REAKTOR (R-01)
I. Fungsi : Tempat terjadikan reaksi hidrodealkilasi pembentukan benzen
Laju alir massa : 31137.238 kg/jam 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 (𝑁
Q pendingin :
Tekanan : 25 atm
Temperatur : 600 °C
(Analysis, Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes by Richard T., Richard C.,
Baile and Friend)
𝜌�=(𝐵𝑀� 𝑥 𝑃)/(𝑅 𝑥
Densitas Campuran : 𝜌𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎�=ρi .Xi 𝑇)
P = 25 atm
T = 873 K
R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K
Komponen ni fraksi mol i BM ρi ρcamp.
(Berdasarkan laju alir masuk (i) (mol/jam) (Xi) (g/mol) (gr/dm3) (gr/dm3)
Reaktor) Benzena 718.8 0.0003873128 78 27.207 0.01053754
Toluena 304096.8 0.1638572389 92 32.09 5.25818749
Hidrogen 1550893.6 0.8356718754 2 0.6976 0.58297293
Metana 155.1 8.35729207E-05 16 5.5809 0.00046641
Total 1855864.3 1 5.85216437
Densitas Campuran : 5.85216437 gr/dm3 𝜌=𝑚/� �=𝑚/ρ
Volumetrik Rate (V) : 5320636.27 dm3/jam
II. Spesifikasi Katalis
Jenis Katalis : Chromia Alumina (Al2O3-Cr2O3)
Diameter Katalis : 3.1 mm
Panjang : 3 mm (US Patent 378388)
GHSV : 815 /jam
Bentuk : Pellet
Porositas : 0.8
III. Volume Katalis
𝐺𝐻𝑆�= (�𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟�𝑘 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠)/(�𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑘𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙�𝑠 (𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒�𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑜𝑟))
𝐾𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙�𝑠= (�𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟�𝑘 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠)/𝐺𝐻𝑆�
Volumetrik rate gas = 5320636.27 dm3/jam
GHSV = 815 /jam
Volume katalis = 6528.38806 dm3
Faktor keamanan 20% = 7834.06567 dm3
REAKTOR (R-01)
P design = 30.017252059 atm 441.430177
r tube = Tube OD(in)/2 = 0.375 in
f = 8500 psia = 578 1 psia = 0,068 atm
effisiensi = 0.8 atm
penyambungan
C (faktor = 0,0125 in/tahun= 0.125 in
korosi)
𝑡𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒=(𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠�𝑔� 𝑥 (𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 (𝑂�)))/(𝑓 𝑥 𝑒 − (0,6𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠�𝑔�))+�
tebal tube = 0.1503301794 in
= 0.1875 in (mengikuti standar tabel 5.6 brownell young)
ID tube = OD - 2 (tebal tube) = 0.375 in
ID tube = 0,375 in
V. Diameter Shell
ID shel= 39 in = 0.9906 m
VI. Tebal Shell
tebal shell = 1.44216933 in
= 1.5 in (mengikuti standar tabel 5.6
brownell young)
OD shell = ID shell + 2 (tebal shell)
= 39 + 3
OD shell = 42 in
VII. Tebal Head
Tebal Head = (Pdesign x radius of crown x W)/((2 x f x e)-(0,2 x P design))
r = 42
icr = 3.75 3 3/4 (Tabel 5.7 Brownell young)
W = 1/4 x ((3+(r/icr))^0,5) Torispherical head (Flanged and dishead head)
= 0.94207218
f = 578 atm
e = 0.8
P desig= 25.0143767 atm
Tebal Head = 1.07604667 in
Tebal Head standar = 1.125 in (Tabel 5.6 Brownell Young)
1 1/8
REAKTOR (R-01)
VIII. Tinggi head dan volume head
Thickness (in) = 1,125 in
Sf dipilih = 1.5 1 1/2 in
icr = 2.375 3 3/8 in
r = 42 in
Dengan demikian direncanakan reaktor fixed bed dengan spesifikasi :
Shell :
ID = 39 in = 0.9906 m
OD = 42 in = 1.0668 m
Tebal shell = 1.5 in = 0.0381 m
Tube :
ID = 0,375 in = 0.009525 m
OD = 0,75 in = 0.01905 m
Jumlah tube dengan 2-P = 1330 tube
Pitch = 15/16 in triangular pitch = 0.0238125 m
Panjang tube = 1000 in = 25.4 m
Tebal tube = 0.1875 in = 0.0047625 m
Tebal head = 1.125 in = 0.028575 m
Tinggi head = 8.8916122513 in = 0.2258469512 m
Volume head = 0.0001477538 m3 = 0.0001477538 m3
Tinggi reaktor= 25.851693902 m = 25.8516939024 m
Volume total = 0.0128087648 m3 = 0.0128087648 m3
reaktor
Bahan yang digunakan adalah stainless steel SA-167 grade 11 tipe 316
Bentuk head Torispherical head (Flanged and dishead head)
REAKTOR (R-01)
III. Jumlah Tube (Nt) 1 in = 0,0254 m
𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 (𝑁𝑡)= (�𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑘𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙�𝑠)/((1−𝑋)𝑥(0,25� 〖��〗 ^2 𝐿)) 1 ft = 0,305 m
Spesifikasi tube : (Tabel 10. Kern)
(pendekatan) OD (in) = 1.5
BWG = 18
ID (in) = 1.4 0.03556 m
Flow area = 1.54
per tube
(in2)
Surface = 0.3925
per lin
(ft2/ft)
Volume Katalis = 6528.388 dm3 = 6.528388 m3
X = 0.8
ID = 0.03556 m
L (panjang tube) = 1000 in = 25.4 m
Nt = 1294.64
Nt = 1330 (mengikuti standar Tabel 9. Kern)
Shell ID (in) = 39
2-P = 1330 tube
Tube OD (in) = 0.75 (3/4) (Tabel 9 Kern)
15/16 in Triangular pitch
L (in) = 1000
Laju alir umpan dalam tube = Feed masuk / jumlah tube
= 4000.478 dm3/jam
IV. Tebal Tube
𝑡𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒=(𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠�𝑔� 𝑥 (𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒))/(𝑓 𝑥 𝑒 − (0,6𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠�𝑔�))+�
P design = P operasi + P hidrostatik psi
P operasi = 25 atm
P hidrostat= ρ.g.tinggi cairan tinggi cair = 1000 in
= 1456720.755 gr/m.s2 = 25.4 m
= 1456.720755 kg/m.s2 ρcampuran= 5.852164 gr/dm3
= 1456.720755 Pa = 5852.164 gr/m3
= 0.014376716 atm g = 9.8 m/s
P design = 25.01437672 atm 1 atm = 101325 Pa
Faktor = 30.01725206 atm
Keamanan
20%
REAKTOR (R-01)
Bahan yang digunakan adalah stainless steel SA-167 grade 11 tipe 316
Allowable stress (f) = 8500 psia 1112 F 600 °C
(item 4, allowable stress p.342)
Dari Figure 5.8 Process Equipment Design by Brownell and Young
a = ID/2 = 19.5 in
AB = a-icr = 17.125 in
BC = r-icr = 39.625 in
AC = (BC2-AB2)^0,5 = 35.73339 in
b = r-AC = 6.266612 in
OA = Tinggi hea= th + b + Sf
= 1.125 + 6.266612 + 1.5
Tinggi hea= 8.891612 in
Tinggi hea= 0.225847 m
1 in = 0,0254 m
Volume head = 2 x 0,000076 x ID3 1 ft = 0,305 m
= 0.000147754 m3
IX. Tinggi reaktor dan volume reaktor
- Tinggi reaktor = Tinggi shell+ 2xTinggi Head
= 25.4 + 0.451694
Tinggi reaktor = 25.85169 m
- Volume total reaktor
x P design)) Vt = Vsilinder + Vhead + 2Vsf
V silinder = 1/4 x π x IDshell2 x L
= 0.012623142 m3
V head = 0.000147754 m3
Vsf = 1/4 x π x IDshell2 x sf
= 1.89347E-05 m3
2Vsf = 3.78694E-05 m3
Vt = 0.012808765 m3
