02/04/2012
Facts and Figures
•India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world
(ranks next to China) and accounts for about 15% of the world’s
Indigenous fruits and vegetables production of vegetables
Of India and their derivatives
•Largest producer of fruits= 71.516 million ton
•Total production = 205.254 million tonnes
•Post harvest losses are huge = 25% of total produce ( Rs 50,000 cr
annually)
Dr Charanjit Kaur
Division of Post Harvest Technology •India’s share is only 1% of world trade
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
New Delhi 110 012
•We have reservoir of indigenous/underutilized fruits/vegetables
1 NHB, 2011
Top 4 -Global food trends Farm-Friendly, natural, minimally processed
Doctoring through diet- functional
Layering of Flavours-
foods/nutraceuticals ----rising health care costs exotic/traditional/fermented
Fancy foods- sushi, momos, etc
3 4
Modern Theory of Disease
Value addition – The need
Increased globalization
Rapid growth of food supermarket chain and
international trade
Increased consumer awareness on the health
promoting capacity of health promoting capacity of
fruits and vegetable- in managing life-style diseases
Renewed interest in therapeutic knowledge of natural A substance that is able to prevent the oxidation of oxidation
plant products/traditional knowledge of oxidizable substrate when present in low concentrations
lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin
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02/04/2012
Indigenous/underutilized fruits --
Anthocyanins- health perspective Anthocyanins
CHOL lowering Cardioprotective effects
Red wine, blueberries, amla, ber
Anti-inflammatory Anthocyanins Antidiabetic
Tart cherries, blueberries Amla, jamun, ber
kokum
Jamun
Phalsa
Ocular effects
Anti-carcinogenic effects Bilberry, black currant
Ber, amla
Brinjal
Black carrots karonda mulberry
Jamun (Syzygium cumini) Processing of Jamun juice
Jamun
Blanching (90˚ C, 1 min)
Crushing
Rich source of carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins and minerals.
Pressing (0.88 Mpa)
Astringent property is due to oxalic acids, tannic acids, gallic acid and certain
alkaloids
Anthocyanin, phenolics or tannins and help in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and
Pasteurization (90˚C, 1 min)
platelet aggregation
Anti-tumor, antimutagenic and has hepatoprotective properties
Non blanched
Blanched juice
juice
Anthocyanin : 423.95 mg/L Anthocyanin : 1267 mg/L
Total phenol: 147.5 mg GAE/100ml Total phenol: 270 mg GAE/100ml
FRAP: 18.8 µ mol/ml FRAP: 48.2 µ mol/ml
Value added products Black Carrots
•Black carrots a under-utilized vegetable
•A potential source of health pigment- anthocyanins
•Contains acylated anthocyanin cyanidin-3-sinopoyl-
Chips made of jamun pulp xylosyl- glucosyl-galactoside (27.5%)
•Shows greater stability towards light & heat
FDA approved color to replace carmiosine
Madhu Rakshak
Capsule Solution to replace synthetic colors
Vinegar
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02/04/2012
Product development
KANJI – Traditional food revisited
Natural Black carrot fermented with
Salt(3%) and mustard (1.5%)
Fermented product has high antioxidant activity
even higher than fruit juices
Karonda(Carissa carandus)
Karonda
• High in ascorbic acid, iron, anthocyanins
• antiscorbutic and used to cure anaemia.
• Glazed Karonda is widely used as a topping on bakery
products such as cakes, pasteries, icecreams and paan.
Kokum Brinjal (Solanum melongena )
(Solanaceae)
Anthocyanins (major anthocyanin is delphinidin-3-rutinoside)
Traditional Ayurvedic medicine infusions to treat skin ailments like Nasunin – a flavonoid a potent anti-carcinogenic agent
allergic rashes, burns, chafed skin and scalds; provide relief from
sunstroke
High in soluble fiber content
Has high glucosidase inhibitory activity- a potential for
Tonic for the heart and liver managing type-2diabetes
Thermal processing enhances the antioxidant activity- roasting increases the AOX
Freezing can be explored to make availability of roasted brinjal
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02/04/2012
Medicinal Property Phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis )
Tiliaceae
Analgesic, anthelmintic, nematicidal, antifilarial,
antifungal, anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiviral,
dental care, depressants of central and autonomous
nervous system and gastro-intestinal disorders
Fruits astringent properties& used for several stomach
ailments
Fresh or dried fruits are suggested to cure heart and blood
disorders, fever and diarrhoea
The root bark is used for rheumatism
Phytoconstituents Amla (Phyllanthus emblica)
• Grewinol, a long chain keto alcohol,
tetratricontane-22-ol-13-one
• The seeds contain 5% of a bright-yellow oil
containing 8.3% palmitic acid, 11.0% stearic
acid, 13.4% oleic acid, 64.5% linoleic acid; 2.8% Treat urinary problem, kapha problems, supports liver.
unsaponifiable
Body coolent, improve digestion
Amla an antioxidant for cholesterol and blood sugar control,
delaying development of diabetic
Amla - Phytoconstituents Value added products
• High ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 445 mg/100g
• Polyphenols: flavonoids, kaempferol, ellagic acid,
phyllemblin (ethyl gallate) and gallic acid
Phyllemblin
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Bael - Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) Phytoconstituents
Fruit : Marmelosin, luvangetin, aurapton, psoralen, mormelide,
Imperatorin and tanin
Marmelosin: Antihelmantic
Antibacterial
activity
Aurapton: Antihypertension
activity
• Consumed raw & as sharbat, squash, murabba, jam etc.
• Medicinal properties and used for the cure of diarrhoea,
dysentery & other stomach ailments Mormelide: Effective against
virus
• ‘Marmelosin’ - Therapeutic property
Amongst the fruits it is richest source of flavonoids
Ber (Ziziphus Species) Medicinal Property
Widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and avurveda
Leaves have hypoglycemic effects
Essential oil has hair growing potential
Fruits and Zizyphus polysaccharides is a good therapeutic
Catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, rutin, p- candidate for a valuable hepatoprotection food.
hydroxybenzoic acid and chlorogenic acid present in fruit
Quercetin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, apigenin-7-
glucoside, eriodictyol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic
acid and syringic acid present in leaves
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
Elaichi Seb Gola Umran
Z G-3 Jogia Sonaur 5 Thornless
Fruit is rich in ascorbic acid and isoflavonoids
•Strengthen Immune System
•Protect against Cancer
•Aids in healthy digestion
Rashmi Chuhara Mundia Kaithali •Maintain a Healthy Eye and Skin, Control Asthma
•Remarkable attenuations of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
Can be processed to juice / chawanprash/
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02/04/2012
Value added products Tamarind
Contains tannnins, saponins, sesquiterpenes and alkaloids
In Indian ayurveda for gastric and/or digestion problems, and in
cardioprotective activity
Decoction used for treatment of stomach disorders, general
pain, jaundice, yellow fever and as blood tonic and skin cleanser
and malarial fever
Jack fruit Wine
Research Gaps --Product innovations
Documentation of Antioxidant potential of our indigenous /
undertuilized fruits – advocated through media/ press
New product developments : functional beverages(anthocyanin),
extruded products, breads, health supplements, chawanprash
Juiceceuticals- hybrid dairy products – fruit pulps can enhance the
probiotic viability in yoghurts.
Shelf –life studies/ packaging studies
Quality products with stable formulations of bioactive principles
Raw material availability can be tackled with
adequate blending
