Functions of
Communication
Regulation and Control
◎ Purpose of the speaker:
control others managing
their behavior
◎ Authorities, hierarchies, and
formal guidelines.
Social Interaction
◎ Most familiar and the primary reason
why people want to communicate.
◎ Maintaining and establishing social
relationships.
◎ Allows people to be connected with one
another.
◎ Conversation with one another gives the
people involved pleasure while passing
the time in an entertaining way.
Motivation
◎ Gives encouragement
◎ Purpose of the speaker is to
persuade or try to persuade
another person to change his or
her attitude or behavior.
◎ Move the listener away from
his/her own position toward the
speaker’s own position
Information
◎ Used when the speaker wants
to make others aware of certain
data, concepts, and processes
– knowledge that maybe useful
to them.
◎ Communication enables us to
discover the external world.
◎ Facilities decision making.
◎ Helps us to identify and
evaluate choices.
Emotional Expression
◎ The speaker appeals to the
listener’s feelings and emotions
to encourage him/her to act in
a particular direction.
◎ Communication provides a
release for the emotional
expression of feelings and for
fulfillment of social needs.
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Communicative Competence
◎A term used in
linguistics which refers
to a language user’s
grammatical knowledge
as well as social
knowledge about how
and when to use
utterances
appropriately.
Communicative Competence
CALP and BICS
Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills
o
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
o
o
◎ Grammatical Competence/Linguistic
Competence
• grammatical structure of a language
◎ Discourse Competence
• a person’s ability to produce/comprehend
texts
• connect sentences to form a meaningful
whole out of a series of utterances
(organising).
◎ Sociolinguistic Competence
• involves interpreting the social meaning
of the choice of linguistic varieties and
using language in the appropriate social
meaning for the communication
situation.
◎ Strategic Competence/Linguistic Competence
• manipulating language to meet
communicative goals.
• used to compensate communication
disruption and to strengthen communication
effects.
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Intrapersonal
Communication
Intrapersonal
Communication
◎ Act of having an internal
dialogue with yourself
(self-talk).
◎ On-going internal
process.
Intrapersonal Communication
Importance of Self-Talk
Affects our performances.
Influences our
communication with others.
Makes a deep impact on our
personality.
Intrapersonal Communication
Intrapersonal Process of
Communication
◎ Reception
• body receives different stimuli
◎ Selective Perception/Discrimination
• Screening out a huge number of stimuli
◎ Regrouping
• Rating of the stimuli in order of
importance
Intrapersonal Communication
◎ Symbol Decoding
• Stimuli thought
symbols
◎ Ideation
• Planning, thinking,
organizing thought
◎ Incubation
• Associating, extensive
thinking
Intrapersonal Communication
◎ Encoding
• Words or gesture to convey
intended messages.
◎ Transmission
• Nerve impulses in the brain
◎ Feedback
Interpersonal
Communication
Interpersonal
Communication
◎ Informal interaction in the
process of sending and
receiving information
between two or more
people.
Interpersonal Communication
◎ Elements
• People
• Message
• Effects (physical,
mental, emotional)
Interpersonal Communication
◎ Characteristics
• Involves at least two people
• Involves feedback
• Need not to be face-to-face
• Need not to be intentional
• Produces some effects
• Need not be involve words
• Affected by noise
Interpersonal Communication
Styles
1. Controlling
• one-way communication
• direct others and gain
their compliance
• imperatives and
directives
• most effective during a
crisis
Interpersonal Communication
2. Egalitarian
• two-way
• not directed or forced
• stimulates and motivates
the listeners to share
opinions and ideas
• mutual understanding;
cooperation
Interpersonal Communication
3. Structuring
• Inform others of goals
or produces to obtain
compliance
• Establishing schedules
and imposing
organizational standards
Interpersonal Communication
4. Dynamic
• high-energy level
approach
• inspirational pleas to
move others to take
actions
• in times of emergencies
Interpersonal Communication
5. Relinquishing
• deferential, not directive
• high regard to opinion of
others
• yielding responsibility for
communication to the
receivers
Interpersonal Communication
6. Withdrawing
• No communication
• Avoid using their
influence to get
things done (lack of
interest or concern).
Dyadic
Communication
Dyadic Communication
◎ Intimacy
• participants have a
shared history
◎ Immediacy
• feedback is immediate
◎ Proximity
• “here”; face-to-face
Dyadic Communication
FORMS:
◎ Conversations
• Face-to-face means of communication using
verbal and nonverbal symbols.
• Main characteristics:
￮ no definite topic/purpose
￮ participants have shared history
￮ encounter is spontaneous or unplanned
￮ two-way
￮ reception and evaluation of the feedback
are immediate
Dyadic Communication
◎ Dialogue
• Purposive face to face encounter
• definite agenda/topic to discuss
• problem solving
• Main characteristics:
￮ Planned
￮ more intimate
￮ require more self-revelation in aid of
problem-solving
￮ more orderly (topic and speaker)
Dyadic Communication
Five-step Pattern
1. Greeting and Small-talk.
2. Introducing the topic.
3. Exchanging and processing of
information.
4. Summarizing decisions and
clarifying the next step.
5. Formal closing.
Dyadic Communication
◎ Interview
• interviewer and
interviewee
• purpose: gathering
information
Dyadic Communication
INTERVIEWS ACCORDING TO THEIR PURPOSES
• Press interview
○ gathers information facts ,and data
to review a problem.
• Performance interview
○ appraisal interview-evaluates the job
performance of someone for
purposes of promotion.
Dyadic Communication
• Counselling interview
￮ alter undesirable behaviour
• Grievance interview
￮ improve or solve problem
situations
• Correction interview
￮ modifying unacceptable
behaviour
Dyadic Interview
• Sales interview
￮ solution to a problem and
makes a sale
• Exit interview
￮ reasons for learning for
creating goodwill
• Survey interview
￮ gather data for research
questions
Group
Communication
Group Communication
Different Groups
• Primary Groups
￮ Support groups sense of belonging
• Social Groups
￮ Groups of people who enjoy being with us
in pursuit of recreational or social goals
• Self-Help Groups
￮ Support and encouragement, dealing with
similar problems.
Group Communication
• Learning Groups
￮ acquire information and developing
skills
• Service Groups
￮ dedicated to worthy causes that
help other people
• Work Groups
￮ job-related tasks
Public
Communication
Public
Communication
◎ Speaking to a group of
people in a structured
deliberate manner
intended to inform,
influence or entertain the
listeners.
Public Communication
Characteristics
1. It is audience-centered
3 kinds of audience
a.) Friendly audience- good listeners
b.) Passive audience- do not care
c.) Hostile audience- oppose
everything
2. It invokes and implores critical thinking
3. It requires ethics.
4.It is an empowering activity.
