall be analyzed for the specific elements in this table. If the presence of other elements is indicated in the course ofthis work, the
amount of those elements shall be determined to ensure that their total (excluding iron) does not exceed 0.50%.
b. Single values shown are maximum.
c. In this table, the “X” following the “T” refers to the position of welding (1 for all-position operation or O for flat orhorizontal operation) and the
“X’ following the dash refers to the shielding medium (-1, -4, or -5) as shown in the AWS Classification column in Table 2. For information con-
cerning the “G”,see A2.3.7 and A2.3.8 of the Annex. In A5.22-80, the position of welding was not included in the classification. Accordingly, elec-
trodes classified herein as either EXXXTO-I or EXXXTI-1 would both have been classified EXXXT-I and so forth.
d. ASTWSAE Unified Number System for Metals and Alloys.
e. Titanium - 10 x C min., 1.5% max.
f. See footnote 3 on page 1.
g. This alloy is designed for cryogenic applications.
h. See A2.3.7 and A2.3.8.

Table 2
Required Shielding Medium, Polarity, and Welding Process
AWS Classificationa.
External Shielding
Process
Welding
Polarity
MediumC
Welding

EXXXTX- 1 FCAW
CO2 DCEP
EXXXTX-3 none (self-shielded) DCEP FCAW
EXXXTX-4 75-80% Argonhemainder CO, DCEP FCAW
RXXXTl-5 100% Argon DCEN GTAW

EXXXTX-G Not Specifiedd Not Specifiedd FCAW

RXXXT 1-G Not Specifiedd GTAW
Specifiedd Not

Notes:
a. See 1. I and its footnote I regarding the elimination of the EXXXT-2 classifications that existed in the previous revision of this document.
b. The letters “XXX’ stand for the designation of the chemical composition (see Table 1). The “X’ after the “T” designates the position of operation.
A “ O indicates flat or horizontal operation; a “1” indicates all position operation.
c. The requirement for the use of specified external shielding medium shall not be construed to restrict the use of any other medium for which the elec-
trodes are found suitable, for any application other than the classification tests.
d. See A2.3.7 to A2.3.9 for additional information.

Table 3 product, the manufacturer certifies that theproduct meets

the requirements of this specification.
Examples of Potentially Occurring
Dual Classified Electrodes
Primary
Classification
Alternate
Classification
5. Units of Measure and
E308HTX-1 E308TX-1
E308LTX-1 E308TX-1
Rounding-Off Procedure
E308LTO-3 E308TO-3
5.1 U.S. customary units are the standard units of mea-
E308LTX-1 E308LTX-4
E309LT1-1 E309TO-1 sure in this specification. The SI units are given as equiv-
alent values to the U.S. customary units. The standard
Note: The “ X ’ after the “T” designates the position of operation. A
“0” indicates flat or horizontal operation; a “1” indicates all position sizes and dimensions in the two systems are not identi-
operation. cal, and for this reason conversion from a standard size
or dimension in one system will not always coincide with
a standard size or dimension in the other. However, suit-
4. Certification able conversions, encompassing standard sizes of both,
By affixing the AWS specification6 and classification can be made if appropriate tolerances are applied in each
designations to the packaging, or the classification to the case.

5.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with

6. See Section A4, Certification (in theAnnex),forfurther this specification, an observed or calculated value shall
informationconcerningacceptanceandtestingcalled for t o be rounded to the nearest 1000 psi for tensile and yield
meet this requirement. strength, and to the “nearest unit” in the last right-hand

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AWS A 5 - 2 2 95 = 0784265 0 5 0 5 0 4 1 ab7

place of figures used in expressing the limiting value for largest size manufactured. When required by Table4, the
other quantities in accordance with the rounding-off fillet weld tests shall be conducted on all diameters
method given inASTM E29,Recommended Practice for manufactured.
Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Con-
formance with Specifications?
7. Retest
If the results of any test fail to meet the requirement,
that test shall be repeated twice. The results of both re-
Part B tests shall meet the requirement. Specimens for retest
Tests, Procedures, and Requirements may be taken from the original test assembly or a new
test assembly. For chemical analysis, retest need be only
for those specific elements that failed to meetthe test
requirement.
6. Summary of Tests
6.1 The tests required for each classification are speci-
fied in Table4. The purposeof these tests is to determine 8. Weld Test Assemblies
the chemical composition,the mechanical properties, the 8.1 Between two and four weld test assemblies are re-
usability and the soundness of the weld metal. The base quired (according tothe classification under test) for the
metal for the weld test assemblies, the welding and test- tests specified in Table4.They are as follows:
ing procedures to be employedand the results required
(1) The weld pad in Figure 1 for chemical analysis of
are given in Sections 8 through 14.
the undiluted weld metal
6.2 Chemical analysis is required from weld metal from (2) The groove weld in Figure 2 for tension, impact,
each size of electrode and rod. The tests for mechanical and radiographic testing of the weld metal
properties and soundness are conducted on weld metal (3) The grooveweld in Figure 3 for the bend test
from the 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) size of electrode and rod. In (4) The fillet weld in Figure 4 for usability of the elec-
any case in which that size is not manufactured, the size trode or r o d
closest to it that is manufactured shall be used forthe The sample for chemical analysis may be taken from
classification tests. The bend tests are conducted on the the reducedsection of the fractured tension test specimen
or from a corresponding location (or any location above
it) in the groove weld in Figure 2, thereby avoiding the
7. ASTh4 specifications may be obtained from ASTM, 1916 need to make the weld pad. In case of dispute, the weld
Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. pad shall be the referee method.

Table 4
Required Tests
Chemical Radiographic Tension Face Bend Root Bend Impact Fillet Weld
Analysis Test
Test Test Test Test Test

E2XXXTO-X Required Required Required

NR* NR* NR* NR*
E3XXTO-X Required Required Required Required
NR* NR* NR*
E3 16LKTO-3 Required Required Required Required NR* Required NR*
E4XXTO-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* NR*
ESXXTO-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* NR*
E2XXXT1-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* Required
E3XXTl -X Required Required Required Required NR* NR* Required
E4XXT 1-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* Required
ESXXTI-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* Required
R3XXTl-5 Required Required Required NR* Required NR* NR*
*Not required (see A2.3.8).

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 AWS A5022 95 0784265 0505042 7 T 3 M
5

WELD METAL

‘I
H, HEIGHT

LBASEMETAL

Minimum
Minimum
Distance
Size,PadWeld
of Sample from Surface
L Diameter W H Plate of Base
AWS Classification
in. mm
mm in.in. mm
mm in.
in. mm
0.900.035
0.045
3 1.2 75 314
1 19 I2
318 12.7 9.5
E3XXTX-X 1.3 0.052
E316LKTO-3
E4XXTX-X 1/16 1.6
75 314 19 518 16 1I2 12.7
E5XXTX-X 5/64 2.0

5/64 2.0
R3XXT1-5 0.087 2.2 3143 75 19 W8 10 1I4 7.0
3/32 2.4
Number of passes per layeris optional,
Notes:
a. Width and thickness of the base plate may be any dimensions suitable for the electrode diameter and current use.
b. The first and last inch (25 mm) of the weld length shall be disregarded. The top surface shall be removed and chemical analysis
samples shall be taken from the underlying metal of topthelayer of the remaining deposited metal.
c. The use of copper chill bars is optional.

Figure 1-Pad for Chemical Analysisof Undiluted Weld Metal

8.2 Preparation of each weld test assembly shall be as ing any of the E3XXTX-X classifications. Optionally,
prescribed in 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5. Base metal for each as- the steel may conform to one of the following specifica-
sembly shall conform to the following, or an equivalent: tions or their equivalents, providing two buttering layers
of filler metal as shown in Figure 2, are deposited in
8.2.1 The base metal shall be steel (carbon, alloy, stringer beads using electrodes or rods of the same classi-
stainless steel or ingot iron) of 0.25 percent carbon, fication as that being classified.
maximum, for chemical analysis of all electrode classifi-
(1) ASTM specification A285, Pressure Vessel
cations except those with 0.04 wt.% carbon or less (low-
Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile
carbon classifications). For chemical analysis of these
Strength, Grade C
low-carbon classifications, the base metal shall be steel
of 0.03 percent maximum carbon or other steels having; a (2) ASTM specification A36, Structural Steel
I

carbon content of 0.25 percent maximum withthe further (3) ASTM specification A515, Pressure Vessel
restrictions specified
8.3.2.in Plates,
Intermediate-and
Carbon
for
Steel, Higher-
Temperature Service, Grade 70
8.2.2 For the all-weld-metal tension, radiographic,
and impact tests, the steel to be used shall be of a match- 8.2.3 For the face bend test, the base metal shall be of
ing type. Type 304 stainless steel may be used whentest- a matching type or Type 304 stainless steel.

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 AWS A5022 95 07842b5 05050Y3 63T
6

I I I L A YtRS

I I

5"MAXIMUM (FOR CARBONSTEELTESTPLATES)

45%5" ALLOWABLE
w-4 DISTORTION

and
A B for
carbon
steel
test
plates. SI Equivalents
in. mm
(FOR
TEST PLATES OF MATCHING COMPOSITION)
C fortestplates ofmatchingcomposition -
114
-
6.4
or Type 304 stainless steel for the
E3XXTX-X classifications only. 25 1 SECTION A - A
5 125
10 250

0 (R) Recommended
AWS Diameter
Plate
Thickness Root Openings
Recommended
Passes
Layer
per
Number of
Classification
in. Layers
mm Top to in.
3Layer2 mm
and 1Layer
mmin.
~~

9.5 318 12.7 112 0.9 0.035 1 or2 2,3, or 4 6 to 9

0.045 1.2
1.4 0.052
E3XXTX-X
1.6 1/16 314 19 31a1 9.5 or2 or 2 3' 5 to a
E316LKTO-3 2.0
E4XXTX-X
2.4 3/32
ESXXTX-X
E2XXXTX-X 7/64 2.8
1/a 3.2 314 19 318 9.5 1 3'
or2 or 2 6 4 to
5/32 4.0
5/64 2.0
2.2R3XXT1-5
0.087 6.4 114 12.7 112 13'o r 2 or 2 5 to a
2.4 3/32
"Final layer may be
4 passes.
Notes:
1. The dimensions for the tensile test specimen shall conform to Figure 6.
2. For E31 6LKTO-3 test assemblies, length may be extended as needed for Charpy V-notch impact specimens.

Figure 2-Groove Weld Assembly for Tension, Impact, and Radiographic Tests

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 AWS A S - 2 2 95 07842b5 0505044 57b M
7

m1$81 (TEST SPECIMEN)

-
I 6 MIN. 4- 3/84

r 5" MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DISTORTION

I i
ALLOWANCES " II--2 in. -4
FOR ALL SAW CUTS
6 MIN.
r e z - ,
L-
I I
-
c

'
1

114 MIN.
(SEE DETAILA)

318 -
+ \
ygoO loo'
-50
1/16MAX

f: T
Í"
I

J
I
I

I
1
DETAILA

MIN.

SI Equivalents All dimensions except angles are in inches.

in. mm Electrode
Diameter
Suggested
Passes
Per
Layer
Suggested
"

1.6 1/16
lia 3.2 in. Layer
mm 1 Layers 2 toNumber
Top of Layers
1I4 6.4 0.035
3/8 9.5 0.045
1I2 12.7 1116 2 to 3 310 5
1 25 5/64 2.0
2 50 3/32 2.4
6 150
7/64
1/a
5/32
::;}
4.0
1 1 to2 2 to 4

'Top layer must be 2 passes minimum.

Figure 3A"Groove Weld Assembly for Face Bend Test

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 a
AWS A5.22 95 = 07842b5 0505045 402

6 MIN.

5' MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DISTORTION

I
(SEE DETAIL A)

my 1/32 - 1/16
ROOT LAND DlMENSiON
DETAIL A
J
,,,
"

3/32
1
I

- 118

NOTE: Remove amount of material necessary to clean up root surface.

Material removed should not exceed 1/64 in. (0.4 mm).

Si Equivalents All dimensions except anglesare in inches.

in.
"
mm Dimeter Layer Per Passes
1/32 0.8
1116 1.6 AWS Layer 3 to
3/32 2.4 Classification
Layer mm in. Layers 1 2 Completion
1l8
38
1R
3.2
9.5
12.7
R3XXT1-5
332
fZ }
2.4
1 1 As required
2 50
6 150

Figure 3B"Groove Weld Assembly for Root Bend Test

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 9

r AXIS OF WELD HORIZONTAL

L PLATE
HORIZONTAL
AXIS OF WELD
VERTICAL

VERTICAL FILLET WELDS OVERHEAD FILLET WELDS

Flange to be straight andin intimate contactwith square

machined edgeof web member along entire length to
insure maximum restraint.
SI Equivalents
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS EXCEPT ANGLES ARE IN INCHES. in. mm
-~
W8 9.5
2 50
3 75
8 200

Figure 4-Preparation of Fillet Weld Test Specimen

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 AWS A5.22 95 0784265 0505047 285
10

8.2.4 For the fillet weld test, the steel to be used shall
conform to the following specifications: Table 5
(1) For 300 series electrodes-matching or Type 304 Preheat and lnterpass
stainless steel Temperature Requirementsfor
(2) For 400 or 500 series electrodes-matching or Groove Weld Test Assemblies
carbon steel
Temperature
(3) For duplex alloy electrodes-matching or Type
304 stainless steel Minimum Maximum
8.3 Weld Pad AWS
Classification "F "C "F "C
8.3.1 A weld pad shall be prepared as shown in Fig-
ure 1 (except when one of the alternatives to a weld16 pad E2XXXTX-X
60 300 150
in 8.1 is selected). Base metal as specified in 8.2 shall be E3XXTX-X 60 16 300 150
R3XXTl-5 60 16 300 150
used as the base for the weld pad.The surface of the base JXXXTX-X* 300 150 500 260
metal on which the filler metal is deposited shall be ESXXTX-X 300 150 500 260
clean. The pad shall be welded in the flat position with EXXXTX-X Not Specified
multiple beads and multiple layers to obtain undiluted
weld metal. The preheat temperature shall be not less *Except for E4IOTX-X,which shall be 400°F (204°C) minimum pre-
heat and 600°F (316°C) maximum interpass temperature.
than 60°F (16°C). Theslag shall be removed after each
pass. The amperageor wire feed speed and the arc volt-
age shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. The
shielding medium and polarity shall be as specified in
Table 2. The pad may be quenched in water between 1 in. (25 mm) from the centerline of the weld. These
passes (if the pad is to be usedfor ferrite determination, temperatures are required also for all buttering passes.
see A6.9). The dimensionsof the completed pad shall be After eachpass, the assembly shall be allowed to coolin
as shown in Figure 1, for each size of electrode or rod. air (not quenched in water) to a temperature within the
Testing of this assembly shall be as specified in Section range specified in Table5.
9, Chemical Analysis. 8.4.1.4 The assembly shall be tested as specified
8.3.2 The pad shall be at least four layers high. More in Sections 10, 1 1 , and 13 with or without a postweld
than four layers may be requiredto obtain undiluted weld heat treatment as specified in Table 6, for the classifica-
metal when base metal containing more than 0.03 per- tion under test.
cent carbon is used with the low-carbon classifications 8.4.2 Bend Test
(i.e., those with theletter "L" in the designation).
8.4.2.1 A test assembly shall be prepared and
8.4 Groove Weld welded as shown in Figure 3A or 3B, as applicable, and
8.4.1 Mechanical Properties and Soundness specified in 8.4.2.2 through 8.4.2.4 using base metal of
the appropriate type specified in 8.2.2.
8.4.1.1 A test assembly shall be prepared and
welded as specified in Figure 2 and in 8.4.1.2 and 8.4.2.2 The test assembly shall be welded in the
8.4.1.3, using base metal of the appropriate type speci- flat position using the shielding medium, polarity, and
fied in 8.2.2. welding process specified in Table 2, and the amperage
or wire feed speed and arc voltage recommendedby the
8.4.1.2 The test assembly shall be welded in the manufacturer. The test assembly shall be preset or suffi-
flat position using the shielding medium and polarity ciently restrained to prevent warpage in excess of five
shown in Table 2, and the amperage or wire feed speed degrees. A welded test assembly that has warped more
and arc voltage recommended by the manufacturer. The than five degrees shall be discarded. Weld test assem-
test assembly shall be preset or sufficiently restrained blies shall not be straightened.
during welding to prevent warpagein excess of five de-
grees. A welded test assembly thathas warped more than 8.4.2.3 The preheat and interpass temperatures
shall be as specified in Table 5. Those temperatures are
five degrees shall be discarded. Welded test assemblies
shall not be straightened. measured mid-length of the assembly at a distance of
1 in. (25 mm) from the centerline of the weld. After each
8.4.1.3 The preheat and interpass temperatures pass, the assembly shall be allowed to cool in air (not
shall be as specified in Table 5. These temperatures are quenched in water) to a temperature within the range
measured mid-length of the assembly at a distance of specified in Table 5.

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11

Table 6
Tension Test Requirements
Tensile Strength, minimum
Elongation
Percent, Postweld
AWS Classificationa ksi MPa Min. Heat Treatment

E307TX-X 30 590 None

E308TX-X 35 80 550 None
E308LTX-X
520 75 35 None
E308HTX-X 80 550 35 None
E308MoTX-X 80 550 35 None
E308LMoTX-X
520 75 35 None
E309TX-X 80 550 30 None
E309LCbTX-X
520 75 30 None
E309LTX-X
520 75 30 None
E309MoTX-X
550 80 25 None
E309LMoTX-X 25 75 520 None
E309LNiMoTX-X
520 75 25 None
E3 1OTX-X 80 550 30 None
E3 12TX-X
660 95 22 None
E3 16TX-X
520 75 30 None
E3 16LTX-X
485 70 30 None
E317LTX-X
520 75 20 None
E347TX-X
520 75 30 None
E409TX-X
450 65 15 None
E4 1OTX-X 520 75 20 (b)
E410NiMoTX-X 110 760 15 (c)
E4 1ONiTiTX-X 110 760 15 (4
E43OTX-X
450 65 20 (4
E502TX-X
415 60 20 (e)
ESOSTX-X 60 415 20 (e)
E308HMoTO-3 80 550 30 None
E3 16LKTO-3 70 485 30 None
E2209TX-X 1O0 690 20 None
E2553TX-X 110 760 15 None
EXXXTX-C Not Specified

R308LT1-5 75 520 35 None

R309LT1-5 30 75 520 None
R316LT1-5 70 485 30 None
R347T1-5
520 75 30 None
Notes:
a. In this table, the “ X following the ‘T” refers to the position of welding (1 for all-position or O for flat or horizontal operation) and the “ X follow-
ing the dash refers to the shielding medium (-1, -3 or -4) as shown in the AWS Classification.
b. The weld test assembly (or the blank from it, from which the tensile test specimen is to be machined) shall be heated to a temperature between 1350
and 1400°F (732 and 760°C).held for 1 hour, then furnace cooled to 600°F(316°C) at a rate not to exceed 100°F (SST) per hour, then cooled in air
to room temperature.
c. The weld test assembly (or the blank from it, from which the tensile test specimen is to be machined) shall be heated to a temperature between 1100
and 1150°F (593 and 621”C),held for 1 hour, then cooled in air to room temperature.
d. The weld test assembly (or the blank from it, from which the tensile test specimen is to be machined) shall be heated to a temperature between 1400
and 1450°F (760 and 788”C),held for 4 hours, then furnace cooled to 1100°F (593°C) at a rate not to exceed 100°F (55°C) per hour, then cooled in
air to room temperature.
e. The weld test assembly (or the blank from it, from which the tensile test specimen is to be machined) shall be heated to a temperature between 1550
and 1600°F (840and 87OoC),held for 2 hours, then furnace cooled to 1100°F (593°C) at a rate not to exceed 100°F (%OC) per hour, then cooled in
air to room temperature.

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8.4.2.4 The third and subsequent layers of the test 9.2.1 The samplefor analysis of weld metal from the
assembly for R3XXT1-5 rods may be welded witha sim- pad shall be taken from material above thethird layer of
ilar classification of shielded metal arc welding elec- weld metal and at least the minimum height above the
trodes, flux cored electrodes or rods, metal cored base metal asspecified in Figure 1. The sample shall be
electrodes or solid wire electrodes. free of sIag and all other foreignmaterials. The sample
may have to be taken from a higher level for weld
8.4.2.5 The assembly shall be tested as specified metal from the low-carbon classifications (those with the
in Section 12,Bend Test,in the as-welded condition. letter "L" in the designation), when base metalscontain-
8.5 Fillet Weld ing more than 0.03percent of carbon are used for the
pad.
8.5.1 Fillet weld tests, when required by Table 4,
shall be performed in the vertical and overhead positions. 9.23 The sample of weld metal from the reduced
A test assembly shall be prepared and welded as shown section of the fractured tension test specimen, or from a
irr Figure 4using base metal of the appropriate type spee- corresponding location (or any location above it) in the
ified in 8.2.4, and using the shielding medium and polar- groove weld in Figure 2, shall be prepared for analysis
ity shown in Table 2 and the amperage or wire feed speed by any suitable mechanical means.
and arc voltage recommended by the manufacturer. Test-
ing of the assembly shall be as specified in Section 14, 9 3 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted analytica€
methods. The referee method shall be ASTM Standard
FilIet Weld Test.
Method E353,Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Re-
8.5.2 In preparing the two plates forming the test sisting, Maraging and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-
assembly, the standing member (web) shall have one Iron Alloys.
edge preparedso that when the web is set upon the base
plate (flange), which shall be straight and smooth, there 9.4 The results of the analysis shall meet the require-
will be intimate contact along the entire length ofthe ments ofTabIe 1 for the classification of electrode or rod
joint. under test.

8.5.3 A single-pass fillet weld shall be deposited on

one side of the joint. When welding in the vertical posi-
tion, the welding shatl progress upwards. 10. Radiographic Test
8.5.4 After completingthe weld onthe first side of the 10.1 When required in Table 4, the groove weld de-
joint, the assembly shall be cooled to room temperature scribed in 8.4.1 and shown in Figure 2 shall be radio-
(but not less than 60°F [16OC}) by any convenient means graphed to evaluatethe soundness of the weld metal. In
before commencingto weld on the second side (see note preparation for radiography, the backing shall be re-
beIow). moved and both surfaces of the weld shall be machined
or ground smooth and flush with the original surfaces of
Note: If water is used as the coolant, care should
the base metal or with a uniform reinforcement not ex-
be taken that it has been thoroughly removed from
ceeding 3/32 in. (2.4 mm). Both surfaces of the test as-
the joint before beginning weldingon the second
sembly, in the area of the weld, shall be smooth enough
side.
to avoid difficulty in interpreting the radiograph.
8.5.5 The fillet weld shall be deposited on the second
side of the jointwith the same procedure used for the fil- 10.2 The weld shall be radiographedin accordance with
let weld on the first side. ASTM E142, Standard Methodfor Controlling Quality
ofRadiographic Testing. The quality level of inspection
shall be 2-2T.
10.3 The soundnessof the weld metal meets the require-
9. Chemical Analysis ments ofthis specification if the radiograph shows none
9.1 Flux cored electrodes and r o d s shall be analyzed in of the following:
the form of weld metal, notfiller metal. (1) cracks
9.2 The sample for analysis shalI be taken from weld (2) incomplete fusion
metal obtained fromeither the weld pad preparedaccord- (3) incomplete penetration
ing to 8.3 or one of the alternatives in 8.1 produced with (4) rounded indications in excess of those permitted
the .filler metal and shielding medium with which they by the radiographic standards in Figure 5A or 5B, as
are classified. applicable

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13

~~~~

(A) ASSORTED ROUNDEDINDICATIONS

SIZE 1/64 in.(0.4 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER
OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 13. WITH THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS:
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF LARGE 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm)IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS= 2.
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF MEDIUM 1/32 in.(0.8 mm) TO 3/64 in. (1.2 mm)IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS= 4.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SMALL 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS = 7.

(8) LARGE ROUNDED INDICATiONS

SIZE 3/64in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm)IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 6.

(C) MEDIUM ROUNDED INDICATIONS

SIZE 1/32 in.(0.8 mm) TO 3/64 in. (1.2 mm)IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 10.

O o
o
o o

(D) SMALL ROUNDEDINDICATIONS

SIZE 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/32 in.
(0.8 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm)OF WELD = 20.

Notes:
is most representativeof the size of the rounded indications presentin the test specimen
1. In using these standards, the chart which
radiograph shall be used for determining conformance to these radiographic standards.
2. Since these are test welds specifically made
in the laboratory for classification purposes,
the radiographic requirements for these
test welds are morerigid than those which maybe required for general fabrication.

Figure SA-Rounded Indication Standardsfor Radiographic Test-l/2 in. Plate

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 AWS A 5 . 2 2 95 078'4265 0505053 706
14

(A) ASSORTED ROUNDED INDICATIONS

StZE 1/64 in.(0.4 mm) TO 1/16in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm)OF WELD = 18, WITH THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS:
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF LARGE 3/64in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS = 3.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF MEDIUM 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) TO 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS= 5.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SMALL 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/32 in. (0.8mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS= 10.

e o e e
0
o
o
e

(B) LARGE ROUNDED INDICATIONS

SIZE 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm)
IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INDICATIONSIN ANY 6 in. (150 mm)OF WELD = 8.

(C) MEDIUM ROUNDEDINDICATIONS

SIZE 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) TO 3/64 in. (1.2 mm)IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF INDlCATlONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 15.

.
e o e
e
e e e e
e
e
o e e
e e b e
e e
e e e e e
e e

(D) SMALL ROUNDED INDICATIONS

SIZE 1/64 in.(0.4 mm) TO 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBEROF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 30.

Notes:
1. In using these standards, the chart which is most representative ofsize
theof the rounded indications presentin the test specimen
radiograph shall be used for determining conformance to these radiographic standards.
2. Since these are test welds specifically made in the laboratory for classification purposes, the radiographic requirements for these
test welds are more rigid than those which may be required for general fabrication.

Figure SB-Rounded Indication Standards for Radiographic Test-314 in. Plate

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 AUS A 5 - 2 2 95 m 0784265 0505052 642 m
15

(5)(a) in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of the 1/2 in. 11. Tension Test
(13 mm) thick test assembly: no individual slag inclusion
longer than 7/32 in. (5.6 mm) and a maximum total 11.1 One all-weld-metal tension test specimen shall be
length of 7/16 in. (11 mm) for all slag inclusions machined from the groove weld described in 8.4.1 and
(b) in any 6 in. (1 50 mm) length of the 3/4 in. shown in Figure 2. The dimensionsof the specimen shall
(19 mm) thick test assembly: noindividual slag inclusion be as shown in Figure 6.
in excess of 9/32 in. (7.1 mm) and a maximum total
length of 15/32 in. (12 mm) for all slag inclusions 11.2 The specimen shall be tested in the manner de-
scribed in the tension test section of ANSYAWS B4.0,
In evaluatingthe radiograph, 1 in. (25 mm) ofthe weld Standard Methods f o r Mechanical Testing of Welds.
on each endof the test assembly shall be disregarded.
11.3 The results of the tension test shall meetthe require-
10.3.1 A rounded indication is an indication (on the
ments specified in Table6.
radiograph) whose length is no more than three times its
width. Rounded indications may be circular or irregular
in shape, and they may have tails. The size of a rounded
indication is the largest dimension of the indication, in-
cluding any tail that maybe present. The indications may 12. Bend Test
be of porosity, or tungsten inclusions.
12.1 Electrodes
10.3.2 Indications whose largest dimension does not
exceed 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) shall be disregarded. Test as- 12.1.1 One longitudinal face bend specimen, as re-
semblies with indications in excess of the sizes permitted quired in Table 4,shall be machined from the groove
in the radiographic standards do not meet the require- weld test assembly described in 8.4.2 and shown in
ments of this specification. Figure 3A.

I
,
I
G

B - - -

G = GAUGE LENGTH
~ ~~

Dimensions of Specimen, in.

Test Assembly Approximate Area,
Thickness D G C in?B F, min.
W4 2.000
0.500f 0.010 i 0.005 2-114 W4 0.38 (W8) 0.2
142 0.250 f 0.005 1.O00 f 0.005 1-114 Y8 0.18 0.05
Dimensions of Specimen, mm
Test Assembly Approximate Area,
Thickness D G C B
mm2 F, min.
57 0.13 19 51 12.7 i 0.25 9.5 19 129
25.4 12.70.13 6.4 32 i 0.13 9.5 32 4.6
Notes:
1. Dimensions G and C shall be as shown, but the ends may be of any shape required to fit the testing machine, as long as the load is
kept axial.
2. The diameter of the specimen within the gage length shall be slightly smaller at the center than at the ends. The difference shall not
exceed one percent of the diameter.
3. The finish of the surface within the C dimension shall be no rougher than63 pin. (1.6 Pm).

Figure 6-Tension Test Specimen

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 AWS A5.22 95 078V265 0505053 589 m
16

12.1.2 Backing strip and weld reinforcement shall be

removed by machining. Grinding of the face surface of
the specimen shall follow. The comers onthe face side of
the specimen shallbe slightly rounded by filing or grind-
ing. The longitudinal face bend test specimen shall be
uniformly bent through 180 degrees over a radius of
3/4 in. (19 mm). Typical bending jigs are shown in
ANSYAWS B4.0. The specimen shall be positioned so WELD c /-
that the face of the weld is in tension.
Note: Specimen size to be in accordance with ANSVAWS 84.0,
12.1.3 After bending, the bend test specimen shall Standard Methodsfor Mechanical Testingof WeMs.
conform to the designated radius, with appropriate al-
lowance for springback, andthe weld metal shall show
no defects on the tension face greater than 1/8 in. Figure 7”Orientation and Location
(3.2 mm). of Impact Test Specimen
12.2 Rods

12.2.1 One longitudinal root bend specimen, as re- Testing of Metallic Materials. In evaluating the test
quired in Table4, shall be machined from the groove weld results, the highest and lowest lateral expansion values
assembly described in 8.4.2 and shown in Figure 3B. shall be disregarded. The remaining three impact spec-
imens shall exhibit a lateral expansion of 0.015 in.
12.2.2 Weld reinforcement shall be removed by (0.4 mm) minimum whentested at -320°F (-196°C).
machining. Grinding of both faces of the specimen shall
follow. All corners on the root side of the specimen shall
be slightly rounded by filing or grinding. The longi-
tudinal root bend specimen shall be bent uniformly 14. Fillet Weld Test
through a radius of 3/4 in. (19 mm). Typical bendingjigs
are shown in ANSYAWS B4.0, Standard Methods for 14.1 The fillet weld test, when required in Table4, shall
Mechanical Testing of Welds. The specimen shall be be made in accordance with 8.5 and Figure 4. The entire
positioned so that the root of the weld is in tension. face of the completed fillet weld shall be examinedvisu-
ally. The weld shall be free from cracks or other open
12.2.3 After bending, the bend test specimen shall defects that would affect the strength of the weld. After
conform to the designated radius, with appropriate al- the visual examination, a cross section shall be taken as
lowance for springback, and the weld metal shall show shown in Figure 4. The cross-sectional surface shall be
no defects on the tension face greater than 1/8 in. polished and etched, and then examined as required
(3.2 mm). in 14.2.

14.2 Scribe Iines shall be placedon the prepared surface,

as shown in Figure 8, and the leg length and the convex-
13. Impact Test (E316LKTO-3 ity shall be determined to the nearest 1/64 in.(0.4 mm)
Electrodes Only) by actual measurement.

13.1 Five full size, .394 in. by .394 in., (10mm by 14.2.1 Both fillet welds shall have penetration to or
10mm) Charpy V-notchimpact specimens(see Figure 7) beyond the junction of theedges ofthe plates.
shall be machined fromthe test assembly (see Figure 2)
for testing of E316LKTO-3 electrodes. 14.2.2 The legs and convexity of each fillet weld
shall be within the limits prescribed in Figure 8.
13.2 The five specimens shall be tested at a temperature
of -320°F (-196OC) in accordance with the impact test 14.2.3 The fillet welds shall show no evidence of
section of ANSYAWS B4.0. cracks.

133 Lateral expansion shall be measured in accordance 14.2.4 The welds shall be reasonably free from un-
with ASTM E23, Test Methods for Notched Bar impaet dercutting, overlap, trapped slag, and porosity.

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 AWS A5022
75
0784265 0505054 415
17

ACTUAL THROAT

CONVEXITY

THEORETICAL

CONVEX FILLET CONCAVE flLtET

~ ~~~~

Maximum Difference Between

illet
Convexity
Maximum
Size Weld Fillet
Measured
in. mm in. mm in. mm
118 or less 3.0 5/64 2.0 1132 0.8
9/64 3.5 5/64 2.0 3/64 1.2
5/64 5/32 4.0 1.2 2.0 3/64
5/64 11 164 4.5 111 2.0 6 1.6
3/16 5.0 5/64
111 2.0 6 1.6
1 2.0
3/64 5.0 5/64 5/64 2.0
2.0
7/32 5.5 5/64 5/64 2.0
5/64 12.45/64 6.0 3/32 2.0
114
2.4 6.5 3/32 5/64 2.0
1 7/64 6.5 3/32 2.4 7/64 2.8
9/32 7.0 3132 2.4 7/64 2.8
19/64 7.5 3/32 2.4 118 3.2
5116 8.0 3/32 2.4 118 3.2
21/64
3.6 8.5 9/64 3/32 2.4
11
3.6132 8.5 9/64 3/32 2.4
23/64 9.0 3/32 2.4 5/32 4.0
3/32 W8 or more 9.5 5/32 2.4 4.0
Notes:
1. Size of fillet weld= leg lengthof largest inscribed isosceles right triangle.
2. Fillet weld size, convexity,and leg lengths of fillet welds shall be determinedby actual measurement (nearest 1/64 [0.4mm]) on a
section laid out with scribed lines shown.

Figure 8-Fillet Weld Test Specimen and Dimensional Requirements

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 Part C 17.2 Each continuous length of filler metal shall be from
a single lot of material. Welds, when present, shall have
Manufacture, Identification, and been made so as not to interfere with the uniform, unin-
Packaging terrupted feeding of the filler metal on automaticand
semiautomatic equipment.

17.3 Core ingredients shall be distributed with sufficient

15. Method of Manufacture uniformity throughoutthe length of the electrode or rod
The electrodes and rods classified according to this so as not to adversely affect performance or properties of
specification may be manufactured by any method that the weld metal.
will produce material that meetsthe requirements of this
specification.
18. Standard Package Forms
18.1 Standard package forms are straight lengths, coils
16. Standard Sizes with support, coils without support, spools, and drums.
Standard package dimensions and weights for each form
Standard sizes for electrodes and rods are shownin are given in Tables 8 and 9. Package forms, sizes and
Table 7. weights other than these shall be as agreed upon between
purchaser and supplier.

18.2 The liners in coils with support shall be designed

17. Finish and Uniformity and constructed to prevent distortion of the coil during
normal handling and use and shall be clean and dry
17.1 All filler metal shall have a smooth finish that is enough to maintain the cleanliness of the filler metal.
free of slivers, depressions, scratches, scale, seams, laps
(exclusive of the longitudinal joint), and foreign matter 18.3 Spools shall be designedand constructed to prevent
that would adversely affect the welding characteristics, distortion of the filler metal during normal handling and
the operation of the welding equipment, or the properties use and shall be clean and dry enough to maintainthe
of the weld metal. cleanliness of the filler metal (see Figures 9, 10. and 11).

Table 7
Standard Electrode and Rod Sizes and Tolerancesa
Diameter Tole

Package Form in. mm in. mm

1
0.9 0.035
Coils with Support, 0.045 1.2
*om2 5zo.05
Spools 0.052 1.4
1/161.6 (0.062)
~~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ___

Coils without Support 5/64 (0.078) 2.0

with Coils Support 3/32 2.4 (0.094)
Drums 7/64 (O.109) 2.8 k0.003 k0.08
Spools 118 (O.125) 3.2
5/32 (O.
4.0156)

b Straight

Notes:
5/64
0.087
3/32
(0.078)

(0.094)
2.0
2.2
2.4 I k0.003 *0.08

a. Other sizes and forms shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
b. Length shall be 36 in. +O, -IL? in. (915 mm +O, -13 mm).

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 AWS A 5 - 2925 O784265 0505056 298
19

Table 8
Standard Dimensions for Coils, with and without Support, and Drums
Coils Drums

Without Support With Support

Inside Diameter Inside Diameter Width of Wound

of Coil of Liner Electrode, Max. Outside Diameter

in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm

300 12 400 15-112 120 k 1184-518 300 f 3

22- 112 570
23 600

Note: Other forms shall be as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.

Table 9
Packaging Requirementsa
Package Size Net Weight of Electrodeb

Type of Package in. mmkg lb

Coils without Support As specified by purchaser' As specified by purchaserC

Coils with Support (see ID

170 6.4 6-314 14
below) 300ID 12 25,30,50, and 60 11, 14,23, and 27

OD 4 1-112 100 and 2-112 0.7 and 1.1

OD 8 200 15, 10, and 22 4.5,6.8, and 10
OD 12 25,30, 300 and 35 11, 14, and 16
Spools 50 OD
350 14 and 60 23 and 27
OD 22 550 250 110
OD 24 600 300 140
OD 30 750 600 and 750 170 and 340

Drums 1 OD
OD
OD575
15-112
20
23
400
500
As specified by purchaserC
As specified by purchaserC
300 and 600
140 and 270

Coils with Support-Standard Dimensions and Weightsa

Coil Dimensions

Coil Net Weightb Inside Diameter of Liner Width of Wound Electrode, max.

Electrode Size lb kg in. mm in. mm

All } 14
25 and 30
50 and 60
6.4
11 and 14
23 and 27
6-314 f 118
12 f 118
12 f 118
170 f 3
300 3
300f3
*
3
2-112 or 4-518
4-518
75
65 or 120
120
~

Notes:
a. Sizes and net weights other than those specified may be supplied as agreed between supplier and purchaser.
b. Tolerance on net weight shall be i10 percent.
c. As agreed between supplier and purchaser.

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 AWS A 5 - 2 2 95 m 0784265 0505057 L24 m
20

Al 0.830+ 0.005, -0 - . -

SI Equivalents
"
in.

J
0.005 0.13
SECTION A-A
1I32 0.8
A 0.630 16
1-W4 44
4 100

All dimensions except angles arein inches.

Notes:
1. Dimension B,outside diameter of barrel, shall be such as to permit proper feeding of the filler metals.
2. Dimension C, inside diameter of barret, shall be such that swelling of the barrel or misalignment of the barrel and flanges will not
result in the inside diameter of the flanges.
of the barrel being less than the inside diameter

Figure 9- Dimensions of Standard 4 in. (100 mm) Spool

7/16 +0-1/16 7 A 7 t-I

2-1/32+ i/lB-O

A l l dimensions except angles arein inches.

Size Spool (maximum) C Dimension

Dimension D SI Equivalents
mm in. in. mmmm in. " in. mm
1/64 0.4
8 200 *
2-5/32 1132 55*1 8 205 1116 1.6
8 200 *
2-718 1/16 75i2 8 205 7116 11
12 300 4 1116 100
305
i2 12 Ml4 44
350 14 4 i 1/16 100 i 2 14 355 2-1/32 52
Note: Dimension B, outside diameter ofbarrel, shalt be such
as to permit proper feeding of the electrode.

Figure 10 - Dimensions of Standard 8,12,and 14 in. (200,300and 350 mm) Spools

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 AWS A5922 95 0 7 8 9 2 6 5 0505058 Ob0 H
21

1 -5/16 + 1 / 8 , - O in. DIA.

TWO HOLES IN LINE I

(SEE

SECTION A-A
2-112 i 1/16
CENTER-TO-CENTER

Y 11/16 + O, -1/16 DIA.

TWO HOLES IN LINE, TWO PLACES

All dimensions except angles are in inches.

SI Equivalents
Spool Size D Dimension Maximum C Dimension ....
in ......
mm
-~
in. mm
118 3
550 22 22 * 112 550 f 12.7 12 300 11116 18
600 24 24 * 112 600 * 12.7338 13-112 1-5/16 33
30 750 30 * 112 770 12.7338 13-112 2-112 63
Note: Dimension B, outside diameterof barrel, shall be such as to permit proper feeding
of the electrode.

Figure ll-Dimensions of 22,24, and 30 in. (550,600, and 750 mm) Spools

19. Winding Requirements 20.2 Coils without support shall have a tag containing
this information securely attached to the filler metal at
19.1 The filler metal shall be wound so that kinks, the inside end of the coil.
waves, sharp bends, or wedging are not encountered,
leaving the filler metal free to unwind without restric- 20.3 Coils with support shall have the information
tion. The outside end of the filler metal (the end with securely affixed ina prominent location on the support.
which welding is to begin) shall be accessible and se-
cured to avoid unwinding. 20.4 Spools shall have the information securely affixed
19.2 The cast and helix of filler metal in coils, spools, in a prominent location on the outside of one flangeof
and drums shall be such that the filler metal will feed in the spool.
an uninterrupted manner in automatic and semiautomatic
equipment. 20.5 Drums shall have the information securely affixed
to the side of the drum.

20. Filler Metal Identification

20.6 Identification of individual welding rods in straight
20.1 The product information andthe precautionary in- lengths is not a requirement of this specification, but may
formation requiredin Section 21, Markingof Packages, be done as agreed upon between the purchaser and
shall also appear on each coil, spool, and drum. supplier.

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 22

21. Packaging WARNING:

Protect yourself andothers.
Filler metal shall be suitably packaged to ensure Read and understand thisinformation.
against damage during shipmentand storage under nor-
FUMES AND GASES can be hazardous to your health.
mal conditions.
ARC RAYS can injure eyes and burn skin.
ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill.
Before use, read and understand the manufacturer's
22. Marking of Packages instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs),
and your employer's safety practices.
22.1 The following product information (as a minimum) Keep your headout of the fumes.
shall be legibly marked so as to be visible from the out- Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both,
side of each unit package. to keep fumes and gases away from your breathing
(1) AWS specification and classification designation zone and the general area.
(year of issue may be excluded) Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection.
(2) Supplier's name and trade designation Do not touch electrical parts.
(3) Size and net weight See American National Standard 249.1, Safety in
(4)Lot, control, or heat number Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes, published by
the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune
22.2 The following precautionary information (as a Road, Miami, Florida 33126; OSHA Safety and
minimum) shall be prominentlydisplayed inlegible print Health Standards,29 CFR 1910, available from the
on all packages of welding electrodes or rods, including U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
individual unit packages enclosed within a larger 20402.
package. DO NOT REMOVE THIS INFORMATION J

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 AWS A S S 2 2 75 0784265 0505060 717 W

Annex
Guide toAWS Specification for Stainless Steel
Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless
Steel Flux CoredRods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
(This Annex is not a part of A5.22-95, Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and
Stainless Steel Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, but is includedfor information purposes only.)

A l . Introduction has been designed for cryogenic service. Figure A l is

graphical explanation of the system.
The purpose of this guide is to correlate the electrode
and rod classifications with their intended applications so A2.3 Since the electrodes and rods are classified accord-
the specification can be used effectively. Reference to ing to the chemical composition of the weld metal and
appropriate base metal specifications is made whenever the external shielding medium required for the classifica-
that can be done and when it would be helpful. Such ref- tion tests, additional symbols are employed, following
erences are intended only as examples rather than com- the “E’ or “R’ in the classification designations.
plete listings of the materials for which each filler metal A2.3.1 The chemical composition is identified by a
is suitable. This specification now includes welding rods three-digit or four-digit number, and, in some cases, ad-
classified as RXXXT1-5. These are flux cored welding ditional chemical symbols and the letters “L” or “H.”
rods which can be used for GTAW of the root pass of The numbers generally follow the pattern of the AIS1
stainless steel pipe without the use of a back shielding numbering system for heat- and corrosion-resisting
gas. Previous editions of A5.22 only included flux cored steels; however, there are exceptions. In some classifica-
welding electrodes. tions additional chemical symbols are used to signify
modifications of basic alloy types. The letter “L” denotes
a low-carbon content in the deposit. The letter “ H ’ de-
A2. Classification System notes a carbon content in the upper part of the range that
is specified for the corresponding standard alloy type.
A2.1 The system for identifying the electrode and rod
classifications in this specification follows the standard A2.3.2 The letter “K’ in the E316LKTO-3 classifica-
pattern used in other AWS filler metal specifications. tion signifies that weld metal deposited by these elec-
trodes is designed for cryogenic applications.
A2.2 The letter “E” at the beginning of each classifica-
tion designation stands for electrode, and the letter “R” A2.3.3 Following the chemical composition designa-
indicates a welding rod. The three or four digit number tion comes the letter “T,” which signifies that the product
such as 308 designates the chemical composition. The is a flux cored electrode or rod. Following the “T” is a 1
following letter “T” indicates that the product is a flux or O indicating the recommended position of welding.
cored electrode or rod. The “1” or “0” following the “T” Following the position indicator and a dash, are the nu-
indicates the recommended position of operation. Inclu- merals “1 ,”“3,” “4,”or “5” or the letter “G.” The numer-
sion of “K’ in the designator signifies that the material als “1,” “4,”and “5” identify the shielding gas required

23

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 Indicates a welding electrode

Designates a composition
of the weld metal

or rod
Designates a flux-cored welding electrode

Designates recommended positionof welding: O = flat and horizontal;1 = all position

to be employed during welding specified for classification

Designates the external shielding medium (see Table 2)

EXXXTX-X

R E T 1- 5

LDesignates the external shielding gasto be employed during welding. Type of shielding is 100% Argon
Designates recommended positionof welding: 1 = all position

or rod
Designates a flux-cored welding electrode

Designates compositionof the weld metal

Indicates a weldingrod

Figure A l - Classification System

for classification of the electrode or rod. The numeral A2.3.6 While mechanical propertytests are required
“3” signifies that an external shielding gas is not em- for classification of the electrodes or rods in this specifi-
ployed and that the weld puddle is shielded by the atmo- cation (see Table 6), the classification system does not
sphere and slag generated by the flux core. The letter identify the test requirements.
“G’ signifies that the shielding medium, chemical com-
position, and mechanical properties are not specified and A2.3.7 This specification includes filler metals clas-
are as agreed upon between supplier and purchaser. For sified EXXXTX-G. The “G” indicates that the filler
rods, the letter “ G signifies that the shielding medium is metal is of a general classification. It is general because
not specified and is as agreed upon between the pur- not all of the particular requirements specified for each
chaser and the manufacturer. Refer toA2.3.7 for a fur- of the other classifications are specified for this classifi-
ther explanation of the “G” classification and its cation. The intent in establishing this classification is to
implications. provide a means by which filler metals that differ in one
respect or another (chemical composition,for example)
A2.3.4 Significance of the position indicators is sum- from all other classifications (meaning that the composi-
marized as follows: tion of the filler metal, in the case of the example, does
( 1 ) EXXXTO-X Designates a welding electrode de- not meet the composition specified for any of the classi-
signed to weld in the flat or horizontal position. fications in the specification) can still be classified ac-
(2) EXXXTI-X Designates a welding electrode de- cording to the specification. The purpose is to allow a
signed for welding in allpositions. useful filler metal - one that otherwise would have to
(3) RXXXT1-5 Designates a welding rod designed await a revision of the specification - to be classified
for welding in all positions. immediately under the existing specification. This
means, then, that two filler metals, each bearingthe same
A2.3.5 The shielding designations, denoting shielding “G” classification, may be quite different in some certain
from the core materials as well as from any externally respect (chemical composition, again, for example).
applied gas, are shown in Table2. This does not exclude
the use ofalternate gas mixtures as agreed upon between A2.3.8 The point of difference (although not necessar-
purchaser and supplier.The use of alternate gas mixtures ily the amount of that difference) between filler metal of
may have an effect on welding characteristics, deposit a “G’ classification and filler metal of a similar classifi-
composition, and mechanical properties of the weld, cation without the “G’ (or even with it, for that matter)
such that classification requirements may not be met. will be readily apparent from the use of the words “not

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 ANS A 5 . 2 2 95 H 0 7 8 4 2 b 5 05050b2 591
25

required” and “not specified” in the specification. The (b) Confirm receipt of the request and give the
use of these words is asfollows: identification number to the person who made the request.
Not Specified is used in those areas of the specifica- (c) Send a copy of the request to the Chairman of
tion that refer to the results of some particular test. It in- the Filler Metal Committee and the Chairman of the par-
dicates that the requirements for that test are not ticular Subcommittee involved.
specijkd for that particular classification. (d) File the original request.
Not Required is used in those areas of the specifica- (e) Add the request to the log of outstanding
tion that refer to the tests that must beconducted in order requests.
to classify a filler metal (or a welding material). It indi- (4) All necessary action on each request will be com-
cates that test is not required because the requirements pleted as soon as possible. If more than 12 months lapse,
(results) for the test have not been specified for that par- the Secretary shall inform the requestor of the status of
ticular classification. the request, with copies to the Chairman of the Commit-
Restating the case, when a requirement is not speci- tee and the Subcommittee. Requests still outstanding
fied, it is not necessary to conduct the corresponding test after 18 months shall be considered not to have been
in order to classify a filler metal to that classification. answered in a “timely manner” and the Secretary shall
When a purchaser wants the information provided by report these to the Chairman of the Filler Metal Commit-
that test, in order to consider a particular product of that tee, for the Chair’s action.
classification for a certain application, the purchaser will ( 5 ) The Secretary shall include a copy of the log of
have to arrange for that information with the supplier of all requests pending and those completed during the
the product. The purchaser will have to establish with preceding year with the agenda for each Filler Metal
that supplier just what the testing procedure and the ac- Committee meeting. Any other publication of requests
ceptance requirements are to be, for that test. The pur- that have been completed will be at the option of the
chaser may want to incorporate that information (via American Welding Society,as deemed appropriate.
ANSIIAWS A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guide-
lines) in the purchase order.
A2.3.9 Request for Filler Metal Classification
A3. Acceptance
Acceptance of all welding materials classified under
(1) When a filler metal cannot be classified according this specification is in accordance with ANSIIAWS
to some classification other than a “G” classification, the A5 .O 1, Filler MetalProcurement Guidelines, as the spec-
manufacturer may request that a classification be estab- ification states. Any testing a purchaser requires of the
lished for that filler metal. The manufacturer may do this supplier, for material shipped in accordance with this
by following the procedure given here. When the manu- specification, shall be clearly stated in the purchase or-
facturer elects to use the “G” classification, the Filler der, according to the provisions of ANSVAWS A5.01.
Metal Committee recommends that the manufacturer still In the absence of any such statement in the purchase
request a classification be established for that filler
order, the supplier may ship the material with whatever
metal, as long as the filler metal is of commercial
testing the supplier normally conducts on material ofthat
significance. classification, as specified in Schedule F, Table 1, of
(2) A request to establish a new filler metal classifi- ANSVAWS A5.01. Testing in accordance with any other
cation must be a written request and it needs to provide Schedule in that Table must be specifically required by
sufficient detail to permit the Filler Metal Committee or the purchase order. In such cases, acceptance of the
the Subcommittee to determine whether a new classifica- material shipped will be in accordance with those
tion or the modification of an existing classification is requirements.
more appropriate, and whether either is necessary to sat-
isfy the need. The request needs to state the variables and
their limits, for such a classification or modification. The
request should contain some indication of the time by
A4. Certification
which completion of the new classification or modifica- The act of placing the AWS specification and classi-
tion is needed. fication designations on the packaging enclosing the
(3) The request should be sent to the Secretary of the product, or the classification on the product itself, consti-
Filler Metal Committee at AWS Headquarters. Upon re- tutes the supplier’s (manufacturer’s) certification that the
ceipt of the request, the Secretary will do the following: product meetsall of the requirements of the specification.
(a) Assign an identifying number to the request. The only testing requirement implicit in this certifica-
This number will include the date the request was tion is that the manufacturer has actually conducted the
received. tests required by the specification on material that is

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 AUS A5.22 95 07842b5 0 5 0 5 0 b 3 428
26

representative of that being shipped and that thematerial A6.2 Ferrite can be measured on a relative scale by
met the requirements of the specification. Representative means of various magnetic instruments. However, work
material, in this case, is any production run of that classi- by the Subcommittee for Weiding of Stainless Steel of
fication using the same formulation. Certijìcation is not the High Alloys Committee of the Welding Research
to be construed to mean that tests of any kind were nec- Council (WRC) established that the lack of a standard
essarily conducted on samples of the specific material calibration procedure resulted in a very wide spread of
shipped. Tests on such material may, or may not, have readings on a given specimen when measured by differ-
been conducted. ent laboratories. A specimen averaging 5.0 percent fer-
The basis for the certification required by the specifi- rite based on the data collected from all the laboratories
cation is the classification test of “representative mate- was measured as low as 3.5 percent by some and as high
rial” cited above, and the “Manufacturer’s Quality as 8.0 percent by others. At an average of 10 percent, the
Assurance System” in ANSUAWS A5.01. spread was 7.0 to 16.0 percent. In order to substantially
reduce this problem, the WRC Subcommittee published
on July 1, 1972 Calibration Procedurefor Instruments to
A5. Ventilation During Welding Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic Stain-
less Steel Weid Metal.8
A5.1 Five major factors govern the quantity of fumes in In 1974, the AWS extended this procedure and pre-
the atmosphere to which welders and welding operators pared AWS A4.2, Standard Procedure for Calibrating
are exposed during welding: Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Con-
(1) Dimensions of the space in which weldingis done tent of Austenitic Steel Weld Metal. All instruments used
(with special regard to the height of the ceiling) to measure the ferrite content of AWS classified stainless
(2) Number of welders and welding operators work- electrode products are to be traceable to the latest revi-
ing in that space sion of this AWS standard.
(3) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, or dust, accord-
ing to the materials and processes involved A6.3 The WRC Subcommittee also adopted the term
(4) The proximity of the welders or welding opera- Ferrite Number (FN) to be used in place of percent fer-
tors to the fumes as they issue from the welding zone, rite, to clearly indicate that the measuring instrument was
and to the gases and dusts in the space in which they are calibrated to the WRC procedure. The Ferrite Number,
working up to 10 FN, is to be considered equal to the “percent fer-
rite” term previously used. It represents a good average
(5) The ventilation provided to the space in which the
welding is done of commercial U. S . and world practice on the percent
ferrite. Through the use of standard calibration proce-
A5.2 American National Standard 249.1, Safety in dures, differences in readings due to instrument calibra-
Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes (published by the tion are expected to be reduced to about & 5 percent, or at
American Welding Society), discusses the ventilation the most, f 10 percent of the measured ferrite value.
that is required during welding and should be referred to
for details. Attention is drawn particularly to the section A6.4 In the opinion of the WRC Subcommittee, it has
relating to ventilation. been impossible, to date, to accurately determine the true
absolute ferrite content of stainless steel weld metals.
A6.5 Even on undiluted pads, ferrite variations from pad
A6. Ferrite in Weld Deposits to pad must be expected due to slight changes in welding
and measuring variables. On a large group of pads from
A6.1 Ferrite is known to be very beneficial in reducing
one heat or lot and using a standard pad welding and
the tendency for cracking or fissuring in weld metals;
preparation procedure, two sigma values indicate that
however, it is not essential. Millions of pounds of fully
95 percent of the tests are expected to be within a range
austenitic weld metal have been used for years and have
of approximately k 2.2 FN to about 8 FN. If different pad
provided satisfactory service performance. Generally,
welding and preparation procedures are used, these vari-
femte is helpful when the welds are restrained, the joints
ations will increase.
are large, and when cracks or fissures adversely affect
service performance. Ferrite increases the weld strength A6.6 Even larger variations may be encountered if the
level. Ferrite may have a detrimental effect on corrosion welding technique allows excessive nitrogen pickup, in
resistance in some environments. It also is generally re-
garded as detrimental to toughness in cryogenic service,
and in high-temperature service where it can transform 8 . Welding Research Council, 345 East 47th Street,
New York,
into the brittle sigma phase. New York 10017.

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 27

which case the ferrite can be much lower than it should pad must have a minimum height of 5 / 8 in. (16 mm) to
be. High nitrogen pickup can cause a typical 8 FN de- eliminate dilution effects.
posit to drop to O FN. A nitrogen pickup of 0.10 percent
will typically decrease the FN by about 8.
A6.9.3 The pad must be welded in the flat position
using multiple layers, with at least the last 2 layers de-
A6.7 Plate materials tend to be balanced chemically to posited usingstringer beads. The weld layers used for the
have an inherently lower ferrite content than matching buildup may be deposited with a weave. The amperage
weld metals. Weld metal diluted with plate metal will or wire feed speed and the arc voltage shall be as recom-
usually be somewhat lower in ferrite than the undiluted mended by the manufacturer of the electrode. The shield-
weld metal, though this does vary depending on the ing medium, polarity and welding process shall be as
amount of dilution and the composition of the base shown in Table 2. Each pass mustbe cleaned prior to de-
metal. positing the next pass. The welding direction should be
alternated from pass to pass. The weld stops and starts
A6.8 In the E300 series electrodes, many types such as must be located at the ends of the weld buildup. Between
E310, E320, E320LR, E330, E383 and E385 are fully passes, the weld pad may be cooled by quenching in
au~tenitic.~ The E316 group can be made with little or no water not sooner than 20 seconds after the completion of
ferrite when required for improved corrosion resistance each pass. The last two layers must have a maximum in-
in certain media, and in high temperature and cryogenic terpass temperature of 300°F (1 50°C). The last pass must
applications where ferrite can be detrimental. It also can be air cooledto below 800°F (427°C) prior to quenching
be obtained in a higher ferrite form, usually over 4 FN, if in water.
desired. The remaining E300 series electrodes can be The weld deposit can be buildup between two copper
made in low-ferrite versions, but commercial practice bars laid parallel on the base plate. The spacing between
usually involves ferrite control above 4 FN. Because of the copper bars is dependent on the size of the electrode
chemistry limits covering these grades and various man- and the type or size of welding gun used. Care must be
ufacturing limits, most lots will be under 10 FN and are taken to make sure the arc does not impinge on the cop-
unlikely to go over 15 FN commercially. E16-8-2 gener- per bars resulting in copper dilution in the weld metal.
ally is controlled at a low-ferrite level, under 5 FN. E3 12,
E2553, and E2209 generally are quite high in ferrite, A6.9.4 The completed weld pad must have thesurface
usually over 20 FN. prepared so that it is smooth with alltraces of weld ripple
removed and must be continuous in length where mea-
A6.9 When it is desired to measure ferrite content, the surements are to be taken. This can be accomplished by
following procedure is recommended: any suitable means providing the surface is not heated in
excess during the machining operation (excessive heat-
A6.9.1 The same weld pads, as detailed in 8.3, may ing may affect the final ferrite reading). The width of the
be used to measurethe ferrite level, provided the last two prepared surface shall not be less than 118 in. (3 mm).
or three layers are prepared as described in A6.9.3 and
A6.9.4. Otherwise, the pads shall be made as detailed on The surface can be prepared by draw filing using a
Figure 1 and prepared as described in A6.9.2 through mill bastard file held on both sides of the weld with the
A6.9.4. The base plate may be of Type 301, 302, or 304 long axis of the file perpendicular to the long axis of the
conforming to ASTM Specification A167 or A240, or weld. Files shall either be new or shall have only been
carbon steel. If the base plate contains more that used on austenitic stainless steel. Filing must be accom-
0.03 percent carbon and is used for the low-carbon clas- plished by smooth draw-filing strokes (one direction
sifications (those with the letter "L," in the designation), only) along the length of the weld while applying a firm
then the padshall have a minimum of four layers. This is downward pressure.
required to assure a low-carbon weld metal deposit. A6.9.5 A minimum of six ferrite readings must be
taken on the filed surface along the longitudinal axis of
A6.9.2 The weld pad must be built to a minimum the weld pad with aninstrcment calibrated in accordance
height of 1/2 in. (13 mm) when using Type 301, 302, or with the procedures specified in ANSVAWS A4.2 (latest
304 base plate. When using a carbon steel base, the weld edition).
A6.9.6 The readings obtained must be averaged to a
9. Some of the grades of electrodes listed here are not in this single value for conversion to Ferrite Number.
document, but are contained in ANSIIAWS A5.4, Specification
for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Weldingor A6.10 The ferrite content of welds may be calculated
ANSYAWS A5.9, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Elec- from the chemical composition of the weld deposit. This
trodes and Rods. can be done from one of several constitution diagrams;

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 AWS A5.22 95 m 0784265 05050b5 2TO
28

these are the WRC-1992 (Figure A2),the Espy Diagram to have statistically significant effects. The WRC-1992
(Figure A3), and the DeLong Diagram (Figure A4). Diagram is preferred for “300” series stainless steels and
There may be a wide rangeof results obtained from one for duplex stainless alloys. It may not be applicable to
diagram to another. The following paragraphs givesome compositions having greater than 0.2 percentof nitrogen
explanation of the differences among these diagrams and and greater than 1O percent of manganese.
their recommended applications.
A6.10.2 Espy Diagram” (Figure A3) calculates the
A6.10.1 WRC-1992 Diagramlo (Figure A2)predicts percent ferrite rather than FN of deposits of the“200” se-
ferrite in Ferrite Number (FN). This diagramis the new- ries (see A2.1) having manganese levels up to 15 percent
est of the diagrams mentioned. Studies withinthe WRC and nitrogen contents up 0.35 percent (i.e., nitrogen-
strengthened austenitic stainless steels).
Subcommittee on Welding of Stainless Steel and within
Commission IIof the International Institute of Welding A6.10.3 DeLong Diagram’* (Figure A4) is a modi-
show a closer agreement between measured and pre- fied Schaeffler Diagram13 predicting the Ferrite Number
dicted ferrite using this diagram than when using the De- (FN) up to a maximum of 18 FN. The diagramincludes
Long Diagram. It should be noted that predictions of the the nitrogen level in the calculation to predict the FN.
WRC-1992 Diagramare independent of silicon and man-
ganese contents becausethese elements were not found
11. Espy, R. H. “Weldability of Nitrogen-Strengthened Stain-
less Steels.” Welding Journal61(5) 149s-l56s,1982.
10.Kotecki,D. J., Siewert, T. A.,“WRC-1992Constitution 12. DeLong, W. T. Adams Lecture; “FerriteinAustenitic
Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metals: A Modification of Stainless Steel WeldMetal.” Welding Journal 53(7) 273-s to
the WRC-1988Diagram.” Welding Journal 71(5)171s-178s 286-s (1974).
(1992). 13. Schaeffler, A. E.Metal Progress, 56,680-68OB.

18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Cr, = Cr + Mo + 0.7Nb

Figure A2-WRC-1992 (FN)Diagram for Stainless SteelWeld Metal

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 AWS A5022 95 M 0784265 0505066 137 D
29

CHROMIUM EQUIVALENT = %Cr + Mo + 1.5 x %Si + 0.5 X %Cb (Nb) + 5 x %V + 3 x % A l

Figure A3”ESPY Percent Ferrite Diagramfor Stainless Weld Metal

The DeLong modifications to the Schaeffler Diagram ANSVAWS A5.4, Specification for Stainless Steel Elec-
provide a better correlation between the calculated and trodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding, and ANSIiAWS
measured ferrite content of the weld metal; therefore, the A5.9, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Electrodes
Schaeffler Diagram is not shown in this specification. and Rods.
The new WRC 1992 Diagram (see Figure A2) is the
most accurate and preferred diagram for predicting the A7.1.2 The chemical composition requirements of the
ferrite in “300” series stainless steel weld metals. Future EXXXTX-1 and EXXXTX-4 classifications are very
publications of this specification may not include the De- similar. The requirements of the EXXXTO-3 classifica-
Long Diagram. tions are different from those of the previous two be-
cause self-shielding with a slag system alone is not as
A6.10.4 The differences between measured and cal- effective as shielding with a combination of a slag sys-
culated ferrite are somewhat dependent on the ferrite tem and an external shielding gas. The EXXXTO-3 de-
level of the deposit, increasing as the ferrite level in- posits, therefore, usually have a higher nitrogen content.
creases. The agreement between the calculated and mea- This means that, in order to control the ferrite content of
sured ferrite values is also strongly dependent on the the weld metal, the chemical compositions of the
quality of the chemical analysis. Variations in the results EXXXTO-3 deposits must have different Cr/Ni ratios
of the chemical analyses encountered from laboratory to than those of the EXXXTX-I and EXXXTX-4 deposits.
laboratory can have significant effects on the calculated Since the atmosphere generated by E3 16LKTO-3
ferrite value, changing it as much as 4 to 8 FN. electrodes more efficiently shield the arc from nitrogen
pickup than that produced by other EXXXTO-3
electrodes, the CriNi ratio can be the same as for
A7. Description and IntendedUse of EXXXTX-1 deposits without a loss of femte control.
Electrodes and Rods A7.2 Intended Use of Electrodes and Rods
A7.1 Composition Considerations
A7.2.1 E307TX-X. The nominal composition (wt.%)
A7.1.1 The chemical composition requirements for of this weld metal is 19 Cr, 9.7 Ni, 1.0 Mo and 4 Mn.
these electrodes and rods are patterned after those of These electrodes are used primarily for moderate

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 30

22 21 20
16 17
19 18 27
CHROMIUM, EQUIVALENT = %Cr + %Mo + 1.5X %Si + 0.5 X %Cb

Calculate the nickel and chromium equivalents from the weld metal analysis. If nitrogen analysis of the weidnot available,
metal is
assume 0.06%for GTA and covered electrode, or 0.08% for GMA weid If the
metals.
chemistry is accurate the diagram predicts
WRCthe
Ferrite Number within plus or minus
3 in approximately90% of the tests for the 308,309,316 and 317 families.

FigureA4”DeLongDiagram for StainlessSteel WeldMetal

strength welds with good crackresistance between dis- content which is in the high end of the range, .O4 to
similar steels, such as welding austenitic manganese .O8 wt.%. Carbon content in this range provides higher
steel to carbon steel forgings or castings. tensile and creep strength at elevated temperatures.
These electrodes are used primarily for welding type
A7.2.2 E308TX-X. The nominal composition (wt.%)
304H base metal.
of this weld metal is19.5 Cr and 10 Ni. Electrodes of this
classification are most often used to weld base metal of A7.2.5 E308MoTX-X. The compositionof this weld
similar composition such as AIS1 Types 301, 302, 304, metal is the same as that of E308TX-X weld metal, ex-
305, and 308. cept for the addition of 2-3 wt.% molybdenum. This
electrode is recommended for welding CF8M stainless
A7.2.3 E308LTX-X. The composition of this weld steel castings, as it matches thebase metal with regardto
metal is the same as that of E308TX-X, except for car-
chromium, nickel, and rn01ybdenum.l~ This grade may
bon content. By specifying low carbon in this alloy, it is
also be used for welding wrought metals such as Type
possible to obtain resistance to intergranular corrosion
316L when a ferrite content higher than attainable with
due to carbide precipitation without the use ofstabilizers
E3 16LTX-X electrodes is desired.
such as columbium (niobium) or titanium. This low-
carbon alloy, however, is not as strong at elevated tem-
perature as the E308 and columbium (niobium)-stabi-
lized alloys.
14. CFSM and CF3M are designations of ASTM A351, Speci-
A7.2.4 E308HTX-X. The composition of this weld fication for Steel Castings, Austenitic, for High Temperature
metal is thesame asthat of E308TX-X except for carbon Service.

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 AWS A5.2295 W 07842650505066 TOT
31

A7.2.6 E308HMoTO-3. The composition of this and helps provide hightemperature ductility in dissimilar
weld metal is the same as that of E308MoTX-X, except joints. The ferrite level for this electrode deposit is ap-
that the carbon content has been restricted to the higher proximately 20 FN.
portion of the range. The higher carbon content provides
higher strength at elevated temperatures. A7.2.12 E309LNiMoTX-X. The composition of this
weld metal is essentially the same as E309LMoTX-X
A7.2.7 E308LMoTX-X. The composition of this except for the lower chromium and higher nickel con-
weld metal is the same as that of E308MoTX-X weld tent. The purpose of this modification is to achieve a
metal, except for the lower carbon content. These elec- lower deposit ferrite content (typically 8-12 FN) when
trodes are recommended for welding CF3M stainless compared to E309LMoTX-X (typically 16-20 FN). This
steel castings, to match the base metal with regard to chemistry is required by the pulp and paper industry for
chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. This grade also joining applications. The lower ferrite content leads to
may be used for welding wrought metals such as type better corrosion resistance due to a decreased potential
3 16L stainless when ferrite content higher than attainable for chromium-nitride precipitation.
with E3 16LTX-X electrodes is desired.
A7.2.13 E309LCbTX-X. The composition of this
A7.2.8 E309TX-X. The nominal composition (wt.%)
weld metal is the same as E309LTX-X weld metal, ex-
of this weld metalis 23.5 Cr and 13 Ni. Electrodes of this
cept for the addition of 0.7 to 1.O wt.% of Cb (Nb). These
classification commonly are used for welding similar al-
electrodes are used to overlay carbon and low-alloy
loys in wrought or cast forms. They are used in welding
steels and produce a columbium (niobium) stabilized
dissimilar metals, such as joining Type 304 to mild steel,
first layer on such overlays.
welding the stainless steel side of Type 304 clad steels,
and applying stainless steel sheet linings to carbon steel A7.2.14 E31OTX-X. The nominal composition
sheets. Occasionally, they are used to weld Type 304 (wt.%) of this weld metal is 26.5 Cr and 21 Ni. These
base metals where severe corrosion conditions exist that electrodes are most often used to weld base metals of
require higher alloy content weld metal. similar compositions.
A7.2.9 E309LTX-X. The composition of this weld
A7.2.15 E312TX-X. The nominal composition
metal is the same as E309TX-X, except for the carbon
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 30 Cr and 9 Ni. These elec-
content. By specifying low carbon in this alloy, it is pos-
trodes most often are used to weld dissimilar metal com-
sible to obtain resistance to intergranular corrosion due
positions of which one component is high in nickel. This
to carbide precipitation without the use of stabilizers
alloy gives a two-phase weld deposit with substantial
such as columbium (niobium) or titanium. This low car-
amounts of ferrite in an austenitic matrix. Even with con-
bon alloy, however, is not as strong at elevated tempera-
siderable dilution by austenite-forming elements, such as
ture as Type 309 or the columbium (niobium)-stabilized
nickel, the microstructure remains two-phase and thus
modification. A primary application of this alloy is the
highly resistant to weld metalcracks and fissures.
first layer cladding of carbon steel if no columbium addi-
tions are required. A7.2.16 E316TX-X. The nominal composition
A7.2.10 E309MoTX-X. The composition of this (wt.%) of this weld metal is 18.5 Cr, 12.5 Ni, and
weld metal is the same as that of E309TX-X weld metal, 2.5 Mo. Electrodes of this classification usually are used
except for the addition of 2-3 wt.% of molybdenum. for welding similar alloys (about 2 wt.% molybdenum).
These electrodes are used to join stainless steel to carbon These electrodes have been used successfully in applica-
and low-alloy steels for service below 600°F (316"C), tions involving special alloys for high-temperature ser-
and for overlaying of carbon and low-alloy steels. The vice. The presence of molybdenum provides increased
presence of molybdenum provides pitting resistance in a creep resistance at elevated temperatures and pitting re-
\halide environment and helps provide high temperature sistance in a halide environment.
ductility in dissimilar joints. The ferritelevel for this
A7.2.17 E316LTX-X. The composition of this weld
electrode deposit is approximately 18 FN.
metal is the same as E316TX-X electrodes, except for
A7.2.11 E309LMoTX-X. The composition of this the lower carbon content. By specifying low carbon in
weld metal is the same as E309MoTX-X weld metal, ex- this alloy, it is possible to obtain resistance to intergranu-
cept for the lower carbon content. These electrodes are lar corrosion due to carbide precipitation without the use
used to join stainless steel to carbon and low-alloy steels of stabilizers such as columbium (niobium) or titanium.
for service below 600°F (316"C), and for overlaying of This low-carbon alloy, however, is not as strong at
carbon and low-alloy steels. The presence of molybde- elevated temperatures as the columbium (niobium)-
num provides pitting resistance in a halide environment stabilized alloys.

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 32

A7.2.18 E316LKTO-3. The composition of this structure, often are used to weld base mefal of similar
weld metal is the same asE316LTX-X. These electrodes, composition.
however, are “self-shielding” and are used primarily for
A 7 3 2 2 E410TX-X. This 12 Cr (wt.%) alloy is an
welding stainless steels for cryogenic service. Although
air-hardening steel, and therefore, requires preheat and
the nominal chromium, nickel, and molybdenumcontent
postheat treatments in order to achieve weldsof adequate
of E316LKTO-3 filler metal is essentially the same as the
ductility for most engineering purposes. Themost com-
other E3 16 grades, special attention is given to it in order
mon application of electrodes of this classification is for
to maximize low-temperaturetoughness. Minimizing the
welding alloys of similar cqmposition. They also are
content of carbon and nitrogen improvesthe toughness.
used for surfacing of carbon steelsto resist corrosion,
Low nitrogen content is achieved by providing a more
erosion, or abrasion, such as that which occurs in valve
efficient slag system than is employed with EXXXTO-3
seats and other valve parts.
self-shielding electrodes. Delta ferrite in the weld metal
has an adverse effect on toughness; therefore, the chemi- A7.2.23 E410NiMoTX-X. The nominal composi-
cal composition of the weld metal is balanced to provide tion (wt.%) of this weld metal is 11.5 Cr, 4.5 Ni, and
a low maximum ferrite content (3 FN or less). Fully aus- 0.55 Mo. This electrode generally is used to weld
tenitic weld metal is preferred from a toughness stand- CA6NM castings or similar material^.'^ These electrodes
point; however, it is recognized that the tendency for are modified to containless chromium and morenickel
weld metal fissuring is greater in fully austenitic weld to eliminate ferrite in the microstructure, as ferrite has a
metals. deleterious effect on mechanical properties. Postweld
heat treatment inexcess of 1150°F (620°C) may result in
A7.2.19 E317LTX-X. The nominal composition
rehardening due to untempered martensitein the micro-
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 19.5 Cr, 13 Ni, and 3.5 Mo.
structure after cooling to room temperature.
These electrodes usually are used for welding alloys of
similar composition and are usually limited to severe A7.2.24 E410NiTiTX-X. The nominal composition
corrosion applications. Low carbon (0.03 wt.% maxi- (wt.%) of this weld metal is 11.5 Cr and 4 Ni with Ti
mum) in this filler metal reduces the possibility of inter- added as astabilizer. These electrodes generally are used
granular carbide precipitation and thereby increases the to weld base metals ofsimilar composition.
resistance to intergranular corrosion without the use of
A7.235 E430TX-X. This is a nominal 16.5 (wt.%)
stabilizers such as columbium or titanium. This low-car-
Cr alloy. The compositionis balancedby providing suffi-
bon alloy, however, may not be so strong at elevated tem-
cient chromium to give adequate corrosion resistance for
peratures as the columbium (niobium) stabilized alloys
the usualapplications and yet retain sufficient ductility in
or Type 317.
the heat-treated condition. (Excessive chromiumwill re-
A7.2.20 E347TX-X. The nominal composition sult in lower ductility.)
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 19.5 Cr and 10 Ni with Cb Welding with E430TX-X electrodes may produce a
(Nb) added as a stabilizer. The alloy is often referred to partially hardened microstructure that requires preheat-
as astabilized Q p e 308 alloy, indicating that it normally ing and a postweld heat treatment. Optimum mechanical
is not subject to intergranular corrosion fromcarbide pre- properties and corrosion resistance are obtained only
cipitation. Electrodes of this classification usually are when the weldment is heattreated following the welding
used for welding chromium-nickel steel base metals of operation.
similar composition stabilized either with columbium A7.2.26 E502TX-X. The nominal composition
(niobium) or titanium. (wt.%) of this weld metal is 5 Cr and 0.55 Mo. Elec-
Although columbium (niobium)is the stabilizing ele- trodes of this classification are used for we€ding base
ment usually specified in 347 alloys, it should be recog- metal of similar composition, usualIy in the form of a
nized that tantalum also may be present. Tantalum and pipe or tube. This alloy is air-hardening. Therefore,(
columbium (niobium) are almost equally effective in sta- preheating and postweld heat treatment are strongly I,

bilizing carbon and in providing high-temperature recommended.

strength. The usual commercial practice is to report
columbium (niobium) asthe sum of the columbiumplus A7.2.27 E505TX-X. The nominal composition
tantalum. Crack sensitivity of the weld mayincrease sub- (wt.%) of this weld metal is 9.2 Cr and 1.0 Mo. Elec-
stantially, if dilution by the base metal produces a low
ferrite or fully austenitic weld metal deposit.
15. CA6NM is adesignation of ASTM Specification A352,
A7.2.21 E409TX-X. The nominal composition Specijìcation for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic. for
(wt.%) of this weld metalis 12 Cr with Ti addedas a sta- PressureContainingParts,Suitable for Low Temperature
bilizer. These eIectrodes, which produce a ferritic micm- Service.

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 AUS A5.2295 E 07842b50505070668 E
33

trodes of this classification are used for welding base is used primarilyfor the root pass welding of Type 3 16 or
metal of similar composition, usuallyin the form of a 316L stainless steel piping joints when inert gas backing
pipe or tube. The alloy is air-hardening and therefore, purge is either not possible or not desirable. This rod can
preheating and postweld heat treatment are strongly only be used with the GTAW process but caution is ad-
recommended. vised as it will produce a slag cover whichmust be re-
moved before additional weldlayers can be deposited. It
A7.2.28 E2209TX-X. The nominal composition is recommended that the manufacturer‘sinstructions and
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 22 Cr, 8.5 Ni, and 3.5 Mo.
guidelines be followed when usingthis rod.
This electrode is used to join duplex stainless steel base
metals containing approximately 22 wt.% chromium. A7.2.33 R347T1-5. The nominal composition
The microstructure of the weld deposit consists of a mix- (wt.%) of this weld metal is 19.5 Cr and 10 Ni with
ture of austenite and ferrite. Becauseof the two-phase Cb(Nb) and Ta added as stabilizers. This flux cored filler
structure, the alloy is one of the family of duplexstain- rod is used primarily for the root pass welding of Type
less steel alloys. The alloy has good resistance to stress 347 stainless steel piping joints when inert gas backing
corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion attack. purge is either not possible or not desirable. This rod can
A7.2.29 E2553TX-X. The nominal composition only be used with the GTAW process but caution is ad-
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 25.5 Cr, 9.5 Ni, and 3.4 Mo. vised as it will produce a slag cover whichmust be re-
This electrode is used to join duplex stainless steel base moved before additional weld layers can be deposited. It
metals containing approximately 25 wt.% chromium. is recommended that the manufacturer’sinstructions and
The microstructure of the weld deposit consists of a mix- guidelines be followed when using this rod.
ture of austenite and ferrite. Because of the two-phase
microstructure, this alloy is one of the family of duplex
stainless steel alloys. Duplex stainless steels combine AS. Special Tests
high tensile and yieldstrengths with improved resistance
to pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. AS.l Mechanical Properties. It is recognized that sup-
plementary tests may be required for certain applica-
A7.2.30 R30SLTl-5. The nominal composition tions. In such cases, tests to determine specific.properties
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 18.5 Cr, and 10 Ni with C such as strength at elevated or cryogenic temperatures
held to 0.03 maximum. This flux cored rod is used pri- may be required. ANSI/AWS A5.01, contains provisions
marily for root pass welding of Type 304 or 304L stain- for ordering such tests. This section is included for the
less steel pipingjoints when an inertgas backing purge is guidance of those who desire to specify such special
either not possible or not desirable. This rod can only be tests. Those tests may be conducted asagreed by supplier
used with the GTAW process, but caution is advised as it and purchaser.
will produce a slag cover which must be removed before Tests of joint specimens may be desired when the in-
additional weld layers can be deposited. It is recom- tended application involves the welding of dissimilar
mended that the manufacturer’s instructions and guide- metals. Procedures for the mechanical testing of such
lines be followed when using this rod. joints should be in accordance with ANSUAWS B4.0.
A7.2.31 R309LT1-5. The nominal composition Tests of joint specimens may be influenced by the prop-
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 23.5 Cr and 13 Ni with C erties of the base metal and may not provide adequate
held to 0.03 maximum. This flux cored filler rod is used tests of the weld metal. Such tests should be considered
primarily for the root pass welding of carbon steel pipe to as tests for qualifying the electrodes or rods. Where fab-
austenitic stainless steel pipe when inert gas backing rication codes require testing welds in heat-treated condi-
purge is either not possible or not desirable. The high Cr tions other than thosespecified in Table6, all-weld-metal
and Ni content allows dilution with carbon steel while tests of heat-treated specimens may be desired. For the
still producing a weld metal with sufficient alloyto resist preparation of suchspecimens the procedures outlined in
corrosion. This rod can only be used with the GTAW 8.4 should be used.
process but caution is advised as it will produce a slag
A8.2 Corrosion or Scaling Tests. Although welds
cover which must be removed before additional weld
made with electrodes or rods covered by this specifica-
layers can bedeposited. It is recommended that the man-
tion commonly are used in corrosion- or heat-resisting
ufacturer’s instructions and guidelines be followed when
applications, it is not practical to require tests for corro-
using this rod.
sion or scale resistance on welds or weld metal speci-
A7.2.32 R316LT1-5. The nominal composition mens. Such special tests pertinent to the intended
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 18.5 Cr, 13 Ni and 2.5 Mo application may be conducted as agreed upon between
with C held to 0.03 maximum. This flux cored filler rod the manufacturer and the purchaser. This section is

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 AWS A5.22 95 0784265 0505073 5 T 4
34

included for the guidance of those who desire such spe- tect the head should be used. In addition, appropriate eye
cial tests. protection should be used.
When welding overhead or in confined spaces, ear
A8.2.1 Corrosion or scaling tests of joint specimens plugs to prevent weld spatter from entering the ear canal
have the advantage that the joint design and welding pro- should be worn in combination with goggles, or the
cedure can be made identical to those being used in fabri- equivalent, to give added eye protection. Clothing should
cation However the user must be aware that these are be kept free of grease and oil. Combustible materials
tests of the combined properties of the weld metal, the should not be carried in pockets. If any combustible sub-
heat-affected zone of the base metal, and the unaffected stance has been spilled on clothing, a change to clean,
base metal. It is difficult to obtain reproducible data fire-resistant clothing should be made before working
when a difference exists between the corrosion or oxida- with open arcs or flames. Aprons, cape sleeves, leggings,
tion rates of the various metal structures (weld metal, and shoulder covers with bibs designed for welding ser-
heat-affected zone, and unaffected base metal). Test sam- vice should be used. Where welding or cutting of unusu-
ples cannot be readily standardized if welding procedure ally thick base metal is involved, sheet metal shields
and joint design are to be considered variables. Joint should be used for extra protection. Mechanization of
specimens for corrosion tests should not be used for highly hazardous processes or jobs should be considered.
qualifying the electrode procedures.
Other personnel in the work area should be protected
A8.2.2 All-weld-metal specimens for testing corro- by the use of noncombustible screens or by the use of ap-
sion or scale resistance are prepared by following the propriate protection as described in the previous para-
procedure outlined for the preparation of pads for chemi- graph. Before leaving a work area, hot work pieces
cal analysis (see Section 9). The pad size should be at should be marked to alert other persons of this hazard.
least 314 in. (I 9 mm) in height by 2- 112 in. (65 mm) wide No attempt should be made to repair or disconnect elec-
by 1 +n5/8 in. (25 + n16 mm) long, where “n” represents trical equipment when it is under load: disconnection
the number of specimens required from the pad. Speci- under load produces arcing of the contacts and may
mens measuring 1/2 x 2 x 1/4 in. (13 x 50 x 6.4 mm) are cause burns or shock, or both. (Note: Burns can be
machined from the top surface of the pad in such a way caused by touching hot equipment such as electrode
that the 2 in. (50 mm) dimension of the specimen is par- holders, tips, and nozzles. Therefore, insulated gloves
allel to the 2-1/2 in. (65 mm) width dimension of the pad should be worn when these items are handled, unlessan
and the 1/2 in. (1 3 mm) dimension is parallel to the adequate cooling period has been allowed before
length of the pad. touching.)
The following references are for more detailed infor-
A82.3 The heat treatments, surface finish, and mark- mation on personalprotection:
ing of the specimens prior to testing should be in accor- (1) American National Standards Institute. ANSUASC
dance with standard practices for tests of similar alloys in 287.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye
the wrought or cast forms. The testing procedure should and Face Protection. New York: American National
correspond to the ASTM G4, Standard Method for Con- Standards 1nstitute.l6
ducting Corrosion Tests in Plant Equipment, or ASTM
(2) American National Standards Institute. ANSUASC
A262, Standard Pracrices for Detecting Susceptibility to
2 4 1.1, Safety-Toe Footwear. New York: American Na-
Intergranular Attackin Austenitic Stainless Steels.
tional Standards Institute.
(3) American Welding Society. ANSUASC 249.1,
Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes.Miami,
A9. Safety Considerations FL: American Welding Society.”
(4) OSHA. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 -
A9.1 Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag, and
Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910. Washington, D.C.: U. S.
hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting, and
allied processes. These can cause burns if precautionary Government Printing Office.’8
measures are not used. Workers should wear protective
clothing made of fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open 16. ANSI standards may be obtained from the American
pockets, or other places on clothing that can catch and re- National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY
tain molten metal or sparks should not be worn.High-top 10018.
shoes or leather leggings and fire-resistant gloves should 17. AWS standards may be obtained from the American
be worn. Pant legs should be worn over the outside of Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Fz 33126.
high-top shoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide pro- 18. OSHA standards may be obtained from the U. S . Govem-
tection for the face, neck, and ears, and a covering to pro- ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

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 AWS A5.22 75 m 0784265 0505072 Y30 m
35

A9.2 Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill. How- A9.3 Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, and
ever, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should not allied processes produce fumes and gases which may be
be touched. The manufacturer's instructions and recom- harmful to health. Fumes are solid particles which origi-
mended safe practices should be read and understood. nate from welding filler metals and fluxes, the base
Faulty installation, improper grounding, and incorrect metal, and any coatings present on the base metal. Gases
operation and maintenance of electrical equipment are all are produced during the welding process or may be pro-
sources of danger. duced by the effects of process radiation on the surround-
All electrical equipment and the workpieces should be ing environment. Management, welders, and other
grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead; it is personnel should be aware of the effects of these fumes
used only to complete the welding circuit. A separate and gases. The amount and composition of these fumes
connection is required to ground the workpiece. and gases depend upon the composition of the filler
The correct cable size should be used since sustained metal and base metal, welding process, current level, arc
overloading will cause cable failure and can result in length, and other factors.
possible electrical shock or fire hazard. All electrical The possible effects of overexposure range from irri-
connections should be tight, clean, and dry. Poor connec- tation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system to more se-
tions can overheat and even melt. Further, they can pro- vere complications. Effects may occur immediately or at
duce dangerous arcs and sparks. Water, grease, or dirt some later time. Fumes can cause symptoms such as nau-
should not be allowed to accumulate on plugs, sockets, sea, headaches, dizziness, and metal fume fever. The
or electrical units. Moisture can conduct electricity. possibility of more serious health effects exists when es-
To prevent shock, the work area, equipment, and pecially toxic materials are involved. In confined spaces,
clothing should be kept dry at all times. Welders should the shielding gases and fumes might displace breathing
wear drygloves and rubber soled shoes, or stand on a dry air and cause asphyxiation. One's head should always be
board or insulated platform. Cables and connections kept out of the fumes. Sufficient ventilation, exhaust at
should be kept in goodcondition. Improper or worn elec- the arc, or both, should be used to keep fumes and gases
trical connections may create conditions that could cause from your breathing zone and the general area.
electrical shock or short circuits. Worn, damaged, or bare In some cases, natural air movement will provide
cables should not be used. Open circuit voltage should be enough ventilation. Where ventilation may be question-
avoided. When several welders are working with arcs of able, air sampling should be used to determine if correc-
different polarities, or when a number of alternating cur- tive measures should be applied.
rent machines are being used, the open circuit voltages More detailed information on fumes and gases pro-
can be additive. The added voltages increase the severity duced by the various welding processes may be found in
of the shock hazard. the following:
In case of electric shock, the power should be turned (1) The permissible exposure limits required by
OFF. If the rescuer must resort to pulling the victim from OSHA can be found in Code of Federal Regulations,
the live contact, nonconducting materials should be used. Title 29 - Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 19 1O.
If the victim is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscita- (2) The recommended threshold limit values for
tion (CPR) should be administered as soon as contact these fumes and gases may be found in Threshold Limit
with the electrical source is broken. A physician should Valuesfor Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in
be called and CPR continued until breathing has been re- the Workroom Environment published by the American
stored, or until a physician has arrived. Electrical burns Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
are treated as thermal burns; that is, clean, cold (iced) (ACGIH)?~
compresses should be applied. Contamination should be (3) The results of an AWS-funded study are available
avoided; the area should be covered with a clean, dry in a report entitled, Fumes and Gases in the Welding
dressing; and the patient should be transported to medi- Environment.
cal assistance.
Recognized safety standards such as ANSUASC A9.4 Radiation. Welding, cutting, and allied operations
249.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Ailied Processing, may produce radiant energy (radiation) harmful to
and NFPA No. 70, The National Electrical Code should health. One should becme acquainted with the effects of
be f o l l ~ w e d . ' ~ this radiant energy.

20. ACGIH documents are available from the American Con-

19. NFPA documents are available from the National Fire Pro- ference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists KemperWoods
tection Association, Batterymarch Park,Quincy, MA 02269. Center, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati,OH 45240.

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 AWS A5.22 95 0784265 0505073 3 7 7
36

Radimt energy may be ionizing (such a s x-rays), o r A9.4.3 Ionizing r a d i o t i o n inl’ormation sourccs i n -
nonionizing (such as ultraviolet, visible light, or infra- cludc rhc following:
red). Radiation can produce a variety of effects such as ( I ) Americnn Wclding Socicry. AWS F2.I-78, KBC-
skin burns and eye damage, depending on the radiant onmended Srrfc. Pnrctires jiw Elcwron Heum Wdding
energy’s wavelength and intensity, if excessive exposure and Cutting. Miami, FL: American Wclding Society.
occurs. (2) Manufacturer’s product information lirerarure.
A9.4.1 Ionizing Radiation. Ionizing radiation is A9.4.4 Nonionizing radiation information sources
produced by the electron beam welding process. It is or- include:
dinarily controlled within acceptance limits by use of
(1) American National Standards Institute.
suitable shielding enclosing the welding area.
ANSI/ASC 2136.1,Safe Use of Lasers. New York:
A9.4.2 Nonionizing Radiation. The intensity and American National Standards Institute.
wavelengths of nonionizing radiant energy produced de- (2)American National Standards Institute. ANSI/
pend on many factors, such as the process, welding pa- ASC 287.1,Practice for Occupational and Educational
rameters, electrode and base-metal composition, fluxes, Eye and Face Protection. New York: American National
and any coating or plating on the base metal. Some pro- Standards Institute.
cesses such as resistance welding and cold pressure (3)American Welding Society. ANSI/ASC 249.1,
welding ordinarily produce negligible quantities of radi- Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. Miami,
ant energy. However, most arc welding and cutting pro- FL: American Welding Society.
cesses (except submerged arc when used properly), laser (4) Hinrichs, J. F. “Project Committee on Radiation-
welding and torch welding, cutting, brazing, or soldering Summary Report.” Welding Journal 57( 1):62-65, 1978.
can produce quantities of nonionizing radiation such that
( 5 ) Marshall, W. J., D. H. Sliney, et al. “Optical Radi-
precautionary measures are necessary.
ation Levels Produced by Air Carbon Arc Cutting Pro-
Protection from possible harmful effects caused by cesses.” Welding Journal 59 (3):43-46, 1980.
nonionizing radiant energy from welding include the fol-
(6) Moss, C . E. and W. E. Murray. “Optical Radiation
lowing measures:
Levels Produced in Gas Welding, Torch Brazing, and
(1) One should not look at welding arcs except Oxygen Cutting.” Welding Journal 58 (9):37-46, 1979.
through welding filter plates which meet the require-
ments of ANSUASC 287.1,Practice for Occupational
(7) Moss, C. E. “Optical Radiation Transmission
Levels Through Transparent Welding Curtains.” Welding
and Educational Eye and Face Protection. It should be
Journal 58 (3):69s-7%, 1979.
noted that transparent welding curtains are not intended
as welding filter plates, but rather are intended to protect (8) National Technical Information Service. Nonion-
a passerby from incidental exposure. izing Radiation Protection Special Study No. 42-0053-
(2)Exposed skin should be protected with adequate 77,Evaluation of the Potential Ha2ard.yfrom Actinic U1-
traviolet Radiation Generated by Electric Welding and
gloves and clothing as specified in ANSUASC 249.1,
Cutting Arcs. Springfield, VA: National Technical Infor-
Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processing.
mation Service.2’
(3) Reflections from welding arcs should be avoided,
and all personnel should be protected from intense re- (9) National Technical Information Service. Nonion-
flections. (Note: Paints using pigments of substantially izing Radiation Protection Special Study No. 42-03 12-
zinc oxide or titanium dioxide have a lower reflectance
77,Evaluation of the Potential Retina Hazards from Op-
for ultraviolet radiation.) tical Radiation Generated by Electrical Welding and
Cutting Arcs. Springfield, VA: National Technical Infor-
(4)Screens, curtains, or adequate distance from aisles, mation Service.
walkways, etc., should be used to avoid exposing pass-
ersby to welding operations.
(5) Safety glasses with UV protective side shields 21. National Technical Information documents are available
have been shown to provide some beneficial protection from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
from ultraviolet radiation produced by welding arcs. VA22161.

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 AWS A 5 . 2 2 95 07842b5 0 5 0 5 0 7 4 203

AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents

~ ~~~

AWS Designation
FMC Filler Metal Comparison Charts
A4.2 Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and
Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Metal
A4.3 Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic
Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding
A5.01 Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines
A5.1 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.2 Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding
A5.3 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.4 Specification for Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.5 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes
A5.6 Specification for Covered Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding Electrodes
~ ~~

A5.1 Specification for

Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes
A5.8 Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding
A5.9 Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods
A5.10 Specification for Bare Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
AS. 11 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.12 Specification for Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes for Arc Welding and Cutting
A5.13 Specification for Solid Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes
~~~ ~~

A5.14 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods
AS.15 Soecification for Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron
A5.16 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
A5.17 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
A5.18 ~~ ~
Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods forGas Shielded Arc Welding
A5.19 Specification for Magnesium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
_____~ ~

A5.20 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
A5.21 Specification for Composite Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes
A5.22 Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless Steel Flux Cored Rods for
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
A5.23 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
A5.24 Specification for Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
~~~

A5.25 Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Electroslag
~~ ~

A5.26 Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Electrogas Welding
A5.28 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals forGas Shielded Arc Welding
A5.29 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
A5.30 Specification for Consumable Inserts
A5.31 Specification for Fluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding

550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami,

For ordering information, contact the Order Department, American Welding Society,
Florida 33 126. Phone: 1-800-334-9353.

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