U.S.

Department of Transportation

TRAFFIC SAFETY FACTS 2012

A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the

Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System

 2012 NATIONAL STATISTICS

POLICE-REPORTED MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASHES

Fatal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,800

Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,634,000

Property Damage Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,950,000

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,615,000

TRAFFIC CRASH VICTIMS Killed Injured

Occupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22,912 2,134,000
Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16,769 1,489,000
Passengers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6,061 644,000
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82 1,000
Motorcyclists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,957 93,000
Nonoccupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,692 136,000
Pedestrians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,743 76,000
Pedalcyclists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
726 49,000
Other/Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223 10,000
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33,561 2,362,000

OTHER NATIONAL STATISTICS

Vehicle Miles Traveled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,968,815,000,000
Resident Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
313,914,040
Registered Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
265,647,194
Licensed Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
211,814,830
Economic Cost of Traffic Crashes (2010)

(estimate for reported and unreported crashes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $277 billion

NATIONAL RATES: FATALITIES

Fatalities per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.13
Fatalities per 100,000 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.69
Fatalities per 100,000 Registered Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.63
Fatalities per 100,000 Licensed Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.84

NATIONAL RATES: INJURED PERSONS

Injured Persons per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
Injured Persons per 100,000 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
752
Injured Persons per 100,000 Registered Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
889
Injured Persons per 100,000 Licensed Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,115

Sources: Crashes, Fatalities, Injuries, and Costs—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Population—U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration.
Registered Vehicles—R.L. Polk & Company and Federal Highway Administration.
DOT HS 812 032

Traffic Safety Facts 2012

A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the
Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

National Center for Statistics and Analysis
U.S. Department of Transportation
Washington, DC 20590

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Information on traffic fatalities is available from the National Center for Statistics and Analysis, NVS-424,
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590. NCSA can be contacted at 800-934-8517 or e-mail
ncsaweb@dot.gov. General information on highway traffic safety is online at www. nhtsa.gov/NCSA. To
report a safety-related problem or to inquire about motor vehicle safety information, contact the Vehicle
Safety Hotline at 888-327-4236. Fact sheets available from the National Center for Statistics and Analysis
are Alcohol-Impaired Driving, Bicyclists and Other Cyclists, Children, Large Trucks, Motorcycles, Occupant
Protection, Older Population, Overview, Passenger Vehicles, Pedestrians, Race and Ethnicity, Rural/Urban
Comparisons, School Transportation-Related Crashes, Speeding, State Alcohol Estimates, and Young Drivers.
The fact sheets and annual Traffic Safety Facts reports can be accessed online at www-nrd.nhtsa.
dot.gov/CATS/index.aspx.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

FARS Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3

GES Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5

About This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Data Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1. Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2. Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

3. Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

4. People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

5. States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Appendix A. FARS Data Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Crash Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Vehicle Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Driver Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Person (Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Person (Not Motor Vehicle Occupant)Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Appendix B. GES Data Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Crash Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Vehicle Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Driver Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Person (Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Person (Not Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Appendix C. GES Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Standard Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Unknowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

iii
 TABLES

TRENDS: General
1. Crashes by Crash Severity, 1988-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2. Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Population, Licensed Drivers,

Registered Vehicles, and Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3. Vehicles Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Vehicle Miles of Travel

and per Registered Vehicle by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4. Persons Killed or Injured by Person Type and Vehicle Type, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5. Drivers Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Licensed Driver by Sex

and Crash Severity, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

TRENDS: Occupants
6. Motor Vehicle Occupant and Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates per Population

by Age Group, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

7. Passenger Car Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates

per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

8. Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Registered Vehicle

and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

9. Large Truck Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates

per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

10. Motorcyclists Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Registered Vehicle

and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

TRENDS: Large Truck Related

11. Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes Involving a Large Truck by Person Type

and Crash Type, 1975-2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

TRENDS: Nonoccupants
12. Nonoccupant Fatality and Injury Rates per Population by Age Group, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

TRENDS: Alcohol
13. Persons Killed, by Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the Crash, 1982-2012 . . . 42

14. Persons Killed and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving During Holiday Periods, 1982-2012 . . . . . . . . 44

15. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Time of Day, 1982-2012 . . . . . 46

16. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Sex, 1982-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

17. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Vehicle Type, 1982-2012 . . . . 48

18. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Age, 1982-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

19. Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Survival Status, 1982-2012 . . . 54

20. Pedestrians Killed, 14 Years and Older, by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC), 1982-2012 . . . . . . . 55

TRENDS: Restraints
21. Drivers of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks in Crashes by Crash Severity

and Restraint Use, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

22. Occupants of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Killed or Injured, by Restraint Use, 1975-2012 . . . . . 58

TRENDS: Rollover
23. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by Vehicle Type

and Rollover Occurrence, 1982-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

iv Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Tables (Continued)

CRASHES: Time
24. Crashes and Crash Rates by Month and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

25. Crashes by Time of Day, Day of Week, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

26. Crashes by Weather Condition, Light Condition, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

27. Fatal Crashes by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times

Within Designated Minutes and by Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

CRASHES: Location
28. Crashes by Crash Type, Relation to Roadway, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

CRASHES: Circumstances
29. Crashes by First Harmful Event, Manner of Collision, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

30. Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

CRASHES: Alcohol
31. Fatal Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving, by Time of Day and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

VEHICLES: All Vehicles

32. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Relation to Junction, Traffic Control Device, and Crash Severity . . . 78

33. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Speed Limit, Crash Type, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

34. Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Speed Limit and Land Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

35. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Number of Lanes, Trafficway Flow, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . 81

36. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

37. Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Body Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

38. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type, Rollover Occurrence, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . 84

39. Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type, Fire Occurrence, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

40. Vehicles Involved in Single- and Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Maneuver and Crash Severity . . . . 87

41. Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Roadway Function Class, Crash Type,

and Hazardous Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

VEHICLES: Passenger Cars

42. Passenger Cars Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

43. Passenger Cars Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . 92

VEHICLES: Light Trucks

44. Light Trucks Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

45. Light Trucks Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . . . 94

VEHICLES: Large Trucks

46. Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

47. Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . . . 96

48. Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Truck Type, Rollover Occurrence, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . 97

49. Truck Tractors with Trailers Involved in Crashes by Number of Trailers, Jackknife Occurrence,

and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

v
 Tables (Continued)

VEHICLES: Motorcycles
50. Motorcycles Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

51. Motorcycles Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . . . . 100

VEHICLES: Buses
52. Buses Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

53. Buses Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

PEOPLE: All Victims

54. Persons Killed or Injured, by Person Type and Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

55. Persons Killed or Injured, by Age and Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

56. Persons Killed or Injured, by Sex and Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

57. Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population, by Age and Sex . . . . 108

58. Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Weather Condition and Light Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

59. Persons Killed in Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities,

by Time of Day and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

60. Persons Killed in Work Zones, by Roadway Function Class and Person Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

61. Persons Killed in Crashes Involving Emergency Vehicles, by Person Type, Crash Type,

and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

PEOPLE: Drivers
62. Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers, by Age, Sex, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . 115

63. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Previous Driving Record

and License Type Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

64. Related Factors for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

PEOPLE: Occupants
65. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type, Person Type, and Injury Severity. . . . . . . . . . . 118

66. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

67. Vehicle Occupants Killed in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

68. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Sex and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

69. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

70. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age, Person Type, and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

71. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type and Most Harmful Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

72. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Initial Point of Impact and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

73. Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type and Ejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

74. Occupants Killed or Injured in Two-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Types Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

75. Occupants Involved in Fatal Crashes and Occupant Fatalities, by Vehicle Body Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

76. Passenger Car Occupants Involved in Fatal Crashes and Occupants Killed, by Car Wheelbase Size . . 129

vi Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Tables (Continued)

PEOPLE: Alcohol
77. Persons Killed and Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities, by Person Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

78. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age

and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

79. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed in Crashes, by Time of Day, Day of Week, Age,

Alcohol Impairment, and Crash Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

80. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed in Crashes, by Age

and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

81. Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Vehicle Type

and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

82. Persons Killed, by Age and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the Crash . . . . . . 135

83. Pedestrians Killed, by Pedestrian’s and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

PEOPLE: Restraints
84. Drivers Involved in Crashes, by Vehicle Type, Restraint Use, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

85. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age and Restraint Use . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

86. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupant Survivors of Fatal Crashes, by Age and Restraint Use. . . . . 138

87. Passenger Car Occupants Killed or Injured, by Seating Position and Restraint Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

88. Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Seating Position and Restraint Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

89. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Restraint Use

and Type of Restraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

PEOPLE: Rollover
90. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by Crash Type, Vehicle Type,

and Rollover Occurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

PEOPLE: Motorcyclists
91. Motorcyclists Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

92. Motorcyclists Killed, by Person Type and Helmet Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

93. Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age and License Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

PEOPLE: School Bus Related

94. Pedestrians Killed in School Bus Related Crashes, by Age and Striking Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

95. Persons Killed or Injured in School Bus Related Crashes, by Person Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

PEOPLE: Pedestrians
96. Pedestrians Killed or Injured, by Age and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

97. Pedestrians Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,

by Age and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

98. Pedestrians Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

99. Pedestrians Killed or Injured in Single-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Type

and Initial Point of Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

100. Pedestrians Killed, by Related Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

vii
 Tables (Continued)
PEOPLE: Pedalcyclists
101. Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured, by Age and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
102. Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
103. Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
104. Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured in Single-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Type
and Initial Point of Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
105. Pedalcyclists Killed, by Related Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

STATES: Crashes and All Victims

106. 2012 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
107. Fatal Crashes, by State and First Harmful Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
108. Fatal Crashes, by State and Roadway Function Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
109. Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
110. Persons Killed, Licensed Drivers, Registered Vehicles, Population, and Fatality Rates by State . . . . . . 168
111. Persons Killed, by State and Person Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
112. Persons Killed, by State and Age Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
STATES: Occupants
113. Occupants Killed, by State and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
114. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State and Restraint Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
STATES: Rollover
115. Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
STATES: Pedestrians
116. 2012 Ranking of State Pedestrian Fatality Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
STATES: Alcohol
117. Persons Killed, by State and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the Crash . . . . . 182
118. Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of the Driver . . 184
119. Drivers Killed in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of the Driver . . . . 186
120. Surviving Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
of the Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
STATES: Speeding
121. Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
STATES: Emergency Medical Services
122. Rural Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times . . . . 192
123. Urban Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times . . . 194
viii Traffic Safety Facts 2012
 Tables (Continued)
STATES: City Rates
124. Persons Killed, Population, and Fatality Rates by City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
STATES: Fatalities and Fatality Rates
125. Fatalities and Fatality Rates by State, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
STATES: Laws
126. Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
127. History of State Motorcycle Helmet Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES ix

 FIGURES

TRENDS
1. Fatal Crashes, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2. Motor Vehicle Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2012 . . . . . . . 20

3. Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers 16 Years and Older

by Sex and Crash Severity, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4. Passenger Car Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,

1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

5. Light Truck Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,

1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6. Large Truck Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,

1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

7. Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1975-2012 . . . . . . . . . 37

8. Proportion of Persons Killed, by Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

in the Crash, 1982-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

9. Proportion of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes with BAC = .08+ by Vehicle Type, 1982-2012 . . . . 49

10. Proportion of Drivers in Fatal Crashes with BAC = .08+ by Age, 1982-2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

CRASHES
11. Average Fatal Crashes per Hour, by Time of Day, Weekdays and Weekends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

12. Percent of Fatal Crashes Involving Alcohol-Impaired Driving, by Time of Day and Crash Type . . . . . 73

VEHICLES
13. Proportion of Vehicles Involved in Traffic Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

14. Percent Rollover Occurrence, by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

15. Percent of Vehicles in Crashes, by Most Harmful Event and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

16. Percent of Vehicles in Crashes, by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Type, and Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . 90

x Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Figures (Continued)

PEOPLE
17. Percent of Persons Killed or Injured, by Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

18. Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population, by Age and Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

19. Percent of Persons Killed in Alcohol-Impaired Driving Crashes, by Time of Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

20. Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by First Harmful Event and Manner of Collision . . . . . . . 113

21. Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by Time of Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

22. Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers, by Age, Sex, and Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . 116

23. Percent of Vehicle Occupants Killed, by Speed Limit and Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

24. Percent Alcohol Impairment (BAC .08 or Higher) for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders

Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

25. Percent of Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed Who Were Alcohol-Impaired

(BAC .08 or Higher), by Driver Age, Crash Type, Time of Day, and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

26. Average Number of Motorcyclists Killed per Hour, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

27. Average Number of Pedestrians Killed per Hour, by Time of Day and Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

STATES
28. 2012 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

xi
 INTRODUCTION

I n this annual report, Traffic Safety Facts 2012: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality
Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA) presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property
damage to those that result in the loss of human life.

Information from two of NHTSA’s primary data systems has been combined to create a single source for motor
vehicle crash statistics. The first data system, the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), is probably the
better known of the two sources. Established in 1975, FARS contains data on the most severe traffic crashes, those
in which someone was killed. The second source is the National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates
System (GES), which began operation in 1988. GES contains data from a nationally representative sample of
police-reported crashes of all severities, including those that result in death, injury, or property damage. The next
two sections provide a brief description of FARS and GES.

Both systems were designed and developed by NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) to
provide an overall measure of highway safety, to help identify traffic safety problems, to suggest solutions, and to
help provide an objective basis on which to evaluate the effectiveness of motor vehicle safety standards and highway
safety initiatives. Data from these systems are used to answer requests for information from the international and
national highway traffic safety communities, including State and local governments, the Congress, Federal
agencies, research organizations, industry, the media, and private citizens.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

1
 FARS OPERATIONS

T he Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), which became operational in 1975, contains data on a
census of fatal traffic crashes within the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. To be included in
FARS, a crash must involve a motor vehicle traveling on a trafficway customarily open to the public, and must
result in the death of an occupant of a vehicle or a nonoccupant within 30 days of the crash.

NHTSA has a cooperative agreement with an agency in each State’s government to provide information on all
qualifying fatal crashes in the State. These agreements are managed by Regional Contracting Officer’s Technical
Representatives located in the 10 NHTSA Regional Offices. Trained State employees, called “FARS Analysts,”
are responsible for gathering, translating, and transmitting their State’s data to NCSA in a standard format. The
number of analysts varies by State, depending on the number of fatal crashes and the ease of obtaining data.

FARS data are obtained solely from the State’s existing documents:
Police Accident Reports Death Certificates
State Vehicle Registration Files Coroner/Medical Examiner Reports
State Driver Licensing Files Hospital Medical Reports
State Highway Department Data Emergency Medical Service Reports
Vital Statistics Other State Records
From these documents, the analysts code more than 100 FARS data elements. (See Appendix A for a list of the
FARS data elements.) The specific data elements may be modified slightly each year to conform to changing user
needs, vehicle characteristics, and highway safety emphasis areas. The data collected within FARS do not include
any personal identifying information, such as names, addresses, or social security numbers. Thus, any data kept in
FARS files and made available to the public fully conform to the Privacy Act.

Each analyst enters data into a local microcomputer data file, and daily updates are sent to NHTSA’s central
computer database. Data are automatically checked when entered for acceptable range values and for consistency,
enabling the analyst to make corrections immediately. Several programs continually monitor and improve the
completeness and accuracy of the data. The 2012 FARS data file used for the statistics in this report was created in
August 2013; however, the 2012 FARS file was officially closed in March 2014. This additional time provides the
opportunity for submission of important variable data requiring outside sources, which may lead to changes in the
final counts. The updated final counts for 2011 are reflected in this report. The updated final counts for 2012 will
be reflected in the 2013 annual report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

3
 GES OPERATIONS

T he National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) - General Estimates System (GES) data are obtained
from a nationally representative probability sample selected from all police-reported crashes. The system began
operation in 1988. To be eligible for the GES sample, a police accident report (PAR) must be completed for the
crash, and the crash must involve at least one motor vehicle traveling on a trafficway and must result in property
damage, injury, or death. Although various sources suggest that about half the motor vehicle crashes in the country
are not reported to police, the majority of these unreported crashes involve only minor property damage and no
significant personal injury. By restricting attention to police-reported crashes, the GES concentrates on those
crashes of greatest concern to the highway safety community and the general public.

GES data collectors make weekly visits to 410 police jurisdictions in 60 sites across the United States, where they
randomly sample about 57,000 PARs per year. The collectors obtain copies of the PARs and send them to the
NASS quality control centers for coding. No other data are collected beyond the selected PARs—no driver
license, vehicle registration, or medical information is obtained.

Trained data entry personnel interpret and code data directly from the PARs into an electronic data file.
Approximately 90 data elements are coded into a common format. (See Appendix B for a list of the GES data
elements.) Some elements are modified every other year to meet the changing needs of the highway safety
community. To protect individual privacy, no personal information (names, addresses, specific crash locations) is
coded. During data coding, the data are checked electronically for validity and consistency. After the data file is
created, further quality checks are performed on the data through computer processing and by the data coding
supervisors. The 2012 file used for the statistics in this report was completed in August 2013.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

5
 ABOUT THIS REPORT

F atal crash data from FARS and nonfatal crash data from GES are presented in this report in five chapters.
Chapter 1, “Trends,” presents data from all years of FARS (1975 through 2012) and GES (1988 through 2012).
The remaining chapters present data only from 2012. Chapter 2, “Crashes,” describes general characteristics of
crashes, such as when and how often they occurred, where they occurred, and what happened during the crash.
Chapter 3, “Vehicles,” concentrates on the types of vehicles involved in crashes and the damage to the vehicles.
Chapter 4, “People,” is the largest chapter of this report, with statistics about drivers, passengers, pedestrians, and
pedalcyclists. The last chapter of the report, “States,” contains information about crashes for each State, the
District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Terms used throughout the report are defined in the Glossary.

About three-quarters of the tables in this report present data from both FARS and GES. The remaining tables
contain FARS data only. Statistics describing fatal crashes or fatalities have been derived from FARS. Statistics
describing injury crashes, property-damage-only crashes, or nonfatal injuries have been derived from GES. The
reader should be aware that FARS numbers are actual counts of fatalities or fatal crashes, whereas GES numbers
are estimates of counts of crashes and injuries and are subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. (See Appendix
C for more information on these errors.) To emphasize this difference, FARS numbers are not rounded, while
GES estimates have been rounded to the nearest thousand. As a result of the rounding, for some tables, the sum of
the row or column entries may not equal the row or column total. In addition, percentages have been calculated
prior to rounding.

The reader may also notice that many tables have rows or footnotes for “unknowns” for FARS data, but not for
GES data. The reason for this difference is that almost all the GES unknown data have been assigned values
through complex statistical procedures. FARS unknown data, on the other hand, are not assigned values, with the
exception of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) test results. When the alcohol test results are unknown, BAC
values have been assigned to drivers and nonoccupants involved in fatal crashes, using a method of multiple
imputation that was revised in 2001. More information on the multiple imputation method, including detailed
tabulations of alcohol involvement in various categories (age, sex, time of day, etc.), is available in NHTSA
Technical Report DOT HS 809 403, Transitioning to Multiple Imputation: A New Method to Estimate Missing
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Values in FARS.

2012 FARS/NASS GES Standardization

There have been significant changes to FARS and NASS GES data as a result of the standardization of data
elements between the two systems. The FARS/NASS GES Standardization began in 2006, with the second
phase being implemented in the 2010 data collection year. The definition and element attribute changes
introduced in 2010 are the most substantive and most numerous changes that have been made in one year in the
reconciliation of the FARS and NASS GES data systems. As a single, unified data entry system, FARS/NASS
GES will be compatible with the Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria (MMUCC), the guideline used by
nearly all States to develop and revise their crash forms and databases. Once complete, the FARS/NASS GES
standardization will simplify crash data coding and analysis, as well as reducing costs and errors.

Probably the most notable changes are the introduction of precrash information in FARS (already collected in
NASS GES) and a change in “case structure,” or how the groups of related data elements are organized. The
structure changes include changes to how the data are now stored and made available. For example, for FARS,
there are now 16 data tables rather than 4, as a result of the change in the number of coding forms and the changes
2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES
7
 About This Report
in specific data elements. Several data elements that previously allowed only a specified number of responses now
have a “select-all-that-apply” format. There is a separate data table for each of those data elements. The precrash
information represents not only a new coding form but, more importantly, a largely new concept for FARS by
attempting to collect data about the conditions, events, and driver actions that preceded and may have contributed
to the crash. Precrash data, which have been included in NASS GES since 1992, are intended to improve crash
avoidance research.

The new FARS Precrash Form information consists of 23 data elements, 9 of which were previously coded at the
Crash level and 3 each at the Vehicle and Driver levels, and 8 new data elements. Nine trafficway descriptor data
elements have been moved from the Crash level to the new Precrash level. These elements provide details about the
characteristics of the trafficway selected for each vehicle.

Type of Intersection has been added to both systems. Bus Use and Vehicle Configuration are two Vehicle-level
elements that are new to NASS GES in 2010 and modified for FARS (element attributes were consolidated and
redefined). Condition at Time of Crash has been added at the Driver level and at the Non-Motor Vehicle
Occupant level for both systems. For motor vehicle occupants, there is now an Indication of Misuse of Restraint
System or Helmet Use in both systems.

Some of the information that had been collected under FARS Related Factors has been redistributed to new data
elements. For example, some Person-Related Factors have been removed and are now captured in two new
Non-Motor-Vehicle Occupant elements: Non-Motorist Action/Circumstances Prior to Crash; and Non-
Motorist Action/Circumstances at Time of Crash. Some Vehicle-Related Factors are now captured under three
new precrash elements: Contributing Circumstances, Motor Vehicle, and Driver Distracted By. The Driver Level
element, Violations Charged, is now a “Select All That Apply” element.

Changes from the Traffic Safety Facts 2011 Report

O In the Trends chapter, Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 have been expanded
to show data for all years, from 1975 through 2012 for FARS data and from 1988 through 2012 for GES data.

O Table 128 (State Traffic Safety Laws) has been deleted from the States chapter, and a new table (Motor
Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rates, 1899-2012) has been added on the last page of the report.

O Vehicle registration data for passenger vehicles (cars and light trucks ) were obtained from R.L. Polk’s National
Vehicle Population Profile (NVPP), which is a compilation of all passenger vehicles that have been registered
in compliance with State requirements. Subsequently, overall registrations and passenger car and light truck
vehicle miles traveled were revised by NHTSA, using a combination of Polk and Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) exposure data.
O
O Polk recently enhanced the data quality of its NVPP, which resulted in a complete rewrite of the data, as a result
of: (1) enhanced business rules for vehicles on the road, (2) more consistent reporting/processing across States,
and (3) upgraded basis for vehicle coding. A comparison of Polk’s Old NVPP and New NVPP for 2011 shows
that the enhancements resulted in an increase of more than 3 percent in NHTSA’ passenger vehicle registration
counts, consisting of a 5.6 percent decrease in the 2011 passenger car count and a 14.6 percent increase in the
2011 light truck count from the Old NVPP to the New NVPP, as shown in the table on page 9. This report
uses 2012 data, as well as 2011 data updated from the data presented in the Traffic Safety Facts 2011 report, for
passenger car and light truck registrations based on Polk’s New NVPP. Consequently, the 2011 and 2012 data
in this report for vehicle registrations and vehicle miles traveled are not strictly comparable with the data for all
prior years, which were based on Polk’s Old NVPP.

8 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 About This Report

Registered Vehicles: NCSA Revised Using Polk and FHWA Data

Passenger Cars Light Truck Motorcycles Buses Large Trucks NCSA Revised
Year (Polk) (Polk) (FHWA) (FHWA) (FHWA) Total
2009 (Old NVPP) 137,203,972 102,008,600 7,929,724 841,993 10,973,214 258,957,503
2010 (Old NVPP) 135,310,480 102,376,147 8,009,503 846,051 10,770,054 257,312,235
2011 (Old NVPP) 134,543,655 103,594,529 8,437,502 666,064 10,270,693 257,512,443
2011 (New NVPP) 126,974,845 118,694,258 8,437,502 666,064 10,270,693 265,043,362
2012 (New NVPP) 127,091,286 118,677,080 8,454,939 764,509 10,659,380 265,647,194

Vehicle Miles Traveled: Polk and FHWA

Passenger Cars Light Trucks
(Revised FHWA (Revised FHWA Motorcycles Buses Large Trucks Total
Year Using Polk) Using Polk) (FHWA) (FHWA) (FHWA) (FHWA)
2009 (Old NVPP) 1,510,339 1,122,909 20,822 14,387 288,306 2,956,764
2010 (Old NVPP) 1,507,716 1,140,740 18,513 13,770 286,527 2,967,266
2011 (Old NVPP) 1,497,460 1,152,998 18,542 13,807 267,594 2,950,402
2011 (New NVPP) 1,369,898 1,280,560 18,542 13,807 267,594 2,950,402
2012 (New NVPP) 1,377,833 1,286,612 21,298 14,755 268,318 2,968,815
Note: NHTSA NCSA revises FHWA's Passenger Car and Light Truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) using Polk’s registration counts.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

9
 DATA AVAILABILITY

W hile this report presents a wide spectrum of information in more than 100 tables and figures, it contains
only a fraction of the data available from FARS and GES. Additional data from FARS (1975 through 2012) or
from GES (1988 through 2012) are available in four ways:

O Modest requests for specific data will be answered by NCSA at no charge. Response usually requires about two
weeks, depending on the nature and complexity of the data requested.

O Compact disks can be purchased in one of several formats amenable to analysis. This will enable you to process
the data using your own computer system. Information on acquiring the compact disks is available by
contacting the Volpe Center at the following address:

Attn: Rita Da Silva

USDOT Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (RTV-5E)
55 Broadway
Cambridge, MA 02142
617-494-3088
dasilva@volpe.dot.gov

O FARS and GES data can be obtained by downloading any of the published files from the Internet, at
ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/FARS or ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/GES. The files are available in SAS, sequential
ASCII, and (for FARS only, not GES) DBF file formats. This will enable you to process the data using your
own computer system.

O FARS data can also be accessed on the Web at www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov. This Web site provides instant access
to the 1994 through 2012 FARS data via the Create-a-Query, Create-a-Map, and Reports features. The
Create-a-Query feature will enable you to process the data using our interactive user interface. The
Create-a-Map feature will enable you to create State-by-State and county-by-county map displays from an
inventory of report selections. The Reports feature is an inventory of the fatality statistical reports found in this
publication. These are national reports for current and past years that may be customized by selection of State;
and for State reports, county tabulation may be selected.

VEHICLE SAFETY HOTLINE

To report a safety-related problem or to inquire about motor vehicle
safety information, contact the Vehicle Safety Hotline at 888-327-4236.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

11
 Data Availability
Requests for more information from FARS or GES should be directed to:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

National Center for Statistics and Analysis

NVS-424

1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE

Washington, DC 20590

202-366-4198 or 800-934-8517

Email: NCSAWeb@dot.gov

Requests for more information may also be submitted online via NCSA’s Customer Automated Tracking System
(CATS):

CATS http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/CATS/index.aspx

Additional information on all NHTSA’s data files, including FARS and GES, can be found on the NCSA Web
site: http://www.nhtsa.gov/NCSA. Fact sheets, recent NCSA research notes, and abstracts of technical reports
can be downloaded in portable document format (PDF). Comments and suggestions about the NCSA Web site
can be e-mailed to the following address: ncsaweb@dot.gov.

12 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1

TRENDS

 CHAPTER 1 � TRENDS

T he tables in this chapter present statistics about police-reported motor vehicle crashes over time. Trends for
fatal crashes and fatalities generally are presented from 1975 (when FARS began operation) to 2012; however,
tables with alcohol data from FARS show data only for the years these data are available—1982 to 2012. Trends
for nonfatal crashes and injured are presented from 1988 (when GES began operation) to 2012. Care should be
taken when comparing nonfatal crash and injury statistics from one year to the next. Since the statistics derived
from GES data are estimates, year-to-year differences may be the result of the sampling process, not the result of an
actual trend. The variability or sampling errors associated with the estimates must be considered when making any
year-to-year comparisons using GES data. (For more information on sampling error, see Appendix C.) Below are
some of the statistics you will find in this chapter:

O Fatal crashes increased by 3.1 percent from 2011 to 2012, and the fatality rate rose to 1.13 fatalities per
100 million vehicle miles of travel in 2012.

O The injury rate increased by 6.7 percent from 2011 to 2012, to 80 persons injured per 100 million vehicle miles
of travel in 2012.

O The occupant fatality rate (including motorcyclists) per 100,000 population, which declined by 22.7 percent
from 1975 to 1992, decreased by 31.1 percent from 1992 to 2012.

O The occupant injury rate (including motorcyclists) per 100,000 population, which declined by 13.6 percent
from 1988 to 1992, decreased by 37.8 percent from 1992 to 2012.

O The nonoccupant fatality rate per 100,000 population has declined by 54.6 percent from 1975 to 2012.

O The nonoccupant injury rate per 100,000 population has declined by 45.6 percent from 1988 to 2012.

O The percent of alcohol-impaired driving fatalities has declined from 48 percent in 1982 to 31 percent in 2012.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

15
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 1
Fatal Crashes, 1975-2012
Number of Fatal Crashes
50,000

45,000

40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

16 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 1
Crashes by Crash Severity, 1988-2012
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total Crashes

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1988 42,130 0.6 2,233,000 32.4 4,611,000 67.0 6,887,000 100.0
1989 40,741 0.6 2,153,000 32.4 4,459,000 67.0 6,653,000 100.0
1990 39,836 0.6 2,122,000 32.8 4,309,000 66.6 6,471,000 100.0
1991 36,937 0.6 2,008,000 32.8 4,073,000 66.6 6,117,000 100.0
1992 34,942 0.6 1,991,000 33.2 3,974,000 66.2 6,000,000 100.0
1993 35,780 0.6 2,022,000 33.1 4,048,000 66.3 6,106,000 100.0
1994 36,254 0.6 2,123,000 32.7 4,336,000 66.8 6,496,000 100.0
1995 37,241 0.6 2,217,000 33.1 4,446,000 66.4 6,699,000 100.0
1996 37,494 0.6 2,238,000 33.1 4,494,000 66.4 6,770,000 100.0
1997 37,324 0.6 2,149,000 32.4 4,438,000 67.0 6,624,000 100.0
1998 37,107 0.6 2,029,000 32.0 4,269,000 67.4 6,335,000 100.0
1999 37,140 0.6 2,054,000 32.7 4,188,000 66.7 6,279,000 100.0
2000 37,526 0.6 2,070,000 32.4 4,286,000 67.0 6,394,000 100.0
2001 37,862 0.6 2,003,000 31.7 4,282,000 67.7 6,323,000 100.0
2002 38,491 0.6 1,929,000 30.5 4,348,000 68.8 6,316,000 100.0
2003 38,477 0.6 1,925,000 30.4 4,365,000 69.0 6,328,000 100.0
2004 38,444 0.6 1,862,000 30.1 4,281,000 69.3 6,181,000 100.0
2005 39,252 0.6 1,816,000 29.5 4,304,000 69.9 6,159,000 100.0
2006 38,648 0.6 1,746,000 29.2 4,189,000 70.1 5,973,000 100.0
2007 37,435 0.6 1,711,000 28.4 4,275,000 71.0 6,024,000 100.0
2008 34,172 0.6 1,630,000 28.1 4,146,000 71.4 5,811,000 100.0
2009 30,862 0.6 1,517,000 27.6 3,957,000 71.9 5,505,000 100.0
2010 30,296 0.6 1,542,000 28.5 3,847,000 71.0 5,419,000 100.0
2011 29,867 0.6 1,530,000 28.7 3,778,000 70.8 5,338,000 100.0
2012 30,800 0.5 1,634,000 29.1 3,950,000 70.3 5,615,000 100.0

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

17
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 2
Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Population, Licensed Drivers,
Registered Vehicles, and Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2012
Killed
Fatality Rate Registered Fatality Rate Fatality Rate
Resident Fatality Rate Licensed per 100,000 Motor per 100,000 Vehicle Miles per 100 Million
Population per 100,000 Drivers Licensed Vehicles Registered Traveled Vehicle Miles
Year Fatalities (Thousands) Population (Thousands) Drivers (Thousands) Vehicles (Billions) Traveled
1966 50,894 196,560 25.89 100,998 50.39 95,703 53.18 926 5.50
1967 50,724 198,712 25.53 103,172 49.16 98,859 51.31 964 5.26
1968 52,725 200,706 26.27 105,410 50.02 102,987 51.20 1,016 5.19
1969 53,543 202,677 26.42 108,306 49.44 107,412 49.85 1,062 5.04
1970 52,627 205,052 25.67 111,543 47.18 111,242 47.31 1,110 4.74
1971 52,542 207,661 25.30 114,426 45.92 116,330 45.17 1,179 4.46
1972 54,589 209,896 26.01 118,414 46.10 122,557 44.54 1,260 4.33
1973 54,052 211,909 25.51 121,546 44.47 130,025 41.57 1,313 4.12
1974 45,196 213,854 21.13 125,427 36.03 134,900 33.50 1,281 3.53
1975 44,525 215,973 20.62 129,791 34.31 126,153 35.29 1,328 3.35
1976 45,523 218,035 20.88 134,036 33.96 130,793 34.81 1,402 3.25
1977 47,878 220,239 21.74 138,121 34.66 134,514 35.59 1,467 3.26
1978 50,331 222,585 22.61 140,844 35.74 140,374 35.85 1,545 3.26
1979 51,093 225,055 22.70 143,284 35.66 144,317 35.40 1,529 3.34
1980 51,091 227,225 22.48 145,295 35.16 146,845 34.79 1,527 3.35
1981 49,301 229,466 21.49 147,075 33.52 149,330 33.01 1,555 3.17
1982 43,945 231,664 18.97 150,234 29.25 151,148 29.07 1,595 2.76
1983 42,589 233,792 18.22 154,389 27.59 153,830 27.69 1,653 2.58
1984 44,257 235,825 18.77 155,424 28.48 158,900 27.85 1,720 2.57
1985 43,825 237,924 18.42 156,868 27.94 166,047 26.39 1,775 2.47
1986 46,087 240,133 19.19 159,486 28.90 168,545 27.34 1,835 2.51
1987 46,390 242,289 19.15 161,816 28.67 172,750 26.85 1,921 2.41
1988 47,087 244,499 19.26 162,854 28.91 177,455 26.53 2,026 2.32
1989 45,582 246,819 18.47 165,554 27.53 181,165 25.16 2,096 2.17
1990 44,599 249,464 17.88 167,015 26.70 184,275 24.20 2,144 2.08
1991 41,508 252,153 16.46 168,995 24.56 186,370 22.27 2,172 1.91
1992 39,250 255,030 15.39 173,125 22.67 184,938 21.22 2,247 1.75
1993 40,150 257,783 15.58 173,149 23.19 188,350 21.32 2,296 1.75
1994 40,716 260,327 15.64 175,403 23.21 192,497 21.15 2,358 1.73
1995 41,817 262,803 15.91 176,628 23.68 197,065 21.22 2,423 1.73
1996 42,065 265,229 15.86 179,539 23.43 201,631 20.86 2,484 1.69
1997 42,013 267,784 15.69 182,709 22.99 203,568 20.64 2,552 1.65
1998 41,501 270,248 15.36 184,861 22.45 208,076 19.95 2,628 1.58
1999 41,717 272,691 15.30 187,170 22.29 212,685 19.61 2,690 1.55
2000 41,945 282,162 14.87 190,625 22.00 217,028 19.33 2,747 1.53
2001 42,196 284,969 14.81 191,276 22.06 221,230 19.07 2,796 1.51
2002 43,005 287,625 14.95 194,602 22.10 225,685 19.06 2,856 1.51
2003 42,884 290,108 14.78 196,166 21.86 230,633 18.59 2,890 1.48
2004 42,836 292,805 14.63 198,889 21.54 237,949 18.00 2,965 1.44
2005 43,510 295,517 14.72 200,549 21.70 245,628 17.71 2,989 1.46
2006 42,708 298,380 14.31 202,810 21.06 251,415 16.99 3,014 1.42
2007 41,259 301,231 13.70 205,742 20.05 257,472 16.02 3,031 1.36
2008 37,423 304,094 12.31 208,321 17.96 259,360 14.43 2,977 1.26
2009 33,883 306,772 11.05 209,618 16.16 258,958 13.08 2,957 1.15
2010 32,999 309,326 10.67 210,115 15.71 257,312 12.82 2,967 1.11
2011 32,479 311,588 10.42 211,875 15.33 265,043 12.25 2,950 1.10
2012 33,561 313,914 10.69 211,815 15.84 265,647 12.63 2,969 1.13
Notes: Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver counts. Due to an enhancement in the registration data

provided by R.L. Polk & Co. for 2011 and 2012, registration counts for those years changed considerably from the counts provided for 2010 and earlier years.

This should be taken into account when comparing registration numbers and rates per registered vehicle for 2010 and earlier years with those for 2011 and later

years. For more details, see “Changes from the Traffic Safety Facts 2011 Report” on page 8.

Sources: Vehicle Miles of Travel and Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration; Registered Vehicles, 1966-1974—Federal Highway Administration;

Registered Vehicles, 1975-2012—R.L. Polk & Co. and Federal Highway Administration; Population—U.S. Bureau of the Census;

Traffic Deaths, 1966-1974—National Center for Health Statistics, D.H.H.S., State Accident Summaries (adjusted to 30-day traffic deaths by NHTSA);

Traffic Deaths, 1975-2012—Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), NHTSA, 30-day traffic deaths.

18 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 2

Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Population, Licensed Drivers,

Registered Vehicles, and Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2012 (Continued)

Injured
Injury Rate Registered Injury Rate Injury Rate
Resident Injury Rate Licensed per 100,000 Motor per 100,000 Vehicle Miles per 100 Million
Population per 100,000 Drivers Licensed Vehicles Registered Traveled Vehicle Miles
Year Injured (Thousands) Population (Thousands) Drivers (Thousands) Vehicles (Billions) Traveled
1988 3,416,000 244,499 1,397 162,854 2,098 177,455 1,925 2,026 169
1989 3,284,000 246,819 1,330 165,554 1,984 181,165 1,813 2,096 157
1990 3,231,000 249,464 1,295 167,015 1,934 184,275 1,753 2,144 151
1991 3,097,000 252,153 1,228 168,995 1,833 186,370 1,662 2,172 143
1992 3,070,000 255,030 1,204 173,125 1,773 184,938 1,660 2,247 137
1993 3,149,000 257,783 1,222 173,149 1,819 188,350 1,672 2,296 137
1994 3,266,000 260,327 1,255 175,403 1,862 192,497 1,697 2,358 139
1995 3,465,000 262,803 1,319 176,628 1,962 197,065 1,758 2,423 143
1996 3,483,000 265,229 1,313 179,539 1,940 201,631 1,728 2,484 140
1997 3,348,000 267,784 1,250 182,709 1,832 203,568 1,644 2,552 131
1998 3,192,000 270,248 1,181 184,861 1,727 208,076 1,534 2,628 121
1999 3,236,000 272,691 1,187 187,170 1,729 212,685 1,522 2,690 120
2000 3,189,000 282,162 1,130 190,625 1,673 217,028 1,469 2,747 116
2001 3,033,000 284,969 1,064 191,276 1,585 221,230 1,371 2,796 108
2002 2,926,000 287,625 1,017 194,602 1,503 225,685 1,296 2,856 102
2003 2,889,000 290,108 996 196,166 1,473 230,633 1,252 2,890 100
2004 2,788,000 292,805 952 198,889 1,402 237,949 1,172 2,965 94
2005 2,699,000 295,517 913 200,549 1,346 245,628 1,099 2,989 90
2006 2,575,000 298,380 863 202,810 1,269 251,415 1,024 3,014 85
2007 2,491,000 301,231 827 205,742 1,211 257,472 967 3,031 82
2008 2,346,000 304,094 771 208,321 1,126 259,360 904 2,977 79
2009 2,217,000 306,772 723 209,618 1,058 258,958 856 2,957 75
2010 2,239,000 309,326 724 210,115 1,066 257,312 870 2,967 75
2011 2,217,000 311,588 712 211,875 1,046 265,043 836 2,950 75
2012 2,362,000 313,914 752 211,815 1,115 265,647 889 2,969 80
Notes: Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver counts. Due to an enhancement in the registration data

provided by R.L. Polk & Co. for 2011 and 2012, registration counts for those years changed considerably from the counts provided for 2010 and earlier years.

This should be taken into account when comparing registration numbers and rates per registered vehicle for 2010 and earlier years with those for 2011 and later

years. For more details, see “Changes from the Traffic Safety Facts 2011 Report” on page 8.

Sources: Vehicle Miles of Travel and Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration; Registered Vehicles, 1966-1974—Federal Highway Administration;

Registered Vehicles, 1975-2012—R.L. Polk & Co. and Federal Highway Administration; Population—U.S. Bureau of the Census;

Persons Injured—General Estimates System (GES), NHTSA.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

19
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 2
Motor Vehicle Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1966-2012
Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
6.00

Injury Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

200
5.00

150

100
4.00

50

3.00 0
1988 1995 2000 2005 2012

2.00

1.00

0.00
1966 1970 1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012

20 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 3
Vehicles Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Vehicle Miles of Travel
and per Registered Vehicle by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity, 1975-2012
Vehicle Type
Passenger Cars Light Trucks Large Trucks Motorcycles
Involvement Involvement Involvement Involvement
Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per
Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000
100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered
Year Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles
Fatal Crashes
1975 37,897 3.68 40.11 8,636 4.23 41.35 3,977 4.89 74.16 3,265 58.00 65.77
1976 37,206 3.48 38.35 9,300 3.98 40.80 4,435 5.15 79.55 3,343 55.69 67.76
1977 39,038 3.54 39.45 10,400 4.04 42.57 5,164 5.43 90.76 4,164 65.59 84.41
1978 40,544 3.57 39.81 11,898 4.11 43.61 5,759 5.45 98.28 4,643 64.86 95.38
1979 39,999 3.60 38.63 12,544 4.27 43.36 6,084 5.58 103.27 4,916 56.92 90.67
1980 39,059 3.53 37.28 12,680 4.29 42.18 5,379 4.96 92.89 5,194 50.85 91.22
1981 38,864 3.46 36.66 12,331 4.01 39.48 5,230 4.81 91.49 4,963 46.43 85.11
1982 34,334 3.00 32.11 11,317 3.51 35.03 4,646 4.17 83.11 4,495 45.36 78.12
1983 33,298 2.80 30.52 11,118 3.32 33.62 4,877 4.20 88.54 4,302 49.11 77.03
1984 34,648 2.83 30.89 11,973 3.34 33.96 5,124 4.21 94.87 4,659 53.04 85.02
1985 34,277 2.74 29.46 12,464 3.21 33.09 5,153 4.17 85.94 4,608 50.72 84.64
1986 36,195 2.83 30.87 13,327 3.20 33.52 5,097 4.02 89.09 4,570 48.63 87.90
1987 36,580 2.75 30.52 14,514 3.27 34.81 5,108 3.83 89.33 4,067 42.78 83.24
1989 36,977 2.67 30.43 15,286 3.13 34.27 5,241 3.80 85.40 3,715 37.06 81.04
1989 35,410 2.50 28.85 15,700 3.00 33.31 4,984 3.49 80.05 3,192 30.78 72.21
1990 34,085 2.39 27.65 15,620 2.81 31.29 4,776 3.27 77.08 3,276 34.28 76.91
1991 31,291 2.22 25.37 14,832 2.49 28.49 4,347 2.91 70.43 2,829 30.82 67.72
1992 29,817 2.08 24.78 14,648 2.28 27.21 4,035 2.63 66.75 2,439 25.52 60.00
1993 30,233 2.09 24.97 15,332 2.27 27.10 4,328 2.71 71.09 2,477 25.01 62.27
1994 30,273 2.07 24.81 16,353 2.30 27.49 4,644 2.73 70.49 2,339 22.84 62.26
1995 30,940 2.09 25.11 17,587 2.35 28.13 4,472 2.51 66.55 2,268 23.15 58.20
1996 30,727 2.05 24.66 18,246 2.32 27.88 4,755 2.60 67.81 2,176 21.94 56.20
1997 30,059 1.97 24.11 18,628 2.26 27.68 4,917 2.57 69.42 2,160 21.43 56.45
1998 29,040 1.87 23.05 19,363 2.25 27.75 4,955 2.52 64.08 2,334 22.70 60.16
1999 28,027 1.79 22.05 19,959 2.22 27.37 4,920 2.43 63.15 2,532 23.92 60.98
2000 27,802 1.76 21.73 20,498 2.18 26.98 4,995 2.43 62.26 2,975 28.42 68.45
2001 27,586 1.73 21.38 20,831 2.14 26.48 4,823 2.31 61.38 3,265 33.89 66.59
2002 27,374 1.70 21.00 21,668 2.14 26.54 4,587 2.14 57.86 3,365 35.23 67.24
2003 26,562 1.65 20.17 22,299 2.14 26.21 4,721 2.17 60.86 3,802 39.70 70.80
2004 25,682 1.58 19.25 22,486 2.05 25.04 4,902 2.22 59.99 4,121 40.71 71.45
2005 25,169 1.56 18.60 22,964 2.03 24.23 4,951 2.22 58.37 4,682 44.79 75.19
2006 24,260 1.50 17.70 22,411 1.94 22.85 4,766 2.14 54.04 4,963 41.19 74.31
2007 22,856 1.47 16.57 21,810 1.92 21.63 4,633 1.52 43.09 5,306 24.80 74.33
2008 20,474 1.34 14.73 19,179 1.73 19.01 4,089 1.32 37.61 5,409 25.99 69.77
2009 18,413 1.22 13.42 17,958 1.60 17.60 3,211 1.11 29.26 4,603 22.11 58.05
2010 17,804 1.18 13.16 17,491 1.53 17.09 3,494 1.22 32.44 4,651 25.12 58.07
2011 17,508 1.28 13.79 16,806 1.31 14.16 3,633 1.36 35.37 4,769 25.72 56.52
2012 18,092 1.31 14.24 17,254 1.34 14.54 3,802 1.42 35.67 5,080 23.85 60.08
Notes: See Tables 7 through 10 for notes regarding an enhanced methodology used to estimate registered vehicles and vehicle miles traveled for 2007 and after.
Due to an enhancement in the registration data provided by R.L. Polk & Co. for 2011 and 2012, registration counts for those years changed considerably from the
counts provided for 1975 through 2010. This should be taken into account when comparing registration numbers and rates per registered vehicle for 2010 and
earlier years with those for 2011 and later years. For more details, see “Changes from the Traffic Safety Facts 2011 Report” on page 8.
Sources: Vehicle Miles of Travel and Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA; Registered Passenger Cars and Light Trucks—R.L.
Polk & Co; Registered Large Trucks and Motorcycles—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

21
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 3
Vehicles Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Vehicle Miles of Travel
and per Registered Vehicle by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity, 1975-2012 (Continued)
Vehicle Type
Passenger Cars Light Trucks Large Trucks Motorcycles
Involvement Involvement Involvement Involvement
Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per Involvement Rate per
Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000
100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered 100 Million Registered
Year Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles Number VMT Vehicles
Injury Crashes
1988 3,073,000 222 2,529 683,000 140 1,530 96,000 69 1,562 98,000 974 2,129
1989 2,892,000 204 2,355 727,000 139 1,543 110,000 77 1,770 76,000 732 1,717
1990 2,838,000 199 2,302 729,000 131 1,460 107,000 73 1,730 82,000 854 1,916
1991 2,615,000 185 2,120 789,000 132 1,515 78,000 52 1,264 79,000 856 1,882
1992 2,640,000 184 2,194 758,000 118 1,409 95,000 62 1,567 61,000 642 1,509
1993 2,631,000 182 2,174 843,000 125 1,490 97,000 60 1,585 56,000 565 1,407
1994 2,785,000 191 2,283 912,000 128 1,533 96,000 56 1,452 54,000 526 1,433
1995 2,914,000 197 2,365 1,024,000 137 1,638 84,000 47 1,244 52,000 530 1,331
1996 2,884,000 192 2,314 1,071,000 136 1,636 94,000 51 1,339 51,000 512 1,312
1997 2,736,000 179 2,195 1,064,000 129 1,582 96,000 50 1,349 51,000 501 1,321
1998 2,545,000 164 2,020 1,059,000 123 1,517 89,000 45 1,146 45,000 433 1,148
1999 2,438,000 155 1,918 1,165,000 129 1,598 101,000 50 1,292 46,000 436 1,111
2000 2,396,000 151 1,873 1,209,000 129 1,591 101,000 49 1,253 53,000 509 1,226
2001 2,279,000 143 1,766 1,218,000 125 1,548 90,000 43 1,143 57,000 588 1,155
2002 2,136,000 132 1,639 1,210,000 120 1,482 94,000 44 1,189 58,000 612 1,167
2003 2,129,000 132 1,617 1,233,000 118 1,449 89,000 41 1,145 64,000 665 1,185
2004 1,990,000 122 1,491 1,246,000 114 1,387 87,000 39 1,062 70,000 694 1,217
2005 1,893,000 117 1,399 1,209,000 107 1,275 82,000 37 971 80,000 769 1,291
2006 1,794,000 111 1,309 1,202,000 104 1,225 80,000 36 911 84,000 694 1,251
2007 1,708,000 110 1,239 1,163,000 102 1,153 76,000 25 705 98,000 458 1,374
2008 1,624,000 107 1,168 1,095,000 99 1,086 66,000 21 608 90,000 433 1,162
2009 1,507,000 100 1,098 1,066,000 95 1,045 53,000 19 487 84,000 405 1,065
2010 1,579,000 105 1,167 1,053,000 92 1,029 58,000 20 541 78,000 419 968
2011 1,571,000 115 1,238 1,026,000 80 864 63,000 23 609 77,000 413 907
2012 1,683,000 122 1,325 1,087,000 84 916 77,000 29 719 89,000 418 1,052
Property-Damage-Only Crashes
1988 6,050,000 437 4,979 1,542,000 316 3,458 297,000 215 4,839 21,000 207 453
1989 5,678,000 401 4,625 1,613,000 309 3,421 300,000 210 4,825 20,000 188 441
1990 5,485,000 384 4,450 1,654,000 298 3,314 273,000 187 4,411 20,000 208 467
1991 5,084,000 360 4,122 1,675,000 281 3,217 248,000 166 4,022 25,000 268 589
1992 4,852,000 338 4,031 1,704,000 265 3,165 277,000 181 4,586 10,000 100 236
1993 4,789,000 331 3,956 1,884,000 279 3,331 296,000 185 4,861 17,000 169 420
1994 5,126,000 351 4,202 2,023,000 284 3,401 360,000 212 5,467 13,000 128 349
1995 5,335,000 361 4,329 2,149,000 287 3,437 289,000 162 4,307 13,000 131 329
1996 5,281,000 352 4,238 2,274,000 289 3,475 295,000 161 4,209 14,000 138 355
1997 5,116,000 335 4,104 2,314,000 281 3,439 337,000 176 4,761 10,000 102 268
1998 4,896,000 315 3,887 2,315,000 269 3,317 318,000 162 4,114 9,000 84 222
1999 4,469,000 285 3,517 2,491,000 277 3,416 369,000 182 4,739 10,000 96 246
2000 4,467,000 282 3,491 2,621,000 279 3,450 351,000 171 4,377 14,000 133 321
2001 4,399,000 276 3,409 2,679,000 275 3,406 335,000 160 4,261 14,000 150 295
2002 4,443,000 275 3,408 2,757,000 273 3,376 336,000 156 4,232 17,000 173 330
2003 4,356,000 270 3,308 2,804,000 269 3,297 363,000 167 4,681 14,000 142 253
2004 4,216,000 259 3,160 2,886,000 263 3,213 324,000 147 3,970 13,000 132 231
2005 4,169,000 258 3,081 2,919,000 258 3,080 354,000 159 4,176 18,000 174 291
2006 4,046,000 250 2,953 2,932,000 254 2,990 300,000 135 3,398 15,000 128 230
2007 4,014,000 258 2,910 3,007,000 265 2,983 333,000 110 3,098 20,000 93 278
2008 3,931,000 258 2,827 2,848,000 258 2,824 309,000 100 2,845 18,000 88 235
2009 3,686,000 244 2,687 2,866,000 255 2,810 239,000 83 2,181 17,000 80 211
2010 3,754,000 249 2,774 2,704,000 237 2,642 214,000 75 1,986 14,000 77 178
2011 3,740,000 273 2,945 2,582,000 202 2,175 221,000 83 2,154 18,000 98 216
2012 3,875,000 281 3,049 2,706,000 210 2,280 253,000 94 2,372 18,000 84 211
Notes: See Tables 7 through 10 for notes regarding an enhanced methodology used to estimate registered vehicles and vehicle miles traveled for 2007 and after.
Due to an enhancement in the registration data provided by R.L. Polk & Co. for 2011 and 2012, registration counts for those years changed considerably from the
counts provided for 1975 through 2010. This should be taken into account when comparing registration numbers and rates per registered vehicle for 2010 and
earlier years with those for 2011 and later years. For more details, see “Changes from the Traffic Safety Facts 2011 Report” on page 8.
Sources: Vehicle Miles of Travel and Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA; Registered Passenger Cars and Light Trucks—R.L.
Polk & Co; Registered Large Trucks and Motorcycles—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA.

22 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 4
Persons Killed or Injured by Person Type and Vehicle Type, 1975-2012
Person Type
Occupants by Vehicle Type Nonoccupants
Passenger Light Large Other/ Motor­ Other/
Year Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Total cyclists Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Unknown Total Total
Killed
1975 25,929 4,856 961 53 937 32,736 3,189 7,516 1,003 81 8,600 44,525
1976 26,166 5,438 1,132 73 981 33,790 3,312 7,427 914 80 8,421 45,523
1977 26,782 5,976 1,287 42 959 35,046 4,104 7,732 922 74 8,728 47,878
1978 28,153 6,745 1,395 41 622 36,956 4,577 7,795 892 111 8,798 50,331
1979 27,808 7,178 1,432 39 579 37,036 4,894 8,096 932 135 9,163 51,093
1980 27,449 7,486 1,262 46 540 36,783 5,144 8,070 965 129 9,164 51,091
1981 26,645 7,081 1,133 56 603 35,518 4,906 7,837 936 104 8,877 49,301
1982 23,330 6,359 944 35 525 31,193 4,453 7,331 883 85 8,299 43,945
1983 22,979 6,202 982 53 362 30,578 4,265 6,826 839 81 7,746 42,589
1984 23,620 6,496 1,074 46 440 31,676 4,608 7,025 849 99 7,973 44,257
1985 23,212 6,689 977 57 544 31,479 4,564 6,808 890 84 7,782 43,825
1986 24,944 7,317 926 39 442 33,668 4,566 6,779 941 133 7,853 46,087
1987 25,132 8,058 852 51 436 34,529 4,036 6,745 948 132 7,825 46,390
1988 25,808 8,306 911 54 429 35,508 3,662 6,870 911 136 7,917 47,087
1989 25,063 8,551 858 50 424 34,946 3,141 6,556 832 107 7,495 45,582
1990 24,092 8,601 705 32 460 33,890 3,244 6,482 859 124 7,465 44,599
1991 22,385 8,391 661 31 466 31,934 2,806 5,801 843 124 6,768 41,508
1992 21,387 8,098 585 28 387 30,485 2,395 5,549 723 98 6,370 39,250
1993 21,566 8,511 605 18 425 31,125 2,449 5,649 816 111 6,576 40,150
1994 21,997 8,904 670 18 409 31,998 2,320 5,489 802 107 6,398 40,716
1995 22,423 9,568 648 33 392 33,064 2,227 5,584 833 109 6,526 41,817
1996* 22,505 9,932 621 21 455 33,534 2,161 5,449 765 154 6,368 42,065
1997 22,199 10,249 723 18 420 33,609 2,116 5,321 814 153 6,288 42,013
1998 21,194 10,705 742 38 409 33,088 2,294 5,228 760 131 6,119 41,501
1999 20,862 11,265 759 59 447 33,392 2,483 4,939 754 149 5,842 41,717
2000 20,699 11,526 754 22 450 33,451 2,897 4,763 693 141 5,597 41,945
2001 20,320 11,723 708 34 458 33,243 3,197 4,901 732 123 5,756 42,196
2002 20,569 12,274 689 45 528 34,105 3,270 4,851 665 114 5,630 43,005
2003 19,725 12,546 726 41 589 33,627 3,714 4,774 629 140 5,543 42,884
2004 19,192 12,674 766 42 602 33,276 4,028 4,675 727 130 5,532 42,836
2005 18,512 13,037 804 58 659 33,070 4,576 4,892 786 186 5,864 43,510
2006 17,925 12,761 805 27 601 32,119 4,837 4,795 772 185 5,752 42,708
2007 16,614 12,458 805 36 614 30,527 5,174 4,699 701 158 5,558 41,259
2008 14,646 10,816 682 67 580 26,791 5,312 4,414 718 188 5,320 37,423
2009 13,135 10,312 499 26 554 24,526 4,469 4,109 628 151 4,888 33,883
2010 12,491 9,782 530 44 524 23,371 4,518 4,302 623 185 5,110 32,999
2011 12,014 9,302 640 55 499 22,510 4,630 4,457 682 200 5,339 32,479
2012 12,271 9,396 697 39 509 22,912 4,957 4,743 726 223 5,692 33,561
*Total for 1996 includes 2 fatalities of unknown person type.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

23
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 4
Persons Killed or Injured by Person Type and Vehicle Type, 1975-2012 (Continued)
Person Type
Occupants by Vehicle Type Nonoccupants
Passenger Light Large Other/ Motor­ Other/
Year Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Total cyclists Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Unknown Total Total
Injured
1988 2,585,000 478,000 37,000 15,000 4,000 3,119,000 105,000 110,000 75,000 8,000 192,000 3,416,000
1989 2,431,000 511,000 43,000 15,000 5,000 3,005,000 83,000 112,000 73,000 11,000 196,000 3,284,000
1990 2,376,000 505,000 42,000 33,000 4,000 2,960,000 84,000 105,000 75,000 7,000 187,000 3,231,000
1991 2,235,000 563,000 28,000 21,000 4,000 2,850,000 80,000 88,000 67,000 11,000 166,000 3,097,000
1992 2,232,000 545,000 34,000 20,000 12,000 2,843,000 65,000 89,000 63,000 10,000 162,000 3,070,000
1993 2,265,000 601,000 32,000 17,000 4,000 2,919,000 59,000 94,000 68,000 9,000 171,000 3,149,000
1994 2,364,000 631,000 30,000 16,000 4,000 3,045,000 57,000 92,000 62,000 9,000 164,000 3,266,000
1995 2,469,000 722,000 30,000 19,000 4,000 3,246,000 57,000 86,000 67,000 10,000 162,000 3,465,000
1996 2,458,000 761,000 33,000 20,000 4,000 3,277,000 55,000 82,000 58,000 11,000 151,000 3,483,000
1997 2,341,000 755,000 31,000 17,000 6,000 3,149,000 53,000 77,000 58,000 11,000 146,000 3,348,000
1998 2,201,000 763,000 29,000 16,000 4,000 3,012,000 49,000 69,000 53,000 8,000 131,000 3,192,000
1999 2,138,000 847,000 33,000 22,000 7,000 3,047,000 50,000 85,000 51,000 3,000 140,000 3,236,000
2000 2,052,000 887,000 31,000 18,000 10,000 2,997,000 58,000 78,000 51,000 5,000 134,000 3,189,000
2001 1,927,000 861,000 29,000 15,000 9,000 2,841,000 60,000 78,000 45,000 8,000 131,000 3,033,000
2002 1,805,000 879,000 26,000 19,000 6,000 2,735,000 65,000 71,000 48,000 7,000 126,000 2,926,000
2003 1,756,000 889,000 27,000 18,000 7,000 2,697,000 67,000 70,000 46,000 8,000 124,000 2,889,000
2004 1,643,000 900,000 27,000 16,000 7,000 2,594,000 76,000 68,000 41,000 9,000 118,000 2,788,000
2005 1,573,000 872,000 27,000 11,000 10,000 2,494,000 87,000 64,000 45,000 8,000 118,000 2,699,000
2006 1,475,000 857,000 23,000 10,000 11,000 2,375,000 88,000 61,000 44,000 7,000 112,000 2,575,000
2007 1,379,000 841,000 23,000 12,000 8,000 2,264,000 103,000 70,000 43,000 10,000 124,000 2,491,000
2008 1,304,000 768,000 23,000 15,000 9,000 2,120,000 96,000 69,000 52,000 9,000 130,000 2,346,000
2009 1,216,000 759,000 17,000 12,000 7,000 2,011,000 90,000 59,000 51,000 7,000 116,000 2,217,000
2010 1,253,000 733,000 20,000 17,000 5,000 2,027,000 82,000 70,000 52,000 8,000 130,000 2,239,000
2011 1,240,000 728,000 23,000 13,000 6,000 2,010,000 81,000 69,000 48,000 9,000 126,000 2,217,000
2012 1,328,000 762,000 25,000 12,000 6,000 2,134,000 93,000 76,000 49,000 10,000 136,000 2,362,000

24 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 5
Drivers Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Licensed Driver
by Sex and Crash Severity, 1975-2012
Sex
Male (>15 Years Old) Female (>15 Years Old) Total (>15 Years Old)*
Involvement Involvement Involvement
Rate per Rate per Rate per
Number Licensed 100,000 Number Licensed 100,000 Number Licensed 100,000
Involved in Drivers Licensed Involved in Drivers Licensed Involved in Drivers Licensed
Year Crashes (Thousands) Drivers Crashes (Thousands) Drivers Crashes (Thousands) Drivers
Drivers in Fatal Crashes
1975 45,087 70,435 64.01 9,356 59,233 15.80 54,445 129,668 41.99
1976 45,091 72,452 62.24 9,953 61,458 16.19 55,045 133,910 41.11
1977 48,548 74,385 65.27 10,775 63,591 16.94 59,324 137,976 43.00
1978 51,665 75,504 68.43 11,221 65,177 17.22 62,887 140,681 44.70
1979 52,208 76,458 68.28 11,308 66,695 16.95 63,518 143,152 44.37
1980 50,921 77,135 66.02 11,353 68,067 16.68 62,277 145,202 42.89
1981 49,838 77,831 64.03 11,396 69,142 16.48 61,238 146,972 41.67
1982 43,877 78,484 55.91 10,579 71,627 14.77 54,462 150,111 36.28
1983 42,329 80,823 52.37 10,854 73,440 14.78 53,184 154,263 34.48
1984 44,213 80,916 54.64 11,806 74,398 15.87 56,022 155,315 36.07
1985 44,290 81,537 54.32 12,031 75,231 15.99 56,322 156,769 35.93
1986 46,083 82,740 55.70 12,603 76,651 16.44 58,688 159,390 36.82
1987 46,337 83,939 55.20 13,492 77,789 17.34 59,829 161,728 36.99
1988 46,840 84,099 55.70 13,814 78,661 17.56 60,658 162,760 37.27
1989 44,941 85,356 52.65 13,927 80,160 17.37 58,870 165,516 35.57
1990 43,802 85,769 51.07 13,586 81,203 16.73 57,393 166,972 34.37
1991 40,288 86,630 46.51 12,716 82,300 15.45 53,007 168,930 31.38
1992 38,186 88,363 43.21 12,492 84,716 14.75 50,682 173,079 29.28
1993 39,118 87,974 44.47 12,960 85,138 15.22 52,080 173,112 30.08
1994 39,784 89,165 44.62 13,449 86,183 15.61 53,238 175,347 30.36
1995 40,799 89,184 45.75 14,043 87,386 16.07 54,847 176,570 31.06
1996 40,899 90,503 45.19 14,723 89,007 16.54 55,624 179,510 30.99
1997 40,594 91,888 44.18 14,816 90,789 16.32 55,412 182,677 30.33
1998 40,433 93,023 43.47 14,967 91,805 16.30 55,404 184,828 29.98
1999 40,639 94,149 43.16 14,717 92,988 15.83 55,359 187,137 29.58
2000 41,443 95,782 43.27 14,682 94,816 15.48 56,126 190,598 29.45
2001 41,548 95,779 43.38 14,829 95,471 15.53 56,380 191,250 29.48
2002 41,995 97,595 43.03 14,876 96,978 15.34 56,874 194,574 29.23
2003 42,177 98,209 42.95 15,106 97,919 15.43 57,285 196,128 29.21
2004 41,876 99,559 42.06 15,272 99,305 15.38 57,152 198,864 28.74
2005 42,947 100,240 42.84 14,967 100,285 14.92 57,921 200,525 28.88
2006 41,912 101,010 41.49 14,661 101,589 14.43 56,577 202,599 27.93
2007 40,764 102,338 39.83 14,101 103,152 13.67 54,872 205,490 26.70
2008 36,825 103,449 35.60 12,536 104,537 11.99 49,369 207,986 23.74
2009 32,690 104,056 31.42 11,797 105,153 11.22 44,492 209,209 21.27
2010 31,897 104,175 30.62 11,796 105,542 11.18 43,697 209,717 20.84
2011 31,771 104,720 30.34 11,227 106,794 10.51 43,001 211,514 20.33
2012 32,985 104,920 31.44 11,462 106,767 10.74 44,454 211,688 21.00
*Total includes drivers (>15 years old) of unknown sex.

Notes: Drivers in this table include motorcycle riders. Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver counts.

Source: Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

25
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 5
Drivers Involved in Crashes and Involvement Rates per Licensed Driver
by Sex and Crash Severity, 1975-2012 (Continued)
Sex
Male (>15 Years Old) Female (>15 Years Old) Total (>15 Years Old)*
Involvement Involvement Involvement
Rate per Rate per Rate per
Number Licensed 100,000 Number Licensed 100,000 Number Licensed 100,000
Involved in Drivers Licensed Involved in Drivers Licensed Involved in Drivers Licensed
Year Crashes (Thousands) Drivers Crashes (Thousands) Drivers Crashes (Thousands) Drivers
Drivers in Injury Crashes
1988 2,423,000 84,099 2,881 1,485,000 78,661 1,887 3,907,000 162,760 2,401
1989 2,347,000 85,356 2,749 1,446,000 80,160 1,804 3,793,000 165,516 2,291
1990 2,285,000 85,769 2,664 1,458,000 81,203 1,795 3,743,000 166,972 2,242
1991 2,171,000 86,630 2,506 1,380,000 82,300 1,677 3,551,000 168,930 2,102
1992 2,114,000 88,363 2,392 1,439,000 84,716 1,699 3,553,000 173,079 2,053
1993 2,144,000 87,974 2,437 1,468,000 85,138 1,724 3,612,000 173,112 2,086
1994 2,264,000 89,165 2,539 1,574,000 86,183 1,826 3,838,000 175,347 2,189
1995 2,378,000 89,184 2,667 1,687,000 87,386 1,931 4,066,000 176,570 2,303
1996 2,378,000 90,503 2,627 1,711,000 89,007 1,922 4,089,000 179,510 2,278
1997 2,296,000 91,888 2,499 1,643,000 90,789 1,809 3,939,000 182,677 2,156
1998 2,158,000 93,023 2,319 1,576,000 91,805 1,717 3,734,000 184,828 2,020
1999 2,134,000 94,149 2,267 1,609,000 92,988 1,730 3,743,000 187,137 2,000
2000 2,192,000 95,782 2,289 1,573,000 94,816 1,659 3,765,000 190,598 1,975
2001 2,090,000 95,779 2,182 1,547,000 95,471 1,620 3,637,000 191,250 1,902
2002 2,000,000 97,595 2,049 1,481,000 96,978 1,528 3,482,000 194,574 1,789
2003 1,990,000 98,209 2,026 1,525,000 97,919 1,557 3,514,000 196,128 1,792
2004 1,912,000 99,559 1,920 1,482,000 99,305 1,493 3,394,000 198,864 1,707
2005 1,837,000 100,240 1,832 1,425,000 100,285 1,421 3,262,000 200,525 1,627
2006 1,763,000 101,010 1,745 1,387,000 101,589 1,366 3,150,000 202,599 1,555
2007 1,708,000 102,338 1,669 1,333,000 103,152 1,292 3,041,000 205,490 1,480
2008 1,596,000 103,449 1,543 1,276,000 104,537 1,221 2,872,000 207,986 1,381
2009 1,487,000 104,056 1,429 1,217,000 105,153 1,157 2,704,000 209,209 1,292
2010 1,511,000 104,175 1,451 1,261,000 105,542 1,195 2,773,000 209,717 1,322
2011 1,503,000 104,720 1,435 1,240,000 106,794 1,161 2,743,000 211,514 1,297
2012 1,630,000 104,920 1,553 1,311,000 106,767 1,228 2,940,000 211,688 1,389
Drivers in Property-Damage-Only Crashes
1988 5,013,000 84,099 5,961 2,816,000 78,661 3,580 7,829,000 162,760 4,810
1989 4,915,000 85,356 5,758 2,687,000 80,160 3,352 7,602,000 165,516 4,593
1990 4,733,000 85,769 5,519 2,677,000 81,203 3,296 7,410,000 166,972 4,438
1991 4,419,000 86,630 5,101 2,600,000 82,300 3,159 7,019,000 168,930 4,155
1992 4,316,000 88,363 4,885 2,530,000 84,716 2,987 6,847,000 173,079 3,956
1993 4,402,000 87,974 5,003 2,561,000 85,138 3,008 6,963,000 173,112 4,022
1994 4,695,000 89,165 5,265 2,828,000 86,183 3,282 7,523,000 175,347 4,290
1995 4,847,000 89,184 5,434 2,905,000 87,386 3,325 7,752,000 176,570 4,390
1996 4,888,000 90,503 5,400 2,968,000 89,007 3,335 7,856,000 179,510 4,376
1997 4,808,000 91,888 5,232 2,967,000 90,789 3,268 7,775,000 182,677 4,256
1998 4,634,000 93,023 4,982 2,902,000 91,805 3,162 7,536,000 184,828 4,078
1999 4,509,000 94,149 4,789 2,800,000 92,988 3,011 7,309,000 187,137 3,906
2000 4,559,000 95,782 4,760 2,904,000 94,816 3,062 7,463,000 190,598 3,915
2001 4,518,000 95,779 4,717 2,903,000 95,471 3,041 7,421,000 191,250 3,880
2002 4,436,000 97,595 4,545 2,999,000 96,978 3,093 7,435,000 194,574 3,821
2003 4,528,000 98,209 4,610 3,020,000 97,919 3,084 7,547,000 196,128 3,848
2004 4,405,000 99,559 4,424 3,037,000 99,305 3,058 7,442,000 198,864 3,742
2005 4,357,000 100,240 4,347 3,007,000 100,285 2,998 7,364,000 200,525 3,672
2006 4,232,000 101,010 4,190 2,968,000 101,589 2,922 7,200,000 202,599 3,554
2007 4,329,000 102,338 4,230 3,058,000 103,152 2,964 7,386,000 205,490 3,594
2008 4,115,000 103,449 3,978 2,940,000 104,537 2,812 7,055,000 207,986 3,392
2009 3,839,000 104,056 3,689 2,879,000 105,153 2,738 6,718,000 209,209 3,211
2010 3,841,000 104,175 3,687 2,855,000 105,542 2,705 6,696,000 209,717 3,193
2011 3,669,000 104,720 3,503 2,918,000 106,794 2,732 6,586,000 211,514 3,114
2012 3,867,000 104,920 3,685 2,998,000 106,767 2,808 6,865,000 211,688 3,243
*Total includes drivers (>15 years old) of unknown sex.

Notes: Drivers in this table include motorcycle riders. Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver counts.

Source: Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration.

26 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 3
Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers 16 Years and Older
by Sex and Crash Severity, 1975-2012

Fatal Crashes
70
Female Male

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

Injury Crashes Property-Damage-Only Crashes

3,000 6,000

2,500 5,000

2,000 4,000

1,500 3,000

1,000 2,000

500 1,000

0 0
1988 1995 2000 2005 2012 1988 1995 2000 2005 2012

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

27
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 6
Motor Vehicle Occupant and Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates
per Population by Age Group, 1975-2012
Age Group (Years)
Year <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Total
Fatality Rate per 100,000 Population
1975 4.50 2.71 5.71 38.77 34.90 21.57 15.67 13.42 13.29 14.72 16.98 16.67
1976 4.50 2.56 6.14 40.95 35.01 21.27 15.27 13.71 13.58 14.92 17.27 17.05
1977 4.68 2.83 6.44 42.86 38.73 22.27 15.61 13.90 13.55 14.03 16.13 17.81
1978 4.61 2.66 6.60 44.45 40.75 24.26 16.72 14.07 13.44 14.79 16.36 18.70
1979 4.35 2.84 6.13 44.36 40.06 24.96 17.11 14.03 13.24 13.59 15.51 18.67
1980 4.24 2.67 6.00 42.94 39.86 24.82 16.85 14.51 12.83 12.96 15.27 18.45
1981 3.75 2.43 5.24 38.56 37.41 24.22 16.63 13.81 12.68 13.16 14.94 17.62
1982 3.67 2.22 4.85 34.51 32.75 20.45 14.30 11.84 11.24 11.85 14.89 15.39
1983 3.55 2.33 4.60 33.18 30.97 19.86 13.87 11.79 10.92 11.92 15.48 14.90
1984 3.13 2.33 5.21 34.94 32.89 20.26 13.91 11.86 11.16 12.98 16.18 15.39
1985 3.18 2.36 5.52 33.72 32.75 19.50 13.87 11.88 11.33 12.63 16.73 15.15
1986 3.42 2.30 6.07 38.16 33.72 21.04 13.82 11.50 11.38 13.46 17.71 15.92
1987 3.78 2.60 6.00 36.65 32.83 21.05 14.15 12.10 11.93 13.58 18.22 15.92
1988 3.82 2.64 5.74 37.95 33.63 20.50 14.20 12.33 12.15 14.12 19.26 16.02
1989 3.93 2.92 5.48 34.71 30.85 20.10 13.89 12.46 12.18 14.24 19.41 15.43
1990 3.30 2.50 5.25 34.14 30.62 19.81 13.34 12.20 11.91 13.36 18.48 14.89
1991 3.13 2.39 4.86 31.76 28.83 17.79 12.29 11.12 10.75 13.22 19.14 13.78
1992 2.99 2.41 4.75 28.37 25.96 16.54 11.71 10.62 10.53 13.27 18.81 12.89
1993 3.14 2.35 4.67 28.99 26.70 16.47 11.86 10.52 10.86 12.73 20.78 13.02
1994 3.46 2.35 5.07 30.46 26.27 16.07 11.79 11.15 10.71 13.99 20.71 13.18
1995 3.17 2.46 5.15 29.58 27.30 17.03 12.49 11.01 11.42 13.67 20.87 13.43
1996 3.40 2.34 5.07 29.43 27.31 16.78 12.60 11.14 11.58 14.20 20.84 13.46
1997 3.16 2.42 4.96 28.38 25.53 16.49 12.23 11.57 11.96 14.46 22.09 13.34
1998 3.03 2.60 4.60 27.61 25.06 15.81 12.60 11.44 11.53 14.31 21.28 13.09
1999 2.94 2.54 4.49 28.10 25.56 16.13 12.62 11.48 11.52 14.17 20.70 13.16
2000 2.82 2.38 4.27 27.76 25.29 15.55 12.81 11.51 11.38 12.88 19.51 12.88
2001 2.68 2.27 3.77 27.76 24.94 15.67 12.93 11.35 11.01 12.76 19.35 12.79
2002 2.44 2.13 4.07 28.84 25.88 15.75 13.03 11.85 11.10 12.61 18.81 12.99
2003 2.48 2.14 4.13 27.26 24.87 15.54 13.07 12.02 11.24 12.45 19.27 12.87
2004 2.57 2.28 4.25 26.69 24.94 15.82 12.48 12.07 11.05 12.30 18.16 12.74
2005 2.35 2.24 3.49 25.26 25.71 16.33 12.92 11.99 11.60 12.46 17.29 12.74
2006 2.32 1.85 3.31 24.59 26.07 16.37 12.68 11.80 10.95 11.31 15.73 12.39
2007 1.98 1.78 3.17 22.86 25.02 15.40 12.20 11.52 10.58 10.93 15.41 11.85
2008 1.50 1.44 2.42 18.71 21.56 14.28 11.03 10.54 9.82 10.02 14.16 10.56
2009 1.62 1.40 2.17 16.41 17.62 12.45 9.90 9.89 8.78 9.18 13.42 9.45
2010 1.48 1.26 1.95 13.92 17.60 11.84 9.46 9.15 8.88 8.95 14.01 9.02
2011 1.38 1.22 1.82 14.01 16.68 11.50 9.05 8.97 8.36 9.11 12.61 8.71
2012 1.53 1.16 1.70 13.21 16.87 12.13 9.50 9.22 8.83 9.08 12.05 8.88

Note: Population estimates for historical years are periodically revised by the U.S. Census Bureau.

28 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 6
Motor Vehicle Occupant and Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates
per Population by Age Group, 1975-2012 (Continued)
Age Group (Years)
Year <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Total
Injury Rate per 100,000 Population
1988 417 444 734 3,283 2,666 1,800 1,308 1,030 876 710 656 1,319
1989 370 469 727 3,210 2,467 1,672 1,280 985 801 713 618 1,251
1990 329 430 674 3,110 2,494 1,672 1,227 989 844 750 514 1,220
1991 384 470 709 2,921 2,317 1,574 1,144 977 801 727 521 1,162
1992 323 438 685 2,988 2,253 1,573 1,101 971 783 722 586 1,140
1993 367 471 657 2,885 2,307 1,606 1,195 956 821 707 592 1,155
1994 411 468 706 2,958 2,369 1,667 1,225 987 857 756 598 1,192
1995 418 483 742 3,193 2,456 1,722 1,291 1,132 926 755 624 1,257
1996 418 533 731 3,132 2,432 1,766 1,295 1,085 904 788 654 1,256
1997 400 461 684 2,981 2,401 1,689 1,257 1,012 815 761 641 1,196
1998 403 440 677 2,780 2,123 1,586 1,158 1,029 873 696 587 1,133
1999 383 477 662 2,828 2,169 1,596 1,135 1,028 801 759 610 1,136
2000 350 405 547 2,690 2,096 1,450 1,159 948 830 723 665 1,083
2001 311 372 510 2,451 2,032 1,392 1,094 931 754 666 578 1,018
2002 304 380 513 2,371 1,905 1,318 1,033 873 761 614 549 974
2003 302 375 468 2,255 1,853 1,336 1,022 873 728 604 523 953
2004 286 352 476 2,115 1,710 1,214 1,009 876 724 598 494 912
2005 265 322 472 1,962 1,720 1,225 951 830 680 538 467 873
2006 270 286 403 1,828 1,583 1,155 922 762 662 553 490 825
2007 266 288 354 1,713 1,523 1,135 841 751 625 550 433 786
2008 242 265 353 1,533 1,389 1,039 798 717 598 489 402 729
2009 220 260 322 1,342 1,378 965 735 695 566 503 397 685
2010 191 251 314 1,313 1,332 935 804 706 569 461 416 682
2011 229 242 299 1,252 1,255 957 785 689 583 456 384 671
2012 196 266 276 1,309 1,352 1,018 827 740 618 512 421 709

Note: Population estimates for historical years are periodically revised by the U.S. Census Bureau.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

29
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 7
Passenger Car Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates
per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2012
Fatality Rate Fatality Rate Injury Rate Injury Rate
Vehicle Miles Passenger Car per 100,000 per 100 Million Passenger Car per 100,000 per 100 Million
Registered Traveled Occupants Registered Vehicle Miles Occupants Registered Vehicle Miles
Year Passenger Cars (Millions) Killed Passenger Cars Traveled Injured Passenger Cars Traveled
1975 94,478,029 1,030,376 25,929 27.44 2.52 * * *
1976 97,011,684 1,070,667 26,166 26.97 2.44 * * *
1977 98,967,665 1,102,726 26,782 27.06 2.43 * * *
1978 101,855,551 1,136,459 28,153 27.64 2.48 * * *
1979 103,543,788 1,111,705 27,808 26.86 2.50 * * *
1980 104,770,998 1,107,056 27,449 26.20 2.48 * * *
1981 106,002,720 1,122,092 26,645 25.14 2.37 * * *
1982 106,936,590 1,145,828 23,330 21.82 2.04 * * *
1983 109,085,444 1,187,760 22,979 21.07 1.93 * * *
1984 112,177,361 1,226,461 23,620 21.06 1.93 * * *
1985 116,348,085 1,248,980 23,212 19.95 1.86 * * *
1986 117,268,114 1,277,550 24,944 21.27 1.95 * * *
1987 119,848,784 1,328,460 25,132 20.97 1.89 * * *
1988 121,519,139 1,384,047 25,808 21.24 1.86 2,585,000 2,127 187
1989 122,758,478 1,415,213 25,063 20.42 1.77 2,431,000 1,980 172
1990 123,276,600 1,427,178 24,092 19.54 1.69 2,376,000 1,928 167
1991 123,327,336 1,411,655 22,385 18.15 1.59 2,235,000 1,812 158
1992 120,346,747 1,436,035 21,387 17.77 1.49 2,232,000 1,854 155
1993 121,055,398 1,445,106 21,566 17.81 1.49 2,265,000 1,871 157
1994 121,996,580 1,459,208 21,997 18.03 1.51 2,364,000 1,937 162
1995 123,241,881 1,478,352 22,423 18.19 1.52 2,469,000 2,004 167
1996 124,612,787 1,499,139 22,505 18.06 1.50 2,458,000 1,973 164
1997 124,672,920 1,528,399 22,199 17.81 1.45 2,341,000 1,877 153
1998 125,965,709 1,555,901 21,194 16.83 1.36 2,201,000 1,748 141
1999 127,083,019 1,569,455 20,862 16.42 1.33 2,138,000 1,682 136
2000 127,933,707 1,583,127 20,699 16.18 1.31 2,052,000 1,604 130
2001 129,044,240 1,596,579 20,320 15.75 1.27 1,927,000 1,493 121
2002 130,349,393 1,613,749 20,569 15.78 1.27 1,805,000 1,385 112
2003 131,665,783 1,613,543 19,725 14.98 1.22 1,756,000 1,334 109
2004 133,414,552 1,629,955 19,192 14.39 1.18 1,643,000 1,231 101
2005 135,324,121 1,616,908 18,512 13.68 1.14 1,573,000 1,163 97
2006 137,031,279 1,616,328 17,925 13.08 1.11 1,475,000 1,076 91
2007 137,929,951 1,554,673 16,614 12.05 1.07 1,379,000 1,000 89
2008 139,028,041 1,524,331 14,646 10.53 0.96 1,304,000 938 86
2009 137,203,972 1,510,339 13,135 9.57 0.87 1,216,000 887 81
2010 135,310,480 1,507,716 12,491 9.23 0.83 1,253,000 926 83
2011 126,974,845 1,369,898 12,014 9.46 0.88 1,240,000 976 90
2012 127,091,286 1,377,833 12,271 9.66 0.89 1,328,000 1,045 96

*Injury data not available before 1988.

Notes: In 2011, the Federal Highway Administration implemented an enhanced methodology for estimating registered vehicles and vehicle miles traveled
by vehicle type. These revisions were applied to data from 2007 through 2012. In some cases the changes were significant and should be taken into account
when comparing registered vehicle counts and/or vehicle miles traveled for 2006 and earlier years with the numbers for 2007 and later years. Due to an
enhancement in the passenger vehicle registration data provided by R.L. Polk & Co. for 2011 and 2012, registration counts for those years changed considerably
from the counts provided for 2010 and earlier years. This should be taken into account when comparing registration numbers and rates per registered vehicle for
passenger cars for 2010 and earlier years with those for 2011 and later years. For more details, see “Changes from the Traffic Safety Facts 2011 Report” on page
8.
Sources: Vehicle Miles of Travel—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA; Registered Passenger Cars—R.L. Polk & Co.

30 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 4
Passenger Car Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles
Traveled, 1975-2012

Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

4.00
Injury Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
200

150

3.00 100

50

0
1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012
2.00

1.00

0.00
1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

31
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 8
Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates
per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2012
Fatality Rate Fatality Rate Injury Rate Injury Rate
Vehicle Miles Light Truck per 100,000 per 100 Million Light Truck per 100,000 per 100 Million
Registered Traveled Occupants Registered Vehicle Miles Occupants Registered Vehicle Miles
Year Light Trucks (Millions) Killed Light Trucks Traveled Injured Light Trucks Traveled
1975 20,886,680 204,274 4,856 23.25 2.38 * * *
1976 22,794,702 233,382 5,438 23.86 2.33 * * *
1977 24,432,701 257,108 5,976 24.46 2.32 * * *
1978 27,285,497 289,463 6,745 24.72 2.33 * * *
1979 28,932,820 293,840 7,178 24.81 2.44 * * *
1980 30,060,754 295,475 7,486 24.90 2.53 * * *
1981 31,236,287 307,583 7,081 22.67 2.30 * * *
1982 32,307,692 322,026 6,359 19.68 1.97 * * *
1983 33,068,138 334,937 6,202 18.76 1.85 * * *
1984 35,257,788 358,588 6,496 18.42 1.81 * * *
1985 37,665,180 388,779 6,689 17.76 1.72 * * *
1986 39,763,446 416,532 7,317 18.40 1.76 * * *
1987 41,695,017 444,392 8,058 19.33 1.81 * * *
1988 44,599,500 488,431 8,306 18.62 1.70 478,000 1,071 98
1989 47,134,148 522,483 8,551 18.14 1.64 511,000 1,084 98
1990 49,916,497 555,659 8,601 17.23 1.55 505,000 1,012 91
1991 52,062,064 595,924 8,391 16.12 1.41 563,000 1,081 94
1992 53,836,046 642,397 8,098 15.04 1.26 545,000 1,012 85
1993 56,573,835 675,353 8,511 15.04 1.26 601,000 1,062 89
1994 59,485,995 711,515 8,904 14.97 1.25 631,000 1,061 89
1995 62,520,872 749,971 9,568 15.30 1.28 722,000 1,156 96
1996 65,438,877 787,255 9,932 15.18 1.26 761,000 1,164 97
1997 67,287,470 824,896 10,249 15.23 1.24 755,000 1,122 92
1998 69,783,500 861,951 10,705 15.34 1.24 763,000 1,093 88
1999 72,929,502 900,667 11,265 15.45 1.25 847,000 1,161 94
2000 75,979,775 940,219 11,526 15.17 1.23 887,000 1,167 94
2001 78,675,630 973,401 11,723 14.90 1.20 861,000 1,094 88
2002 81,643,269 1,010,759 12,274 15.03 1.21 879,000 1,077 87
2003 85,063,823 1,042,444 12,546 14.75 1.20 889,000 1,045 85
2004 89,799,406 1,097,099 12,674 14.11 1.16 900,000 1,002 82
2005 94,787,880 1,132,564 13,037 13.75 1.15 872,000 920 77
2006 98,064,117 1,156,697 12,761 13.01 1.10 857,000 874 74
2007 100,817,496 1,136,361 12,458 12.36 1.10 841,000 835 74
2008 100,862,944 1,105,882 10,816 10.72 0.98 768,000 762 69
2009 102,008,600 1,122,909 10,312 10.11 0.92 759,000 744 68
2010 102,376,147 1,140,740 9,782 9.55 0.86 733,000 716 64
2011 118,694,258 1,280,560 9,302 7.84 0.73 728,000 614 57
2012 118,677,080 1,286,612 9,396 7.92 0.73 762,000 642 59

*Injury data not available before 1988.

Notes: In 2011, the Federal Highway Administration implemented an enhanced methodology for estimating registered vehicles and vehicle miles traveled
by vehicle type. These revisions were applied to data from 2007 through 2012. In some cases the changes were significant and should be taken into account
when comparing registered vehicle counts and/or vehicle miles traveled for 2006 and earlier years with the numbers for 2007 and later years. Due to an
enhancement in the passenger vehicle registration data provided by R.L. Polk & Co. for 2011 and 2012, registration counts for those years changed considerably
from the counts provided for 2010 and earlier years. This should be taken into account when comparing registration numbers and rates per registered vehicle for
light trucks for 2010 and earlier years with those for 2011 and later years. For more details, see “Changes from the Traffic Safety Facts 2011 Report” on page 8.
Sources: Vehicle Miles of Travel and Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration, revised by NHTSA; Registered Light Trucks—R.L. Polk & Co.

32 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 5

Light Truck Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,

1975-2012

Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

4.00

Injury Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

120

100

80

3.00
60

40

20

1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

2.00

1.00

0.00

1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

33
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 9
Large Truck Occupants Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates
per Registered Vehicle and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2012
Fatality Rate Fatality Rate Injury Rate Injury Rate
Vehicle Miles Large Truck per 100,000 per 100 Million Large Truck per 100,000 per 100 Million
Registered Traveled Occupants Registered Vehicle Miles Occupants Registered Vehicle Miles
Year Large Trucks (Millions) Killed Large Trucks Traveled Injured Large Trucks Traveled

1975 5,362,369 81,330 961 17.92 1.18 * * *

1976 5,575,185 86,070 1,132 20.30 1.32 * * *
1977 5,689,903 95,021 1,287 22.62 1.35 * * *
1978 5,859,807 105,739 1,395 23.81 1.32 * * *
1979 5,891,571 109,004 1,432 24.31 1.31 * * *
1980 5,790,653 108,491 1,262 21.79 1.16 * * *
1981 5,716,278 108,702 1,133 19.82 1.04 * * *
1982 5,590,415 111,423 944 16.89 0.85 * * *
1983 5,508,392 116,132 982 17.83 0.85 * * *
1984 5,401,075 121,796 1,074 19.88 0.88 * * *
1985 5,996,337 123,504 977 16.29 0.79 * * *

1986 5,720,880 126,675 926 16.19 0.73 * * *

1987 5,718,266 133,517 852 14.90 0.64 * * *
1988 6,136,884 137,985 911 14.84 0.66 37,000 611 27
1989 6,226,482 142,749 858 13.78 0.60 43,000 687 30
1990 6,195,876 146,242 705 11.38 0.48 42,000 675 29

1991 6,172,146 149,543 661 10.71 0.44 28,000 454 19

1992 6,045,205 153,384 585 9.68 0.38 34,000 559 22
1993 6,088,155 159,888 605 9.94 0.38 32,000 527 20
1994 6,587,885 170,216 670 10.17 0.39 30,000 459 18
1995 6,719,421 178,156 648 9.64 0.36 30,000 452 17
1996 7,012,615 182,971 621 8.86 0.34 33,000 467 18
1997 7,083,326 191,477 723 10.21 0.38 31,000 436 16
1998 7,732,270 196,380 742 9.60 0.38 29,000 372 15
1999 7,791,426 202,688 759 9.74 0.37 33,000 422 16
2000 8,022,649 205,520 754 9.40 0.37 31,000 384 15

2001 7,857,675 208,928 708 9.01 0.34 29,000 374 14

2002 7,927,280 214,603 689 8.69 0.32 26,000 331 12
2003 7,756,888 217,876 726 9.36 0.33 27,000 347 12
2004 8,171,364 220,811 766 9.37 0.35 27,000 334 12
2005 8,481,999 222,523 804 9.48 0.36 27,000 322 12
2006 8,819,007 222,513 805 9.13 0.36 23,000 259 10
2007 10,752,019 304,178 805 7.49 0.26 23,000 217 8
2008 10,873,275 310,680 682 6.27 0.22 23,000 211 7
2009 10,973,214 288,306 499 4.55 0.17 17,000 151 6
2010 10,770,054 286,527 530 4.92 0.18 20,000 183 7
2011 10,270,693 267,594 640 6.23 0.24 23,000 221 8
2012 10,659,380 268,318 697 6.54 0.26 25,000 238 9

*Injury data not available before 1988.

Note: In 2011, the Federal Highway Administration implemented an enhanced methodology for estimating registered vehicles and vehicle miles traveled

by vehicle type. These revisions were applied to data from 2007 through 2012. In some cases the changes were significant and should be taken into account

when comparing registered vehicle counts and/or vehicle miles traveled for 2006 and earlier years with the numbers for 2007 and later years.

Source: Registered Large Trucks and Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration.

34 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 6

Large Truck Occupant Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,

1975-2012

Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

2.00

Injury Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

30

25

20

1.50

15

10

1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

1.00

0.50

0.00

1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

35
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 10
Motorcyclists Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per Registered Vehicle
and Vehicle Miles of Travel, 1975-2012
Fatality Rate Fatality Rate Injury Rate Injury Rate
Vehicle Miles per 100,000 per 100 Million per 100,000 per 100 Million
Registered Traveled Motorcyclists Registered Vehicle Miles Motorcyclists Registered Vehicle Miles
Year Motorcycles (Millions) Killed Motorcycles Traveled Injured Motorcycles Traveled

1975 4,964,070 5,629 3,189 64.24 56.65 * * *

1976 4,933,332 6,003 3,312 67.14 55.17 * * *
1977 4,933,256 6,349 4,104 83.19 64.64 * * *
1978 4,867,855 7,158 4,577 94.02 63.94 * * *
1979 5,422,132 8,637 4,894 90.26 56.66 * * *
1980 5,693,940 10,214 5,144 90.34 50.36 * * *
1981 5,831,132 10,690 4,906 84.13 45.89 * * *
1982 5,753,858 9,910 4,453 77.39 44.93 * * *
1983 5,585,112 8,760 4,265 76.36 48.69 * * *
1984 5,479,822 8,784 4,608 84.09 52.46 * * *
1985 5,444,404 9,086 4,564 83.83 50.23 * * *

1986 5,198,993 9,397 4,566 87.82 48.59 * * *

1987 4,885,772 9,506 4,036 82.61 42.46 * * *
1988 4,584,284 10,024 3,662 79.88 36.53 105,000 2,294 1,049
1989 4,420,420 10,371 3,141 71.06 30.29 83,000 1,888 805
1990 4,259,462 9,557 3,244 76.16 33.94 84,000 1,979 882

1991 4,177,365 9,178 2,806 67.17 30.57 80,000 1,925 876

1992 4,065,118 9,557 2,395 58.92 25.06 65,000 1,601 681
1993 3,977,856 9,906 2,449 61.57 24.72 59,000 1,494 600
1994 3,756,555 10,240 2,320 61.76 22.66 57,000 1,528 561
1995 3,897,191 9,797 2,227 57.14 22.73 57,000 1,475 587
1996 3,871,599 9,920 2,161 55.82 21.78 55,000 1,428 557
1997 3,826,373 10,081 2,116 55.30 20.99 53,000 1,374 522
1998 3,879,450 10,283 2,294 59.13 22.31 49,000 1,262 476
1999 4,152,433 10,584 2,483 59.80 23.46 50,000 1,204 472
2000 4,346,068 10,469 2,897 66.66 27.67 58,000 1,328 551

2001 4,903,056 9,633 3,197 65.20 33.19 60,000 1,229 625

2002 5,004,156 9,552 3,270 65.35 34.23 65,000 1,293 677
2003 5,370,035 9,576 3,714 69.16 38.78 67,000 1,250 701
2004 5,767,934 10,122 4,028 69.83 39.79 76,000 1,324 755
2005 6,227,146 10,454 4,576 73.48 43.77 87,000 1,402 835
2006 6,678,958 12,049 4,837 72.42 40.14 88,000 1,312 727
2007 7,138,476 21,396 5,174 72.48 24.18 103,000 1,443 481
2008 7,752,926 20,811 5,312 68.52 25.52 96,000 1,238 461
2009 7,929,724 20,822 4,469 56.36 21.46 90,000 1,130 430
2010 8,009,503 18,513 4,518 56.41 24.40 82,000 1,024 443
2011 8,437,502 18,542 4,630 54.87 24.97 81,000 965 439
2012 8,454,939 21,298 4,957 58.63 23.27 93,000 1,099 436

*Injury data not available before 1988.

Note: In 2011, the Federal Highway Administration implemented an enhanced methodology for estimating registered vehicles and vehicle miles traveled

by vehicle type. These revisions were applied to data from 2007 through 2012. In some cases the changes were significant and should be taken into account

when comparing registered vehicle counts and/or vehicle miles traveled for 2006 and earlier years with the numbers for 2007 and later years.

Source: Registered Motorcycles and Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration.

36 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 7
Motorcyclist Fatality and Injury Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1975-2012
Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
100
Injury Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
1,200

1,000

80 800

600

400

200
60
0
1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

40

20

0
1975 1980 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

37
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 11
Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes Involving a Large Truck
by Person Type and Crash Type, 1975-2012
Person Type
Truck Occupants by Crash Type
Other Vehicle
Year Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total Occupants Nonoccupants Total
Killed
1975 643 318 961 3,106 416 4,483
1976 774 358 1,132 3,384 492 5,008
1977 884 403 1,287 3,925 511 5,723
1978 929 466 1,395 4,354 607 6,356
1979 967 465 1,432 4,615 655 6,702
1980 861 401 1,262 4,084 625 5,971
1981 785 348 1,133 4,126 547 5,806
1982 639 305 944 3,790 495 5,229
1983 676 306 982 3,941 568 5,491
1984 755 319 1,074 4,036 530 5,640
1985 634 343 977 4,227 530 5,734
1986 603 323 926 4,088 565 5,579
1987 571 281 852 4,194 552 5,598
1988 585 326 911 4,250 518 5,679
1989 550 308 858 4,142 490 5,490
1990 485 220 705 4,071 496 5,272
1991 448 213 661 3,705 455 4,821
1992 396 189 585 3,460 417 4,462
1993 389 216 605 3,855 396 4,856
1994 451 219 670 4,013 461 5,144
1995 425 223 648 3,846 424 4,918
1996 412 209 621 4,087 434 5,142
1997 499 224 723 4,223 452 5,398
1998 486 256 742 4,215 438 5,395
1999 480 279 759 4,180 441 5,380
2000 484 270 754 4,114 414 5,282
2001 474 234 708 3,962 441 5,111
2002 449 240 689 3,886 364 4,939
2003 457 269 726 3,919 391 5,036
2004 469 297 766 4,042 427 5,235
2005 478 326 804 3,971 465 5,240
2006 500 305 805 3,797 425 5,027
2007 502 303 805 3,608 409 4,822
2008 430 252 682 3,151 412 4,245
2009 333 166 499 2,558 323 3,380
2010 339 191 530 2,797 359 3,686
2011 408 232 640 2,713 428 3,781
2012 424 273 697 2,843 381 3,921

38 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 11
Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes Involving a Large Truck
by Person Type and Crash Type, 1975-2012 (Continued)
Person Type
Truck Occupants by Crash Type
Other Vehicle
Year Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total Occupants Nonoccupants Total
Injured
1988 17,000 20,000 37,000 89,000 4,000 130,000
1989 20,000 23,000 43,000 111,000 2,000 156,000
1990 16,000 26,000 42,000 106,000 2,000 150,000
1991 13,000 15,000 28,000 80,000 2,000 110,000
1992 13,000 20,000 34,000 102,000 3,000 139,000
1993 13,000 19,000 32,000 95,000 6,000 133,000
1994 11,000 19,000 30,000 99,000 3,000 133,000
1995 15,000 15,000 30,000 84,000 2,000 117,000
1996 15,000 18,000 33,000 95,000 3,000 130,000
1997 14,000 17,000 31,000 98,000 2,000 131,000
1998 14,000 14,000 29,000 97,000 2,000 127,000
1999 15,000 18,000 33,000 105,000 4,000 142,000
2000 16,000 14,000 31,000 106,000 3,000 140,000
2001 13,000 16,000 29,000 99,000 3,000 131,000
2002 12,000 14,000 26,000 100,000 4,000 130,000
2003 11,000 16,000 27,000 92,000 3,000 122,000
2004 13,000 14,000 27,000 85,000 4,000 116,000
2005 10,000 17,000 27,000 84,000 2,000 114,000
2006 11,000 12,000 23,000 81,000 2,000 106,000
2007 10,000 13,000 23,000 75,000 2,000 101,000
2008 10,000 13,000 23,000 64,000 3,000 90,000
2009 7,000 9,000 17,000 56,000 1,000 74,000
2010 9,000 11,000 20,000 58,000 2,000 80,000
2011 7,000 15,000 23,000 64,000 2,000 88,000
2012 9,000 17,000 25,000 76,000 3,000 104,000

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

39
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 12
Nonoccupant Fatality and Injury Rates per Population by Age Group,
1975-2012
Age Group (Years)

Year <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Total

Fatality Rate per 100,000 Population

1975 3.64 5.99 3.89 3.79 2.98 2.39 2.75 3.17 3.66 6.05 10.76 3.99
1976 3.52 5.63 3.71 3.72 3.04 2.43 2.62 3.30 3.60 5.58 10.12 3.87
1977 2.99 5.35 3.68 3.98 3.18 2.68 2.66 3.20 4.05 5.80 10.57 3.97
1978 3.14 5.45 3.76 4.04 3.51 2.90 2.78 3.33 3.77 5.36 8.93 3.96
1979 2.87 5.16 3.68 4.51 4.01 3.14 2.99 3.34 3.68 5.50 9.17 4.08
1980 2.67 4.68 3.64 4.45 4.34 3.17 2.80 3.39 3.69 5.00 9.89 4.03
1981 2.14 4.44 3.27 4.20 4.18 3.36 2.82 3.22 3.42 4.88 8.74 3.87
1982 2.15 3.89 3.07 4.11 4.27 3.06 3.00 3.05 3.05 4.45 7.41 3.58
1983 2.03 3.69 3.05 3.67 3.83 2.91 2.46 2.80 3.12 3.77 7.37 3.31
1984 1.92 3.61 3.13 3.55 3.63 2.95 2.58 2.93 3.34 4.01 7.64 3.38
1985 2.05 3.67 3.01 3.31 3.38 2.71 2.65 2.69 3.36 3.90 7.35 3.27
1986 1.89 3.58 3.22 3.45 3.54 2.93 2.51 2.98 2.86 3.64 7.34 3.27
1987 1.66 3.63 3.24 3.12 3.39 2.83 2.69 2.88 3.14 3.79 7.20 3.23
1988 1.69 3.65 2.88 2.92 3.37 2.94 2.70 2.77 3.04 3.94 7.70 3.24
1989 1.54 3.06 2.53 2.58 2.90 3.00 2.73 2.61 3.18 3.49 7.10 3.04
1990 1.60 2.65 2.34 2.53 2.84 2.97 2.77 2.63 3.09 3.67 6.97 2.99
1991 1.43 2.40 2.39 2.45 2.86 2.65 2.36 2.44 2.67 3.08 5.93 2.68
1992 1.29 2.25 2.06 2.20 2.21 2.38 2.39 2.41 2.56 3.10 5.42 2.50
1993 1.35 2.19 2.23 2.06 2.25 2.63 2.51 2.25 2.52 2.95 5.47 2.55
1994 1.31 2.20 2.10 2.01 2.22 2.34 2.46 2.35 2.41 2.82 5.50 2.46
1995 1.12 2.02 2.08 2.02 2.38 2.41 2.60 2.38 2.50 2.97 5.21 2.48
1996 1.22 1.87 1.93 1.98 2.38 2.17 2.49 2.40 2.63 2.94 4.76 2.40
1997 0.97 1.73 1.83 2.11 2.15 2.22 2.47 2.39 2.53 2.99 4.57 2.35
1998 0.96 1.42 1.62 1.88 2.12 2.06 2.46 2.41 2.61 2.74 4.68 2.26
1999 0.94 1.45 1.54 1.76 2.01 1.88 2.41 2.26 2.35 2.78 4.14 2.14
2000 0.88 1.17 1.38 1.58 1.75 1.75 2.28 2.28 2.22 2.40 3.82 1.98
2001 0.70 1.06 1.33 1.78 2.01 1.68 2.36 2.38 2.13 2.44 4.11 2.02
2002 0.71 0.94 1.18 1.64 1.71 1.77 2.24 2.37 2.10 2.76 3.68 1.96
2003 0.62 0.89 1.26 1.76 1.78 1.63 2.25 2.23 2.26 2.34 3.55 1.91
2004 0.63 0.87 1.10 1.56 1.84 1.72 2.15 2.39 2.03 2.41 3.55 1.89
2005 0.64 0.78 1.10 1.63 2.11 1.81 2.25 2.58 2.14 2.50 3.57 1.98
2006 0.59 0.81 0.93 1.56 1.97 1.87 2.11 2.61 2.19 2.32 3.35 1.93
2007 0.56 0.63 0.99 1.60 2.00 1.80 2.09 2.48 1.86 2.32 3.11 1.85
2008 0.53 0.55 0.89 1.59 1.94 1.67 1.86 2.47 2.02 2.03 2.76 1.75
2009 0.51 0.49 0.77 1.26 1.80 1.53 1.76 2.17 1.89 2.02 2.50 1.59
2010 0.52 0.47 0.75 1.51 1.89 1.63 1.64 2.17 2.06 2.01 2.79 1.65
2011 0.40 0.47 0.75 1.48 2.09 1.70 1.63 2.43 2.12 2.19 2.65 1.71
2012 0.50 0.53 0.77 1.61 2.18 1.82 1.69 2.49 2.31 2.14 2.92 1.81

Note: Population estimates for historical years are periodically revised by the U.S. Census Bureau.

40 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 12

Nonoccupant Fatality and Injury Rates per Population by Age Group,

1975-2012 (Continued)

Age Group (Years)

Year <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Total

Injury Rate per 100,000 Population

1988 35 178 195 116 117 74 45 38 35 25 45 79

1989 32 179 198 127 96 69 53 43 42 33 39 79
1990 34 139 181 128 109 76 52 37 26 29 38 75
1991 26 138 157 96 91 70 41 37 31 31 29 66
1992 33 120 165 93 98 57 45 35 29 30 27 63
1993 27 116 170 93 95 66 49 45 26 27 38 66
1994 24 112 151 119 88 60 47 36 33 24 29 63
1995 33 104 160 93 87 62 52 27 22 30 26 62
1996 31 91 156 87 80 57 38 36 26 26 22 57
1997 27 93 132 75 67 51 50 34 29 29 22 55
1998 19 77 121 70 68 49 40 33 25 21 17 48
1999 20 85 129 70 58 56 38 38 26 27 22 51
2000 18 99 91 64 71 50 41 30 29 21 20 48
2001 17 64 106 75 52 46 38 35 30 29 19 46
2002 16 60 92 61 37 55 40 29 35 26 21 44
2003 15 59 92 62 50 46 42 32 26 23 21 43
2004 19 55 81 59 53 42 39 35 21 22 19 40
2005 17 61 78 67 59 34 28 35 37 22 16 40
2006 11 37 72 66 42 37 35 33 34 23 20 38
2007 11 44 76 66 63 48 37 38 24 23 23 41
2008 12 36 82 82 65 40 38 40 34 25 24 43
2009 14 39 65 61 72 47 23 38 29 20 18 38
2010 12 35 70 71 66 49 38 40 30 29 22 42
2011 11 31 58 87 63 43 32 39 37 27 21 40
2012 11 33 67 67 67 52 45 41 37 28 19 43

Note: Population estimates for historical years are periodically revised by the U.S. Census Bureau.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

41
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 13
Persons Killed, by Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in the Crash,
1982-2012
Alcohol-Impaired Driving
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 Fatalities (BAC = .08+) BAC = .01+ Total Fatalities*

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1982 19,771 45 2,912 7 21,113 48 24,025 55 43,945 100

1983 19,787 46 2,588 6 20,051 47 22,639 53 42,589 100
1984 21,429 48 3,007 7 19,638 44 22,645 51 44,257 100
1985 22,589 52 2,974 7 18,125 41 21,098 48 43,825 100
1986 22,896 50 3,487 8 19,554 42 23,041 50 46,087 100
1987 24,186 52 3,238 7 18,813 41 22,051 48 46,390 100
1988 25,164 53 3,156 7 18,611 40 21,767 46 47,087 100
1989 25,152 55 2,793 6 17,521 38 20,314 45 45,582 100
1990 23,823 53 2,901 7 17,705 40 20,607 46 44,599 100
1991 23,025 55 2,480 6 15,827 38 18,307 44 41,508 100
1992 22,726 58 2,352 6 14,049 36 16,401 42 39,250 100
1993 23,979 60 2,300 6 13,739 34 16,039 40 40,150 100
1994 24,948 61 2,236 5 13,390 33 15,626 38 40,716 100
1995 25,768 62 2,416 6 13,478 32 15,893 38 41,817 100
1996 26,052 62 2,415 6 13,451 32 15,866 38 42,065 100
1997 26,902 64 2,216 5 12,757 30 14,973 36 42,013 100
1998 26,477 64 2,353 6 12,546 30 14,899 36 41,501 100
1999 26,798 64 2,235 5 12,555 30 14,790 35 41,717 100
2000 26,082 62 2,422 6 13,324 32 15,746 38 41,945 100
2001 26,334 62 2,441 6 13,290 31 15,731 37 42,196 100
2002 27,080 63 2,321 5 13,472 31 15,793 37 43,005 100
2003 27,328 64 2,327 5 13,096 31 15,423 36 42,884 100
2004 27,413 64 2,212 5 13,099 31 15,311 36 42,836 100
2005 27,423 63 2,404 6 13,582 31 15,985 37 43,510 100
2006 26,633 62 2,479 6 13,491 32 15,970 37 42,708 100
2007 25,611 62 2,494 6 13,041 32 15,534 38 41,259 100
2008 23,499 63 2,115 6 11,711 31 13,826 37 37,423 100
2009 21,051 62 1,972 6 10,759 32 12,731 38 33,883 100
2010 21,005 64 1,771 5 10,136 31 11,906 36 32,999 100
2011 20,848 64 1,662 5 9,865 30 11,527 35 32,479 100
2012 21,411 64 1,719 5 10,322 31 12,041 36 33,561 100

*Totals include fatalities in crashes in which there was no driver present.

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

42 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 8
Proportion of Persons Killed, by Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
in the Crash, 1982-2012

Percent of Total Fatalities

70

60

50

40

30

Highest BAC
20 in the Crash
.00
.01+
10 .08+

0
1982 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

43
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 14
Persons Killed and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving During Holiday Periods, 1982-2012
Percent Alcohol- Percent Alcohol- Percent Alcohol-
Killed Impaired Driving* Killed Impaired Driving* Killed Impaired Driving*

Holiday Period**

Year New Year’s Day Memorial Day Fourth of July

1982 *** *** 498 (3) 58 600 (3) 59

1983 375 (3) 60 539 (3) 55 620 (3) 55
1984 346 (3) 55 527 (3) 57 223 (1) 55
1985 496 (4) 50 557 (3) 51 689 (4) 49
1986 223 (1) 53 616 (3) 52 611 (3) 55
1987 535 (4) 48 519 (3) 51 556 (3) 48
1988 407 (3) 49 529 (3) 51 631 (3) 51
1989 443 (3) 41 594 (3) 47 748 (4) 47
1990 421 (3) 44 589 (3) 50 268 (1) 55
1991 441 (4) 47 533 (3) 50 718 (4) 45
1992 164 (1) 55 438 (3) 46 535 (3) 45
1993 370 (3) 46 454 (3) 40 525 (3) 42
1994 372 (3) 47 482 (3) 41 519 (3) 44
1995 392 (3) 38 483 (3) 40 661 (4) 37
1996 420 (3) 40 514 (3) 43 629 (4) 36
1997 192 (1) 53 511 (3) 40 508 (3) 40
1998 545 (4) 39 393 (3) 40 479 (3) 43
1999 354 (3) 43 500 (3) 42 509 (3) 35
2000 469 (3) 47 466 (3) 46 717 (4) 39
2001 357 (3) 40 515 (3) 44 207 (1) 44
2002 575 (4) 41 494 (3) 37 685 (4) 36
2003 220 (1) 49 481 (3) 37 519 (3) 43
2004 563 (4) 40 514 (3) 38 524 (3) 40
2005 472 (3) 38 532 (3) 39 591 (3) 44
2006 456 (3) 42 511 (3) 40 659 (4) 37
2007 391 (3) 40 492 (3) 37 202 (1) 45
2008 424 (4) 41 425 (3) 41 494 (3) 44
2009 467 (4) 40 473 (3) 42 412 (3) 39
2010 297 (3) 48 399 (3) 40 393 (3) 38
2011 318 (3) 43 408 (3) 40 429 (3) 37
2012 356 (3) 39 377 (3) 44 179 (1) 44

*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or greater. NHTSA
estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.
**The number of whole days in the holiday period is shown in parentheses. The length of the holiday period depends on the day on which the legal holiday falls,
as follows:
• If the holiday falls on Monday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Friday to 5:59 am Tuesday.
• If the holiday falls on Tuesday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Friday to 5:59 am Wednesday.
• If the holiday falls on Wednesday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Tuesday to 5:59 am Thursday.
• If the holiday falls on Thursday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Wednesday to 5:59 am Monday.
• If the holiday falls on Friday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Thursday to 5:59 am Monday.
• Number of days and number of hours incorporated: 1 day (36 hours), 2 days (60 hours), 3 days (84 hours), 4 days (108 hours).
***No data available.

44 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 14
Persons Killed and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving During Holiday Periods, 1982-2012
(Continued)
Percent Alcohol- Percent Alcohol- Percent Alcohol-
Killed Impaired Driving* Killed Impaired Driving* Killed Impaired Driving*

Holiday Period**

Year Labor Day Thanksgiving Christmas

1982 628 (3) 55 601 (4) 51 458 (3) 50

1983 636 (3) 60 533 (4) 50 352 (3) 54
1984 609 (3) 53 558 (4) 51 643 (4) 54
1985 605 (3) 51 566 (4) 47 152 (1) 47
1986 663 (3) 52 598 (4) 48 508 (4) 48
1987 630 (3) 53 659 (4) 45 409 (3) 47
1988 592 (3) 52 601 (4) 47 511 (3) 48
1989 588 (3) 48 561 (4) 47 553 (3) 49
1990 599 (3) 52 563 (4) 44 567 (4) 42
1991 577 (3) 46 546 (4) 42 135 (1) 36
1992 460 (3) 42 403 (4) 47 410 (3) 39
1993 522 (3) 47 569 (4) 38 402 (3) 43
1994 494 (3) 46 575 (4) 40 455 (3) 40
1995 511 (3) 40 527 (4) 41 358 (3) 40
1996 525 (3) 43 588 (4) 38 167 (1) 37
1997 507 (3) 42 571 (4) 31 480 (4) 33
1998 464 (3) 40 602 (4) 38 364 (3) 41
1999 485 (3) 38 581 (4) 36 485 (3) 41
2000 529 (3) 43 509 (4) 41 442 (3) 40
2001 481 (3) 40 590 (4) 39 604 (4) 39
2002 543 (3) 45 551 (4) 36 131 (1) 40
2003 507 (3) 38 562 (4) 36 520 (4) 37
2004 502 (3) 38 574 (4) 30 389 (3) 38
2005 507 (3) 40 629 (4) 37 402 (3) 40
2006 508 (3) 37 635 (4) 34 395 (3) 42
2007 520 (3) 42 553 (4) 35 478 (4) 38
2008 493 (3) 40 507 (4) 35 426 (4) 32
2009 362 (3) 38 413 (4) 34 262 (3) 36
2010 406 (3) 35 431 (4) 40 264 (3) 35
2011 382 (3) 37 384 (4) 32 267 (3) 36
2012 390 (3) 38 416 (4) 42 362 (4) 37

*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or greater. NHTSA
estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.
**The number of whole days in the holiday period is shown in parentheses. The length of the holiday period depends on the day on which the legal holiday falls,
as follows:
• If the holiday falls on Monday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Friday to 5:59 am Tuesday.
• If the holiday falls on Tuesday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Friday to 5:59 am Wednesday.
• If the holiday falls on Wednesday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Tuesday to 5:59 am Thursday.
• If the holiday falls on Thursday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Wednesday to 5:59 am Monday.
• If the holiday falls on Friday, the holiday period is from 6:00 pm Thursday to 5:59 am Monday.
• Number of days and number of hours incorporated: 1 day (36 hours), 2 days (60 hours), 3 days (84 hours), 4 days (108 hours).
***No data available.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

45
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 15
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Time of Day,
1982-2012
Day* Night* Total Drivers

Percent Percent Percent

Year Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+

1982 23,725 19 15 32,085 57 49 56,029 41 35

1983 24,381 18 15 30,037 57 50 54,656 39 34
1984 26,415 17 14 30,775 55 47 57,512 38 32
1985 27,578 16 12 30,008 52 44 57,883 35 29
1986 28,434 16 13 31,543 53 45 60,335 36 30
1987 29,227 15 12 31,854 51 43 61,442 34 28
1988 30,196 14 11 31,715 50 43 62,253 33 28
1989 29,953 13 11 30,170 49 42 60,435 31 27
1990 28,797 14 11 29,778 51 44 58,893 33 28
1991 26,829 13 10 27,249 49 43 54,391 31 27
1992 26,236 12 10 25,380 47 40 51,901 30 25
1993 27,770 11 9 25,355 46 39 53,401 28 24
1994 29,134 11 9 25,112 44 38 54,549 27 23
1995 30,066 11 9 25,755 43 37 56,164 26 22
1996 30,802 11 8 25,864 43 37 57,001 26 22
1997 30,979 10 8 25,368 41 35 56,688 24 20
1998 31,389 10 8 24,879 42 36 56,604 24 20
1999 31,212 10 8 24,968 41 35 56,502 24 20
2000 31,236 11 8 25,710 43 37 57,280 26 21
2001 31,620 11 8 25,661 43 37 57,586 25 21
2002 31,135 11 8 26,653 42 36 58,113 25 21
2003 31,863 10 8 26,258 41 36 58,517 24 21
2004 31,686 11 8 26,360 41 35 58,395 24 21
2005 31,820 11 9 27,085 41 36 59,220 25 21
2006 30,566 12 9 26,949 42 36 57,846 26 22
2007 29,307 11 9 26,367 42 36 56,019 26 22
2008 26,377 11 9 23,760 42 36 50,416 26 22
2009 23,673 11 9 21,379 43 37 45,337 26 22
2010 23,840 11 9 20,541 42 36 44,599 26 22
2011 23,460 11 8 20,178 41 36 43,840 25 21
2012 23,927 12 9 21,162 40 35 45,337 25 21

*Day = 6:00 AM - 5:59 PM. Night = 6:00 PM - 5:59 AM. Total includes drivers with time of day unknown.

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

46 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 16
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Sex, 1982-2012
Male Female

Percent Percent

Year Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+

1982 44,370 44 38 10,675 27 22

1983 42,812 43 37 10,958 25 22
1984 44,723 41 35 11,907 25 20
1985 44,846 38 32 12,142 22 18
1986 46,653 40 33 12,744 22 17
1987 46,884 37 32 13,614 21 17
1988 47,402 37 31 13,951 20 16
1989 45,448 35 30 14,054 19 16
1990 44,281 37 32 13,726 20 16
1991 40,731 35 30 12,825 19 16
1992 38,598 33 28 12,596 18 15
1993 39,556 32 27 13,082 17 14
1994 40,233 30 26 13,567 17 14
1995 41,235 30 25 14,184 16 13
1996 41,376 29 25 14,850 16 13
1997 40,954 28 24 14,954 15 12
1998 40,816 28 23 15,089 15 12
1999 41,012 28 23 14,835 14 12
2000 41,795 29 24 14,790 16 13
2001 41,901 29 24 14,919 15 13
2002 42,377 29 25 14,999 15 12
2003 42,586 28 24 15,211 14 12
2004 42,250 28 24 15,384 15 12
2005 43,282 28 24 15,059 16 13
2006 42,223 29 24 14,753 18 15
2007 41,053 29 24 14,184 16 13
2008 37,061 29 25 12,627 16 13
2009 32,882 30 25 11,864 16 13
2010 32,079 28 24 11,859 17 15
2011 31,918 28 24 11,265 16 14
2012 33,124 28 24 11,509 16 14

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

47
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 17
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Vehicle Type,
1982-2012
Passenger Car Light Truck Large Truck Motorcycle

Percent Percent Percent Percent

BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC =

Year Total .01+ .08+ Total .01+ .08+ Total .01+ .08+ Total .01+ .08+

1982 34,121 42 36 11,199 44 39 4,582 10 6 4,490 55 47

1983 33,069 40 35 11,017 43 39 4,790 10 7 4,288 57 48
1984 34,395 39 33 11,866 41 35 5,056 9 7 4,650 55 46
1985 34,071 36 30 12,372 37 32 5,091 7 5 4,598 53 43
1986 35,959 36 30 13,208 38 33 5,015 7 5 4,558 56 46
1987 36,371 35 29 14,407 37 31 5,046 5 3 4,061 51 43
1988 36,769 34 28 15,167 37 31 5,141 6 4 3,704 51 42
1989 35,204 32 27 15,579 35 30 4,903 4 3 3,182 53 45
1990 33,893 34 29 15,501 36 31 4,709 5 3 3,269 52 43
1991 31,102 31 27 14,702 35 30 4,291 4 3 2,816 52 44
1992 29,670 30 25 14,540 33 28 3,980 3 2 2,435 49 40
1993 30,060 28 24 15,207 31 27 4,271 4 2 2,471 45 38
1994 30,103 28 24 16,235 29 25 4,592 3 2 2,330 41 33
1995 30,773 27 23 17,483 29 25 4,410 4 2 2,262 42 33
1996 30,595 27 23 18,118 28 24 4,703 3 2 2,175 43 35
1997 29,896 26 22 18,502 26 23 4,859 3 2 2,159 41 32
1998 28,907 26 21 19,247 26 22 4,905 2 1 2,333 41 34
1999 27,878 25 21 19,865 26 22 4,868 3 1 2,528 40 33
2000 27,661 28 24 20,393 26 22 4,948 3 1 2,971 40 32
2001 27,444 27 23 20,704 27 23 4,779 2 1 3,261 37 29
2002 27,236 27 22 21,562 27 23 4,550 3 2 3,363 39 31
2003 26,422 26 22 22,172 25 22 4,658 2 1 3,800 36 29
2004 25,568 27 23 22,367 25 21 4,837 2 1 4,116 34 27
2005 25,046 28 24 22,879 25 22 4,900 3 1 4,679 34 27
2006 24,162 27 23 22,307 28 24 4,729 2 1 4,961 34 26
2007 22,765 27 23 21,719 27 23 4,601 2 1 5,306 35 27
2008 20,379 27 23 19,095 26 23 4,040 3 2 5,405 36 29
2009 18,344 27 23 17,878 27 23 3,182 3 2 4,601 36 29
2010 17,710 27 24 17,385 25 22 3,456 2 1 4,647 36 28
2011 17,401 27 24 16,706 25 21 3,594 3 1 4,761 37 29
2012 17,992 26 23 17,131 25 22 3,753 3 2 5,075 35 27

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

48 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 9
Proportion of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes with BAC = .08+ by Vehicle Type,
1982-2012

Percent of Drivers with BAC = .08+

50

Vehicle Type
Large Truck Passenger Car Light Truck Motorcycle

40

30

20

10

0
1982 1985 1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

49
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 18
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Age,
1982-2012
Percent Percent Percent
Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+
Age
Year <16 Years 16-20 Years 21-24 Years

1982 412 20 17 9,858 45 36 9,018 53 46

1983 416 19 16 9,334 43 35 8,432 53 46
1984 446 20 15 9,804 40 31 8,963 52 44
1985 479 21 15 9,386 35 26 9,046 47 40
1986 504 22 15 10,163 37 28 9,129 49 41
1987 469 20 14 9,910 33 25 8,808 47 39
1988 448 17 12 10,171 33 25 8,555 47 39
1989 402 15 11 9,442 30 23 7,723 45 38
1990 409 19 14 8,821 33 25 7,195 46 39
1991 364 18 11 8,002 30 23 6,748 45 38
1982 350 18 11 7,192 27 21 6,323 42 35
1983 383 14 9 7,256 24 18 6,406 40 34
1994 397 16 12 7,723 24 18 6,291 39 33
1995 410 14 9 7,725 21 16 6,263 38 32
1996 413 13 9 7,824 23 17 6,205 38 31
1997 345 11 8 7,719 22 17 5,705 36 30
1998 361 15 11 7,767 22 17 5,613 37 32
1999 333 13 10 7,985 22 17 5,639 38 31
2000 320 15 10 8,024 24 18 5,950 38 32
2001 293 16 12 7,992 23 18 6,037 39 33
2002 335 13 9 8,128 23 18 6,316 39 33
2003 345 13 9 7,744 24 19 6,276 38 32
2004 345 14 10 7,755 23 18 6,413 39 33
2005 304 16 10 7,334 22 17 6,585 39 33
2006 277 16 12 7,315 24 19 6,480 39 33
2007 239 17 12 6,894 23 18 6,287 41 34
2008 215 12 9 5,750 22 17 5,342 40 34
2009 181 11 6 5,073 24 19 4,612 41 34
2010 159 7 6 4,505 22 18 4,608 40 34
2011 115 11 8 4,307 24 20 4,488 37 32
2012 121 11 8 4,211 22 18 4,738 38 32

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

50 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 18

Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Age,

1982-2012 (Continued)

Percent Percent Percent

Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+
Age
Year 25-34 Years 35-44 Years 45-54 Years

1982 14,787 46 41 7,984 38 33 4,980 32 28

1983 14,470 46 41 8,068 37 33 4,992 29 25
1984 15,233 44 39 8,563 35 31 5,084 28 24
1985 15,257 42 37 8,892 32 29 5,150 26 22
1986 16,179 43 38 9,240 33 29 5,077 26 22
1987 16,562 43 37 9,778 32 28 5,470 23 20
1988 16,398 42 36 10,077 32 28 5,761 23 20
1989 15,928 40 35 10,106 32 28 6,038 24 21
1990 15,764 43 37 10,177 33 30 5,867 24 20
1991 14,151 41 36 9,482 32 28 5,458 23 20
1992 13,049 40 35 9,284 31 27 5,672 22 19
1993 13,038 37 32 9,738 30 27 5,970 21 18
1994 12,891 36 31 9,951 29 26 6,493 21 18
1995 13,048 35 30 10,677 30 26 6,815 21 18
1996 12,889 34 30 10,955 29 25 7,127 21 18
1997 12,453 32 27 10,904 29 26 7,522 20 17
1998 11,925 32 28 11,241 28 24 7,690 21 18
1999 11,763 32 28 11,059 28 25 7,708 20 17
2000 11,739 33 28 11,132 30 26 8,234 22 18
2001 11,584 32 28 11,261 29 25 8,346 22 19
2002 11,483 33 29 10,973 29 26 8,558 22 19
2003 11,288 31 27 11,053 28 24 9,024 22 19
2004 11,242 32 27 10,743 27 23 9,148 22 19
2005 11,467 33 29 10,793 28 24 9,434 23 19
2006 11,279 34 29 10,379 29 25 9,234 23 19
2007 10,773 34 29 9,936 28 25 9,028 24 20
2008 9,800 36 31 8,806 29 25 8,355 24 20
2009 8,630 36 31 7,779 30 26 7,686 26 22
2010 8,567 35 30 7,333 29 25 7,517 25 21
2011 8,549 34 30 7,084 28 24 7,513 24 21
2012 8,950 33 29 7,311 29 25 7,601 24 21

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

51
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 18

Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Age,

1982-2012 (Continued)

Percent Percent Percent

Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+ Total BAC = .01+ BAC = .08+
Age
Year 55-64 Years 65-74 Years >74 Years

1982 3,941 25 21 2,343 17 14 1,551 11 8

1983 3,862 23 20 2,434 14 12 1,592 10 8
1984 4,059 22 18 2,620 16 13 1,696 10 7
1985 4,112 19 16 2,650 14 11 1,829 8 5
1986 4,019 20 16 2,844 14 11 2,037 8 5
1987 4,223 18 15 2,987 13 10 2,091 7 5
1988 4,320 18 15 3,079 14 10 2,297 8 5
1989 4,202 17 15 3,107 12 9 2,324 7 5
1990 4,068 17 14 3,161 12 9 2,340 8 5
1991 3,695 16 13 3,017 12 9 2,454 7 4
1992 3,688 16 13 3,024 12 9 2,450 6 4
1993 3,824 17 14 3,031 10 8 2,817 7 4
1994 3,828 15 12 3,194 11 9 2,867 6 4
1995 4,079 16 14 3,251 10 8 2,989 6 4
1996 4,237 15 12 3,319 11 8 3,068 6 5
1997 4,394 14 11 3,401 10 8 3,314 6 4
1998 4,478 14 11 3,399 9 7 3,291 6 4
1999 4,608 14 11 3,251 10 7 3,346 6 4
2000 4,766 15 12 3,134 11 8 3,147 6 4
2001 4,714 14 12 3,156 9 7 3,290 6 4
2002 5,093 14 12 3,100 9 7 3,223 6 4
2003 5,455 14 11 3,116 10 8 3,329 6 5
2004 5,612 15 12 3,070 10 8 3,169 7 5
2005 6,075 16 13 3,217 10 7 3,016 6 4
2006 5,894 17 13 3,029 11 8 2,967 7 5
2007 6,037 15 12 3,038 10 7 2,879 6 4
2008 5,717 16 12 2,927 9 6 2,672 6 4
2009 5,276 15 13 2,876 9 7 2,560 5 3
2010 5,577 17 14 2,902 10 8 2,688 6 4
2011 5,572 17 14 2,960 10 8 2,528 7 5
2012 5,899 17 14 3,212 11 9 2,532 7 5

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

52 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Figure 10
Proportion of Drivers in Fatal Crashes with BAC = .08+ by Age, 1982-2012
Percent of Drivers with BAC = .08+
50

40

Driver
Age Group
21-24 Years
30
25-34 Years

35-44 Years

45-54 Years
20
16-20 Years

55-64 Years

65-74 Years
10

<16 Years

>74 Years

0
1982 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

53
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 19
Drivers in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Survival Status,
1982-2012
Driver Survival Status
Surviving Drivers Killed Drivers All Drivers in Fatal Crashes
BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC = BAC =
Year .00 .01-.07 .08+ Total .00 .01-.07 .08+ Total .00 .01-.07 .08+ Total
1982 22,187 1,615 7,537 31,339 11,015 1,537 12,139 24,690 33,202 3,152 19,676 56,029
1983 21,885 1,410 7,223 30,518 11,189 1,406 11,543 24,138 33,075 2,816 18,765 54,656
1984 23,367 1,620 6,936 31,923 12,477 1,614 11,499 25,589 35,843 3,234 18,435 57,512
1985 24,921 1,451 6,174 32,546 12,960 1,692 10,685 25,337 37,880 3,143 16,860 57,883
1986 25,265 1,758 6,681 33,705 13,343 1,878 11,409 26,630 38,608 3,636 18,091 60,335
1987 26,570 1,612 6,426 34,609 14,054 1,722 11,058 26,833 40,624 3,334 17,484 61,442
1988 27,270 1,565 6,165 35,000 14,418 1,732 11,103 27,253 41,688 3,297 17,268 62,253
1989 27,193 1,301 5,552 34,046 14,246 1,507 10,637 26,389 41,438 2,808 16,189 60,435
1990 25,582 1,469 6,092 33,143 13,858 1,497 10,395 25,750 39,440 2,966 16,487 58,893
1991 24,157 1,245 5,059 30,461 13,138 1,307 9,485 23,930 37,295 2,552 14,544 54,391
1992 23,678 1,172 4,467 29,317 12,906 1,226 8,452 22,584 36,584 2,398 12,919 51,901
1993 24,858 1,147 4,254 30,259 13,652 1,168 8,322 23,142 38,510 2,315 12,576 53,401
1994 25,331 1,078 4,449 30,858 14,612 1,166 7,913 23,691 39,943 2,244 12,362 54,549
1995 26,633 1,082 4,059 31,774 14,841 1,242 8,307 24,390 41,474 2,324 12,366 56,164
1996 27,158 1,136 4,173 32,467 15,134 1,225 8,175 24,534 42,292 2,361 12,348 57,001
1997 27,258 1,027 3,736 32,021 15,670 1,154 7,843 24,667 42,929 2,180 11,579 56,688
1998 27,026 1,108 3,727 31,861 15,738 1,171 7,834 24,743 42,764 2,279 11,561 56,604
1999 26,733 983 3,529 31,245 16,126 1,213 7,918 25,257 42,858 2,196 11,447 56,502
2000 26,527 1,092 4,094 31,713 16,116 1,285 8,167 25,567 42,643 2,376 12,261 57,280
2001 26,601 1,135 3,981 31,717 16,332 1,285 8,253 25,869 42,932 2,420 12,233 57,586
2002 26,524 1,040 3,889 31,454 16,863 1,281 8,515 26,659 43,388 2,321 12,405 58,113
2003 27,081 976 3,681 31,738 17,107 1,319 8,354 26,779 44,187 2,295 12,035 58,517
2004 26,661 960 3,903 31,524 17,450 1,266 8,155 26,871 44,111 2,226 12,057 58,395
2005 26,650 998 4,082 31,729 17,628 1,374 8,489 27,491 44,278 2,371 12,571 59,220
2006 25,509 1,016 3,973 30,498 17,315 1,455 8,578 27,348 42,823 2,472 12,551 57,846
2007 24,831 1,136 3,483 29,449 16,591 1,361 8,617 26,570 41,422 2,497 12,100 56,019
2008 22,312 913 2,937 26,162 15,067 1,226 7,961 24,254 37,379 2,139 10,898 50,416
2009 19,803 883 2,816 23,502 13,520 1,102 7,213 21,835 33,324 1,985 10,029 45,337
2010 19,747 761 3,019 23,527 13,442 1,051 6,579 21,072 33,190 1,812 9,598 44,599
2011 19,615 647 2,762 23,025 13,290 1,001 6,524 20,815 32,906 1,648 9,287 43,840
2012 20,258 695 2,990 23,943 13,665 1,042 6,688 21,394 33,922 1,737 9,678 45,337

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

54 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 20
Pedestrians Killed, 14 Years and Older, by Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC),
1982-2012
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ Total
Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
1982 3,132 51 321 5 2,701 44 6,154 100
1983 2,905 51 297 5 2,508 44 5,710 100
1984 3,159 53 283 5 2,465 42 5,907 100
1985 3,072 54 342 6 2,288 40 5,702 100
1986 3,104 54 334 6 2,264 40 5,702 100
1987 3,188 56 344 6 2,183 38 5,715 100
1988 3,364 58 287 5 2,173 37 5,825 100
1989 3,164 56 300 5 2,193 39 5,658 100
1990 3,185 57 260 5 2,150 38 5,595 100
1991 2,862 57 236 5 1,907 38 5,005 100
1992 2,712 56 231 5 1,868 39 4,812 100
1993 2,792 57 199 4 1,869 38 4,860 100
1994 2,782 59 230 5 1,725 36 4,737 100
1995 2,871 59 225 5 1,801 37 4,896 100
1996 2,749 58 212 4 1,816 38 4,777 100
1997 2,889 61 177 4 1,649 35 4,715 100
1998 2,743 59 248 5 1,689 36 4,680 100
1999 2,568 58 194 4 1,657 37 4,419 100
2000 2,535 59 213 5 1,541 36 4,288 100
2001 2,666 60 220 5 1,567 35 4,453 100
2002 2,670 60 193 4 1,589 36 4,451 100
2003 2,621 60 192 4 1,570 36 4,383 100
2004 2,563 60 208 5 1,535 36 4,306 100
2005 2,778 61 197 4 1,566 34 4,541 100
2006 2,580 58 222 5 1,661 37 4,463 100
2007 2,585 59 207 5 1,594 36 4,386 100
2008 2,409 58 183 4 1,553 37 4,145 100
2009 2,290 59 174 5 1,404 36 3,869 100
2010 2,447 60 192 5 1,416 35 4,055 100
2011 2,498 59 198 5 1,546 36 4,241 100
2012 2,687 60 212 5 1,594 35 4,492 100

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

55
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 21
Drivers of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks in Crashes by Crash Severity
and Restraint Use, 1975-2012
Restraint Used Restraint Not Used Restraint Use Unknown Total
Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Drivers in Fatal Crashes
1975 2,583 5.6 29,710 64.3 13,931 30.1 46,224 100.0
1976 2,062 4.5 29,905 64.7 14,239 30.8 46,206 100.0
1977 1,897 3.9 33,011 67.3 14,154 28.8 49,062 100.0
1978 1,882 3.6 37,606 72.3 12,510 24.1 51,998 100.0
1979 1,680 3.2 38,326 73.5 12,123 23.3 52,129 100.0
1980 1,482 2.9 37,889 73.8 11,935 23.3 51,306 100.0
1981 1,488 2.9 38,353 75.6 10,905 21.5 50,746 100.0
1982 1,515 3.3 33,793 74.6 10,012 22.1 45,320 100.0
1983 1,835 4.2 32,332 73.3 9,919 22.5 44,086 100.0
1984 2,756 6.0 32,979 71.3 10,526 22.8 46,261 100.0
1985 6,172 13.3 29,705 64.0 10,566 22.8 46,443 100.0
1986 10,891 22.2 28,778 58.5 9,498 19.3 49,167 100.0
1987 14,474 28.5 28,154 55.4 8,150 16.1 50,778 100.0
1988 16,948 32.6 28,146 54.2 6,842 13.2 51,936 100.0
1989 17,545 34.5 26,764 52.7 6,474 12.7 50,783 100.0
1990 18,340 37.1 24,706 50.0 6,348 12.9 49,394 100.0
1991 18,457 40.3 21,843 47.7 5,504 12.0 45,804 100.0
1992 19,106 43.2 19,836 44.9 5,268 11.9 44,210 100.0
1993 20,932 46.2 19,139 42.3 5,196 11.5 45,267 100.0
1994 22,763 49.1 18,946 40.9 4,629 10.0 46,338 100.0
1995 24,166 50.1 19,427 40.3 4,663 9.7 48,256 100.0
1996 25,207 51.7 18,759 38.5 4,747 9.7 48,713 100.0
1997 25,313 52.3 18,286 37.8 4,799 9.9 48,398 100.0
1998 25,854 53.7 17,601 36.6 4,699 9.8 48,154 100.0
1999 25,498 53.4 17,693 37.1 4,552 9.5 47,743 100.0
2000 26,690 55.5 16,995 35.4 4,369 9.1 48,054 100.0
2001 27,222 56.5 16,528 34.3 4,398 9.1 48,148 100.0
2002 27,813 57.0 16,710 34.2 4,275 8.8 48,798 100.0
2003 28,822 59.3 15,491 31.9 4,281 8.8 48,594 100.0
2004 29,072 60.6 15,120 31.5 3,743 7.8 47,935 100.0
2005 29,264 61.1 14,984 31.3 3,677 7.7 47,925 100.0
2006 28,285 60.9 14,434 31.1 3,750 8.1 46,469 100.0
2007 27,622 62.1 13,215 29.7 3,647 8.2 44,484 100.0
2008 24,649 62.4 11,770 29.8 3,055 7.7 39,474 100.0
2009 22,963 63.4 10,486 28.9 2,773 7.7 36,222 100.0
2010 22,712 64.7 9,598 27.3 2,785 7.9 35,095 100.0
2011 22,183 65.0 9,321 27.3 2,603 7.6 34,107 100.0
2012 22,983 65.4 9,395 26.7 2,745 7.8 35,123 100.0

Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

56 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 21
Drivers of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks in Crashes by Crash Severity
and Restraint Use, 1975-2012 (Continued)
Restraint Used Restraint Not Used Restraint Use Unknown Total
Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Drivers in Injury Crashes
1988 2,313,000 62.1 802,000 21.5 609,000 16.4 3,724,000 100.0
1989 2,267,000 62.8 749,000 20.8 592,000 16.4 3,607,000 100.0
1990 2,290,000 64.4 703,000 19.8 563,000 15.8 3,556,000 100.0
1991 2,308,000 68.0 581,000 17.1 505,000 14.9 3,394,000 100.0
1992 2,420,000 71.5 476,000 14.0 490,000 14.5 3,386,000 100.0
1993 2,557,000 73.8 435,000 12.6 475,000 13.7 3,467,000 100.0
1994 2,856,000 77.4 418,000 11.3 416,000 11.3 3,690,000 100.0
1995 3,118,000 79.3 388,000 9.9 425,000 10.8 3,931,000 100.0
1996 3,136,000 79.4 366,000 9.3 445,000 11.3 3,947,000 100.0
1997 3,003,000 79.1 339,000 8.9 452,000 11.9 3,794,000 100.0
1998 2,863,000 79.5 309,000 8.6 428,000 11.9 3,600,000 100.0
1999 2,897,000 80.5 293,000 8.1 409,000 11.4 3,598,000 100.0
2000 2,959,000 82.2 252,000 7.0 390,000 10.8 3,600,000 100.0
2001 2,882,000 82.5 234,000 6.7 376,000 10.8 3,491,000 100.0
2002 2,787,000 83.5 208,000 6.2 343,000 10.3 3,338,000 100.0
2003 2,844,000 84.7 180,000 5.4 332,000 9.9 3,356,000 100.0
2004 2,785,000 86.2 138,000 4.3 307,000 9.5 3,230,000 100.0
2005 2,666,000 86.1 141,000 4.5 290,000 9.4 3,097,000 100.0
2006 2,577,000 86.2 124,000 4.1 290,000 9.7 2,990,000 100.0
2007 2,475,000 86.4 116,000 4.0 274,000 9.6 2,865,000 100.0
2008 2,369,000 87.2 105,000 3.9 241,000 8.9 2,715,000 100.0
2009 2,257,000 87.8 87,000 3.4 226,000 8.8 2,570,000 100.0
2010 2,294,000 87.3 84,000 3.2 250,000 9.5 2,629,000 100.0
2011 2,275,000 87.7 80,000 3.1 238,000 9.2 2,593,000 100.0
2012 2,428,000 87.8 82,000 3.0 255,000 9.2 2,765,000 100.0
Drivers in Property-Damage-Only Crashes
1988 4,517,000 60.4 1,200,000 16.0 1,763,000 23.6 7,481,000 100.0
1989 4,531,000 62.6 1,015,000 14.0 1,691,000 23.4 7,237,000 100.0
1990 4,499,000 63.4 978,000 13.8 1,616,000 22.8 7,094,000 100.0
1991 4,516,000 67.2 712,000 10.6 1,490,000 22.2 6,718,000 100.0
1992 4,671,000 71.6 508,000 7.8 1,344,000 20.6 6,523,000 100.0
1993 4,986,000 75.0 451,000 6.8 1,209,000 18.2 6,646,000 100.0
1994 5,534,000 77.7 392,000 5.5 1,198,000 16.8 7,124,000 100.0
1995 5,914,000 79.3 356,000 4.8 1,184,000 15.9 7,454,000 100.0
1996 5,960,000 79.2 328,000 4.4 1,241,000 16.5 7,529,000 100.0
1997 5,841,000 78.9 311,000 4.2 1,255,000 16.9 7,406,000 100.0
1998 5,720,000 79.6 268,000 3.7 1,199,000 16.7 7,187,000 100.0
1999 5,637,000 81.3 236,000 3.4 1,058,000 15.3 6,932,000 100.0
2000 5,846,000 82.7 173,000 2.4 1,050,000 14.9 7,069,000 100.0
2001 5,897,000 83.6 161,000 2.3 1,000,000 14.2 7,058,000 100.0
2002 6,093,000 84.9 157,000 2.2 923,000 12.9 7,173,000 100.0
2003 6,042,000 84.7 135,000 1.9 960,000 13.4 7,137,000 100.0
2004 6,106,000 86.2 106,000 1.5 870,000 12.3 7,083,000 100.0
2005 6,087,000 86.1 104,000 1.5 880,000 12.4 7,071,000 100.0
2006 5,940,000 85.3 95,000 1.4 925,000 13.3 6,960,000 100.0
2007 6,011,000 85.8 91,000 1.3 900,000 12.9 7,003,000 100.0
2008 5,862,000 86.7 95,000 1.4 802,000 11.9 6,758,000 100.0
2009 5,708,000 87.4 71,000 1.1 751,000 11.5 6,531,000 100.0
2010 5,720,000 88.8 76,000 1.2 644,000 10.0 6,440,000 100.0
2011 5,599,000 88.8 55,000 0.9 652,000 10.3 6,306,000 100.0
2012 5,832,000 88.8 64,000 1.0 673,000 10.3 6,568,000 100.0
Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

57
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 22
Occupants of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Killed or Injured, by Restraint Use,
1975-2012
Restraint Used Restraint Not Used Restraint Use Unknown Total
Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Occupants Killed

1975 986 3.2 21,076 68.5 8,723 28.3 30,785 100.0

1976 796 2.5 21,979 69.5 8,829 27.9 31,604 100.0
1977 778 2.4 23,593 72.0 8,387 25.6 32,758 100.0
1978 784 2.2 26,671 76.4 7,443 21.3 34,898 100.0
1979 683 2.0 27,130 77.5 7,173 20.5 34,986 100.0
1980 671 1.9 27,483 78.7 6,781 19.4 34,935 100.0
1981 649 1.9 26,974 80.0 6,103 18.1 33,726 100.0
1982 679 2.3 23,558 79.3 5,452 18.4 29,689 100.0
1983 827 2.8 23,080 79.1 5,274 18.1 29,181 100.0
1984 1,208 4.0 23,299 77.4 5,609 18.6 30,116 100.0
1985 2,391 8.0 22,131 74.0 5,379 18.0 29,901 100.0
1986 4,074 12.6 23,420 72.6 4,767 14.8 32,261 100.0
1987 5,249 15.8 23,799 71.7 4,142 12.5 33,190 100.0
1988 6,210 18.2 24,359 71.4 3,545 10.4 34,114 100.0
1989 6,546 19.5 23,613 70.2 3,455 10.3 33,614 100.0
1990 6,775 20.7 22,547 69.0 3,371 10.3 32,693 100.0
1991 7,332 23.8 20,488 66.6 2,956 9.6 30,776 100.0
1992 7,699 26.1 19,053 64.6 2,733 9.3 29,485 100.0
1993 8,679 28.9 18,553 61.7 2,845 9.5 30,077 100.0
1994 9,642 31.2 18,636 60.3 2,623 8.5 30,901 100.0
1995 10,159 31.8 19,123 59.8 2,709 8.5 31,991 100.0
1996 10,716 33.0 18,848 58.1 2,873 8.9 32,437 100.0
1997 10,995 33.9 18,642 57.5 2,811 8.7 32,448 100.0
1998 11,213 35.2 18,022 56.5 2,664 8.4 31,899 100.0
1999 11,174 34.8 18,316 57.0 2,637 8.2 32,127 100.0
2000 11,787 36.6 17,810 55.3 2,628 8.2 32,225 100.0
2001 11,946 37.3 17,517 54.7 2,580 8.1 32,043 100.0
2002 12,533 38.2 17,797 54.2 2,513 7.7 32,843 100.0
2003 12,967 40.2 16,764 51.9 2,540 7.9 32,271 100.0
2004 13,250 41.6 16,432 51.6 2,184 6.9 31,866 100.0
2005 13,064 41.4 16,247 51.5 2,238 7.1 31,549 100.0
2006 12,710 41.4 15,635 51.0 2,341 7.6 30,686 100.0
2007 12,322 42.4 14,446 49.7 2,304 7.9 29,072 100.0
2008 10,691 42.0 12,925 50.8 1,846 7.3 25,462 100.0
2009 10,190 43.5 11,545 49.2 1,712 7.3 23,447 100.0
2010 9,969 44.8 10,590 47.5 1,714 7.7 22,273 100.0
2011 9,471 44.4 10,215 47.9 1,630 7.6 21,316 100.0
2012 9,679 44.7 10,335 47.7 1,653 7.6 21,667 100.0

Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

58 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 22

Occupants of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Killed or Injured, by Restraint Use,

1975-2012 (Continued)

Restraint Used Restraint Not Used Restraint Use Unknown Total

Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Occupants Injured

1988 1,752,000 57.2 912,000 29.8 399,000 13.0 3,063,000 100.0

1989 1,720,000 58.5 863,000 29.4 359,000 12.2 2,942,000 100.0
1990 1,737,000 60.3 820,000 28.4 325,000 11.3 2,882,000 100.0
1991 1,785,000 63.8 725,000 25.9 287,000 10.3 2,797,000 100.0
1992 1,854,000 66.8 622,000 22.4 300,000 10.8 2,776,000 100.0
1993 1,983,000 69.2 589,000 20.6 294,000 10.2 2,866,000 100.0
1994 2,208,000 73.7 564,000 18.8 223,000 7.4 2,995,000 100.0
1995 2,415,000 75.7 549,000 17.2 227,000 7.1 3,192,000 100.0
1996 2,468,000 76.7 520,000 16.1 231,000 7.2 3,220,000 100.0
1997 2,369,000 76.5 475,000 15.3 251,000 8.1 3,095,000 100.0
1998 2,297,000 77.5 437,000 14.7 230,000 7.8 2,964,000 100.0
1999 2,328,000 78.0 420,000 14.1 237,000 7.9 2,984,000 100.0
2000 2,369,000 80.6 369,000 12.6 200,000 6.8 2,938,000 100.0
2001 2,249,000 80.7 324,000 11.6 214,000 7.7 2,787,000 100.0
2002 2,195,000 81.8 284,000 10.6 205,000 7.7 2,684,000 100.0
2003 2,204,000 83.3 248,000 9.4 193,000 7.3 2,646,000 100.0
2004 2,156,000 84.8 206,000 8.1 181,000 7.1 2,543,000 100.0
2005 2,077,000 84.9 207,000 8.5 161,000 6.6 2,446,000 100.0
2006 1,992,000 85.5 183,000 7.8 156,000 6.7 2,331,000 100.0
2007 1,894,000 85.3 170,000 7.6 157,000 7.1 2,221,000 100.0
2008 1,784,000 86.1 141,000 6.8 147,000 7.1 2,072,000 100.0
2009 1,716,000 86.8 125,000 6.3 135,000 6.8 1,976,000 100.0
2010 1,698,000 85.5 115,000 5.8 173,000 8.7 1,986,000 100.0
2011 1,680,000 85.3 113,000 5.8 175,000 8.9 1,968,000 100.0
2012 1,758,000 84.1 112,000 5.4 221,000 10.6 2,091,000 100.0

Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

59
 Chapter 1 � Trends
Table 23
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by Vehicle Type and Rollover
Occurrence, 1982-2012
Light Trucks

Passenger Cars Pickup Utility Van Total*

Rollover Rollover Rollover Rollover Rollover

Total Total Total Total Total
Year Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent

1982 23,330 5,529 23.7 4,605 1,895 41.2 735 504 68.6 814 285 35.0 29,689 8,298 27.9
1983 22,979 5,434 23.6 4,496 1,903 42.3 769 527 68.5 712 267 37.5 29,181 8,219 28.2
1984 23,620 5,569 23.6 4,686 1,994 42.6 723 496 68.6 764 299 39.1 30,116 8,497 28.2
1985 23,212 5,290 22.8 4,640 1,972 42.5 855 567 66.3 791 314 39.7 29,901 8,284 27.7
1986 24,944 6,015 24.1 5,090 2,301 45.2 927 608 65.6 879 349 39.7 32,261 9,474 29.4
1987 25,132 6,028 24.0 5,502 2,497 45.4 1,050 688 65.5 1,025 384 37.5 33,190 9,801 29.5
1988 25,808 6,248 24.2 5,880 2,713 46.1 1,040 651 62.6 1,001 374 37.4 34,114 10,138 29.7
1989 25,063 5,707 22.8 5,870 2,660 45.3 1,135 722 63.6 1,214 463 38.1 33,614 9,689 28.8
1990 24,092 5,593 23.2 5,979 2,698 45.1 1,214 762 62.8 1,154 451 39.1 32,693 9,619 29.4
1991 22,385 5,328 23.8 5,671 2,543 44.8 1,476 882 59.8 1,143 472 41.3 30,776 9,258 30.1
1992 21,387 4,738 22.2 5,385 2,460 45.7 1,335 834 62.5 1,292 564 43.7 29,485 8,636 29.3
1993 21,566 4,648 21.6 5,538 2,403 43.4 1,521 934 61.4 1,365 541 39.6 30,077 8,561 28.5
1994 21,997 4,870 22.1 5,574 2,409 43.2 1,757 1,063 60.5 1,508 610 40.5 30,901 8,981 29.1
1995 22,423 5,076 22.6 5,938 2,571 43.3 1,935 1,210 62.5 1,639 650 39.7 31,991 9,537 29.8
1996 22,505 4,997 22.2 5,904 2,545 43.1 2,147 1,384 64.5 1,832 681 37.2 32,437 9,624 29.7
1997 22,199 4,765 21.5 5,887 2,479 42.1 2,380 1,489 62.6 1,914 768 40.1 32,448 9,527 29.4
1998 21,194 4,672 22.0 5,921 2,560 43.2 2,713 1,705 62.8 2,042 823 40.3 31,899 9,773 30.6
1999 20,862 4,718 22.6 6,127 2,724 44.5 3,026 1,902 62.9 2,088 784 37.5 32,127 10,140 31.6
2000 20,699 4,548 22.0 6,003 2,558 42.6 3,358 2,064 61.5 2,129 771 36.2 32,225 9,959 30.9
2001 20,320 4,559 22.4 6,139 2,651 43.2 3,530 2,149 60.9 2,019 786 38.9 32,043 10,157 31.7
2002 20,569 4,794 23.3 6,100 2,755 45.2 4,031 2,471 61.3 2,109 699 33.1 32,843 10,729 32.7
2003 19,725 4,464 22.6 5,957 2,580 43.3 4,483 2,661 59.4 2,080 728 35.0 32,271 10,442 32.4
2004 19,192 4,353 22.7 5,838 2,597 44.5 4,760 2,929 61.5 2,046 695 34.0 31,866 10,590 33.2
2005 18,512 4,371 23.6 6,067 2,796 46.1 4,831 2,895 59.9 2,112 794 37.6 31,549 10,870 34.5
2006 17,925 4,376 24.4 5,993 2,844 47.5 4,928 2,899 58.8 1,815 609 33.6 30,686 10,742 35.0
2007 16,614 4,055 24.4 5,847 2,748 47.0 4,834 2,861 59.2 1,764 572 32.4 29,072 10,240 35.2
2008 14,646 3,653 24.9 5,097 2,435 47.8 4,214 2,435 57.8 1,492 514 34.5 25,462 9,043 35.5
2009 13,135 3,230 24.6 4,801 2,295 47.8 4,104 2,303 56.1 1,396 457 32.7 23,447 8,291 35.4
2010 12,491 2,933 23.5 4,486 2,098 46.8 3,942 2,264 57.4 1,346 413 30.7 22,273 7,710 34.6
2011 12,014 2,849 23.7 4,270 1,993 46.7 3,884 2,172 55.9 1,128 375 33.2 21,316 7,400 34.7
2012 12,271 3,009 24.5 4,332 2,004 46.3 3,875 2,157 55.7 1,167 327 28.0 21,667 7,500 34.6

*Total includes occupants of other and unknown light trucks.

60 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 2

CRASHES

 CHAPTER 2 � CRASHES

T his chapter presents statistics about police-reported motor vehicle crashes according to the most severe injury
in the crash: Fatal, Nonfatal Injury (Injury), and Property Damage. The tables and figures are presented in four
groups: Time, Location, Circumstances, and Alcohol. Below are some of the crash statistics you will find in this
section:

O More than 5.6 million police-reported motor vehicle crashes occurred in the United States in 2012.
Twenty-nine percent of those crashes (1.63 million) resulted in an injury, and fewer than 1 percent (30,800)
resulted in a death.

O Midnight to 3 a.m. on Saturdays and Sundays proved to be the deadliest 3-hour periods throughout 2012, with
988 and 1,050 fatal crashes, respectively.

O Sixty-one percent of fatal crashes involved only one vehicle, as compared with 32 percent of injury crashes and
30 percent of property-damage-only crashes.

O Collision with another motor vehicle in transport was the most common first harmful event for fatal, injury, and
property-damage-only crashes. Collisions with fixed objects and noncollisions accounted for only 18 percent of
all crashes, but they accounted for 45 percent of fatal crashes.

O Thirty percent of all fatal crashes involved alcohol-impaired driving, where the highest blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) among drivers involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or higher. For fatal
crashes occurring from midnight to 3 a.m., 62 percent involved alcohol-impaired driving.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

63
 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 24
Crashes and Crash Rates by Month and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total Crashes

Month Number Rate* Number Rate* Number Rate* Number Rate*

January 2,275 1.01 136,000 60 334,000 148 472,000 209
February 2,122 0.97 123,000 57 314,000 144 440,000 202
March 2,484 0.98 136,000 54 303,000 120 441,000 175
April 2,429 0.98 121,000 49 295,000 119 418,000 168
May 2,663 1.02 145,000 56 327,000 126 475,000 183
June 2,776 1.07 137,000 53 311,000 120 452,000 174
July 2,821 1.09 132,000 51 301,000 116 436,000 168
August 2,838 1.08 142,000 54 312,000 118 456,000 173
September 2,709 1.14 139,000 58 324,000 136 466,000 196
October 2,628 1.04 147,000 58 368,000 145 518,000 205
November 2,575 1.07 136,000 57 371,000 155 510,000 213
December 2,480 1.04 140,000 59 388,000 163 531,000 223
Total 30,800 1.04 1,634,000 55 3,950,000 133 5,615,000 189
*Crashes per 100 million vehicle miles traveled.

Sources: Vehicle miles traveled (VMT), Federal Highway Administration, Traffic Volume Trends, December 2013 (monthly)

and Highway Statistics (VM-1) (annual).

64 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 25
Crashes by Time of Day, Day of Week, and Crash Severity
Day of Week

Time of Day Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total
Fatal Crashes
Midnight to 3 am 1,050 313 278 331 380 477 988 3,817
3 am to 6 am 611 290 240 247 299 310 563 2,560
6 am to 9 am 344 448 405 429 444 463 417 2,950
9 am to Noon 391 426 426 425 423 446 445 2,982
Noon to 3 pm 540 532 543 547 554 614 643 3,973
3 pm to 6 pm 701 701 636 735 678 722 791 4,964
6 pm to 9 pm 782 646 661 622 631 794 867 5,003
9 pm to Midnight 545 498 501 535 554 804 873 4,310
Unknown 53 35 23 28 27 30 45 241
Total 5,017 3,889 3,713 3,899 3,990 4,660 5,632 30,800
Injury Crashes
Midnight to 3 am 23,000 9,000 8,000 8,000 9,000 11,000 19,000 87,000
3 am to 6 am 13,000 5,000 5,000 7,000 6,000 7,000 12,000 55,000
6 am to 9 am 10,000 38,000 36,000 33,000 32,000 31,000 14,000 194,000
9 am to Noon 23,000 34,000 34,000 29,000 36,000 39,000 32,000 226,000
Noon to 3 pm 35,000 40,000 41,000 41,000 43,000 49,000 44,000 294,000
3 pm to 6 pm 37,000 59,000 72,000 63,000 57,000 71,000 42,000 401,000
6 pm to 9 pm 29,000 31,000 36,000 35,000 35,000 43,000 33,000 242,000
9 pm to Midnight 17,000 14,000 16,000 19,000 18,000 27,000 24,000 135,000
Total 188,000 229,000 249,000 234,000 236,000 278,000 220,000 1,634,000
Property-Damage-Only Crashes
Midnight to 3 am 40,000 19,000 16,000 17,000 19,000 24,000 39,000 173,000
3 am to 6 am 28,000 15,000 16,000 16,000 14,000 15,000 24,000 128,000
6 am to 9 am 26,000 94,000 102,000 96,000 98,000 85,000 31,000 531,000
9 am to Noon 42,000 80,000 80,000 81,000 77,000 88,000 77,000 526,000
Noon to 3 pm 71,000 104,000 100,000 104,000 103,000 129,000 95,000 707,000
3 pm to 6 pm 74,000 154,000 164,000 153,000 156,000 178,000 92,000 971,000
6 pm to 9 pm 67,000 85,000 79,000 88,000 92,000 111,000 81,000 603,000
9 pm to Midnight 41,000 37,000 38,000 44,000 39,000 60,000 55,000 312,000
Total 389,000 588,000 593,000 600,000 598,000 688,000 495,000 3,950,000
All Crashes
Midnight to 3 am 63,000 28,000 24,000 25,000 28,000 36,000 59,000 264,000
3 am to 6 am 42,000 20,000 21,000 23,000 20,000 22,000 37,000 185,000
6 am to 9 am 36,000 132,000 139,000 129,000 130,000 116,000 45,000 728,000
9 am to Noon 65,000 115,000 114,000 110,000 113,000 127,000 109,000 755,000
Noon to 3 pm 107,000 145,000 142,000 145,000 146,000 178,000 141,000 1,005,000
3 pm to 6 pm 112,000 213,000 236,000 218,000 214,000 250,000 135,000 1,377,000
6 pm to 9 pm 97,000 116,000 115,000 124,000 128,000 154,000 115,000 849,000
9 pm to Midnight 59,000 51,000 54,000 63,000 58,000 87,000 80,000 452,000
Total 582,000 820,000 846,000 838,000 838,000 971,000 720,000 5,615,000

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

65
 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Figure 11
Average Fatal Crashes per Hour, by Time of Day, Weekdays and Weekends

Time of Day Weekdays Weekends

9:00 to 9:59 am
10:00 to 10:59 am
11:00 to 11:59 am
12:00 to 12:59 pm
1:00 to 1:59 pm
2:00 to 2:59 pm
3:00 to 3:59 pm
4:00 to 4:59 pm
5:00 to 5:59 pm
6:00 to 6:59 pm
7:00 to 7:59 pm
8:00 to 8:59 pm
9:00 to 9:59 pm
10:00 to 10:59 pm
11:00 to 11:59 pm
12:00 to 12:59 am
1:00 to 1:59 am
2:00 to 2:59 am
3:00 to 3:59 am
4:00 to 4:59 am
5:00 to 5:59 am
6:00 to 6:59 am
7:00 to 7:59 am
8:00 to 8:59 am

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Average Number of Fatal Crashes per Hour

66 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 26
Crashes by Weather Condition, Light Condition, and Crash Severity
Light Condition
Weather
Condition Daylight Dark, But Lighted Dark Dawn or Dusk Other Total

Fatal Crashes
Normal 13,573 5,020 7,871 1,080 6 27,598
Rain 865 476 598 93 1 2,036
Snow/Sleet 216 53 135 22 1 428
Other 147 64 214 52 1 482
Unknown 74 15 64 7 0 256
Total 14,875 5,628 8,882 1,254 9 *30,800
Injury Crashes
Normal 1,021,000 250,000 123,000 50,000 ** 1,443,000
Rain 89,000 37,000 15,000 8,000 ** 150,000
Snow/Sleet 17,000 5,000 7,000 2,000 ** 32,000
Other 3,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 ** 9,000
Total 1,131,000 294,000 148,000 61,000 ** 1,634,000

Property-Damage-Only Crashes
Normal 2,426,000 541,000 340,000 116,000 ** 3,424,000
Rain 227,000 89,000 42,000 20,000 ** 378,000
Snow/Sleet 67,000 20,000 28,000 8,000 ** 123,000
Other 11,000 4,000 6,000 4,000 ** 25,000
Total 2,731,000 655,000 417,000 147,000 ** 3,950,000
All Crashes
Normal 3,460,000 796,000 471,000 167,000 ** 4,895,000
Rain 317,000 127,000 58,000 28,000 ** 529,000
Snow/Sleet 85,000 25,000 36,000 10,000 ** 155,000
Other/Unknown 15,000 6,000 8,000 6,000 ** 35,000
Total 3,876,000 955,000 574,000 210,000 ** 5,615,000
*Includes 152 fatal crashes for which light conditions were unknown.
**Less than 500.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

67
 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 27
Fatal Crashes by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Response Times
Within Designated Minutes and by Land Use
Time of Crash EMS Notification EMS Arrival at Scene Time of Crash
Response to EMS Notification to EMS Arrival to Hospital Arrival to Hospital Arrival
Time
(Minutes) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Rural Fatal Crashes

0 to 10 6,105 84.6 4,121 51.8 93 2.3 22 0.6
11 to 20 687 9.5 2,728 34.3 504 12.4 118 3.0
21 to 30 205 2.8 731 9.2 956 23.5 378 9.6
31 to 40 79 1.1 222 2.8 889 21.9 637 16.2
41 to 50 38 0.5 87 1.1 655 16.1 658 16.8
51 to 60 31 0.4 22 0.3 448 11.0 647 16.5
61 to 120 69 1.0 42 0.5 522 12.8 1,465 37.3
Total* 7,214 100.0 7,953 100.0 4,067 100.0 3,925 100.0

Urban Fatal Crashes

0 to 10 5,664 93.5 4,991 82.9 214 5.5 42 1.1
11 to 20 248 4.1 822 13.7 1,151 29.3 434 11.1
21 to 30 63 1.0 140 2.3 1,228 31.3 1,098 28.0
31 to 40 36 0.6 44 0.7 735 18.7 927 23.7
41 to 50 14 0.2 11 0.2 319 8.1 653 16.7
51 to 60 11 0.2 0 0.0 145 3.7 344 8.8
61 to 120 21 0.3 11 0.2 131 3.3 420 10.7
Total* 6,057 100.0 6,019 100.0 3,923 100.0 3,918 100.0
*Includes crashes for which both times were known.

68 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 28
Crashes by Crash Type, Relation to Roadway, and Crash Severity
Relation to Roadway

Crash Type On Roadway Off Roadway Shoulder Median Other/Unknown Total

Fatal Crashes
Single Vehicle 5,890 10,972 474 1,071 298 18,705

Multiple Vehicle 11,515 284 115 156 25 12,095

Total 17,405 11,256 589 1,227 323 30,800

Injury Crashes
Single Vehicle 162,000 278,000 7,000 42,000 37,000 525,000
Multiple Vehicle 1,097,000 5,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 1,109,000
Total 1,259,000 283,000 8,000 46,000 39,000 1,634,000
Property-Damage-Only Crashes
Single Vehicle 323,000 541,000 8,000 80,000 249,000 1,202,000
Multiple Vehicle 2,729,000 9,000 2,000 5,000 3,000 2,748,000
Total 3,052,000 550,000 10,000 85,000 253,000 3,950,000

All Crashes
Single Vehicle 491,000 829,000 15,000 123,000 287,000 1,745,000
Multiple Vehicle 3,837,000 15,000 3,000 9,000 5,000 3,869,000
Total 4,328,000 844,000 18,000 132,000 292,000 5,615,000

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

69
 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 29
Crashes by First Harmful Event, Manner of Collision, and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

First Harmful Event Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Collision with Motor
Vehicle in Transport:
Angle 5,359 17.4 416,000 25.5 774,000 19.6 1,195,000 21.3
Rear End 1,827 5.9 518,000 31.7 1,327,000 33.6 1,847,000 32.9
Sideswipe 797 2.6 90,000 5.5 482,000 12.2 573,000 10.2
Head On 2,895 9.4 61,000 3.7 60,000 1.5 123,000 2.2
Other/Unknown 128 0.4 8,000 0.5 71,000 1.8 80,000 1.4
Subtotal 11,006 35.7 1,093,000 66.9 2,713,000 68.7 3,817,000 68.0

Collision with
Fixed Object:
Pole/Post 1,471 4.8 49,000 3.0 127,000 3.2 178,000 3.2
Culvert/Curb/Ditch 2,392 7.8 62,000 3.8 113,000 2.9 178,000 3.2
Shrubbery/Tree 2,561 8.3 46,000 2.8 61,000 1.6 110,000 2.0
Guard Rail 872 2.8 28,000 1.7 72,000 1.8 101,000 1.8
Embankment 1,105 3.6 20,000 1.2 25,000 0.6 47,000 0.8
Bridge 204 0.7 4,000 0.3 11,000 0.3 16,000 0.3
Other/Unknown 1,742 5.7 68,000 4.2 168,000 4.2 238,000 4.2
Subtotal 10,347 33.6 279,000 17.1 578,000 14.6 867,000 15.4

Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Parked Motor Vehicle 313 1.0 40,000 2.4 278,000 7.0 318,000 5.7
Animal 171 0.6 13,000 0.8 258,000 6.5 271,000 4.8
Pedestrian 4,383 14.2 69,000 4.2 2,000 * 76,000 1.3
Pedalcyclist 719 2.3 49,000 3.0 6,000 0.2 56,000 1.0
Train 111 0.4 * * 1,000 * 1,000 *
Other/Unknown 354 1.1 12,000 0.7 60,000 1.5 72,000 1.3
Subtotal 6,051 19.6 183,000 11.2 604,000 15.3 794,000 14.1

Noncollision:
Rollover 3,009 9.8 73,000 4.4 37,000 0.9 112,000 2.0
Other/Unknown 363 1.2 6,000 0.4 18,000 0.5 24,000 0.4
Subtotal 3,372 10.9 78,000 4.8 55,000 1.4 137,000 2.4

Total **30,800 100.0 1,634,000 100.0 3,950,000 100.0 5,615,000 100.0

*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

**Includes 24 fatal crashes with unknown first harmful event.

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 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 30
Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity
Vehicle Type

Vehicle Type Passenger Car Light Truck Large Truck Motorcycle Bus Other/Unknown

Fatal Crashes
(Total = 10,150)
Passenger Car . . . . 1,434 2,939 1,002 949 51 97
Light Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085 865 1,083 44 98
Large Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 200 6 20
Motorcycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 21 64
Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
Other/Unknown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Injury Crashes
(Total = 937,000)
Passenger Car . . . . 317,000 381,000 32,000 23,000 5,000 2,000
Light Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,000 17,000 14,000 3,000 1,000
Large Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000 1,000 * *
Motorcycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 * *

Property-Damage-Only Crashes
(Total = 2,568,000)
Passenger Car . . . . 812,000 1,121,000 95,000 7,000 18,000 2,000
Light Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409,000 71,000 5,000 14,000 2,000
Large Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 * 1,000 1,000
Motorcycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 * *
*Less than 500.

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71
 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Table 31
Fatal Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving, by Time of Day and Crash Type
Crash Type

Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total

Percent Percent Percent

Alcohol- Alcohol- Alcohol- Alcohol- Alcohol- Alcohol-
Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired
Time of Day Number Driving* Driving* Number Driving* Driving* Number Driving* Driving*
Midnight to 3 am 2,961 1,829 62 856 551 64 3,817 2,379 62
3 am to 6 am 1,869 936 50 691 308 45 2,560 1,244 49
6 am to 9 am 1,592 281 18 1,358 163 12 2,950 444 15
9 am to Noon 1,483 158 11 1,499 98 7 2,982 256 9
Noon to 3 pm 1,930 269 14 2,043 209 10 3,973 479 12
3 pm to 6 pm 2,471 620 25 2,493 411 16 4,964 1,030 21
6 pm to 9 pm 3,168 1,000 32 1,835 561 31 5,003 1,560 31
9 pm to Midnight 3,005 1,257 42 1,305 594 46 4,310 1,852 43
Unknown 226 113 50 15 7 47 241 120 50
Total 18,705 6,462 35 12,095 2,902 24 30,800 9,364 30
*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or
greater.

72 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 2 � Crashes
Figure 12
Percent of Fatal Crashes Involving Alcohol-Impaired Driving, by Time of Day
and Crash Type

Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving*

100
Crash Type:
Multiple Vehicle Single Vehicle

80

60

40

20

0
9 am Noon 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm Midnight 3 am 6 am
to Noon to 3 pm to 6 pm to 9 pm to Midnight to 3 am to 6 am to 9 am

Time of Day

*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or
greater.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

73
 Chapter 3

VEHICLES

 CHAPTER 3 � VEHICLES

S tatistics about the vehicles involved in police-reported motor vehicle crashes are presented in this chapter,
according to six major vehicle types: Passenger Cars, Light Trucks (including pickups, vans, and utility vehicles
with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less), Large Trucks (including single-unit trucks and truck
tractors with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 10,000 pounds), Motorcycles (including motorcycles,
mopeds, and motorscooters), Buses (including school buses and transit buses), and Other Vehicles (including
all-terrain vehicles, farm and construction equipment, and motorhomes). The tables and figures are presented for
all vehicle types first, then by individual vehicle type. Below are some of the vehicle statistics you will find in this
section:

O More than 94 percent of the 9.9 million vehicles involved in motor vehicle crashes in 2012 were passenger cars or
light trucks.

O Large trucks accounted for 8 percent of the vehicles in fatal crashes, but only 3 percent of the vehicles involved in
injury crashes and 4 percent of the vehicles involved in property-damage-only crashes. Of the 3,802 large trucks
involved in fatal crashes, 72 percent were combination trucks.

O The proportion of vehicles that rolled over in fatal crashes (20.3 percent) was more than 4 times as high as
the proportion in injury crashes (4.5 percent) and more than 18 times as high as the proportion in property­
damage-only crashes (1.1 percent).

O Compared with passenger cars, pickup trucks, vans, large trucks, and buses, utility vehicles experienced the
highest rollover rate in fatal crashes (30.6 percent). Large trucks experienced the highest rollover rate in injury
crashes (8.0 percent). Large trucks also experienced the highest rollover rate in property-damage-only crashes
(1.9 percent).

O Fires occurred in 0.1 percent of the vehicles involved in all traffic crashes in 2012. For fatal crashes, however,
fires occurred in 3.3 percent of the vehicles involved.

O Regardless of crash severity, the majority of vehicles in single- and two-vehicle crashes were going straight prior
to the crash. The next most common vehicle maneuver differed by crash severity: negotiating a curve for fatal
crashes, turning left for injury crashes, and stopped in traffic lane for property-damage-only crashes.

O Motorcycles in fatal crashes had the highest proportion of collisions with fixed objects (24.4 percent), and buses
in fatal crashes had the lowest proportion (1.6 percent).

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77
 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 32
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Relation to Junction, Traffic Control Device,
and Crash Severity
Traffic Control Device
Relation to
Junction None Traffic Signal Stop Sign Other/Unknown Total

Fatal Crashes
Nonjunction 27,219 39 15 1,658 28,931
Junction:
Intersection 3,943 3,377 2,016 263 9,599
Intersection Related 1,337 1,083 326 104 2,850
Other/Unknown 3,704 103 77 373 4,257
Total 36,203 4,602 2,434 2,398 45,637

Injury Crashes
Nonjunction 1,063,000 4,000 1,000 67,000 1,136,000
Junction:
Intersection 224,000 422,000 146,000 33,000 825,000
Intersection Related 163,000 418,000 48,000 50,000 680,000
Other/Unknown 275,000 11,000 9,000 21,000 315,000
Total 1,726,000 855,000 203,000 171,000 2,955,000

Property-Damage-Only Crashes
Nonjunction 2,648,000 9,000 2,000 182,000 2,842,000
Junction:
Intersection 419,000 574,000 268,000 64,000 1,325,000
Intersection Related 400,000 1,080,000 182,000 209,000 1,871,000
Other/Unknown 731,000 47,000 25,000 61,000 864,000
Total 4,198,000 1,710,000 478,000 516,000 6,902,000

All Crashes
Nonjunction 3,739,000 13,000 3,000 251,000 4,006,000
Junction:
Intersection 647,000 999,000 416,000 97,000 2,160,000
Intersection Related 564,000 1,499,000 230,000 260,000 2,553,000
Other/Unknown 1,010,000 58,000 34,000 82,000 1,183,000
Total 5,960,000 2,570,000 683,000 689,000 9,902,000

78 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 33
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Speed Limit, Crash Type, and Crash Severity
Crash Type
Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total

Speed Limit Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Fatal Crashes
30 mph or less 2,529 13.5 1,885 7.0 4,414 9.7
35 or 40 mph 3,648 19.5 4,171 15.5 7,819 17.1
45 or 50 mph 3,512 18.8 5,745 21.3 9,257 20.3
55 mph 4,955 26.5 7,918 29.4 12,873 28.2
60 mph or higher 3,307 17.7 6,032 22.4 9,339 20.5
No Statutory Limit 93 0.5 182 0.7 275 0.6
Unknown 661 3.5 999 3.7 1,660 3.6
Total 18,705 100.0 26,932 100.0 45,637 100.0
Injury Crashes
30 mph or less 118,000 22.6 346,000 14.2 464,000 15.7
35 or 40 mph 100,000 19.1 739,000 30.4 839,000 28.4
45 or 50 mph 70,000 13.3 523,000 21.5 593,000 20.1
55 mph 87,000 16.5 233,000 9.6 320,000 10.8
60 mph or higher 66,000 12.5 221,000 9.1 287,000 9.7
No Statutory Limit 8,000 1.6 50,000 2.0 58,000 2.0
Unknown 76,000 14.4 319,000 13.1 394,000 13.3
Total 525,000 100.0 2,430,000 100.0 2,955,000 100.0
Property-Damage-Only Crashes
30 mph or less 280,000 23.3 944,000 16.6 1,224,000 17.7
35 or 40 mph 154,000 12.8 1,574,000 27.6 1,728,000 25.0
45 or 50 mph 126,000 10.5 1,265,000 22.2 1,391,000 20.2
55 mph 232,000 19.3 405,000 7.1 637,000 9.2
60 mph or higher 158,000 13.1 507,000 8.9 665,000 9.6
No Statutory Limit 35,000 2.9 164,000 2.9 199,000 2.9
Unknown 217,000 18.1 841,000 14.8 1,059,000 15.3
Total 1,202,000 100.0 5,700,000 100.0 6,902,000 100.0
All Crashes
30 mph or less 401,000 23.0 1,292,000 15.8 1,692,000 17.1
35 or 40 mph 257,000 14.7 2,318,000 28.4 2,575,000 26.0
45 or 50 mph 199,000 11.4 1,793,000 22.0 1,993,000 20.1
55 mph 324,000 18.6 645,000 7.9 969,000 9.8
60 mph or higher 227,000 13.0 734,000 9.0 961,000 9.7
No Statutory Limit 44,000 2.5 214,000 2.6 258,000 2.6
Unknown 293,000 16.8 1,161,000 14.2 1,454,000 14.7
Total 1,745,000 100.0 8,157,000 100.0 9,902,000 100.0

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 34
Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Speed Limit and Land Use
Land Use

Rural Urban Unknown Total

Speed Limit Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
30 mph or less 1,034 23.4 3,357 76.1 23 0.5 4,414 100.0
35 or 40 mph 2,276 29.1 5,520 70.6 23 0.3 7,819 100.0
45 or 50 mph 3,886 42.0 5,349 57.8 22 0.2 9,257 100.0
55 mph 9,897 76.9 2,944 22.9 32 0.2 12,873 100.0
60 mph or higher 5,925 63.4 3,412 36.5 2 0.0 9,339 100.0
No Statutory Limit 108 39.3 165 60.0 2 0.7 275 100.0
Unknown 654 39.4 995 59.9 11 0.7 1,660 100.0
Total 23,780 52.1 21,742 47.6 115 0.3 45,637 100.0

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 35
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Number of Lanes, Trafficway Flow, and Crash Severity
Trafficway Flow

Number of Entrance/Exit
Lanes Not Divided Divided One-Way Ramps Unknown Total

Fatal Crashes
One Lane 25 126 112 411 5 679
Two Lanes 24,734 7,670 192 192 7 32,795
Three Lanes 565 3,148 139 11 0 3,863
Four Lanes 4,043 2,404 36 7 5 6,495
More Than Four 618 768 3 0 1 1,390
Unknown 29 37 4 9 117 196
Total* 30,014 14,153 486 630 135 45,637
Injury Crashes
One Lane 4,000 16,000 11,000 30,000 6,000 67,000
Two Lanes 751,000 388,000 27,000 15,000 94,000 1,275,000
Three Lanes 55,000 240,000 23,000 5,000 21,000 344,000
Four Lanes 331,000 118,000 10,000 ** 20,000 479,000
More Than Four 60,000 71,000 2,000 ** 3,000 136,000
Unknown 126,000 45,000 9,000 9,000 410,000 598,000
Total* 1,327,000 876,000 82,000 59,000 555,000 2,955,000

Property-Damage-Only Crashes
One Lane 14,000 31,000 37,000 70,000 4,000 156,000
Two Lanes 1,731,000 817,000 73,000 42,000 167,000 2,830,000
Three Lanes 122,000 485,000 50,000 15,000 38,000 711,000
Four Lanes 783,000 224,000 21,000 2,000 27,000 1,056,000
More Than Four 163,000 133,000 4,000 1,000 9,000 309,000
Unknown 341,000 123,000 26,000 40,000 1,114,000 1,643,000
Total* 3,153,000 1,814,000 211,000 169,000 1,360,000 6,902,000
All Crashes
One Lane 18,000 47,000 48,000 100,000 11,000 223,000
Two Lanes 2,506,000 1,213,000 100,000 57,000 262,000 4,138,000
Three Lanes 178,000 728,000 73,000 20,000 59,000 1,059,000
Four Lanes 1,117,000 345,000 31,000 2,000 47,000 1,542,000
More Than Four 224,000 204,000 6,000 1,000 12,000 447,000
Unknown 467,000 168,000 35,000 48,000 1,524,000 2,242,000
Total* 4,510,000 2,705,000 293,000 229,000 1,915,000 9,902,000
*Totals include vehicles in non-trafficway areas.
**Less than 500.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

81
 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 36
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Passenger Car 18,092 39.6 1,683,000 57.0 3,875,000 56.1 5,577,000 56.3
Light Truck 17,254 37.8 1,087,000 36.8 2,706,000 39.2 3,810,000 38.5
Large Truck 3,802 8.3 77,000 2.6 253,000 3.7 333,000 3.4
Motorcycle 5,080 11.1 89,000 3.0 18,000 0.3 112,000 1.1
Bus 251 0.5 12,000 0.4 42,000 0.6 55,000 0.6
Other 507 1.1 7,000 0.2 8,000 0.1 15,000 0.1
Total *45,637 100.0 2,955,000 100.0 6,902,000 100.0 9,902,000 100.0
*Includes 651 vehicles of unknown type involved in fatal crashes.

Figure 13
Proportion of Vehicles Involved in Traffic Crashes
Motorcycle
1.1%

Light Truck
38.5%

Bus
0.6%

Large Truck
3.4%
Other
0.1% Passenger Car
56.3%

82 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

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Table 37
Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Body Type
Body Type Number Percent Body Type Number Percent
Passenger Cars 18,092 39.6 Large Trucks 3,802 8.3
Convertible 363 0.8 Step Van 15 *
2 Door Sedan, Hardtop, Coupe 2,543 5.6 Single Unit Truck
3 Door/2 Door Hatchback 635 1.4 (10,000 lb < GVWR � 19,500 lb) 273 0.6
4 Door Sedan Hardtop 12,931 28.3 Single Unit Truck
(19,500 lb < GVWR � 26,000 lb) 210 0.5
5 Door/4 Door Hatchback 338 0.7
Single Unit Heavy Truck
Station Wagon 1,141 2.5 (GVWR > 26,000 lb) 598 1.3
Hatchback, Doors Unknown 2 * Single Unit Truck, Unknown GVWR 13 *
Other Auto 20 * Truck Tractor 2,502 5.5
Unknown Auto 96 0.2 Medium/Heavy Pickup
Auto-Based Pickup 15 * (Ford Super Duty 450/550) 173 0.4
Auto-Based Panel Truck 1 * Unknown Medium Truck
3-Door Coupe 7 * (10,000 lb < GVWR � 26,000 lb) 2 *
Light Trucks 17,254 37.8 Unknown Heavy Truck
(GVWR > 26,000 lb) 5 *
Compact Utility 5,184 11.4
Unknown Large Truck Type 11 *
Large Utility 1,556 3.4
Motorcycles 5,080 11.1
Utility Station Wagon 330 0.7
Motorcycle 4,746 10.4
Utility, Unknown Body Type 1 *
Moped 156 0.3
Minivan 1,605 3.5
Three Wheel Motorcycle or Moped 17 *
Large Van 535 1.2
Off-Road Motorcycle (Two Wheel) 46 0.1
Step Van 10 *
Other Motorcycle/Minibike 88 0.2
Other Van Type 9 *
Unknown Motorcycle 27 0.1
Unknown Van Type 6 *
Buses 251 0.5
Compact Pickup 2,113 4.6
School Bus 101 0.2
Standard Pickup 5,804 12.7
Cross Country/Intercity Bus 34 0.1
Pickup with Camper 29 0.1
Transit Bus 77 0.2
Convertible Pickup 1 *
Van-Based Bus
Unknown Pickup Style Truck 14 * (GVWR > 10,000 lb) 30 0.1
Cab Chassis-Based Light Truck 32 0.1 Other Bus 7 *
Other Conventional Light Truck 2 * Unknown Bus 2 *
Unknown Light Truck Type (Not Pickup) 2 * Other Vehicles 507 1.1
Unknown Light Vehicle Type 20 * Large Limousine 1 *
Unknown Truck 1 * Three Wheel Auto or Auto Derivative 1 *
Light Truck-Based Motorhome 1 *
Medium/Heavy Truck-Based Motorhome 17 *
Unknown Truck Camper/Motorhome 12 *
All Terrain Vehicle 311 0.7
Snowmobile 16 *
Farm Equipment Except Trucks 88 0.2
Construction Equipment Except Trucks 10 *
Motorized Wheelchair 2 *
Golf Cart 10 *
Other Vehicle 38 0.1
Unknown Body Type 651 1.4
Total 45,637 100.0
*Less than 0.05 percent.

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83
 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 38
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type, Rollover Occurrence, and Crash Severity
Rollover Occurrence

Yes No Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Fatal Crashes
Passenger Car 2,808 15.5 15,284 84.5 18,092 100.0
Light Truck
Pickup 2,109 26.5 5,852 73.5 7,961 100.0
Utility 2,164 30.6 4,907 69.4 7,071 100.0
Van 317 14.6 1,848 85.4 2,165 100.0
Other 4 7.0 53 93.0 57 100.0
Large Truck 567 14.9 3,235 85.1 3,802 100.0
Bus 11 4.4 240 95.6 251 100.0
Other/Unknown 244 21.1 914 78.9 1,158 100.0
Total* 8,224 20.3 32,333 79.7 40,557 100.0

Injury Crashes
Passenger Car 53,000 3.2 1,630,000 96.8 1,683,000 100.0
Light Truck
Pickup 25,000 6.5 355,000 93.5 379,000 100.0
Utility 38,000 7.2 489,000 92.8 527,000 100.0
Van 6,000 3.2 172,000 96.8 178,000 100.0
Other ** 8.7 2,000 91.3 3,000 100.0
Large Truck 6,000 8.0 70,000 92.0 77,000 100.0
Bus ** ** 12,000 100.0 12,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 31.6 5,000 68.4 7,000 100.0
Total* 130,000 4.5 2,736,000 95.5 2,866,000 100.0
Property-Damage-Only Crashes
Passenger Car 29,000 0.8 3,846,000 99.2 3,875,000 100.0
Light Truck
Pickup 18,000 1.7 1,012,000 98.3 1,030,000 100.0
Utility 20,000 1.5 1,251,000 98.5 1,271,000 100.0
Van 3,000 0.7 392,000 99.3 395,000 100.0
Other ** 1.9 10,000 98.1 10,000 100.0
Large Truck 6,000 2.6 246,000 97.4 253,000 100.0
Bus ** 0.5 42,000 99.5 42,000 100.0
Other/Unknown ** ** 8,000 100.0 8,000 100.0
Total* 77,000 1.1 6,807,000 98.9 6,884,000 100.0
All Crashes
Passenger Car 85,000 1.5 5,491,000 98.5 5,577,000 100.0
Light Truck
Pickup 45,000 3.1 1,373,000 96.9 1,418,000 100.0
Utility 60,000 3.3 1,745,000 96.7 1,805,000 100.0
Van 9,000 1.5 566,000 98.5 575,000 100.0
Other ** 3.3 12,000 96.7 12,000 100.0
Large Truck 13,000 4.0 320,000 96.0 333,000 100.0
Bus ** 0.4 55,000 99.6 55,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 15.3 13,000 84.7 15,000 100.0
Total* 215,000 2.2 9,576,000 97.8 9,790,000 100.0
*Excludes motorcycles.
**Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

84 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Figure 14
Percent Rollover Occurrence, by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity

Percent Rollover Occurrence

40
Crash Severity:
Fatal Injury Property Damage Only

30

20

10

0
Passenger Car Light Truck: Light Truck: Light Truck: Large Truck
Pickup Utility Van

Vehicle Type

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

85
 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 39
Vehicles Involved in Crashes by Vehicle Type, Fire Occurrence, and Crash Severity
Fire Occurrence

Yes No Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Fatal Crashes
Passenger Car 573 3.2 17,519 96.8 18,092 100.0
Light Truck 550 3.2 16,704 96.8 17,254 100.0
Large Truck 285 7.5 3,517 92.5 3,802 100.0
Motorcycle 94 1.9 4,986 98.1 5,080 100.0
Bus 4 1.6 247 98.4 251 100.0
Other/Unknown 9 0.8 1,149 99.2 1,158 100.0
Total 1,515 3.3 44,122 96.7 45,637 100.0
Injury Crashes
Passenger Car 1,000 0.1 1,682,000 99.9 1,683,000 100.0
Light Truck 1,000 0.1 1,086,000 99.9 1,087,000 100.0
Large Truck * 0.3 76,000 99.7 77,000 100.0
Motorcycle * 0.1 89,000 99.9 89,000 100.0
Bus * * 12,000 100.0 12,000 100.0
Other/Unknown * * 7,000 100.0 7,000 100.0
Total 3,000 0.1 2,953,000 99.9 2,955,000 100.0
Property-Damage-Only Crashes
Passenger Car 3,000 0.1 3,872,000 99.9 3,875,000 100.0
Light Truck 2,000 0.1 2,704,000 99.9 2,706,000 100.0
Large Truck * 0.1 252,000 99.9 253,000 100.0
Motorcycle * * 18,000 100.0 18,000 100.0
Bus * * 42,000 100.0 42,000 100.0
Other/Unknown * * 8,000 100.0 8,000 100.0
Total 6,000 0.1 6,896,000 99.9 6,902,000 100.0
All Crashes
Passenger Car 5,000 0.1 5,572,000 99.9 5,577,000 100.0
Light Truck 4,000 0.1 3,806,000 99.9 3,810,000 100.0
Large Truck 1,000 0.3 332,000 99.7 333,000 100.0
Motorcycle * 0.2 112,000 99.8 112,000 100.0
Bus * * 55,000 100.0 55,000 100.0
Other/Unknown * 0.1 15,000 99.9 15,000 100.0
Total 10,000 0.1 9,893,000 99.9 9,902,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 40
Vehicles Involved in Single- and Two-Vehicle Crashes by Vehicle Maneuver and
Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Vehicle Maneuver Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Going Straight 24,363 62.8 1,328,000 55.5 3,149,000 49.8 4,502,000 51.4
Turning Left 2,520 6.5 280,000 11.7 594,000 9.4 877,000 10.0
Stopped in Traffic Lane 494 1.3 245,000 10.2 839,000 13.3 1,084,000 12.4
Turning Right 327 0.8 72,000 3.0 260,000 4.1 332,000 3.8
Slowed in Traffic Lane 289 0.7 125,000 5.2 370,000 5.9 495,000 5.7
Merging/Changing Lanes 592 1.5 61,000 2.5 286,000 4.5 347,000 4.0
Negotiating Curve 8,386 21.6 153,000 6.4 296,000 4.7 457,000 5.2
Backing Up 120 0.3 12,000 0.5 149,000 2.4 161,000 1.8
Passing Other Vehicle 672 1.7 19,000 0.8 72,000 1.1 91,000 1.0
Starting in Traffic Lane 242 0.6 58,000 2.4 171,000 2.7 230,000 2.6
Leaving Parking Space 33 0.1 7,000 0.3 39,000 0.6 46,000 0.5
Making U-Turn 157 0.4 12,000 0.5 34,000 0.5 46,000 0.5
Entering Parking Space 3 * 4,000 0.1 25,000 0.4 28,000 0.3
Disabled in Traffic Lane 31 0.1 1,000 0.1 2,000 * 3,000 *
Other Maneuver 305 0.8 17,000 0.7 37,000 0.6 55,000 0.6
Total **38,820 100.0 2,394,000 100.0 6,323,000 100.0 8,756,000 100.0
*Less than 0.05 percent.

**Includes 286 vehicles involved in fatal crashes with unknown vehicle maneuver.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 41
Vehicles Involved in Fatal Crashes by Roadway Function Class, Crash Type,
and Hazardous Cargo
Crash Type

Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total

Roadway Function Hazardous Hazardous Hazardous

Class Cargo Total Cargo Total Cargo Total

Rural Fatal Crashes

Principal Arterial
Interstate 9 988 8 1,461 17 2,449
Other 7 1,583 30 4,248 37 5,831
Minor Arterial 4 1,634 18 3,263 22 4,897
Major Collector 8 2,577 11 2,750 19 5,327
Minor Collector 1 680 1 411 2 1,091
Local Road or Street 0 2,647 4 1,312 4 3,959
Unknown Rural 1 144 0 82 1 226
Total 30 10,253 72 13,527 102 23,780
Urban Fatal Crashes
Principal Arterial
Interstate 4 1,128 6 2,083 10 3,211
Freeway/Expressway 2 604 4 1,081 6 1,685
Other 2 2,141 17 4,698 19 6,839
Minor Arterial 2 1,601 5 2,714 7 4,315
Collector 0 730 1 961 1 1,691
Local Road or Street 0 2,148 0 1,798 0 3,946
Unknown Urban 0 24 0 31 0 55
Total 10 8,376 33 13,366 43 21,742
All Fatal Crashes
Principal Arterial
Interstate 13 2,116 14 3,544 27 5,660
Freeway/Expressway 2 604 4 1,081 6 1,685
Other 9 3,724 47 8,946 56 12,670
Minor Arterial 6 3,235 23 5,977 29 9,212
Collector 9 3,987 13 4,122 22 8,109
Local Road or Street 0 4,795 4 3,110 4 7,905
Unknown Rural 1 144 0 82 1 226
Unknown Urban 0 24 0 31 0 55
Unknown Rural or Urban 0 76 0 39 0 115
Total 40 18,705 105 26,932 145 45,637

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Figure 15
Percent of Vehicles in Crashes, by Most Harmful Event and Vehicle Type

Percent of Vehicles
100
Vehicle Type:
Passenger Car Light Truck Large Truck Motorcycle
90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Collision with Collision with Collision with Noncollision
Vehicle in Transport Fixed Object Object Not Fixed
Most Harmful Event

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Figure 16
Percent of Vehicles in Crashes, by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Type, and Vehicle Type

Vehicle Type:
Passenger Car Light Truck Large Truck Motorcycle
Percent of Vehicles
70

Single Vehicle
60

50

40

30

20

10

70
Multiple Vehicle

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Front Side Rear

Initial Point of Impact

Note: Excludes other or unknown point of impact and noncollisions.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 42
Passenger Cars Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Most Harmful
Event Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Transport by Initial
Point of Impact:
Front 5,558 30.7 706,000 41.9 1,529,000 39.5 2,241,000 40.2
Left Side 1,601 8.8 139,000 8.3 371,000 9.6 511,000 9.2
Right Side 1,341 7.4 124,000 7.4 346,000 8.9 471,000 8.5
Rear 1,046 5.8 416,000 24.7 915,000 23.6 1,333,000 23.9
Other/Unknown 122 0.7 * * 1,000 * 1,000 *
Subtotal 9,668 53.4 1,386,000 82.3 3,162,000 81.6 4,557,000 81.7
Collision with
Fixed Object 3,366 18.6 147,000 8.8 340,000 8.8 491,000 8.8
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonoccupant 2,506 13.9 73,000 4.3 7,000 0.2 83,000 1.5
Other 467 2.6 33,000 2.0 336,000 8.7 370,000 6.6
Subtotal 2,973 16.4 107,000 6.3 343,000 8.8 452,000 8.1
Noncollision 2,077 11.5 44,000 2.6 31,000 0.8 77,000 1.4
Total **18,092 100.0 1,683,000 100.0 3,875,000 100.0 5,577,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

**Includes 8 passenger cars involved in fatal crashes with unknown most harmful event.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 43
Passenger Cars Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and
Crash Type
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Initial Point
of Impact Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Single-Vehicle Crashes
Front 4,771 64.5 200,000 71.5 456,000 66.5 661,000 67.9
Left Side 627 8.5 19,000 6.7 58,000 8.4 77,000 7.9
Right Side 570 7.7 29,000 10.3 80,000 11.7 110,000 11.3
Rear 163 2.2 9,000 3.2 48,000 7.0 57,000 5.9
Noncollision 626 8.5 16,000 5.8 16,000 2.3 33,000 3.3
Other/Unknown 645 8.7 7,000 2.5 29,000 4.2 36,000 3.7
Total 7,402 100.0 280,000 100.0 686,000 100.0 973,000 100.0

Multiple-Vehicle Crashes
Front 6,092 57.0 714,000 50.9 1,545,000 48.4 2,265,000 49.2
Left Side 1,707 16.0 143,000 10.2 374,000 11.7 518,000 11.3
Right Side 1,438 13.5 126,000 9.0 348,000 10.9 475,000 10.3
Rear 1,134 10.6 419,000 29.8 917,000 28.8 1,337,000 29.0
Noncollision 20 0.2 * * * * * *
Other/Unknown 299 2.8 1,000 0.1 5,000 0.2 7,000 0.1
Total 10,690 100.0 1,404,000 100.0 3,189,000 100.0 4,604,000 100.0

All Crashes
Front 10,863 60.0 914,000 54.3 2,001,000 51.6 2,926,000 52.5
Left Side 2,334 12.9 162,000 9.6 431,000 11.1 595,000 10.7
Right Side 2,008 11.1 155,000 9.2 428,000 11.0 585,000 10.5
Rear 1,297 7.2 428,000 25.4 965,000 24.9 1,394,000 25.0
Noncollision 646 3.6 16,000 1.0 16,000 0.4 33,000 0.6
Other/Unknown 944 5.2 8,000 0.5 34,000 0.9 43,000 0.8
Total 18,092 100.0 1,683,000 100.0 3,875,000 100.0 5,577,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 44
Light Trucks Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Most Harmful
Event Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Transport by Initial
Point of Impact:
Front 5,999 34.8 466,000 42.9 1,024,000 37.8 1,496,000 39.3
Left Side 920 5.3 77,000 7.1 241,000 8.9 319,000 8.4
Right Side 682 4.0 74,000 6.9 244,000 9.0 319,000 8.4
Rear 853 4.9 268,000 24.7 723,000 26.7 992,000 26.0
Other/Unknown 93 0.5 * * * * 1,000 *
Subtotal 8,547 49.5 886,000 81.5 2,232,000 82.5 3,126,000 82.1
Collision with
Fixed Object 2,455 14.2 81,000 7.5 185,000 6.8 269,000 7.1
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonmotorist 2,359 13.7 45,000 4.1 2,000 0.1 49,000 1.3
Other 350 2.0 24,000 2.2 247,000 9.1 271,000 7.1
Subtotal 2,709 15.7 68,000 6.3 249,000 9.2 320,000 8.4
Noncollision 3,537 20.5 51,000 4.7 40,000 1.5 95,000 2.5
Total **17,254 100.0 1,087,000 100.0 2,706,000 100.0 3,810,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

**Includes 6 light trucks involved in fatal crashes with unknown first harmful event.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 45
Light Trucks Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity,
and Crash Type
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Initial Point
of Impact Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Single-Vehicle Crashes
Front 4,493 59.2 121,000 65.4 268,000 59.6 393,000 61.3
Left Side 438 5.8 11,000 6.0 42,000 9.4 54,000 8.4
Right Side 422 5.6 21,000 11.1 56,000 12.5 77,000 12.0
Rear 116 1.5 5,000 2.7 45,000 10.1 51,000 7.9
Noncollision 1,524 20.1 23,000 12.6 25,000 5.6 50,000 7.8
Other/Unknown 598 7.9 4,000 2.2 12,000 2.7 17,000 2.6
Total 7,591 100.0 184,000 100.0 449,000 100.0 641,000 100.0

Multiple-Vehicle Crashes
Front 6,567 68.0 471,000 52.2 1,033,000 45.8 1,511,000 47.7
Left Side 1,038 10.7 80,000 8.9 242,000 10.7 324,000 10.2
Right Side 790 8.2 78,000 8.7 246,000 10.9 325,000 10.2
Rear 989 10.2 271,000 30.0 725,000 32.1 997,000 31.5
Noncollision 46 0.5 1,000 0.1 1,000 * 1,000 *
Other/Unknown 233 2.4 1,000 0.2 10,000 0.4 11,000 0.4
Total 9,663 100.0 903,000 100.0 2,256,000 100.0 3,169,000 100.0

All Crashes
Front 11,060 64.1 592,000 54.4 1,301,000 48.1 1,904,000 50.0
Left Side 1,476 8.6 91,000 8.4 285,000 10.5 378,000 9.9
Right Side 1,212 7.0 99,000 9.1 302,000 11.2 402,000 10.5
Rear 1,105 6.4 276,000 25.4 770,000 28.5 1,047,000 27.5
Noncollision 1,570 9.1 24,000 2.2 26,000 1.0 51,000 1.3
Other/Unknown 831 4.8 5,000 0.5 22,000 0.8 28,000 0.7
Total 17,254 100.0 1,087,000 100.0 2,706,000 100.0 3,810,000 100.0
*Less than 0.05 percent.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 46
Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Most Harmful
Event Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Transport by Initial
Point of Impact:
Front 1,653 43.5 31,000 40.2 75,000 29.9 108,000 32.4
Left Side 329 8.7 8,000 10.6 32,000 12.6 40,000 12.1
Right Side 175 4.6 8,000 10.7 30,000 12.0 39,000 11.6
Rear 585 15.4 17,000 21.7 50,000 20.0 68,000 20.3
Other/Unknown 45 1.2 * 0.1 * 0.1 * 0.1
Subtotal 2,787 73.3 64,000 83.2 188,000 74.5 255,000 76.5
Collision with
Fixed Object 150 3.9 3,000 3.9 25,000 9.7 28,000 8.3
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonoccupant 343 9.0 2,000 2.6 * * 2,000 0.7
Other 85 2.2 2,000 2.7 29,000 11.5 31,000 9.4
Subtotal 428 11.3 4,000 5.3 29,000 11.5 34,000 10.1
Noncollision 436 11.5 6,000 7.5 11,000 4.2 17,000 5.1
Total **3,802 100.0 77,000 100.0 253,000 100.0 333,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

**Includes 1 large truck involved in fatal crashes with unknown most harmful event.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 47
Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity,
and Crash Type
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Initial Point
of Impact Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Single-Vehicle Crashes
Front 410 56.5 3,000 31.4 15,000 28.6 19,000 29.4
Left Side 28 3.9 1,000 10.6 4,000 7.9 5,000 8.3
Right Side 65 9.0 2,000 18.6 9,000 17.9 11,000 17.9
Rear 25 3.4 * 1.7 8,000 15.2 8,000 12.8
Noncollision 131 18.0 4,000 36.3 8,000 15.2 12,000 18.8
Other/Unknown 67 9.2 * 1.4 8,000 15.2 8,000 12.8
Total 726 100.0 11,000 100.0 52,000 100.0 63,000 100.0

Multiple-Vehicle Crashes
Front 1,819 59.1 31,000 47.5 77,000 38.0 110,000 40.6
Left Side 358 11.6 8,000 12.7 32,000 16.0 41,000 15.1
Right Side 195 6.3 8,000 12.8 31,000 15.5 40,000 14.8
Rear 608 19.8 17,000 25.6 51,000 25.2 68,000 25.2
Noncollision 22 0.7 * 0.5 2,000 0.8 2,000 0.7
Other/Unknown 74 2.4 1,000 1.0 9,000 4.5 10,000 3.6
Total 3,076 100.0 66,000 100.0 201,000 100.0 270,000 100.0

All Crashes
Front 2,229 58.6 35,000 45.2 91,000 36.1 128,000 38.5
Left Side 386 10.2 9,000 12.4 36,000 14.3 46,000 13.8
Right Side 260 6.8 10,000 13.6 41,000 16.0 51,000 15.4
Rear 633 16.6 17,000 22.2 59,000 23.2 76,000 22.9
Noncollision 153 4.0 4,000 5.5 9,000 3.7 14,000 4.1
Other/Unknown 141 3.7 1,000 1.1 17,000 6.7 18,000 5.4
Total 3,802 100.0 77,000 100.0 253,000 100.0 333,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

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Table 48
Large Trucks Involved in Crashes by Truck Type, Rollover Occurrence,
and Crash Severity
Rollover Occurrence

Yes No Total

Truck Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Fatal Crashes
Single-Unit Truck 194 18.2 872 81.8 1,066 100.0
Combination Truck 373 13.6 2,363 86.4 2,736 100.0
Total 567 14.9 3,235 85.1 3,802 100.0

Injury Crashes
Single-Unit Truck 3,000 7.8 32,000 92.2 35,000 100.0
Combination Truck 3,000 8.2 38,000 91.8 42,000 100.0
Total 6,000 8.0 70,000 92.0 77,000 100.0

Property-Damage-Only Crashes
Single-Unit Truck 2,000 1.6 116,000 98.4 118,000 100.0
Combination Truck 5,000 3.4 131,000 96.6 135,000 100.0
Total 6,000 2.6 246,000 97.4 253,000 100.0

All Crashes
Single-Unit Truck 5,000 3.2 149,000 96.8 154,000 100.0
Combination Truck 8,000 4.6 171,000 95.4 180,000 100.0
Total 13,000 4.0 320,000 96.0 333,000 100.0

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 49
Truck Tractors with Trailers Involved in Crashes by Number of Trailers,
Jackknife Occurrence, and Crash Severity
Jackknife Occurrence

Yes No Total

Number of Trailers Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Fatal Crashes
One 140 6.0 2,190 94.0 2,330 100.0
Two or More 9 8.6 96 91.4 105 100.0
Unknown Number 0 0.0 1 100.0 1 100.0
Total 149 6.1 2,287 93.9 2,436 100.0

Injury Crashes
One 1,000 2.6 30,000 97.4 31,000 100.0
Two or More * * 1,000 100.0 1,000 100.0
Unknown Number * * * 100.0 * 100.0
Total 1,000 2.5 32,000 97.5 33,000 100.0

Property-Damage-Only Crashes
One 3,000 2.5 101,000 97.5 104,000 100.0
Two or More * 5.7 3,000 94.3 3,000 100.0
Unknown Number * * 1,000 100.0 1,000 100.0
Total 3,000 2.6 104,000 97.4 107,000 100.0

All Crashes
One 4,000 2.6 133,000 97.4 137,000 100.0
Two or More * 4.0 4,000 96.0 4,000 100.0
Unknown Number * * 1,000 100.0 1,000 100.0
Total 4,000 2.6 138,000 97.4 142,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

98 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 50
Motorcycles Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Most Harmful
Event Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Transport by Initial
Point of Impact:
Front 1,917 37.7 24,000 27.0 6,000 32.9 32,000 28.5
Left Side 180 3.5 6,000 7.0 2,000 11.5 8,000 7.6
Right Side 146 2.9 4,000 5.0 1,000 7.3 6,000 5.3
Rear 213 4.2 5,000 6.0 4,000 21.5 9,000 8.4
Other/Unknown 168 3.3 1,000 1.1 * 2.1 2,000 1.3
Subtotal 2,624 51.7 41,000 46.2 13,000 75.4 57,000 51.1
Collision with
Fixed Object 1,237 24.4 11,000 11.9 1,000 5.8 13,000 11.5
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonmotorist 39 0.8 1,000 1.1 * * 1,000 0.9
Other 212 4.2 4,000 4.1 1,000 3.0 4,000 3.9
Subtotal 251 4.9 5,000 5.3 1,000 3.0 5,000 4.9
Noncollision 961 18.9 33,000 36.7 3,000 15.9 36,000 32.5
Total **5,080 100.0 89,000 100.0 18,000 100.0 112,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

**Includes 7 motorcycles involved in fatal crashes with unknown most harmful event.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 51
Motorcycles Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity,
and Crash Type
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Initial Point
of Impact Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Single-Vehicle Crashes
Front 1,034 48.0 11,000 24.1 1,000 21.6 13,000 24.9
Left Side 78 3.6 1,000 3.1 * 8.7 2,000 3.6
Right Side 112 5.2 2,000 5.4 * 6.1 3,000 5.4
Rear 10 0.5 * 0.1 * * * 0.1
Noncollision 640 29.7 30,000 65.9 3,000 63.6 33,000 64.2
Other/Unknown 279 13.0 1,000 1.4 * * 1,000 1.8
Total 2,153 100.0 45,000 100.0 4,000 100.0 52,000 100.0

Multiple-Vehicle Crashes
Front 2,021 69.0 24,000 56.0 6,000 43.3 32,000 53.7
Left Side 200 6.8 6,000 14.1 2,000 15.2 8,000 14.0
Right Side 158 5.4 5,000 10.6 1,000 9.6 6,000 10.1
Rear 221 7.6 5,000 12.2 4,000 28.3 9,000 15.6
Noncollision 247 8.4 3,000 7.1 * 3.6 4,000 6.3
Other/Unknown 80 2.7 * * * * * 0.1
Total 2,927 100.0 44,000 100.0 14,000 100.0 60,000 100.0

All Crashes
Front 3,055 60.1 35,000 39.7 7,000 38.1 45,000 40.4
Left Side 278 5.5 8,000 8.5 2,000 13.6 10,000 9.2
Right Side 270 5.3 7,000 8.0 2,000 8.8 9,000 8.0
Rear 231 4.5 5,000 6.1 4,000 21.5 9,000 8.5
Noncollision 887 17.5 33,000 37.1 3,000 18.0 37,000 33.1
Other/Unknown 359 7.1 1,000 0.7 * * 1,000 0.9
Total 5,080 100.0 89,000 100.0 18,000 100.0 112,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

100 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 52
Buses Involved in Crashes by Most Harmful Event and Crash Severity
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Most Harmful
Event Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Collision with
Motor Vehicle in
Transport by Initial
Point of Impact:
Front 87 34.7 4,000 31.1 9,000 20.9 13,000 23.3
Left Side 16 6.4 2,000 17.2 8,000 18.1 10,000 17.9
Right Side 9 3.6 * 3.9 6,000 13.0 6,000 10.9
Rear 33 13.1 4,000 30.1 12,000 28.4 16,000 28.7
Other/Unknown 3 1.2 * * * * * *
Subtotal 148 59.0 10,000 82.3 34,000 80.5 45,000 80.8
Collision with
Fixed Object 4 1.6 * 1.9 2,000 4.6 2,000 4.0
Collision with
Object Not Fixed:
Nonoccupant 86 34.3 1,000 10.7 * * 1,000 2.6
Other 1 0.4 1,000 4.9 6,000 14.3 7,000 12.2
Subtotal 87 34.7 2,000 15.6 6,000 14.3 8,000 14.7
Noncollision 12 4.8 * 0.2 * 0.5 * 0.5
Total 251 100.0 12,000 100.0 42,000 100.0 55,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

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 Chapter 3 � Vehicles
Table 53
Buses Involved in Crashes by Initial Point of Impact, Crash Severity, and Crash Type
Crash Severity

Fatal Injury Property Damage Only Total

Initial Point
of Impact Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Single-Vehicle Crashes
Front 59 63.4 1,000 61.3 2,000 22.9 3,000 31.1
Left Side 4 4.3 * 2.3 1,000 6.9 1,000 6.0
Right Side 6 6.5 * 19.1 3,000 37.1 3,000 33.1
Rear 4 4.3 * 15.6 3,000 30.4 3,000 27.1
Noncollision 7 7.5 * 1.0 * * * 0.3
Other/Unknown 13 14.0 * 0.7 * 2.7 * 2.4
Total 93 100.0 2,000 100.0 8,000 100.0 11,000 100.0

Multiple-Vehicle Crashes
Front 92 58.2 4,000 37.7 9,000 26.0 13,000 28.8

Left Side 16 10.1 2,000 20.9 8,000 22.5 10,000 22.1

Right Side 10 6.3 * 4.8 6,000 16.2 6,000 13.5

Rear 34 21.5 4,000 36.7 12,000 35.3 16,000 35.6

Noncollision 0 0.0 * * * * * *

Other/Unknown 6 3.8 * * * * * *

Total 158 100.0 10,000 100.0 34,000 100.0 45,000 100.0

All Crashes
Front 151 60.2 5,000 41.8 11,000 25.4 16,000 29.2
Left Side 20 8.0 2,000 17.6 8,000 19.5 10,000 19.0
Right Side 16 6.4 1,000 7.3 9,000 20.3 10,000 17.3
Rear 38 15.1 4,000 33.0 15,000 34.3 19,000 33.9
Noncollision 7 2.8 * 0.2 * * * 0.1
Other/Unknown 19 7.6 * 0.1 * 0.5 * 0.5
Total 251 100.0 12,000 100.0 42,000 100.0 55,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

102 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4

PEOPLE

 CHAPTER 4 � PEOPLE

T his chapter presents statistics about the Drivers, Passengers, Pedestrians, and Pedalcyclists involved in
police-reported motor vehicle crashes in 2012. The tables and figures are presented in nine groups: all killed or
injured persons, crash-involved drivers, occupants (drivers and passengers), alcohol, restraints, motorcycle related,
school bus related, pedestrians, and pedalcyclists. Below are some of the statistics you will find in this section:

O A total of 33,561 people lost their lives in motor vehicle crashes in 2012. Another 2.36 million people were
injured.

O The majority of persons killed or injured in traffic crashes were drivers (63 percent), followed by passengers
(27 percent), motorcyclists (4 percent), pedestrians (3 percent), and pedalcyclists (2 percent).

O Per 100,000 population, persons 21 to 24 years old had the highest fatality rate and the highest injury rate.
Children 5 to 9 years old had the lowest fatality rate, and children under 5 years old had the lowest injury rate
per 100,000 population.

O For every age group, the fatality rate per 100,000 population was lower for females than for males. The injury
rate based on population was higher for females than for males in every age group, except for people under
5 years old, people 5 to 9 years old, and people over 74 years old.

O Of the persons who were killed in traffic crashes in 2012, 31 percent died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes.

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 54
Persons Killed or Injured, by Person Type and Injury Severity
Persons Injured by Injury Severity
Persons Total Killed
Person Type Killed Incapacitating Nonincapacitating Other Total Injured or Injured
Vehicle Occupants
Driver 16,769 97,000 418,000 975,000 1,489,000 1,506,000
Passenger 6,061 40,000 159,000 445,000 644,000 650,000
Unknown Occupant 82 * * * 1,000 1,000
Subtotal 22,912 137,000 577,000 1,420,000 2,134,000 2,157,000
Motorcyclists 4,957 24,000 47,000 23,000 93,000 98,000
Nonoccupants
Pedestrian 4,743 15,000 28,000 34,000 76,000 81,000
Pedalcyclist 726 5,000 27,000 17,000 49,000 50,000
Other/Unknown 223 1,000 4,000 5,000 10,000 10,000
Subtotal 5,692 22,000 58,000 55,000 136,000 141,000
Total 33,561 182,000 682,000 1,498,000 2,362,000 2,396,000
*Less than 500.

Table 55
Persons Killed or Injured, by Age and Injury Severity
Persons Injured by Injury Severity
Age Persons Total Killed
(Years) Killed Incapacitating Nonincapacitating Other Total Injured or Injured
<5 405 2,000 9,000 30,000 41,000 42,000
5-9 345 3,000 17,000 40,000 61,000 61,000
10-15 613 6,000 27,000 52,000 85,000 86,000
16-20 3,224 21,000 100,000 178,000 299,000 303,000
21-24 3,436 21,000 81,000 154,000 256,000 259,000
25-34 5,902 35,000 135,000 283,000 453,000 459,000
35-44 4,534 30,000 96,000 228,000 353,000 358,000
45-54 5,184 27,000 89,000 230,000 346,000 351,000
55-64 4,297 19,000 68,000 166,000 253,000 257,000
65-74 2,692 10,000 34,000 86,000 129,000 132,000
>74 2,868 8,000 26,000 50,000 84,000 87,000
Total *33,561 182,000 682,000 1,498,000 2,362,000 2,396,000
*Includes 61 fatalities of unknown age.

Table 56
Persons Killed or Injured, by Sex and Injury Severity
Persons Injured by Injury Severity
Persons Total Killed
Sex Killed Incapacitating Nonincapacitating Other Total Injured or Injured
Male 23,808 104,000 361,000 673,000 1,138,000 1,162,000
Female 9,733 78,000 321,000 825,000 1,224,000 1,234,000
Total *33,561 182,000 682,000 1,498,000 2,362,000 2,396,000
*Includes 20 fatalities of unknown sex.

106 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 17

Percent of Persons Killed or Injured, by Age

Percent Killed or Injured

20

Killed Injured

15

10

0
<5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74

Age (Years)

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 57
Persons Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex
Male Female Total

Age Population Population Population

(Years) Killed (Thousands) Rate Killed (Thousands) Rate Killed (Thousands) Rate
<5 220 10,216 2.15 185 9,783 1.89 405 19,999 2.03
5-9 202 10,459 1.93 143 10,016 1.43 345 20,476 1.68
10-15 350 12,686 2.76 263 12,128 2.17 613 24,813 2.47
16-20 2,219 11,179 19.85 1,002 10,581 9.47 3,224 21,760 14.82
21-24 2,577 9,214 27.97 857 8,825 9.71 3,436 18,039 19.05
25-34 4,434 21,339 20.78 1,466 20,971 6.99 5,902 42,309 13.95
35-44 3,343 20,174 16.57 1,189 20,343 5.84 4,534 40,516 11.19
45-54 3,827 21,807 17.55 1,357 22,462 6.04 5,184 44,269 11.71
55-64 3,143 18,603 16.90 1,153 19,983 5.77 4,297 38,586 11.14
65-74 1,804 11,203 16.10 887 12,783 6.94 2,692 23,985 11.22
>74 1,647 7,612 21.64 1,220 11,548 10.56 2,868 19,160 14.97
Unknown 42 * * 11 * * 61 * *
Total 23,808 154,492 15.41 9,733 159,422 6.11 **33,561 313,914 10.69

Male Female Total

Age Population Population Population

(Years) Injured (Thousands) Rate Injured (Thousands) Rate Injured (Thousands) Rate
<5 22,000 10,216 216 19,000 9,783 198 41,000 19,999 207
5-9 31,000 10,459 299 30,000 10,016 298 61,000 20,476 299
10-15 43,000 12,686 336 42,000 12,128 349 85,000 24,813 343
16-20 141,000 11,179 1,260 159,000 10,581 1,498 299,000 21,760 1,376
21-24 129,000 9,214 1,402 127,000 8,825 1,436 256,000 18,039 1,419
25-34 222,000 21,339 1,041 231,000 20,971 1,100 453,000 42,309 1,070
35-44 169,000 20,174 837 185,000 20,343 907 353,000 40,516 872
45-54 168,000 21,807 769 178,000 22,462 794 346,000 44,269 782
55-64 117,000 18,603 627 136,000 19,983 682 253,000 38,586 656
65-74 59,000 11,203 524 71,000 12,783 554 129,000 23,985 540
>74 38,000 7,612 502 46,000 11,548 401 84,000 19,160 441
Total 1,138,000 154,492 737 1,224,000 159,422 768 2,362,000 313,914 752
*Not applicable.

**Includes 20 fatalities of unknown sex.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Population—Bureau of the Census.

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Figure 18
Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population, by Age and Sex

Male Female
Fatality Rate per 100,000 Population
35

Fatality Rates
30

25

20

15

10

Injury Rate per 100,000 Population

1,750
Injury Rates

1,500

1,250

1,000

750

500

250

0
<5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74
Age (Years)

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 58
Persons Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Weather Condition and Light Condition
Light Condition
Weather
Condition Daylight Dark, But Lighted Dark Dawn or Dusk Other/Unknown Total

Persons Killed
Normal 14,800 5,404 8,623 1,160 55 30,042
Rain 958 512 660 112 4 2,246
Snow/Sleet 247 56 145 23 2 473
Other 166 69 236 55 5 531
Unknown 79 15 68 7 100 269
Total 16,250 6,056 9,732 1,357 166 33,561
Persons Injured
Normal 1,473,000 368,000 180,000 71,000 * 2,091,000
Rain 128,000 52,000 23,000 12,000 * 214,000
Snow/Sleet 26,000 7,000 9,000 2,000 * 45,000
Other 5,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 * 12,000
Total 1,632,000 429,000 214,000 86,000 * 2,362,000
*Less than 500.

Table 59
Persons Killed in Crashes and Percent Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities,
by Time of Day and Crash Type
Crash Type

Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total

Alcohol-Impaired Driving* Alcohol-Impaired Driving* Alcohol-Impaired Driving*

Time of Day Number Number Percent Number Number Percent Number Number Percent
Midnight to 3 am 3,236 2,009 62 1,026 662 65 4,262 2,671 63
3 am to 6 am 2,001 1,012 51 789 361 46 2,790 1,373 49
6 am to 9 am 1,665 302 18 1,536 196 13 3,201 498 16
9 am to Noon 1,553 163 10 1,705 114 7 3,258 277 8
Noon to 3 pm 2,048 290 14 2,292 243 11 4,340 532 12
3 pm to 6 pm 2,573 642 25 2,842 471 17 5,415 1,114 21
6 pm to 9 pm 3,304 1,050 32 2,095 653 31 5,399 1,703 32
9 pm to Midnight 3,144 1,322 42 1,492 699 47 4,636 2,021 44
Unknown 239 121 50 21 12 59 260 133 51
Total 19,763 6,910 35 13,798 3,412 25 33,561 10,322 31
*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or
greater. NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

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 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 19
Percent of Persons Killed in Alcohol-Impaired Driving Crashes, by Time of Day
Percent Alcohol-Impaired*
80
Multiple Vehicle Single Vehicle

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
9 am to Noon to 3 pm to 6 pm to 9 pm to Midnight to 3 am to 6 am to
Noon 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm Midnight 3 am 6 am 9 am

*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per
deciliter (g/dL) or greater. NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more
information, see page 7 of this report.

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 60
Persons Killed in Work Zones, by Roadway Function Class and Person Type
Person Type
Other
Roadway Function Class Driver* Passenger** Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Nonoccupant Total
Principal Arterial
Interstate 146 44 34 0 3 227
Freeway/Expressway 30 13 7 0 0 50
Other 112 32 19 2 1 166
Minor Arterial 57 5 19 4 1 86
Collector 21 7 11 0 0 39
Local Road or Street 24 8 5 0 2 39
Unknown 1 0 0 0 1 2
Total 391 109 95 6 8 609
*Includes motorcycle riders.

**Includes motorcycle passengers.

Table 61
Persons Killed in Crashes Involving Emergency Vehicles, by Person Type, Crash Type,
and Vehicle Type
Crash Type
Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total
Person Type Total In Emergency Use* Total In Emergency Use* Total In Emergency Use*
Ambulance
Ambulance Driver 0 0 3 1 3 1
Ambulance Passenger 3 1 5 3 8 4
Occupant of Other Vehicle 0 0 20 11 20 11
Pedestrian 1 0 2 0 3 0
Pedalcyclist 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4 1 30 15 34 16
Fire Truck
Fire Truck Driver 1 1 0 0 1 1
Fire Truck Passenger 4 2 0 0 4 2
Occupant of Other Vehicle 0 0 8 6 8 6
Pedestrian 1 0 0 0 1 0
Pedalcyclist 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 6 3 8 6 14 9
Police Vehicle
Police Vehicle Driver 12 4 10 3 22 7
Police Vehicle Passenger 0 0 0 0 0 0
Occupant of Other Vehicle 0 0 42 20 42 20
Pedestrian 12 7 6 1 18 8
Pedalcyclist 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pedalcyclist 1 0 0 0 1 0
Total 25 11 58 24 83 35
*Refers to a vehicle traveling with physical emergency signals in use (red lights blinking, sirens sounding, etc.).
112 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 20
Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by First Harmful Event
and Manner of Collision
Fatality Rate per 1,000 Crashes

30

25

20

15

10

Injury Rate per 1,000 Crashes

900

750

600

450

300

150

0
Collision: Collision: Collision: Collision: Collision: Noncollision Collision:
Rear End Sideswipe Angle Object Fixed Head On
Not Fixed Object
First Harmful Event

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

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 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 21
Fatality and Injury Rates per 1,000 Crashes, by Time of Day
Fatality Rate per 1,000 Crashes
20

16

12

Injury Rate per 1,000 Crashes

500

400

300

200

100

0
6 am to 9 am to Noon to 3 pm to 6 pm to 9 pm to Midnight to 3 am to
9 am Noon 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm Midnight 3 am 6 am
Time of Day

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Table 62
Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers, by Age, Sex, and Crash Severity
Sex

Age Male Female Total

(Years) Drivers Involvement Rate Drivers Involvement Rate Drivers Involvement Rate
Drivers in Fatal Crashes
<16 86 * 35 * 121 *
16-20 2,946 48.27 1,264 21.60 4,211 35.23
21-24 3,520 49.06 1,218 17.26 4,738 33.30
25-34 6,669 36.58 2,279 12.35 8,950 24.40
35-44 5,479 30.10 1,831 9.99 7,311 20.02
45-54 5,782 28.64 1,819 8.92 7,601 18.72
55-64 4,501 25.53 1,396 7.70 5,899 16.50
65-74 2,347 22.02 865 7.81 3,212 14.78
>74 1,741 25.88 790 10.56 2,532 17.82
Unknown 53 * 12 * 762 *
Total 33,124 31.55 11,509 10.77 **45,337 21.40
Drivers in Injury Crashes
<16 5,000 * 4,000 * 9,000 *
16-20 186,000 3,052 167,000 2,850 353,000 2,953
21-24 177,000 2,473 143,000 2,024 320,000 2,250
25-34 348,000 1,910 284,000 1,540 632,000 1,724
35-44 278,000 1,526 230,000 1,255 508,000 1,390
45-54 282,000 1,398 209,000 1,026 492,000 1,211
55-64 198,000 1,121 158,000 871 355,000 994
65-74 101,000 945 73,000 664 174,000 802
>74 59,000 882 46,000 618 106,000 743
Total 1,635,000 1,557 1,315,000 1,230 2,949,000 1,392
Drivers in Property-Damage-Only Crashes
<16 14,000 * 9,000 * 22,000 *
16-20 481,000 7,888 407,000 6,952 888,000 7,430
21-24 441,000 6,152 375,000 5,311 816,000 5,735
25-34 801,000 4,396 665,000 3,605 1,467,000 3,998
35-44 657,000 3,610 511,000 2,789 1,168,000 3,198
45-54 646,000 3,197 457,000 2,240 1,103,000 2,716
55-64 471,000 2,671 326,000 1,797 797,000 2,228
65-74 227,000 2,126 161,000 1,450 387,000 1,782
>74 142,000 2,113 97,000 1,297 239,000 1,683
Total 3,880,000 3,696 3,007,000 2,815 6,887,000 3,251
Drivers in All Crashes
<16 19,000 * 13,000 * 32,000 *
16-20 671,000 10,988 575,000 9,823 1,245,000 10,418
21-24 622,000 8,673 519,000 7,352 1,141,000 8,018
25-34 1,156,000 6,342 952,000 5,157 2,108,000 5,746
35-44 940,000 5,166 743,000 4,053 1,683,000 4,608
45-54 934,000 4,624 668,000 3,275 1,602,000 3,946
55-64 673,000 3,817 485,000 2,675 1,158,000 3,239
65-74 330,000 3,093 235,000 2,122 565,000 2,598
>74 203,000 3,021 144,000 1,926 347,000 2,444
Unknown *** * *** * 1,000 *
Total 5,548,000 5,285 4,333,000 4,056 9,882,000 4,665
*Not applicable.
**Includes 704 drivers of unknown sex.
***Less than 500.
Notes: Drivers include motorcycle riders. Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver
counts.

Source: Licensed Drivers—Federal Highway Administration.

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 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 22
Driver Involvement Rates per 100,000 Licensed Drivers, by Age, Sex, and Crash Severity
Sex:
Male Female
Driver Involvement Rate
80

Fatal Crashes

60

40

20

4,000

Injury Crashes

3,000

2,000

1,000

12,000
Property Damage Only

9,000

6,000

3,000

0
16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74
Age (Years)

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 63
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes,
by Previous Driving Record and License Type Compliance
Valid License (38,420) Invalid License (5,784) Total (44,204)

Previous Convictions Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Previous Recorded Crashes 4,436 11.5 604 10.4 5,040 11.4

Previous Recorded Suspensions or Revocations 3,582 9.3 2,708 46.8 6,290 14.2
Previous DWI Convictions 594 1.5 585 10.1 1,179 2.7
Previous Speeding Convictions 6,390 16.6 1,019 17.6 7,409 16.8
Previous Other Harmful Moving Convictions 6,205 16.2 1,501 26.0 7,706 17.4
Drivers with No Previous Convictions 24,169 62.9 2,449 42.3 26,618 60.2
Notes: Table does not include 1,133 drivers with unknown license status. FARS records prior driving records (convictions
only, not violations) for events occurring within 3 years of the date of the crash. The same driver can have one or more of
these convictions. License type compliance refers to the type of drivers license possessed or not possessed by the driver for
the class of vehicle being driven at the time of the crash.

Table 64
Related Factors for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes
Factors Number Percent
Driving too fast for conditions or in excess of posted speed limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,320 20.6
Under the influence of alcohol, drugs or medication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,199 13.7
Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,431 7.6
Failure to yield right of way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,211 7.1
Inattentive (talking, eating, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,119 6.9
Overcorrecting/oversteering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,246 5.0
Operating vehicle in a careless manner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,052 4.5
Failure to obey traffic signs, signals, or officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,820 4.0
Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, or negligent manner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,650 3.6
Swerving or avoiding due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, nonmotorist in roadway, etc.. . 1,557 3.4
Vision obscured (rain, snow, glare, lights, building, trees, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,282 2.8
Drowsy, asleep, fatigued, ill, or blackout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,254 2.8
Driving wrong way on one-way trafficway or on wrong side of road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004 2.2
Making improper turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930 2.1
Other factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,238 11.6
None reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,150 31.2
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,146 11.4
Total Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,337 100.0
Notes: The sum of the numbers and percentages is greater than total drivers as more than one factor may be present for the
same driver.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 65
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type, Person Type, and Injury Severity
Occupants Injured by Injury Severity
Vehicle and Occupants Total Killed
Person Type Killed Incapacitating Nonincapacitating Other Total Injured or Injured
Passenger Car
Drivers 8,891 57,000 257,000 629,000 943,000 952,000
Passengers 3,352 24,000 92,000 268,000 384,000 388,000
Unknown 28 * * * * *
Subtotal 12,271 81,000 350,000 897,000 1,328,000 1,340,000
Light Truck
Drivers 6,876 37,000 150,000 331,000 518,000 525,000
Passengers 2,491 16,000 62,000 166,000 244,000 247,000
Unknown 29 * * * * *
Subtotal 9,396 53,000 213,000 497,000 762,000 772,000
Large Truck
Drivers 592 2,000 8,000 11,000 21,000 21,000
Passengers 101 * 2,000 3,000 5,000 5,000
Unknown 4 * * * * *
Subtotal 697 2,000 9,000 14,000 25,000 26,000
Bus 39 * 2,000 10,000 12,000 12,000
Other/Unknown 509 1,000 3,000 2,000 6,000 6,000
Subtotal** 22,912 137,000 577,000 1,420,000 2,134,000 2,157,000

Motorcycle
Riders 4,625 22,000 43,000 22,000 87,000 92,000
Passengers 328 1,000 3,000 1,000 6,000 6,000
Unknown 4 * * * * *
Subtotal 4,957 24,000 47,000 23,000 93,000 98,000

Total 27,869 160,000 624,000 1,443,000 2,227,000 2,254,000

*Less than 500.
**Excluding motorcycles.

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Table 66
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Crash Type
Crash Type
Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicle Total

Speed Limit Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Persons Killed
30 mph or less 1,642 11.3 935 7.0 2,577 9.2
35 or 40 mph 2,327 16.0 1,988 15.0 4,315 15.5
45 or 50 mph 2,502 17.2 2,764 20.8 5,266 18.9
55 mph 4,520 31.0 4,046 30.5 8,566 30.7
60 mph or higher 3,097 21.2 2,925 22.0 6,022 21.6
No Statutory Limit 48 0.3 98 0.7 146 0.5
Unknown 451 3.1 526 4.0 977 3.5
Total 14,587 100.0 13,282 100.0 27,869 100.0
Persons Injured
30 mph or less 86,000 17.3 250,000 14.5 336,000 15.1
35 or 40 mph 88,000 17.7 527,000 30.4 614,000 27.6
45 or 50 mph 75,000 15.1 377,000 21.8 452,000 20.3
55 mph 103,000 20.8 175,000 10.1 279,000 12.5
60 mph or higher 86,000 17.5 148,000 8.6 235,000 10.5
No Statutory Limit 4,000 0.8 29,000 1.7 33,000 1.5
Unknown 54,000 10.9 224,000 12.9 278,000 12.5
Total 496,000 100.0 1,731,000 100.0 2,227,000 100.0

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Table 67
Vehicle Occupants Killed in Crashes, by Speed Limit and Land Use
Land Use

Rural Urban Unknown Total

Speed Limit Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
30 mph or less 773 30.0 1,795 69.7 9 0.3 2,577 100.0
35 or 40 mph 1,622 37.6 2,676 62.0 17 0.4 4,315 100.0
45 or 50 mph 2,652 50.4 2,598 49.3 16 0.3 5,266 100.0
55 mph 6,962 81.3 1,581 18.5 23 0.3 8,566 100.0
60 mph or higher 4,059 67.4 1,961 32.6 2 0.0 6,022 100.0
No Statutory Limit 73 50.0 72 49.3 1 0.7 146 100.0
Unknown 496 50.8 472 48.3 9 0.9 977 100.0
Total 16,637 59.7 11,155 40.0 77 0.3 27,869 100.0

Figure 23
Percent of Vehicle Occupants Killed, by Speed Limit and Land Use
Percent of Vehicle Occupants Killed
50

Land Use:
Rural Urban

40

30

20

10

0
30 mph or Less 35 or 40 mph 45 or 50 mph 55 mph 60 mph or Higher
Speed Limit

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Table 68
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Sex and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type

Passenger Light Large Other/

Sex Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Total

Occupants Killed
Male 7,480 6,658 657 14 414 15,223 4,499 19,722
Female 4,786 2,735 40 25 91 7,677 456 8,133
Unknown 5 3 0 0 4 12 2 14
Total 12,271 9,396 697 39 509 22,912 4,957 27,869
Occupants Injured
Male 553,000 384,000 23,000 5,000 5,000 970,000 80,000 1,050,000
Female 775,000 379,000 2,000 7,000 1,000 1,164,000 13,000 1,177,000
Total 1,328,000 762,000 25,000 12,000 6,000 2,134,000 93,000 2,227,000

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 69
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type

Age Passenger Light Large Other/

(Years) Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Total
Occupants Killed
<5 173 125 0 2 5 305 1 306
5-9 120 105 0 2 7 234 3 237
10-15 177 197 5 4 26 409 13 422
16-20 1,694 892 17 4 52 2,659 215 2,874
21-24 1,647 834 31 0 42 2,554 489 3,043
25-34 2,258 1,634 95 3 97 4,087 1,044 5,131
35-44 1,311 1,413 140 1 82 2,947 903 3,850
45-54 1,316 1,415 192 1 73 2,997 1,083 4,080
55-64 1,150 1,189 152 11 52 2,554 853 3,407
65-74 944 847 53 4 37 1,885 293 2,178
>74 1,468 732 11 7 31 2,249 59 2,308
Unknown 13 13 1 0 5 32 1 33
Total 12,271 9,396 697 39 509 22,912 4,957 27,869
Occupants Injured
<5 23,000 16,000 * * * 39,000 * 39,000
5-9 31,000 22,000 * * * 54,000 * 54,000
10-15 37,000 28,000 * 1,000 * 67,000 1,000 68,000
16-20 189,000 85,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 278,000 7,000 285,000
21-24 164,000 66,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 233,000 11,000 244,000
25-34 264,000 139,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 411,000 20,000 431,000
35-44 180,000 130,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 317,000 18,000 335,000
45-54 173,000 125,000 6,000 3,000 1,000 308,000 20,000 328,000
55-64 133,000 88,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 227,000 12,000 239,000
65-74 74,000 42,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 119,000 4,000 123,000
>74 59,000 20,000 * * * 80,000 1,000 81,000
Total 1,328,000 762,000 25,000 12,000 6,000 2,134,000 93,000 2,227,000
*Less than 500.

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Table 70
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age, Person Type, and Sex
Person Type

Drivers Passengers

Sex Sex

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Occupants Killed
<5 1 100.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 156 51.1 149 48.9 305 100.0
5-9 3 100.0 0 0.0 3 100.0 131 56.0 103 44.0 234 100.0
10-15 42 77.8 12 22.2 54 100.0 183 49.7 185 50.3 368 100.0
16-20 1,347 73.1 496 26.9 1,843 100.0 608 59.0 421 40.8 1,031 100.0
21-24 1,801 78.7 486 21.3 2,287 100.0 498 65.9 256 33.9 756 100.0
25-34 3,268 79.6 840 20.4 4,108 100.0 598 58.5 423 41.3 1,023 100.0
35-44 2,548 78.9 682 21.1 3,230 100.0 294 47.4 324 52.3 620 100.0
45-54 2,741 79.0 727 21.0 3,468 100.0 252 41.2 360 58.8 612 100.0
55-64 2,309 78.6 629 21.4 2,938 100.0 180 38.4 289 61.6 469 100.0
65-74 1,310 74.3 453 25.7 1,763 100.0 129 31.1 286 68.9 415 100.0
>74 1,146 68.0 540 32.0 1,686 100.0 157 25.2 465 74.8 622 100.0
Unknown 9 69.2 1 7.7 13 100.0 11 55.0 6 30.0 20 100.0
Total 16,525 77.2 4,866 22.7 *21,394 100.0 3,197 49.4 3,267 50.5 **6,475 100.0

Occupants Injured
<5 ** 100.0 ** ** ** 100.0 20,000 52.1 19,000 47.9 39,000 100.0
5-9 ** 48.6 ** 51.4 ** 100.0 27,000 49.1 28,000 50.9 54,000 100.0
10-15 3,000 59.4 2,000 40.6 5,000 100.0 28,000 43.5 36,000 56.5 64,000 100.0
16-20 89,000 48.8 93,000 51.2 182,000 100.0 43,000 41.6 60,000 58.4 103,000 100.0
21-24 92,000 51.1 88,000 48.9 180,000 100.0 31,000 48.1 33,000 51.9 64,000 100.0
25-34 169,000 50.3 167,000 49.7 336,000 100.0 39,000 41.2 56,000 58.8 95,000 100.0
35-44 129,000 48.1 138,000 51.9 267,000 100.0 27,000 40.1 41,000 59.9 68,000 100.0
45-54 134,000 50.4 131,000 49.6 265,000 100.0 22,000 34.7 41,000 65.3 63,000 100.0
55-64 92,000 48.2 99,000 51.8 191,000 100.0 16,000 32.4 32,000 67.6 48,000 100.0
65-74 48,000 51.2 46,000 48.8 94,000 100.0 6,000 22.8 22,000 77.2 29,000 100.0
>74 29,000 51.3 28,000 48.7 57,000 100.0 7,000 28.5 17,000 71.5 24,000 100.0
Total 784,000 49.7 792,000 50.3 1,577,000 100.0 265,000 40.8 385,000 59.2 650,000 100.0
*Includes 3 drivers of unknown sex.
**Includes 11 passengers of unknown sex.
***Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.
Note: Drivers include motorcycle riders; passengers include motorcycle passengers.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 71
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type and Most Harmful Event
Most Harmful Event

Collision with

Motor Vehicle
in Transport Object Not Fixed Fixed Object Noncollision Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Occupants Killed
Passenger Car 6,140 50.0 276 2.2 3,605 29.4 2,241 18.3 12,271 100.0
Light Truck 2,907 30.9 173 1.8 2,584 27.5 3,729 39.7 9,396 100.0
Large Truck 178 25.5 22 3.2 145 20.8 352 50.5 697 100.0
Bus 9 23.1 0 0.0 5 12.8 25 64.1 39 100.0
Other/Unknown 120 23.6 17 3.3 128 25.1 223 43.8 509 100.0
Subtotal 9,354 40.8 488 2.1 6,467 28.2 6,570 28.7 22,912 100.0
Motorcycle 2,552 51.5 208 4.2 1,247 25.2 943 19.0 4,957 100.0
Total 11,906 42.7 696 2.5 7,714 27.7 7,513 27.0 *27,869 100.0

Occupants Injured
Passenger Car 1,056,000 79.5 39,000 2.9 175,000 13.1 58,000 4.4 1,328,000 100.0
Light Truck 566,000 74.3 26,000 3.4 99,000 13.0 71,000 9.3 762,000 100.0
Large Truck 15,000 58.6 1,000 5.3 3,000 13.1 6,000 23.0 25,000 100.0
Bus 11,000 90.9 1,000 6.3 ** 2.5 ** 0.3 12,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 41.8 ** 3.8 1,000 13.8 2,000 40.6 6,000 100.0
Subtotal 1,651,000 77.4 68,000 3.2 278,000 13.0 137,000 6.4 2,134,000 100.0
Motorcycle 42,000 45.7 4,000 4.7 11,000 12.3 35,000 37.2 93,000 100.0
Total 1,693,000 76.1 72,000 3.2 289,000 13.0 172,000 7.7 2,227,000 100.0
*Includes 40 fatalities with unknown most harmful event.
**Less than 500.

124 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 72
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Initial Point of Impact and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type

Initial Point Passenger Light Large Other/

of Impact Cars Trucks Trucks Buses Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Total

Occupants Killed
Front 6,421 4,940 407 24 205 11,997 3,027 15,024
Left Side 2,034 941 54 0 35 3,064 257 3,321
Right Side 1,728 832 50 4 25 2,639 267 2,906
Rear 669 369 13 3 32 1,086 193 1,279
Other 374 315 7 0 12 708 115 823
Noncollision 701 1,709 137 8 152 2,707 874 3,581
Unknown 344 290 29 0 48 711 224 935
Total 12,271 9,396 697 39 509 22,912 4,957 27,869

Occupants Injured
Front 650,000 363,000 10,000 7,000 3,000 1,032,000 37,000 1,069,000
Left Side 147,000 72,000 3,000 1,000 * 223,000 8,000 231,000
Right Side 133,000 77,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 215,000 7,000 222,000
Rear 367,000 210,000 5,000 4,000 * 587,000 5,000 592,000
Other 8,000 5,000 * * * 13,000 1,000 14,000
Noncollision 23,000 35,000 4,000 * 2,000 64,000 35,000 99,000
Total 1,328,000 762,000 25,000 12,000 6,000 2,134,000 93,000 2,227,000
*Less than 500.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 73
Vehicle Occupants Killed or Injured, by Vehicle Type and Ejection
Ejected* Not Ejected Unknown Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Occupants Killed
Passenger Car 2,269 18.5 9,950 81.1 52 0.4 12,271 100.0
Light Truck 3,202 34.1 6,163 65.6 31 0.3 9,396 100.0
Large Truck 164 23.5 528 75.8 5 0.7 697 100.0
Bus 4 10.3 26 66.7 9 23.1 39 100.0
Other/Unknown 254 49.9 243 47.7 12 2.4 509 100.0
Total** 5,893 25.7 16,910 73.8 109 0.5 22,912 100.0
Occupants Injured
Passenger Car 5,000 0.4 1,323,000 99.6 **** **** 1,328,000 100.0
Light Truck 8,000 1.0 755,000 99.0 **** **** 762,000 100.0
Large Truck *** 1.4 25,000 98.6 **** **** 25,000 100.0
Bus *** *** 12,000 100.0 **** **** 12,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 43.8 3,000 56.2 **** **** 6,000 100.0
Total** 16,000 0.7 2,118,000 99.3 **** **** 2,134,000 100.0
*Includes total and partial ejection.
**Excludes motorcyclists.
***Less than 500.
****Not applicable.

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 74
Occupants Killed or Injured in Two-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Types Involved
Vehicle Type Occupants Killed Vehicle Type Occupants Killed Total Occupants Killed
Passenger Car — Passenger Car — 1,619

Passenger Car 2,592 Light Truck 658 3,250

Passenger Car 1,123 Large Truck 38 1,161

Passenger Car 17 Motorcycle 961 978

Passenger Car 52 Bus 1 53

Passenger Car 32 Other/Unknown 37 69

Light Truck — Light Truck — 1,224

Light Truck 913 Large Truck 49 962

Light Truck 5 Motorcycle 1,120 1,125

Light Truck 41 Bus 2 43

Light Truck 46 Other/Unknown 52 98

Large Truck — Large Truck — 103

Large Truck 1 Motorcycle 205 206

Large Truck 2 Bus 7 9

Large Truck 1 Other/Unknown 20 21

Motorcycle — Motorcycle — 76

Motorcycle 21 Bus 0 21

Motorcycle 66 Other/Unknown 1 67

Bus — Bus — 1

Bus 0 Other/Unknown 1 1

Other/Unknown — Other/Unknown — 18

Total Occupants Killed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,105

Vehicle Type Occupants Injured Vehicle Type Occupants Injured Total Occupants Injured
Passenger Car — Passenger Car — 480,000
Passenger Car 342,000 Light Truck 241,000 583,000
Passenger Car 36,000 Large Truck 6,000 42,000
Passenger Car 4,000 Motorcycle 24,000 28,000
Passenger Car 4,000 Bus 4,000 7,000
Passenger Car 1,000 Other/Unknown 1,000 2,000
Light Truck — Light Truck — 209,000
Light Truck 21,000 Large Truck 5,000 26,000
Light Truck 2,000 Motorcycle 15,000 17,000
Light Truck 2,000 Bus 3,000 5,000
Light Truck * Other/Unknown 1,000 1,000
Large Truck — Large Truck — 3,000
Large Truck * Motorcycle 1,000 1,000
Large Truck * Bus * *
Large Truck * Other/Unknown * *
Total Occupants Injured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,405,000
*Less than 500.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 75
Occupants Involved in Fatal Crashes and Occupant Fatalities, by Vehicle Body Type
Occupants Occupants Occupants Occupants
Involved Killed Involved Killed
Body Type No. % No. % Body Type No. % No. %
Passenger Cars 28,312 40.7 12,271 44.0 Large Trucks 4,492 6.5 697 2.5
Convertible 509 0.7 268 1.0 Step Van 25 * 3 *
2 Door Sedan, Hardtop, Coupe 3,930 5.7 1,898 6.8 Single Unit Truck
3 Door/2 Door Hatchback 958 1.4 490 1.8 (10,000 lb < GVWR � 19,500 lb) 430 0.6 62 0.2
Single Unit Truck
(19,500 lb < GVWR � 26,000 lb)
4 Door Sedan Hardtop 20,318 29.2 8,684 31.2
255 0.4 45 0.2
5 Door/4 Door Hatchback 537 0.8 220 0.8
Single Unit Heavy Truck
Station Wagon 1,852 2.7 629 2.3 (GVWR > 26,000 lb) 679 1.0 105 0.4
Hatchback, Doors Unknown 3 * 1 * Single Unit Truck, Unknown GVWR 29 * 2 *
Other Auto 31 * 11 * Truck Tractor 2,780 4.0 418 1.5
Unknown Auto 140 0.2 52 0.2 Medium/Heavy Pickup
Auto-Based Pickup 18 * 13 * (Ford Super Duty 450/550) 271 0.4 59 0.2
Auto-Based Panel Truck 5 * 0 0.0 Unknown Medium Truck
(10,000 lb < GVWR � 26,000 lb) 3 * 0 0.0
3 Door Coupe 11 * 5 *
Unknown Heavy Truck
Light Trucks 28,698 41.3 9,396 33.7 (GVWR > 26,000 lb) 9 * 2 *
Compact Utility 8,521 12.3 2,929 10.5 Unknown Large Truck Type 11 * 1 *
Large Utility 3,210 4.6 742 2.7 Motorcycles 5,712 8.2 4,957 17.8
Utility Station Wagon 729 1.0 203 0.7 Motorcycle 5,341 7.7 4,623 16.6
Utility, Unknown Body Type 1 * 1 * Moped 168 0.2 160 0.6
Minivan 3,243 4.7 946 3.4 Three Wheel Motorcycle or Moped 21 * 18 0.1
Large Van 1,062 1.5 205 0.7 Off-Road Motorcycle (Two Wheel) 53 0.1 44 0.2
Step Van 14 * 7 * Other Motorcycle/Minibike 99 0.1 88 0.3
Other Van Type 13 * 6 * Unknown Motorcycle 30 * 24 0.1
Unknown Van Type 8 * 3 * Buses** 901 1.3 39 0.1
Compact Pickup 2,889 4.2 1,371 4.9 School Bus 356 0.5 13 *
Standard Pickup 8,839 12.7 2,933 10.5 Cross Country/Intercity Bus 203 0.3 15 0.1
Pickup with Camper 56 0.1 16 0.1 Transit Bus 229 0.3 1 *
Convertible Pickup 2 * 1 * Van-Based Bus
Unknown Pickup Style Truck 26 * 11 * (GVWR > 10,000 lb) 89 0.1 8 *
Cab Chassis-Based Light Truck 49 0.1 8 * Other Bus 22 * 2 *
Other Conventional Light Truck 1 * 0 0.0 Unknown Bus 2 * 0 0.0
Unknown Light Truck Type (Not Pickup) 6 * 3 * Other Vehicles 712 1.0 431 1.5
Unknown Light Vehicle Type 28 * 11 * Large Limousine 1 * 1 *
Unknown Truck 1 * 0 0.0 Three Wheel Auto or Auto Derivative 1 * 1 *
Light Truck-Based Motorhome 1 * 0 0.0
Medium/Heavy Truck-Based Motorhome 50 0.1 9 *
Unknown Truck Camper/Motorhome 34 * 8 *
All Terrain Vehicle 421 0.6 304 1.1
Snowmobile 18 * 15 0.1
Farm Equipment Except Trucks 93 0.1 43 0.2
Construction Equipment Except Trucks 14 * 3 *
Motorized Wheelchair 3 * 2 *
Golf Cart 15 * 9 *
Other Vehicle 61 0.1 36 0.1
Unknown 704 1.0 78 0.3
Not Reported 15 * 7 *
Unknown Body Type 689 1.0 71 0.3
Total 69,531 100.0 27,869 100.0
*Less than 0.05 percent.

**Noninjured passengers are not included in this bus occupant count. All bus drivers are included, regardless of injury severity.

128 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 76
Passenger Car Occupants Involved in Fatal Crashes and Occupants Killed,
by Car Wheelbase Size
Occupants Involved
in Fatal Crashes Occupants Killed Percent of
Passenger Car Occupants Killed by
Wheelbase Size Number Percent of Total Number Percent of Total Car Wheelbase Size
Minicompact
(under 95 inches) 315 1.1 188 1.5 59.7
Subcompact
(95 to 99 inches) 2,203 7.8 1,156 9.4 52.5
Compact
(100 to 104 inches) 8,351 29.5 3,834 31.2 45.9
Intermediate
(105 to 109 inches) 9,681 34.2 4,050 33.0 41.8
Full Size
(110 to 114 inches) 5,110 18.0 2,098 17.1 41.1
Largest Size
(115 inches and over) 2,051 7.2 751 6.1 36.6

Unknown 601 2.1 194 1.6 32.3

Total 28,312 100.0 12,271 100.0 43.3

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

129
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 77
Persons Killed and Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities, by Person Type
Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities*

Person Type Total Killed Number Percent

Vehicle Occupants
Driver 16,769 5,993 36
Passenger 6,061 1,917 32
Unknown Occupant 82 6 7
Subtotal 22,912 7,916 35
Motorcyclists 4,957 1,596 32
Nonoccupants
Pedestrian 4,743 688 14
Pedalcyclist 726 89 12
Other/Unknown 223 33 15
Subtotal 5,692 810 14
Total 33,561 10,322 31
*Fatalities in crashes involving a driver or motorcycle rider with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 grams per deciliter
(g/dL) or greater. NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see
page 7 of this report.

Table 78
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age
and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Driver’s BAC

.00 .01-.07 .08 or Higher* .01 and Higher Total

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
<16 108 89 3 2 10 8 13 11 121 100
16-20 3,291 78 162 4 758 18 920 22 4,211 100
21-24 2,946 62 253 5 1,539 32 1,792 38 4,738 100
25-34 5,958 67 412 5 2,581 29 2,992 33 8,950 100
35-44 5,219 71 293 4 1,800 25 2,092 29 7,311 100
45-54 5,749 76 279 4 1,573 21 1,852 24 7,601 100
55-64 4,914 83 180 3 805 14 985 17 5,899 100
65-74 2,854 89 84 3 274 9 358 11 3,212 100
>74 2,350 93 43 2 139 5 182 7 2,532 100
Unknown 533 70 29 4 200 26 229 30 762 100
Total 33,922 75 1,737 4 9,678 21 11,415 25 45,337 100

130 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 24

Percent Alcohol Impairment (BAC .08 or Higher) for Drivers and Motorcycle Riders

Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age

Percent Alcohol-Impaired

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
<16 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74

Driver Age (Years)

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

131
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 79
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed in Crashes, by Time of Day, Day of Week, Age,
Alcohol Impairment, and Crash Type
Under 21 21 and Older
Time of Day
and Number Percent Number Percent
Day of Week Killed Alcohol-Impaired* Killed Alcohol-Impaired*
Single-Vehicle Crashes
Daytime 433 13 4,375 23
Weekday 281 8 2,868 19

Weekend 152 23 1,507 31

Nighttime 692 45 5,629 63

Weekday 306 41 2,521 56

Weekend 386 49 3,108 68

Multiple-Vehicle Crashes
Daytime 435 5 5,858 8
Weekday 360 3 4,404 6

Weekend 75 13 1,454 12

Nighttime 323 19 3,433 33

Weekday 148 13 1,697 28

Weekend 175 24 1,736 38

*Highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) among drivers or motorcycle riders involved in the crash was .08 grams per
deciliter (g/dL) or greater. NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more
information, see page 7 of this report.

Table 80
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed in Crashes, by Age
and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Driver’s BAC
.00 .01-.07 .08 or Higher* .01 and Higher Total
Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
<16 52 90 2 3 4 7 6 10 58 100
16-20 1,312 71 74 4 457 25 531 29 1,843 100
21-24 1,150 50 135 6 1,002 44 1,137 50 2,287 100
25-34 2,102 51 248 6 1,759 43 2,006 49 4,108 100
35-44 1,747 54 170 5 1,313 41 1,483 46 3,230 100
45-54 2,070 60 185 5 1,213 35 1,399 40 3,468 100
55-64 2,174 74 134 5 630 21 764 26 2,938 100
65-74 1,502 85 58 3 204 12 261 15 1,763 100
>74 1,549 92 37 2 101 6 137 8 1,686 100
Unknown 7 54 0 2 6 45 6 46 13 100
Total 13,665 64 1,042 5 6,688 31 7,729 36 21,394 100
*BAC of .08 g/dL or higher indicates alcohol-impaired driving.

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this

report.

132 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 25
Percent of Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed Who Were Alcohol-Impaired
(BAC .08 or Higher), by Driver Age, Crash Type, Time of Day, and Day of Week

Driver Age (Years):

Under 21 21 and Older
Percent of Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Killed Who Were Alcohol-Impaired
80
Single Vehicle
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

80
Multiple Vehicle
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Daytime: Daytime: Nighttime: Nighttime:
Weekday Weekend Weekday Weekend
Time of Day and Day of Week

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

133
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 81
Drivers and Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Vehicle Type
and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Driver’s BAC

.00 .01-.07 .08 or Higher* .01 and Higher Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Passenger Car 13,264 74 624 3 4,104 23 4,728 26 17,992 100
Light Truck 12,815 75 612 4 3,704 22 4,316 25 17,131 100
Large Truck 3,623 97 50 1 80 2 130 3 3,753 100
Bus 216 86 5 2 30 12 36 14 251 100
Other/Unknown 710 63 57 5 369 33 426 37 1,135 100
Subtotal 30,627 76 1,347 3 8,287 21 9,635 24 40,262 100
Motorcycle 3,295 65 390 8 1,390 27 1,780 35 5,075 100
Total 33,922 75 1,737 4 9,678 21 11,415 25 45,337 100
*BAC of .08 g/dL or higher indicates alcohol-impaired driving.

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this

report.

134 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 82
Persons Killed, by Age and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
in the Crash
Highest Driver BAC in Crash

.00 .01-.07 .08 or Higher* .01 and Higher Total**

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
<5 291 72 20 5 90 22 110 27 405 100
5-9 256 74 11 3 79 23 89 26 345 100
10-15 487 79 20 3 102 17 122 20 613 100
16-20 2,128 66 179 6 903 28 1,082 34 3,224 100
21-24 1,668 49 232 7 1,523 44 1,755 51 3,436 100
25-34 3,020 51 374 6 2,492 42 2,865 49 5,902 100
35-44 2,501 55 245 5 1,775 39 2,020 45 4,534 100
45-54 3,203 62 275 5 1,696 33 1,970 38 5,184 100
55-64 3,096 72 190 4 1,002 23 1,192 28 4,297 100
65-74 2,200 82 101 4 385 14 486 18 2,692 100
>74 2,524 88 72 3 258 9 329 11 2,868 100
Unknown 38 61 3 4 18 29 21 34 61 100
Total 21,411 64 1,719 5 10,322 31 12,041 36 33,561 100
*BAC of .08 g/dL or higher indicates alcohol-impaired driving.
**Total includes fatalities in crashes in which there was no driver present.
Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this
report.

Table 83

Pedestrians Killed, by Pedestrian’s and Driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

Driver’s BAC

.00 .01-.07 .08 or Higher* Total

Pedestrian’s
BAC Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
.00 2,447 52 74 2 353 8 2,874 61
.01-.07 164 4 10 0 39 1 213 5
.08 or Higher 1,293 28 60 1 250 5 1,603 34
Total** 3,905 83 143 3 641 14 4,689 100
*BAC of .08 g/dL or higher indicates alcohol-impaired driving.

**Includes pedestrians struck by motorcycles. Does not include pedestrians killed in hit and run crashes.

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this

report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

135
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 84
Drivers Involved in Crashes, by Vehicle Type, Restraint Use, and Crash Severity
Restraint Use

Used Not Used Unknown Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Drivers in Fatal Crashes

Passenger Car 12,068 67.1 4,519 25.1 1,405 7.8 17,992 100.0
Light Truck 10,915 63.7 4,876 28.5 1,340 7.8 17,131 100.0
Large Truck 3,119 83.1 352 9.4 282 7.5 3,753 100.0
Bus 223 88.8 9 3.6 19 7.6 251 100.0
Other/Unknown 121 10.7 393 34.6 621 54.7 1,135 100.0
Total* 26,446 65.7 10,149 25.2 3,667 9.1 40,262 100.0
Drivers in Injury Crashes
Passenger Car 1,477,000 87.9 46,000 2.7 158,000 9.4 1,681,000 100.0
Light Truck 951,000 87.7 37,000 3.4 97,000 9.0 1,085,000 100.0
Large Truck 67,000 87.7 1,000 1.9 8,000 10.4 76,000 100.0
Bus 10,000 84.9 ** 0.9 2,000 14.2 12,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 2,000 31.0 4,000 63.1 ** 6.0 7,000 100.0
Total* 2,507,000 87.6 88,000 3.1 265,000 9.3 2,860,000 100.0

Drivers in Property-Damage-Only Crashes

Passenger Car 3,421,000 88.5 38,000 1.0 408,000 10.6 3,867,000 100.0
Light Truck 2,410,000 89.2 26,000 1.0 265,000 9.8 2,701,000 100.0
Large Truck 222,000 88.3 3,000 1.1 27,000 10.6 251,000 100.0
Bus 37,000 88.1 1,000 3.3 4,000 8.7 42,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 5,000 66.9 1,000 16.5 1,000 16.5 7,000 100.0
Total* 6,095,000 88.7 69,000 1.0 705,000 10.3 6,869,000 100.0
Drivers in All Crashes
Passenger Car 4,911,000 88.2 88,000 1.6 568,000 10.2 5,566,000 100.0
Light Truck 3,372,000 88.7 67,000 1.8 363,000 9.6 3,803,000 100.0
Large Truck 291,000 88.1 5,000 1.4 35,000 10.5 331,000 100.0
Bus 48,000 87.4 2,000 2.7 5,000 9.9 55,000 100.0
Other/Unknown 7,000 46.9 6,000 38.3 2,000 14.8 15,000 100.0
Total* 8,629,000 88.3 167,000 1.7 974,000 10.0 9,770,000 100.0
*Excludes motorcycle riders.
**Less than 500.
Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 85
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Age and Restraint Use
Restraint Use

Used Not Used Unknown Total

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Occupants Killed
<5 196 65.8 88 29.5 14 4.7 298 100.0
5-9 122 54.2 81 36.0 22 9.8 225 100.0
10-15 150 40.1 190 50.8 34 9.1 374 100.0
16-20 959 37.1 1,423 55.0 204 7.9 2,586 100.0
21-24 826 33.3 1,428 57.6 227 9.1 2,481 100.0
25-34 1,388 35.7 2,159 55.5 345 8.9 3,892 100.0
35-44 1,000 36.7 1,518 55.7 206 7.6 2,724 100.0
45-54 1,183 43.3 1,352 49.5 196 7.2 2,731 100.0
55-64 1,268 54.2 928 39.7 143 6.1 2,339 100.0
65-74 1,061 59.2 612 34.2 118 6.6 1,791 100.0
>74 1,525 69.3 544 24.7 131 6.0 2,200 100.0
Unknown 1 3.8 12 46.2 13 50.0 26 100.0
Total 9,679 44.7 10,335 47.7 1,653 7.6 21,667 100.0
Occupants Injured
<5 36,000 91.5 2,000 4.2 2,000 4.3 39,000 100.0
5-9 45,000 84.4 3,000 5.7 5,000 9.9 54,000 100.0
10-15 55,000 83.4 5,000 7.3 6,000 9.3 66,000 100.0
16-20 223,000 81.4 21,000 7.8 30,000 10.8 275,000 100.0
21-24 184,000 80.1 19,000 8.4 26,000 11.5 230,000 100.0
25-34 329,000 81.4 26,000 6.3 49,000 12.2 404,000 100.0
35-44 262,000 84.6 16,000 5.0 32,000 10.3 310,000 100.0
45-54 254,000 85.4 10,000 3.2 34,000 11.4 298,000 100.0
55-64 195,000 88.5 4,000 2.0 21,000 9.4 221,000 100.0
65-74 101,000 87.2 5,000 4.2 10,000 8.6 116,000 100.0
>74 72,000 91.2 2,000 2.2 5,000 6.6 79,000 100.0
Total 1,758,000 84.1 112,000 5.4 221,000 10.6 2,091,000 100.0
Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

137
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 86
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupant Survivors of Fatal Crashes,
by Age and Restraint Use
Restraint Use

Used Not Used Unknown Total

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
<5 1,246 87.1 117 8.2 67 4.7 1,430 100.0
5-9 1,072 80.4 187 14.0 75 5.6 1,334 100.0
10-15 1,384 75.8 351 19.2 92 5.0 1,827 100.0
16-20 3,478 66.7 1,269 24.3 465 8.9 5,212 100.0
21-24 2,685 65.9 980 24.0 412 10.1 4,077 100.0
25-34 4,696 72.5 1,134 17.5 648 10.0 6,478 100.0
35-44 3,470 80.0 524 12.1 342 7.9 4,336 100.0
45-54 3,333 82.9 415 10.3 274 6.8 4,022 100.0
55-64 2,600 87.7 192 6.5 173 5.8 2,965 100.0
65-74 1,588 89.8 105 5.9 75 4.2 1,768 100.0
>74 1,099 89.1 77 6.2 57 4.6 1,233 100.0
Unknown 155 23.4 54 8.2 452 68.4 661 100.0
Total 26,806 75.8 5,405 15.3 3,132 8.9 35,343 100.0
Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

138 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 87
Passenger Car Occupants Killed or Injured, by Seating Position and Restraint Use
Restraint Use

Used Not Used Unknown Total

Seating
Position Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Passenger Car Occupants Killed

Front Seat 5,768 52.2 4,475 40.5 811 7.3 11,054 100.0
Left 4,578 51.5 3,693 41.5 625 7.0 8,896 100.0
Middle 1 16.7 4 66.7 1 16.7 6 100.0
Right 1,189 55.3 778 36.2 185 8.6 2,152 100.0
Second Seat 427 39.0 575 52.6 92 8.4 1,094 100.0
Left 162 37.6 223 51.7 46 10.7 431 100.0
Middle 42 32.8 79 61.7 7 5.5 128 100.0
Right 223 43.2 256 49.6 37 7.2 516 100.0
Other/Unknown 0 0.0 17 89.5 2 10.5 19 100.0
Other 2 8.0 21 84.0 2 8.0 25 100.0
Unknown 7 7.1 55 56.1 36 36.7 98 100.0
Total 6,204 50.6 5,126 41.8 941 7.7 12,271 100.0
Passenger Car Occupants Injured
Front Seat 1,023,000 86.1 49,000 4.1 117,000 9.8 1,188,000 100.0
Left 821,000 87.0 36,000 3.9 86,000 9.1 944,000 100.0
Middle 2,000 65.0 * 1.2 1,000 33.7 3,000 100.0
Right 199,000 82.8 12,000 5.0 29,000 12.2 241,000 100.0
Other * 75.2 * 24.8 * * * 100.0
Second Seat 98,000 72.2 15,000 11.2 23,000 16.7 136,000 100.0
Left 40,000 74.7 5,000 9.7 8,000 15.6 53,000 100.0
Middle 12,000 67.6 3,000 16.2 3,000 16.2 18,000 100.0
Right 46,000 72.5 7,000 11.0 11,000 16.5 64,000 100.0
Other * 13.7 * 12.0 1,000 74.3 1,000 100.0
Other 2,000 60.1 * 6.8 1,000 33.1 4,000 100.0
Total 1,123,000 84.6 64,000 4.8 141,000 10.6 1,328,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

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 Chapter 4 � People
Table 88
Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured, by Seating Position and Restraint Use
Restraint Use

Used Not Used Unknown Total

Seating
Position Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Light Truck Occupants Killed

Front Seat 3,201 38.3 4,533 54.3 614 7.4 8,348 100.0
Left 2,596 37.7 3,768 54.8 514 7.5 6,878 100.0
Middle 11 18.0 45 73.8 5 8.2 61 100.0
Right 594 42.4 712 50.9 94 6.7 1,400 100.0
Other/Unknown 0 0.0 8 88.9 1 11.1 9 100.0
Second Seat 217 30.3 450 62.8 50 7.0 717 100.0
Left 78 30.0 166 63.8 16 6.2 260 100.0
Middle 23 18.9 88 72.1 11 9.0 122 100.0
Right 114 37.0 176 57.1 18 5.8 308 100.0
Other/Unknown 2 7.4 20 74.1 5 18.5 27 100.0
Other 50 21.2 164 69.5 22 9.3 236 100.0
Unknown 7 7.4 62 65.3 26 27.4 95 100.0
Total 3,475 37.0 5,209 55.4 712 7.6 9,396 100.0
Light Truck Occupants Injured
Front Seat 564,000 84.3 38,000 5.7 67,000 10.0 670,000 100.0
Left 442,000 85.4 29,000 5.6 47,000 9.0 518,000 100.0
Middle 4,000 66.4 1,000 18.3 1,000 15.4 6,000 100.0
Right 118,000 81.1 8,000 5.7 19,000 13.2 145,000 100.0
Other 1,000 99.0 * 1.0 * * 1,000 100.0
Second Seat 62,000 77.3 7,000 8.4 11,000 14.3 80,000 100.0
Left 24,000 73.3 3,000 8.5 6,000 18.2 33,000 100.0
Middle 7,000 77.1 1,000 12.4 1,000 10.5 9,000 100.0
Right 30,000 81.6 3,000 7.3 4,000 11.1 37,000 100.0
Other * 43.8 * 11.6 * 44.6 1,000 100.0
Other 8,000 62.8 3,000 23.5 2,000 13.7 13,000 100.0
Total 634,000 83.2 48,000 6.3 80,000 10.5 762,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

140 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 89
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed or Injured,
by Restraint Use and Type of Restraint
Vehicle Type

Passenger Car Light Truck

Restraint Use and Type of Restraint Number Percent Number Percent

Occupants Killed
Restraint Used
Lap/Shoulder Belt 2,097 17.1 1,579 16.8
Lap Belt 36 0.3 51 0.5
Shoulder Belt 40 0.3 4 0.0
Child Safety Seat 103 0.8 65 0.7
Type Unknown 12 0.1 14 0.1
Restraint Used, Airbag Deployed 3,864 31.5 1,727 18.4
Seat Belt Used Improperly 32 0.3 24 0.3
Child Safety Seat Used Improperly 20 0.2 11 0.1
Subtotal 6,204 50.6 3,475 37.0
No Restraint Used 2,282 18.6 3,421 36.4
No Restraint Used, Airbag Deployed 2,844 23.2 1,788 19.0
Restraint Use Unknown 941 7.7 712 7.6
Total 12,271 100.0 9,396 100.0
Occupants Injured
Restraint Used
Lap/Shoulder Belt 723,000 54.4 449,000 58.9
Lap Belt 10,000 0.8 6,000 0.8
Shoulder Belt 5,000 0.4 4,000 0.5
Child Safety Seat 25,000 1.9 16,000 2.1
Type Unknown 10,000 0.8 5,000 0.7
Restraint Used, Airbag Deployed 349,000 26.3 153,000 20.1
Seat Belt Used Improperly 1,000 * * 0.1
Child Safety Seat Used Improperly 1,000 * * *
Subtotal 1,123,000 84.6 634,000 83.2
No Restraint Used 42,000 3.2 38,000 5.0
No Restraint Used, Airbag Deployed 22,000 1.6 10,000 1.3
Restraint Use Unknown 141,000 10.6 80,000 10.5
Total 1,328,000 100.0 762,000 100.0
*Less than 500 or less than 0.05 percent.

Note: Restraint use is determined by police and may be overreported for survivors.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

141
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 90
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by Crash Type, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence
Rollover Occurrence

Yes No Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Single-Vehicle Crashes
Passenger Car 2,540 44.6 3,150 55.4 5,690 100.0
Light Truck 100.0
Pickup 1,684 59.1 1,163 40.9 2,847 100.0
Utility 1,809 70.2 767 29.8 2,576 100.0
Van 219 45.6 261 54.4 480 100.0
Other 2 33.3 4 66.7 6 100.0
Total 6,254 53.9 5,345 46.1 11,599 100.0

Multiple-Vehicle Crashes
Passenger Car 469 7.1 6,112 92.9 6,581 100.0
Light Truck 100.0
Pickup 320 21.5 1,165 78.5 1,485 100.0
Utility 348 26.8 951 73.2 1,299 100.0
Van 108 15.7 579 84.3 687 100.0
Other 1 6.3 15 93.8 16 100.0
Total 1,246 12.4 8,822 87.6 10,068 100.0
All Crashes
Passenger Car 3,009 24.5 9,262 75.5 12,271 100.0
Light Truck 100.0
Pickup 2,004 46.3 2,328 53.7 4,332 100.0
Utility 2,157 55.7 1,718 44.3 3,875 100.0
Van 327 28.0 840 72.0 1,167 100.0
Other 3 13.6 19 86.4 22 100.0
Total 7,500 34.6 14,167 65.4 21,667 100.0

142 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 91
Motorcyclists Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week
Day of Week

Weekday Weekend Total

Time of Day Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Motorcyclists Killed
Midnight to 3 am 176 6.8 272 11.6 448 9.0
3 am to 6 am 107 4.1 88 3.8 195 3.9
6 am to 9 am 213 8.2 61 2.6 274 5.5
9 am to Noon 227 8.7 197 8.4 424 8.6
Noon to 3 pm 428 16.5 343 14.6 771 15.6
3 pm to 6 pm 670 25.8 476 20.3 1,146 23.1
6 pm to 9 pm 426 16.4 534 22.8 960 19.4
9 pm to Midnight 341 13.1 360 15.4 701 14.1
Unknown 12 0.5 14 0.6 38 0.8
Total 2,600 100.0 2,345 100.0 *4,957 100.0

Motorcyclists Injured
Midnight to 3 am 1,000 2.4 2,000 6.1 4,000 3.9
3 am to 6 am 1,000 1.9 1,000 2.0 2,000 1.9
6 am to 9 am 5,000 8.7 1,000 2.5 6,000 6.2
9 am to Noon 6,000 11.4 5,000 14.2 12,000 12.5
Noon to 3 pm 11,000 19.7 8,000 20.7 19,000 20.1
3 pm to 6 pm 17,000 30.2 7,000 18.2 24,000 25.4
6 pm to 9 pm 10,000 18.7 8,000 21.4 18,000 19.8
9 pm to Midnight 4,000 6.9 5,000 14.8 9,000 10.1
Total 56,000 100.0 37,000 100.0 93,000 100.0
*Includes 12 motorcyclists killed on unknown day of week.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

143
 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 26
Average Number of Motorcyclists Killed per Hour, by Time of Day and Day of Week
Time of Day Weekdays Weekends

12:00 to 12:59 am
1:00 to 1:59 am
2:00 to 2:59 am
3:00 to 3:59 am
4:00 to 4:59 am
5:00 to 5:59 am
6:00 to 6:59 am
7:00 to 7:59 am
8:00 to 8:59 am
9:00 to 9:59 am
10:00 to 10:59 am
11:00 to 11:59 am
12:00 to 12:59 pm
1:00 to 1:59 pm
2:00 to 2:59 pm
3:00 to 3:59 pm
4:00 to 4:59 pm
5:00 to 5:59 pm
6:00 to 6:59 pm
7:00 to 7:59 pm
8:00 to 8:59 pm
9:00 to 9:59 pm
10:00 to 10:59 pm
11:00 to 11:59 pm

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Average Number of Motorcyclists Killed per Hour

Note: Motorcyclists include motorcycle riders (operators) and passengers.

144 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 92
Motorcyclists Killed, by Person Type and Helmet Use
Helmet Use

Used Not Used Unknown Total

Person Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Riders 2,637 57.0 1,868 40.4 120 2.6 4,625 100.0
Passengers 152 45.8 168 50.6 12 3.6 332 100.0
Total 2,789 56.3 2,036 41.1 132 2.7 4,957 100.0

Table 93
Motorcycle Riders Involved in Fatal Crashes, by Age and License Compliance
License Compliance

No Motorcycle No Valid Valid

Age License Motorcycle Motorcycle
(Years) Not Licensed Required License License Unknown Total
<16 8 4 0 2 0 14
16-20 18 4 58 127 1 208
21-24 19 2 161 319 3 504
25-34 51 7 334 663 8 1,063
35-44 30 13 211 657 8 919
45-54 17 24 183 879 9 1,112
55-64 10 9 87 773 12 891
65-74 4 4 23 263 6 300
>74 3 2 1 56 1 63
Unknown 0 0 0 0 1 1
Total 160 69 1,058 3,739 49 5,075

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

145
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 94
Pedestrians Killed in School Bus Related Crashes, by Age and Striking Vehicle
Vehicle Type
Age
(Years) Bus Other Vehicle Total
<5 0 0 0
5-9 1 0 1
10-15 3 4 7
>15 14 5 19
Total 18 9 27

Table 95
Persons Killed or Injured in School Bus Related Crashes, by Person Type
Killed Injured

Person Type Number Percent Number Percent

School Bus Driver 6 4.6 1,000 9.1
School Bus Passenger 8 6.1 2,000 23.9
Pedestrian 27 20.6 * 2.7
Pedalcyclist 3 2.3 * 0.1
Occupant of Other Vehicle 87 66.4 6,000 63.7
Other Nonoccupants 0 0.0 * 0.6
Total 131 100.0 9,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

146 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 96
Pedestrians Killed or Injured, by Age and Location
Location

Intersection Nonintersection Other Total

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Pedestrians Killed
<5 14 16.5 53 62.4 18 21.2 85 100.0
5-9 13 17.3 50 66.7 9 12.0 75 100.0
10-15 32 24.2 81 61.4 18 13.6 132 100.0
16-20 50 18.9 189 71.3 24 9.1 265 100.0
21-24 44 12.4 268 75.5 40 11.3 355 100.0
25-34 89 13.2 511 75.9 67 10.0 673 100.0
35-44 84 14.5 434 74.8 58 10.0 580 100.0
45-54 164 18.3 640 71.5 84 9.4 895 100.0
55-64 165 22.8 478 66.0 78 10.8 724 100.0
65-74 110 25.1 284 64.7 43 9.8 439 100.0
>74 164 33.1 293 59.1 36 7.3 496 100.0
Unknown 4 16.7 20 83.3 0 0.0 24 100.0
Total 933 19.7 3,301 69.6 475 10.0 *4,743 100.0
Pedestrians Injured
<5 ** 7.7 1,000 84.4 ** 7.9 2,000 100.0
5-9 1,000 22.2 3,000 70.5 ** 7.2 4,000 100.0
10-15 3,000 34.8 3,000 42.4 2,000 22.5 8,000 100.0
16-20 4,000 56.7 2,000 30.6 1,000 11.1 8,000 100.0
21-24 3,000 48.9 2,000 33.8 1,000 12.6 7,000 100.0
25-34 5,000 38.2 6,000 47.3 1,000 11.6 12,000 100.0
35-44 4,000 30.8 6,000 48.2 2,000 20.3 12,000 100.0
45-54 4,000 40.7 4,000 44.6 1,000 11.7 10,000 100.0
55-64 4,000 57.0 2,000 29.3 1,000 10.5 8,000 100.0
65-74 2,000 53.2 2,000 38.7 ** 4.5 4,000 100.0
>74 2,000 73.7 ** 14.5 ** 11.8 3,000 100.0
Total 32,000 42.2 32,000 42.5 10,000 13.3 ***76,000 100.0
*Includes 34 pedestrians killed at unknown locations.
**Less than 500.
***Includes 2,000 pedestrians injured at unknown locations.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

147
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 97
Pedestrians Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex
Male Female Total

Age Population Population Population

(Years) Killed (Thousands) Rate Killed (Thousands) Rate Killed (Thousands) Rate
<5 53 10,216 0.52 32 9,783 0.33 85 19,999 0.43
5-9 43 10,459 0.41 32 10,016 0.32 75 20,476 0.37
10-15 75 12,686 0.59 57 12,128 0.47 132 24,813 0.53
16-20 191 11,179 1.71 74 10,581 0.70 265 21,760 1.22
21-24 250 9,214 2.71 105 8,825 1.19 355 18,039 1.97
25-34 483 21,339 2.26 190 20,971 0.91 673 42,309 1.59
35-44 414 20,174 2.05 166 20,343 0.82 580 40,516 1.43
45-54 654 21,807 3.00 241 22,462 1.07 895 44,269 2.02
55-64 514 18,603 2.76 210 19,983 1.05 724 38,586 1.88
65-74 300 11,203 2.68 138 12,783 1.08 439 23,985 1.83
>74 290 7,612 3.81 205 11,548 1.78 496 19,160 2.59
Unknown 18 * * 4 * * 24 * *
Total 3,285 154,492 2.13 1,454 159,422 0.91 **4,743 313,914 1.51

Male Female Total

Age Population Population Population

(Years) Injured (Thousands) Rate Injured (Thousands) Rate Injured (Thousands) Rate
<5 1,000 10,216 12 *** 9,783 5 2,000 19,999 9
5-9 2,000 10,459 22 2,000 10,016 19 4,000 20,476 20
10-15 4,000 12,686 34 3,000 12,128 27 8,000 24,813 31
16-20 4,000 11,179 34 4,000 10,581 36 8,000 21,760 35
21-24 2,000 9,214 26 4,000 8,825 49 7,000 18,039 37
25-34 7,000 21,339 33 5,000 20,971 24 12,000 42,309 29
35-44 8,000 20,174 37 4,000 20,343 20 12,000 40,516 29
45-54 6,000 21,807 27 4,000 22,462 18 10,000 44,269 23
55-64 4,000 18,603 23 4,000 19,983 18 8,000 38,586 20
65-74 2,000 11,203 20 2,000 12,783 15 4,000 23,985 17
>74 1,000 7,612 18 1,000 11,548 10 3,000 19,160 13
Total 42,000 154,492 27 34,000 159,422 21 76,000 313,914 24
*Not applicable.
**Includes 4 pedestrian fatalities of unknown sex.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Population—Bureau of the Census.

148 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 98
Pedestrians Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week
Day of Week

Weekday Weekend Total

Time of Day Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Pedestrians Killed
Midnight to 3 am 188 6.9 389 19.2 577 12.2
3 am to 6 am 200 7.4 252 12.4 452 9.5
6 am to 9 am 357 13.2 80 3.9 437 9.2
9 am to Noon 180 6.6 55 2.7 235 5.0
Noon to 3 pm 215 7.9 64 3.2 279 5.9
3 pm to 6 pm 370 13.7 103 5.1 473 10.0
6 pm to 9 pm 677 25.0 531 26.2 1,208 25.5
9 pm to Midnight 517 19.1 548 27.0 1,065 22.5
Unknown 4 0.1 5 0.2 17 0.4
Total 2,708 100.0 2,027 100.0 *4,743 100.0

Pedestrians Injured
Midnight to 3 am 1,000 2.6 2,000 8.1 3,000 4.4
3 am to 6 am 1,000 2.2 2,000 7.1 3,000 3.8
6 am to 9 am 9,000 17.8 1,000 2.4 10,000 12.8
9 am to Noon 6,000 12.4 2,000 8.5 8,000 11.1
Noon to 3 pm 6,000 10.8 3,000 11.5 8,000 11.0
3 pm to 6 pm 13,000 24.5 3,000 13.9 16,000 21.1
6 pm to 9 pm 11,000 20.9 8,000 30.8 18,000 24.2
9 pm to Midnight 4,000 8.6 4,000 17.7 9,000 11.6
Total 51,000 100.0 25,000 100.0 76,000 100.0
*Includes 8 pedestrians killed at unknown time of day and day of week.
**Less than 500.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

149
 Chapter 4 � People
Figure 27
Average Number of Pedestrians Killed per Hour, by Time of Day and Day of Week
Time of Day Weekdays Weekends

12:00 to 12:59 am
1:00 to 1:59 am
2:00 to 2:59 am
3:00 to 3:59 am
4:00 to 4:59 am
5:00 to 5:59 am
6:00 to 6:59 am
7:00 to 7:59 am
8:00 to 8:59 am
9:00 to 9:59 am
10:00 to 10:59 am
11:00 to 11:59 am
12:00 to 12:59 pm
1:00 to 1:59 pm
2:00 to 2:59 pm
3:00 to 3:59 pm
4:00 to 4:59 pm
5:00 to 5:59 pm
6:00 to 6:59 pm
7:00 to 7:59 pm
8:00 to 8:59 pm
9:00 to 9:59 pm
10:00 to 10:59 pm
11:00 to 11:59 pm

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Average Number of Pedestrians Killed per Hour

150 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 99
Pedestrians Killed or Injured in Single-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Type
and Initial Point of Impact
Initial Point of Impact

Front Right Side Left Side Rear Other/Unknown Total

Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Pedestrians Killed
Passenger Car 1,692 90.4 47 2.5 31 1.7 18 1.0 83 4.4 1,871 100.0
Light Truck 1,530 88.9 38 2.2 35 2.0 38 2.2 81 4.7 1,722 100.0
Large Truck 175 72.3 20 8.3 6 2.5 17 7.0 24 9.9 242 100.0
Bus 47 69.1 5 7.4 3 4.4 2 2.9 11 16.2 68 100.0
Other/Unknown 208 56.5 4 1.1 2 0.5 0 0.0 154 41.8 368 100.0
Total 3,652 85.5 114 2.7 77 1.8 75 1.8 353 8.3 4,271 100.0
Pedestrians Injured
Passenger Car 32,000 75.2 4,000 10.1 3,000 6.7 3,000 6.5 1,000 1.5 43,000 100.0
Light Truck 19,000 68.6 5,000 16.3 2,000 6.3 2,000 7.4 * 1.5 28,000 100.0
Other 2,000 55.5 1,000 20.5 * 12.4 * 10.9 * 0.8 3,000 100.0
Total 53,000 71.9 9,000 12.8 5,000 6.8 5,000 7.0 1,000 1.5 73,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

Table 100
Pedestrians Killed, by Related Factors
Factors Number Percent
Failure to yield right of way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,251 26.4

Not visible (dark clothing, no lighting, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 16.4

Improper crossing of roadway or intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 16.3

In roadway improperly (standing, lying, working, playing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 15.0

Under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 14.7

Darting or running into road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 14.4

Failure to obey traffic signs, signals, or officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 4.0

Inattentive (talking, eating, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 2.2

Physical impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 1.8

Wrong-way walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 1.6

Emotional (e.g. depression, angry, disturbed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1.1

Entering/exiting parked/standing vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 0.8

Traveling on prohibited trafficways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 0.7

Ill, blackout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
0.4
Vision obscured (by rain, snow, parked vehicle, sign, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0.2
Portable electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0.1

Nonmotorist pushing vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0.1

Asleep or fatigued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0.0

Other factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 5.0

None reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 13.3

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 11.8

Total Pedestrians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,743

100.0
Notes: The sum of the numbers and percentages is greater than total pedestrians killed as more than one factor may be
present for the same pedestrian.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

151
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 101
Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured, by Age and Location
Location

Intersection Nonintersection Other Total

Age
(Years) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Pedalcyclists Killed
<5 0 0.0 2 100.0 0 0.0 2 100.0
5-9 5 25.0 13 65.0 2 10.0 20 100.0
10-15 18 40.0 22 48.9 5 11.1 45 100.0
16-20 21 31.3 43 64.2 1 1.5 67 100.0
21-24 10 34.5 16 55.2 2 6.9 29 100.0
25-34 28 33.7 48 57.8 6 7.2 83 100.0
35-44 26 29.2 54 60.7 8 9.0 89 100.0
45-54 44 25.3 113 64.9 15 8.6 174 100.0
55-64 40 30.3 74 56.1 17 12.9 132 100.0
65-74 13 25.0 32 61.5 7 13.5 52 100.0
>74 8 27.6 17 58.6 4 13.8 29 100.0
Unknown 3 75.0 1 25.0 0 0.0 4 100.0
Total 216 29.8 435 59.9 67 9.2 *726 100.0
Pedalcyclists Injured
<5 *** 38.0 *** 62.0 *** *** *** 100.0
5-9 1,000 41.0 1,000 44.9 *** 13.3 2,000 100.0
10-15 5,000 58.3 2,000 26.6 1,000 9.5 8,000 100.0
16-20 5,000 75.6 1,000 12.5 1,000 11.2 7,000 100.0
21-24 3,000 59.4 2,000 33.3 *** 6.5 5,000 100.0
25-34 5,000 54.6 3,000 29.5 1,000 15.6 9,000 100.0
35-44 3,000 53.3 2,000 34.3 1,000 12.0 5,000 100.0
45-54 3,000 44.4 3,000 40.4 1,000 14.8 7,000 100.0
55-64 3,000 55.6 1,000 22.6 1,000 21.8 5,000 100.0
65-74 1,000 50.2 1,000 33.6 *** 16.1 2,000 100.0
>74 *** 72.3 *** 25.2 *** 2.5 1,000 100.0
Total 28,000 56.3 14,000 29.4 6,000 13.0 **49,000 100.0
*Includes 8 pedalcyclists killed at unknown locations.
**Includes 1,000 pedalcyclists killed at unknown locations.
***Less than 500.

152 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 102
Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured and Fatality and Injury Rates per 100,000 Population,
by Age and Sex
Male Female Total

Age Population Population Population

(Years) Killed (Thousands) Rate Killed (Thousands) Rate Killed (Thousands) Rate
<5 1 10,216 0.01 1 9,783 0.01 2 19,999 0.01
5-9 16 10,459 0.15 4 10,016 0.04 20 20,476 0.10
10-15 39 12,686 0.31 6 12,128 0.05 45 24,813 0.18
16-20 56 11,179 0.50 10 10,581 0.09 67 21,760 0.31
21-24 22 9,214 0.24 7 8,825 0.08 29 18,039 0.16
25-34 73 21,339 0.34 10 20,971 0.05 83 42,309 0.20
35-44 78 20,174 0.39 11 20,343 0.05 89 40,516 0.22
45-54 154 21,807 0.71 20 22,462 0.09 174 44,269 0.39
55-64 116 18,603 0.62 15 19,983 0.08 132 38,586 0.34
65-74 49 11,203 0.44 3 12,783 0.02 52 23,985 0.22
>74 26 7,612 0.34 3 11,548 0.03 29 19,160 0.15
Unknown 4 * * 0 * * 4 * *
Total 634 154,492 0.41 90 159,422 0.06 **726 313,914 0.23

Male Female Total

Age Population Population Population

(Years) Injured (Thousands) Rate Injured (Thousands) Rate Injured (Thousands) Rate
<5 *** 10,216 2 *** 9,783 **** *** 19,999 1
5-9 2,000 10,459 19 *** 10,016 2 2,000 20,476 11
10-15 7,000 12,686 56 1,000 12,128 8 8,000 24,813 32
16-20 5,000 11,179 45 2,000 10,581 14 7,000 21,760 30
21-24 4,000 9,214 39 1,000 8,825 13 5,000 18,039 26
25-34 6,000 21,339 30 2,000 20,971 10 9,000 42,309 20
35-44 4,000 20,174 21 1,000 20,343 5 5,000 40,516 13
45-54 6,000 21,807 25 1,000 22,462 6 7,000 44,269 15
55-64 4,000 18,603 20 1,000 19,983 5 5,000 38,586 13
65-74 1,000 11,203 11 *** 12,783 3 2,000 23,985 7
>74 *** 7,612 6 *** 11,548 **** 1,000 19,160 3
Total 39,000 154,492 26 10,000 159,422 6 49,000 313,914 16
*Not applicable.
**Includes 2 pedalcyclists kiiled of unknown age.
***Less than 500.
****Less than 0.5 percent.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Population—Bureau of the Census.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

153
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 103
Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured, by Time of Day and Day of Week
Day of Week

Weekday Weekend Total

Time of Day Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Pedalcyclists Killed
Midnight to 3 am 13 2.9 32 11.6 45 6.2
3 am to 6 am 23 5.1 15 5.4 38 5.2
6 am to 9 am 68 15.1 18 6.5 86 11.8
9 am to Noon 50 11.1 24 8.7 74 10.2
Noon to 3 pm 62 13.8 39 14.1 101 13.9
3 pm to 6 pm 74 16.5 24 8.7 98 13.5
6 pm to 9 pm 100 22.3 69 24.9 169 23.3
9 pm to Midnight 59 13.1 56 20.2 115 15.8
Total 449 100.0 277 100.0 726 100.0
Pedalcyclists Injured
Midnight to 3 am * 0.6 * 2.6 1,000 1.2
3 am to 6 am * 0.6 * 0.4 * 0.6
6 am to 9 am 5,000 15.7 * 2.1 6,000 11.5
9 am to Noon 5,000 13.3 2,000 14.1 7,000 13.5
Noon to 3 pm 6,000 16.5 3,000 18.4 8,000 17.1
3 pm to 6 pm 10,000 28.8 3,000 22.7 13,000 26.9
6 pm to 9 pm 6,000 18.9 4,000 28.9 11,000 22.0
9 pm to Midnight 2,000 5.7 2,000 10.8 4,000 7.3
Total 34,000 100.0 15,000 100.0 49,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

154 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 4 � People
Table 104
Pedalcyclists Killed or Injured in Single-Vehicle Crashes, by Vehicle Type
and Initial Point of Impact
Initial Point of Impact
Front Right Side Left Side Rear Other/Unknown Total
Vehicle Type Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Pedalcyclists Killed
Passenger Car 244 92.1 12 4.5 6 2.3 1 0.4 2 0.8 265 100.0
Light Truck 268 85.4 22 7.0 12 3.8 3 1.0 9 2.9 314 100.0
Large Truck 32 54.2 13 22.0 2 3.4 3 5.1 9 15.3 59 100.0
Bus 7 58.3 1 8.3 1 8.3 1 8.3 2 16.7 12 100.0
Other/Unknown 18 43.9 1 2.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 22 53.7 41 100.0
Total 569 82.3 49 7.1 21 3.0 8 1.2 44 6.4 691 100.0

Pedalcyclists Injured
Passenger Car 23,000 72.5 6,000 19.9 1,000 4.2 1,000 3.3 * 0.1 31,000 100.0
Light Truck 11,000 68.8 3,000 19.9 1,000 6.8 1,000 4.4 * 0.1 16,000 100.0
Other 1,000 45.5 1,000 34.4 * 8.3 * 11.9 * * 2,000 100.0
Total 34,000 70.4 10,000 20.3 3,000 5.2 2,000 4.0 * 0.1 49,000 100.0
*Less than 500.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

155
 Chapter 4 � People
Table 105
Pedalcyclists Killed, by Related Factors
Factors Number Percent
Failure to yield right of way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
27.3
Not visible (dark clothing, no lighting, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 10.2
Under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 10.2

Failure to obey traffic signs, signals, or officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 8.8

Wrong-way riding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6.9

Darting or running into road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.4

Making improper turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.5

Improper crossing of roadway or intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.0

Operating without required equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.0

Inattentive (talking, eating, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4

Failing to have lights on when required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.6

Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.1

Riding on wrong side of the road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.8

Improper or erratic lane changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.5

Making improper entry or exit from trafficway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.4

Physical impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0.6

Vision obscured (reflected glare, parked vehicle, sign, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0.6

Erratic, reckless, careless, or negligent operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.4

Ill, blackout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.4

Traveling on prohibited trafficways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.4

Improper passing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0.3

In roadway improperly (standing, lying, working, playing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0.3

Emotional (e.g. depression, angry, disturbed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.1

Passing with insufficient distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.1

Portable electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.1

Other factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.1

None reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 21.8

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 15.4

Total Pedalcyclists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 100.0

Notes: The sum of the numbers and percentages is greater than total pedalcyclists killed as more than one factor may be
present for the same pedalcyclist.

156 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5

STATES

 CHAPTER 5 � STATES

F atal crash and fatality statistics for each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico are
presented in this chapter. Several tables display State fatality rates based on population, licensed drivers, and
registered vehicles. The last three tables describe each State’s occupant restraint laws, motorcycle helmet laws, and
driver’s blood alcohol concentration laws. Below are some of the State statistics you will find in this chapter:

O Traffic fatalities increased by 3 percent from 2011 to 2012 for the Nation as a whole. Thirteen States, the
District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico showed decreases, ranging from less than 1 percent to as much as 18
percent.

O The pedestrian fatality rate per 100,000 population was 1.51 for the Nation. Delaware had the highest rate
(2.94), and South Dakota, with two pedestrian fatalities, had the lowest rate (0.24).

O About 2.2 percent of all traffic crash fatalities in 2012 were pedalcyclists. The District of Columbia, Nebraska,
New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming reported no pedalcyclists killed.

O In 2012, all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico had seat belt use laws. All 50 States, the
District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico also had laws requiring children of certain ages to be restrained in child
safety seats.

O Motorcycle helmets were required for all riders in 19 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2012.
Twenty-eight States had helmet requirements with exceptions (age, rider type, roadway type), and three States
(Illinois, Iowa, and New Hampshire) did not require helmets at all.

O In 2012, it was a criminal offense to operate a motor vehicle at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 g/dL
or above in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

159
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 106
2012 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 2011
Fatalities Fatalities

Percent Percent
State 2011 2012 Change State 2011 2012 Change
AL 895 865 -3 NE 181 212 +17
AK 72 59 -18 NV 246 258 +5
AZ 826 825 -0 NH 90 108 +20

AR 551 552 +0 NJ 627 589 -6

CA 2,816 2,857 +1 NM 350 365 +4
CO 447 472 +6 NY 1,171 1,168 -0

CT 221 236 +7 NC 1,230 1,292 +5

DE 99 114 +15 ND 148 170 +15
DC 27 15 -44 OH 1,017 1,123 +10

FL 2,400 2,424 +1 OK 696 708 +2

GA 1,226 1,192 -3 OR 331 336 +2
HI 100 126 +26 PA 1,286 1,310 +2

ID 167 184 +10 RI 66 64 -3

IL 918 956 +4 SC 828 863 +4
IN 751 779 +4 SD 111 133 +20

IA 360 365 +1 TN 937 1,014 +8

KS 386 405 +5 TX 3,054 3,398 +11
KY 720 746 +4 UT 243 217 -11

LA 680 722 +6 VT 55 77 +40

ME 136 164 +21 VA 764 777 +2
MD 485 505 +4 WA 454 444 -2

MA 374 349 -7 WV 338 339 +0

MI 889 938 +6 WI 582 615 +6
MN 368 395 +7 WY 135 123 -9

MS 630 582 -8 USA 32,479 33,561 +3

MO 786 826 +5
MT 209 205 -2 PR 361 347 -4

160 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States

Figure 28
2012 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 2011

>5% Increase 0-5% Increase Decrease

WA
NH ME
444 VT
108 164
-2% MT ND 77
+20% +21%
205 170 MN +40%
OR -2% +15% 395
NY MA
336 ID +7%
SD WI 1,168 349
+2% 184 133 615 MI -0% -7%
+10% WY 938
123 +20% +6%
+6% PA RI
-9% IA 1,310 64
NE CT
NV 365 OH +2% NJ -3%
212 IN 236
+1%
258 UT +17%
IL 779 1,123 589 +7%
+5% 217 CO 956 +4% +10% WV -6%
CA -11% 472 KS MO +4% 339 DE
2,857 +6% 405 826 KY +0% VA 114
+1% +5% +5% 746 777
+15%
TN +4% +2% MD
AZ OK 505
NM 1,014 NC
825 AR
-0% 365 708
552
+8% 1,292 +4%
+2% SC +5%
+4% +0% GA DC
MS AL 863
1,192 15
582 865 +4%
TX -3% -44%
3,398 LA -8% -3%
+11% 722
AK +6%
FL
59 2,424
-18% +1%

USA
33,561 PR
347
HI +3% -4%
126
+26%

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

161
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 107
Fatal Crashes, by State and First Harmful Event
First Harmful Event
Collision with Non-Collision
Motor Vehicle Total
in Transport Nonoccupant Fixed Object Object Not Fixed Overturn Other Fatal Crashes
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 313 38.7 78 9.6 326 40.3 20 2.5 68 8.4 4 0.5 809 100.0
AK 23 42.6 9 16.7 9 16.7 5 9.3 8 14.8 0 0.0 54 100.0
AZ 235 31.7 145 19.5 177 23.9 12 1.6 137 18.5 21 2.8 742 100.0

AR 180 36.2 46 9.3 183 36.8 13 2.6 64 12.9 11 2.2 497 100.0
CA 811 30.8 722 27.4 728 27.7 85 3.2 265 10.1 21 0.8 2,632 100.0
CO 143 33.0 77 17.8 116 26.8 8 1.8 86 19.9 3 0.7 433 100.0

CT 81 36.7 40 18.1 81 36.7 6 2.7 12 5.4 1 0.5 221 100.0

DE 31 28.7 30 27.8 40 37.0 3 2.8 4 3.7 0 0.0 108 100.0
DC 4 28.6 5 35.7 4 28.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 7.1 14 100.0

FL 829 36.9 579 25.8 579 25.8 32 1.4 194 8.6 34 1.5 2,247 100.0
GA 417 37.0 176 15.6 427 37.9 22 2.0 79 7.0 5 0.4 1,126 100.0
HI 43 37.4 26 22.6 36 31.3 5 4.3 2 1.7 3 2.6 115 100.0

ID 57 33.7 15 8.9 38 22.5 8 4.7 51 30.2 0 0.0 169 100.0

IL 344 38.8 163 18.4 297 33.5 29 3.3 42 4.7 11 1.2 886 100.0
IN 306 42.6 74 10.3 241 33.6 30 4.2 52 7.2 15 2.1 718 100.0

IA 133 40.3 23 7.0 97 29.4 11 3.3 64 19.4 2 0.6 330 100.0

KS 142 38.6 32 8.7 129 35.1 12 3.3 49 13.3 4 1.1 368 100.0
KY 248 35.7 56 8.1 315 45.4 11 1.6 61 8.8 3 0.4 694 100.0

LA 221 33.9 134 20.6 227 34.8 17 2.6 46 7.1 7 1.1 652 100.0
ME 56 37.1 10 6.6 79 52.3 2 1.3 4 2.6 0 0.0 151 100.0
MD 181 39.7 96 21.1 145 31.8 11 2.4 19 4.2 3 0.7 456 100.0

MA 84 25.2 86 25.8 135 40.5 11 3.3 11 3.3 6 1.8 333 100.0

MI 372 42.6 139 15.9 252 28.9 17 1.9 86 9.9 7 0.8 873 100.0
MN 149 42.7 45 12.9 97 27.8 17 4.9 35 10.0 4 1.1 349 100.0

MS 157 31.0 52 10.3 237 46.7 8 1.6 53 10.5 0 0.0 507 100.0
MO 259 34.0 86 11.3 308 40.4 26 3.4 78 10.2 5 0.7 762 100.0
MT 46 24.0 8 4.2 73 38.0 6 3.1 57 29.7 2 1.0 192 100.0

NE 80 42.1 14 7.4 52 27.4 6 3.2 37 19.5 1 0.5 190 100.0

NV 73 31.1 54 23.0 58 24.7 10 4.3 38 16.2 2 0.9 235 100.0
NH 31 30.7 9 8.9 47 46.5 1 1.0 8 7.9 5 5.0 101 100.0

162 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 107
Fatal Crashes, by State and First Harmful Event (Continued)
First Harmful Event
Collision with Non-Collision
Motor Vehicle Total
in Transport Nonoccupant Fixed Object Object Not Fixed Overturn Other Fatal Crashes
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
NJ 175 31.6 160 28.9 170 30.7 17 3.1 22 4.0 9 1.6 553 100.0
NM 105 31.1 65 19.2 65 19.2 4 1.2 94 27.8 4 1.2 338 100.0
NY 364 33.5 332 30.6 322 29.7 29 2.7 29 2.7 9 0.8 1,085 100.0

NC 413 33.8 216 17.7 477 39.0 17 1.4 87 7.1 12 1.0 1,222 100.0
ND 66 44.9 8 5.4 28 19.0 4 2.7 41 27.9 0 0.0 147 100.0
OH 431 42.1 121 11.8 382 37.3 32 3.1 44 4.3 14 1.4 1,024 100.0

OK 227 35.4 69 10.7 223 34.7 9 1.4 108 16.8 6 0.9 642 100.0
OR 103 33.8 69 22.6 83 27.2 5 1.6 38 12.5 5 1.6 305 100.0
PA 439 36.3 171 14.1 491 40.5 39 3.2 48 4.0 22 1.8 1,211 100.0

RI 19 30.6 6 9.7 35 56.5 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 1.6 62 100.0

SC 284 35.2 123 15.3 313 38.8 18 2.2 62 7.7 6 0.7 806 100.0
SD 45 38.1 2 1.7 20 16.9 4 3.4 47 39.8 0 0.0 118 100.0

TN 344 37.1 65 7.0 423 45.6 14 1.5 67 7.2 15 1.6 928 100.0
TX 1,157 38.3 495 16.4 859 28.4 92 3.0 377 12.5 41 1.4 3,021 100.0
UT 62 31.0 32 16.0 54 27.0 11 5.5 37 18.5 4 2.0 200 100.0

VT 20 28.6 9 12.9 29 41.4 2 2.9 8 11.4 2 2.9 70 100.0

VA 214 29.9 105 14.7 334 46.6 14 2.0 34 4.7 14 2.0 716 100.0
WA 148 36.2 84 20.5 132 32.3 10 2.4 33 8.1 1 0.2 409 100.0

WV 102 32.1 30 9.4 130 40.9 7 2.2 48 15.1 1 0.3 318 100.0
WI 201 36.6 49 8.9 208 37.9 30 5.5 45 8.2 16 2.9 549 100.0
WY 38 33.9 6 5.4 36 32.1 2 1.8 30 26.8 0 0.0 112 100.0

USA 11,006 35.7 5,246 17.0 10,347 33.6 805 2.6 3,009 9.8 363 1.2 *30,800 100.0

PR 87 26.0 128 38.2 96 28.7 5 1.5 7 2.1 12 3.6 335 100.0

*Total includes 24 crashes with unknown first harmful event.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

163
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 108
Fatal Crashes, by State and Roadway Function Class
Roadway Function Class

Principal Arterial

Interstate Total
Freeway and Minor Fatal
State Rural Urban Expressway Other Arterial Collector Local Unknown Crashes

AL 37 48 70 133 199 203 106 13 809

AK 18 2 5 6 8 11 4 0 54
AZ 87 44 30 182 132 129 132 6 742

AR 26 23 7 131 100 108 84 18 497

CA 117 204 243 892 563 408 204 1 2,632
CO 37 19 19 163 84 71 40 0 433

CT 12 35 14 37 37 21 62 3 221
DE 0 9 0 38 11 21 28 1 108
DC 0 1 0 0 0 0 13 0 14

FL 20 249 43 744 266 31 891 3 2,247

GA 60 88 13 239 294 240 192 0 1,126
HI 0 8 2 31 32 28 14 0 115

ID 19 4 3 46 20 50 13 14 169
IL 45 51 19 216 196 199 158 2 886
IN 52 25 0 0 119 199 323 0 718

IA 20 8 1 75 48 79 99 0 330
KS 43 2 0 102 78 65 78 0 368
KY 41 23 4 157 93 249 127 0 694

LA 33 58 2 134 149 201 73 2 652

ME 3 0 0 23 50 0 75 0 151
MD 1 57 24 126 98 89 55 6 456

MA 1 29 48 58 26 4 141 26 333
MI 14 73 20 210 228 184 136 8 873
MN 10 6 8 75 109 96 44 1 349

MS 31 3 20 97 71 210 74 1 507
MO 29 57 37 193 145 196 103 2 762
MT 30 3 0 50 30 52 24 3 192

NE 13 5 1 54 41 25 51 0 190
NV 18 15 5 69 43 12 60 13 235
NH 6 6 0 17 4 25 43 0 101

164 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 108
Fatal Crashes, by State and Roadway Function Class (Continued)
Roadway Function Class

Principal Arterial

Interstate Total
Freeway and Minor Fatal
State Rural Urban Expressway Other Arterial Collector Local Unknown Crashes

NJ 3 59 42 186 132 51 78 2 553

NM 66 9 1 121 28 9 45 59 338
NY 41 26 9 336 179 111 383 0 1,085

NC 50 30 25 255 358 194 307 3 1,222

ND 5 2 0 58 25 33 24 0 147
OH 40 61 13 192 182 307 198 31 1,024

OK 41 39 12 123 97 172 158 0 642

OR 16 1 1 119 67 76 25 0 305
PA 52 60 39 296 289 254 221 0 1,211

RI 2 10 6 14 5 1 24 0 62
SC 59 28 4 181 178 264 47 45 806
SD 16 1 0 21 30 31 19 0 118

TN 49 63 5 218 223 226 144 0 928

TX 151 294 218 698 377 473 794 16 3,021
UT 23 21 2 43 54 0 57 0 200

VT 6 1 1 13 15 21 13 0 70
VA 29 61 8 182 150 184 75 27 716
WA 22 18 11 123 96 92 42 5 409

WV 25 8 1 82 70 86 45 1 318
WI 16 10 12 158 128 125 100 0 549
WY 21 5 0 38 14 17 14 3 112

USA 1,556 1,962 1,048 7,755 5,971 5,933 6,260 315 30,800

PR 28 26 2 80 95 70 34 0 335

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

165
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 109
Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class
Roadway Function Class

Principal Arterial

Interstate
Freeway and Minor Total
State Rural Urban Expressway Other Arterial Collector Local Unknown Fatalities

AL 43 50 71 144 216 218 109 14 865

AK 21 2 5 6 9 12 4 0 59
AZ 104 47 31 203 151 141 142 6 825

AR 30 24 9 154 113 117 86 19 552

CA 138 223 260 990 601 432 212 1 2,857
CO 46 20 20 174 89 81 42 0 472

CT 15 38 16 40 38 22 64 3 236
DE 0 9 0 41 13 22 28 1 114
DC 0 1 0 0 0 0 14 0 15

FL 29 277 50 813 291 33 928 3 2,424

GA 65 96 14 259 310 249 199 0 1,192
HI 0 9 2 33 36 32 14 0 126

ID 22 5 3 49 22 55 13 15 184
IL 51 59 19 236 208 208 173 2 956
IN 59 26 0 0 133 218 343 0 779

IA 25 9 1 89 53 86 102 0 365
KS 59 2 0 110 88 67 79 0 405
KY 47 24 4 172 98 266 135 0 746

LA 38 69 2 147 159 225 80 2 722

ME 3 0 0 25 57 0 79 0 164
MD 1 65 29 137 112 98 57 6 505

MA 1 30 49 63 26 4 149 27 349
MI 14 79 22 228 247 199 141 8 938
MN 14 7 9 87 120 110 47 1 395

MS 35 4 26 116 88 236 76 1 582

MO 33 61 39 211 163 208 109 2 826
MT 35 3 0 51 32 55 25 4 205

NE 18 5 1 63 44 25 56 0 212
NV 18 19 5 76 47 12 68 13 258
NH 7 6 0 18 4 27 46 0 108

166 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 109
Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class (Continued)
Roadway Function Class

Principal Arterial

Interstate
Freeway and Minor Total
State Rural Urban Expressway Other Arterial Collector Local Unknown Fatalities

NJ 4 66 43 196 141 54 83 2 589

NM 71 10 1 133 29 9 47 65 365
NY 45 31 10 372 186 120 404 0 1,168

NC 54 31 26 272 375 206 325 3 1,292

ND 8 7 0 64 27 38 26 0 170
OH 46 71 14 209 193 338 221 31 1,123

OK 47 43 12 138 117 185 166 0 708

OR 24 1 1 130 73 76 31 0 336
PA 61 64 43 326 309 274 233 0 1,310

RI 2 10 6 14 5 1 26 0 64
SC 68 29 4 199 188 281 48 46 863
SD 18 1 0 26 30 39 19 0 133

TN 56 65 5 246 243 249 150 0 1,014

TX 183 327 244 808 426 535 859 16 3,398
UT 24 23 3 46 62 0 59 0 217

VT 8 1 1 15 17 22 13 0 77
VA 30 68 9 197 163 199 83 28 777
WA 23 18 11 139 101 103 43 6 444

WV 30 9 1 90 76 87 45 1 339
WI 18 11 16 180 145 134 111 0 615
WY 23 5 0 47 14 17 14 3 123

USA 1,814 2,160 1,137 8,582 6,488 6,425 6,626 329 33,561

PR 31 27 2 84 96 72 35 0 347

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

167
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 110
Persons Killed, Licensed Drivers, Registered Vehicles, Population, and Fatality Rates
by State
Fatalities
Licensed Fatalities Registered per 100,000 Fatalities
Drivers per 100,000 Vehicles Registered Population per 100,000
State (Thousands) Drivers (Thousands) Vehicles (Thousands) Population Total Killed

AL 3,828 22.60 4,845 17.85 4,822 17.94 865

AK 526 11.21 775 7.61 731 8.07 59
AZ 4,698 17.56 5,163 15.98 6,553 12.59 825

AR 2,199 25.10 2,480 22.26 2,949 18.72 552

CA 24,201 11.81 27,702 10.31 38,041 7.51 2,857
CO 3,808 12.40 4,562 10.35 5,188 9.10 472

CT 2,486 9.49 2,706 8.72 3,590 6.57 236

DE 720 15.83 944 12.08 917 12.43 114
DC 401 3.74 322 4.65 632 2.37 15

FL 13,897 17.44 15,666 15.47 19,318 12.55 2,424

GA 6,582 18.11 7,647 15.59 9,920 12.02 1,192
HI 915 13.77 1,232 10.23 1,392 9.05 126

ID 1,093 16.83 1,644 11.19 1,596 11.53 184

IL 8,236 11.61 10,132 9.44 12,875 7.43 956
IN 5,376 14.49 6,004 12.97 6,537 11.92 779

IA 2,217 16.46 3,511 10.40 3,074 11.87 365

KS 2,018 20.07 2,449 16.54 2,886 14.03 405
KY 2,985 24.99 3,671 20.32 4,380 17.03 746

LA 2,924 24.69 3,889 18.56 4,602 15.69 722

ME 1,008 16.27 1,180 13.90 1,329 12.34 164
MD 4,102 12.31 3,983 12.68 5,885 8.58 505

MA 4,734 7.37 4,950 7.05 6,646 5.25 349

MI 7,019 13.36 7,798 12.03 9,883 9.49 938
MN 3,322 11.89 5,099 7.75 5,379 7.34 395

MS 1,958 29.72 2,052 28.36 2,985 19.50 582

MO 4,288 19.26 5,685 14.53 6,022 13.72 826
MT 758 27.05 1,489 13.77 1,005 20.40 205

NE 1,364 15.55 1,888 11.23 1,856 11.43 212

NV 1,728 14.93 2,130 12.11 2,759 9.35 258
NH 1,065 10.14 1,302 8.29 1,321 8.18 108

168 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 110
Persons Killed, Licensed Drivers, Registered Vehicles, Population, and Fatality Rates
by State (Continued)
Fatalities
Licensed Fatalities Registered per 100,000 Fatalities
Drivers per 100,000 Vehicles Registered Population per 100,000
State (Thousands) Drivers (Thousands) Vehicles (Thousands) Population Total Killed

NJ 6,040 9.75 7,911 7.44 8,865 6.64 589

NM 1,430 25.52 1,806 20.21 2,086 17.50 365
NY 11,249 10.38 10,449 11.18 19,570 5.97 1,168

NC 6,678 19.35 7,793 16.58 9,752 13.25 1,292

ND 503 33.81 810 20.98 700 24.30 170
OH 8,006 14.03 10,116 11.10 11,544 9.73 1,123

OK 2,400 29.50 3,440 20.58 3,815 18.56 708

OR 2,770 12.13 3,527 9.53 3,899 8.62 336
PA 8,843 14.81 10,471 12.51 12,764 10.26 1,310

RI 750 8.54 854 7.49 1,050 6.09 64

SC 3,456 24.97 3,897 22.15 4,724 18.27 863
SD 607 21.92 1,004 13.25 833 15.96 133

TN 4,574 22.17 5,393 18.80 6,456 15.71 1,014

TX 15,252 22.28 20,238 16.79 26,059 13.04 3,398
UT 1,789 12.13 1,981 10.95 2,855 7.60 217

VT 530 14.54 607 12.69 626 12.30 77

VA 5,538 14.03 7,117 10.92 8,186 9.49 777
WA 5,228 8.49 5,850 7.59 6,897 6.44 444

WV 1,242 27.30 1,459 23.24 1,855 18.27 339

WI 4,057 15.16 5,215 11.79 5,726 10.74 615
WY 422 29.18 799 15.39 576 21.34 123

USA 211,815 15.84 265,647 12.63 313,914 10.69 33,561

PR — — 2,647 13.11 3,667 9.46 347

Note: Some States include restricted driver licenses and graduated driver licenses in their licensed driver counts.

Sources: Fatalities—Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS); Licensed Drivers (estimated)—Federal Highway Administration; Registered

Vehicles for USA—R.L. Polk & Co. and Federal Highway Administration; Population—Bureau of the Census.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

169
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 111
Persons Killed, by State and Person Type
Person Type
Driver Passenger Motorcyclist Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Other/Unknown Total Killed
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 524 60.6 156 18.0 97 11.2 77 8.9 9 1.0 2 0.2 865 100.0
AK 26 44.1 14 23.7 9 15.3 8 13.6 1 1.7 1 1.7 59 100.0
AZ 340 41.2 175 21.2 141 17.1 122 14.8 18 2.2 29 3.5 825 100.0

AR 329 59.6 98 17.8 71 12.9 44 8.0 6 1.1 4 0.7 552 100.0

CA 1,122 39.3 506 17.7 435 15.2 612 21.4 124 4.3 58 2.0 2,857 100.0
CO 212 44.9 90 19.1 79 16.7 76 16.1 13 2.8 2 0.4 472 100.0

CT 114 48.3 39 16.5 40 16.9 36 15.3 4 1.7 3 1.3 236 100.0

DE 46 40.4 18 15.8 17 14.9 27 23.7 4 3.5 2 1.8 114 100.0
DC 1 6.7 1 6.7 4 26.7 7 46.7 0 0.0 2 13.3 15 100.0

FL 947 39.1 363 15.0 491 20.3 476 19.6 122 5.0 25 1.0 2,424 100.0
GA 663 55.6 207 17.4 134 11.2 167 14.0 17 1.4 4 0.3 1,192 100.0
HI 34 27.0 22 17.5 41 32.5 26 20.6 2 1.6 1 0.8 126 100.0

ID 105 57.1 40 21.7 22 12.0 13 7.1 2 1.1 2 1.1 184 100.0

IL 458 47.9 180 18.8 148 15.5 138 14.4 29 3.0 3 0.3 956 100.0
IN 405 52.0 135 17.3 152 19.5 59 7.6 15 1.9 13 1.7 779 100.0

IA 212 58.1 70 19.2 59 16.2 20 5.5 3 0.8 1 0.3 365 100.0

KS 237 58.5 83 20.5 48 11.9 26 6.4 7 1.7 4 1.0 405 100.0
KY 446 59.8 133 17.8 106 14.2 49 6.6 6 0.8 6 0.8 746 100.0

LA 359 49.7 135 18.7 78 10.8 118 16.3 24 3.3 8 1.1 722 100.0
ME 96 58.5 34 20.7 24 14.6 9 5.5 1 0.6 0 0.0 164 100.0
MD 239 47.3 87 17.2 77 15.2 96 19.0 5 1.0 1 0.2 505 100.0

MA 161 46.1 48 13.8 51 14.6 72 20.6 15 4.3 2 0.6 349 100.0

MI 495 52.8 150 16.0 138 14.7 129 13.8 19 2.0 7 0.7 938 100.0
MN 213 53.9 78 19.7 55 13.9 38 9.6 7 1.8 4 1.0 395 100.0

MS 369 63.4 119 20.4 39 6.7 48 8.2 4 0.7 3 0.5 582 100.0
MO 489 59.2 135 16.3 104 12.6 84 10.2 6 0.7 8 1.0 826 100.0
MT 118 57.6 48 23.4 30 14.6 8 3.9 1 0.5 0 0.0 205 100.0

NE 135 63.7 40 18.9 22 10.4 15 7.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 212 100.0

NV 101 39.1 54 20.9 42 16.3 54 20.9 3 1.2 4 1.6 258 100.0
NH 59 54.6 11 10.2 29 26.9 8 7.4 0 0.0 1 0.9 108 100.0

170 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 111
Persons Killed, by State and Person Type (Continued)
Person Type
Driver Passenger Motorcyclist Pedestrian Pedalcyclist Other/Unknown Total Killed
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
NJ 237 40.2 97 16.5 77 13.1 156 26.5 14 2.4 8 1.4 589 100.0
NM 147 40.3 85 23.3 64 17.5 61 16.7 7 1.9 1 0.3 365 100.0
NY 462 39.6 186 15.9 170 14.6 297 25.4 45 3.9 8 0.7 1,168 100.0

NC 643 49.8 220 17.0 198 15.3 197 15.2 27 2.1 7 0.5 1,292 100.0
ND 105 61.8 39 22.9 16 9.4 7 4.1 0 0.0 3 1.8 170 100.0
OH 624 55.6 198 17.6 162 14.4 115 10.2 18 1.6 6 0.5 1,123 100.0

OK 420 59.3 126 17.8 84 11.9 65 9.2 5 0.7 8 1.1 708 100.0
OR 147 43.8 68 20.2 52 15.5 55 16.4 10 3.0 4 1.2 336 100.0
PA 709 54.1 205 15.6 210 16.0 163 12.4 16 1.2 7 0.5 1,310 100.0

RI 39 60.9 10 15.6 8 12.5 5 7.8 2 3.1 0 0.0 64 100.0

SC 452 52.4 128 14.8 146 16.9 123 14.3 13 1.5 1 0.1 863 100.0
SD 72 54.1 33 24.8 25 18.8 2 1.5 0 0.0 1 0.8 133 100.0

TN 603 59.5 193 19.0 139 13.7 67 6.6 8 0.8 4 0.4 1,014 100.0
TX 1,652 48.6 731 21.5 452 13.3 478 14.1 56 1.6 29 0.9 3,398 100.0
UT 106 48.8 45 20.7 32 14.7 28 12.9 3 1.4 3 1.4 217 100.0

VT 43 55.8 11 14.3 11 14.3 10 13.0 0 0.0 2 2.6 77 100.0

VA 450 57.9 129 16.6 85 10.9 98 12.6 11 1.4 4 0.5 777 100.0
WA 197 44.4 74 16.7 83 18.7 72 16.2 12 2.7 6 1.4 444 100.0

WV 216 63.7 60 17.7 31 9.1 31 9.1 1 0.3 0 0.0 339 100.0

WI 316 51.4 123 20.0 117 19.0 45 7.3 11 1.8 3 0.5 615 100.0
WY 74 60.2 31 25.2 12 9.8 6 4.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 123 100.0

USA 16,769 50.0 6,061 18.1 4,957 14.8 4,743 14.1 726 2.2 305 0.9 33,561 100.0

PR 127 36.6 41 11.8 50 14.4 110 31.7 14 4.0 5 1.4 347 100.0

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

171
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 112
Persons Killed, by State and Age Group
Age Group (Years)
State <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Unknown Total Killed
AL 13 9 12 100 73 164 131 106 123 77 56 1 865
AK 0 2 1 6 7 13 4 9 9 4 4 0 59
AZ 9 12 27 82 87 148 110 121 109 52 64 4 825

AR 6 10 13 47 54 102 76 79 77 43 45 0 552
CA 33 30 39 264 315 546 343 466 374 193 250 4 2,857
CO 3 5 8 47 54 77 62 72 68 36 40 0 472

CT 1 1 3 15 24 47 32 29 38 20 25 1 236
DE 1 0 2 9 5 32 14 23 8 6 14 0 114
DC 0 0 1 3 0 4 1 3 2 0 1 0 15

FL 12 15 39 207 239 408 301 414 335 198 252 4 2,424

GA 18 21 11 100 119 215 177 186 148 99 92 6 1,192
HI 2 0 2 16 10 25 20 15 18 11 7 0 126

ID 2 3 4 17 15 29 26 30 21 16 21 0 184
IL 12 12 17 91 116 179 122 129 116 64 98 0 956
IN 14 6 11 88 78 136 102 106 97 63 76 2 779

IA 4 3 7 31 35 58 61 42 57 27 40 0 365
KS 7 5 14 46 36 61 51 60 41 35 49 0 405
KY 10 9 14 69 54 149 128 103 93 62 55 0 746

LA 7 13 22 70 66 143 106 118 79 54 42 2 722

ME 1 0 3 21 20 26 16 26 16 12 23 0 164
MD 3 4 11 56 47 98 59 84 66 36 38 3 505

MA 3 3 2 39 38 53 38 47 43 28 55 0 349
MI 13 9 17 95 117 157 112 124 127 84 83 0 938
MN 3 2 11 46 37 68 48 56 43 36 45 0 395

MS 14 9 14 50 69 100 79 87 59 54 46 1 582
MO 13 6 10 84 98 138 121 142 89 60 65 0 826
MT 1 3 7 20 22 42 28 30 30 16 6 0 205

NE 7 1 9 32 21 36 20 32 20 15 19 0 212
NV 2 4 3 26 25 36 23 34 51 39 15 0 258
NH 0 1 1 13 9 12 11 21 17 12 11 0 108

172 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 112
Persons Killed, by State and Age Group (Continued)
Age Group (Years)
State <5 5-9 10-15 16-20 21-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >74 Unknown Total Killed
NJ 2 7 10 50 68 100 65 89 76 53 67 2 589
NM 6 2 4 29 32 58 59 70 40 32 31 2 365
NY 12 7 27 95 122 180 133 189 139 113 143 8 1,168

NC 22 14 27 112 112 219 193 220 168 112 92 1 1,292

ND 1 3 5 19 15 32 34 22 19 11 9 0 170
OH 13 11 9 111 106 173 163 187 141 100 109 0 1,123

OK 2 3 10 59 62 153 117 97 95 61 49 0 708

OR 3 1 5 25 24 55 38 48 72 36 29 0 336
PA 11 9 23 146 156 207 153 205 146 117 137 0 1,310

RI 1 0 1 5 6 10 11 15 5 5 5 0 64
SC 6 7 15 87 85 157 119 152 114 57 61 3 863
SD 4 4 3 13 12 22 21 19 16 11 8 0 133

TN 11 5 13 103 104 148 146 167 142 93 82 0 1,014

TX 68 49 89 329 370 689 496 498 395 228 173 14 3,398
UT 6 3 6 21 21 38 35 33 30 9 15 0 217

VT 1 0 1 4 12 12 6 12 15 6 8 0 77
VA 8 7 8 80 76 121 98 132 110 65 71 1 777
WA 4 4 7 42 46 68 77 62 58 33 41 2 444

WV 4 3 6 24 31 60 53 50 46 34 28 0 339
WI 3 6 9 69 70 76 77 113 71 54 67 0 615
WY 3 2 0 11 16 22 18 10 25 10 6 0 123

USA 405 345 613 3,224 3,436 5,902 4,534 5,184 4,297 2,692 2,868 61 33,561

PR 2 2 5 32 39 63 40 46 44 36 22 16 347

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

173
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 113
Occupants Killed, by State and Vehicle Type
Vehicle Type
Total
Passenger Occupants
Cars Light Trucks Large Trucks Buses Other Vehicles Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Killed
State No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
AL 370 47.5 278 35.7 17 2.2 0 0.0 17 2.2 0 0.0 682 87.5 97 12.5 779 100.0
AK 23 46.9 16 32.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.0 0 0.0 40 81.6 9 18.4 49 100.0
AZ 220 32.6 251 37.2 11 1.6 0 0.0 16 2.4 36 5.3 534 79.1 141 20.9 675 100.0

AR 211 42.1 187 37.3 16 3.2 0 0.0 15 3.0 1 0.2 430 85.8 71 14.2 501 100.0
CA 1,008 48.7 568 27.4 39 1.9 4 0.2 14 0.7 2 0.1 1,635 79.0 435 21.0 2,070 100.0
CO 148 38.8 139 36.5 14 3.7 1 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 302 79.3 79 20.7 381 100.0

CT 113 58.2 40 20.6 1 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 154 79.4 40 20.6 194 100.0
DE 43 53.1 18 22.2 3 3.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 64 79.0 17 21.0 81 100.0
DC 1 12.5 3 37.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 50.0 4 50.0 8 100.0

FL 757 41.9 498 27.5 29 1.6 2 0.1 30 1.7 1 0.1 1,317 72.8 491 27.2 1,808 100.0
GA 453 45.1 376 37.5 24 2.4 0 0.0 17 1.7 0 0.0 870 86.7 134 13.3 1,004 100.0
HI 23 23.7 32 33.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 1.0 0 0.0 56 57.7 41 42.3 97 100.0

ID 57 34.1 78 46.7 2 1.2 0 0.0 7 4.2 1 0.6 145 86.8 22 13.2 167 100.0
IL 368 46.8 240 30.5 10 1.3 1 0.1 13 1.7 6 0.8 638 81.2 148 18.8 786 100.0
IN 308 44.3 208 29.9 19 2.7 2 0.3 6 0.9 0 0.0 543 78.1 152 21.9 695 100.0

IA 131 38.4 125 36.7 12 3.5 0 0.0 14 4.1 0 0.0 282 82.7 59 17.3 341 100.0
KS 141 38.2 154 41.7 22 6.0 0 0.0 3 0.8 1 0.3 321 87.0 48 13.0 369 100.0
KY 281 41.0 260 37.9 17 2.5 3 0.4 19 2.8 0 0.0 580 84.5 106 15.5 686 100.0

LA 235 40.9 226 39.4 22 3.8 0 0.0 13 2.3 0 0.0 496 86.4 78 13.6 574 100.0
ME 82 53.2 42 27.3 1 0.6 0 0.0 5 3.2 0 0.0 130 84.4 24 15.6 154 100.0
MD 223 55.3 92 22.8 7 1.7 0 0.0 4 1.0 0 0.0 326 80.9 77 19.1 403 100.0

MA 145 55.8 57 21.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 2.7 209 80.4 51 19.6 260 100.0
MI 388 49.5 234 29.8 10 1.3 0 0.0 14 1.8 0 0.0 646 82.4 138 17.6 784 100.0
MN 158 45.4 112 32.2 8 2.3 0 0.0 12 3.4 3 0.9 293 84.2 55 15.8 348 100.0

MS 225 42.7 238 45.2 12 2.3 2 0.4 10 1.9 1 0.2 488 92.6 39 7.4 527 100.0
MO 344 46.9 256 34.9 18 2.5 0 0.0 11 1.5 0 0.0 629 85.8 104 14.2 733 100.0
MT 63 32.1 94 48.0 4 2.0 2 1.0 2 1.0 1 0.5 166 84.7 30 15.3 196 100.0

NE 81 41.1 80 40.6 8 4.1 3 1.5 3 1.5 0 0.0 175 88.8 22 11.2 197 100.0
NV 89 45.2 58 29.4 7 3.6 0 0.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 155 78.7 42 21.3 197 100.0
NH 42 42.4 28 28.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 70 70.7 29 29.3 99 100.0

174 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 113
Occupants Killed, by State and Vehicle Type (Continued)
Vehicle Type
Total
Passenger Occupants
Cars Light Trucks Large Trucks Buses Other Vehicles Unknown Subtotal Motorcycles Killed
State No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
NJ 217 52.8 98 23.8 13 3.2 2 0.5 4 1.0 0 0.0 334 81.3 77 18.7 411 100.0
NM 95 32.0 124 41.8 9 3.0 0 0.0 2 0.7 3 1.0 233 78.5 64 21.5 297 100.0
NY 400 48.9 223 27.3 10 1.2 0 0.0 15 1.8 0 0.0 648 79.2 170 20.8 818 100.0

NC 508 47.7 319 29.9 25 2.3 0 0.0 14 1.3 2 0.2 868 81.4 198 18.6 1,066 100.0
ND 42 26.3 89 55.6 9 5.6 0 0.0 3 1.9 1 0.6 144 90.0 16 10.0 160 100.0
OH 492 49.9 298 30.2 16 1.6 1 0.1 16 1.6 1 0.1 824 83.6 162 16.4 986 100.0

OK 214 33.7 294 46.3 33 5.2 3 0.5 7 1.1 0 0.0 551 86.8 84 13.2 635 100.0
OR 101 37.8 97 36.3 2 0.7 10 3.7 2 0.7 3 1.1 215 80.5 52 19.5 267 100.0
PA 575 51.1 301 26.8 19 1.7 0 0.0 20 1.8 0 0.0 915 81.3 210 18.7 1,125 100.0

RI 27 47.4 22 38.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 49 86.0 8 14.0 57 100.0

SC 312 43.0 256 35.3 8 1.1 0 0.0 2 0.3 2 0.3 580 79.9 146 20.1 726 100.0
SD 44 33.6 54 41.2 1 0.8 0 0.0 7 5.3 0 0.0 106 80.9 25 19.1 131 100.0

TN 426 45.5 334 35.6 21 2.2 1 0.1 16 1.7 0 0.0 798 85.2 139 14.8 937 100.0
TX 1,044 36.8 1,180 41.6 135 4.8 2 0.1 22 0.8 4 0.1 2,387 84.1 452 15.9 2,839 100.0
UT 82 44.8 63 34.4 2 1.1 0 0.0 4 2.2 0 0.0 151 82.5 32 17.5 183 100.0

VT 33 49.3 19 28.4 2 3.0 0 0.0 2 3.0 0 0.0 56 83.6 11 16.4 67 100.0

VA 333 50.0 216 32.4 27 4.1 0 0.0 5 0.8 0 0.0 581 87.2 85 12.8 666 100.0
WA 157 44.2 106 29.9 8 2.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.3 272 76.6 83 23.4 355 100.0

WV 141 45.9 101 32.9 5 1.6 0 0.0 29 9.4 0 0.0 276 89.9 31 10.1 307 100.0
WI 261 46.9 156 28.1 11 2.0 0 0.0 10 1.8 1 0.2 439 79.0 117 21.0 556 100.0
WY 36 30.8 58 49.6 8 6.8 0 0.0 3 2.6 0 0.0 105 89.7 12 10.3 117 100.0

USA 12,271 44.0 9,396 33.7 697 2.5 39 0.1 431 1.5 78 0.3 22,912 82.2 4,957 17.8 27,869 100.0

PR 132 60.6 32 14.7 2 0.9 0 0.0 2 0.9 0 0.0 168 77.1 50 22.9 218 100.0

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

175
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 114
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State
and Restraint Use
Restraint Used No Restraint Used Restraint Use Unknown Total Occupants Killed

State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

AL 255 39.4 354 54.6 39 6.0 648 100.0

AK 17 43.6 19 48.7 3 7.7 39 100.0
AZ 165 35.0 252 53.5 54 11.5 471 100.0

AR 149 37.4 226 56.8 23 5.8 398 100.0

CA 991 62.9 487 30.9 98 6.2 1,576 100.0
CO 124 43.2 156 54.4 7 2.4 287 100.0

CT 65 42.5 53 34.6 35 22.9 153 100.0

DE 29 47.5 25 41.0 7 11.5 61 100.0
DC 0 0.0 4 100.0 0 0.0 4 100.0

FL 607 48.4 575 45.8 73 5.8 1,255 100.0

GA 394 47.5 368 44.4 67 8.1 829 100.0
HI 16 29.1 31 56.4 8 14.5 55 100.0

ID 59 43.7 72 53.3 4 3.0 135 100.0

IL 286 47.0 279 45.9 43 7.1 608 100.0
IN 247 47.9 214 41.5 55 10.7 516 100.0

IA 119 46.5 112 43.8 25 9.8 256 100.0

KS 117 39.7 163 55.3 15 5.1 295 100.0
KY 231 42.7 309 57.1 1 0.2 541 100.0

LA 191 41.4 240 52.1 30 6.5 461 100.0

ME 49 39.5 75 60.5 0 0.0 124 100.0
MD 173 54.9 110 34.9 32 10.2 315 100.0

MA 66 32.7 98 48.5 38 18.8 202 100.0

MI 320 51.4 224 36.0 78 12.5 622 100.0
MN 129 47.8 101 37.4 40 14.8 270 100.0

MS 167 36.1 293 63.3 3 0.6 463 100.0

MO 155 25.8 394 65.7 51 8.5 600 100.0
MT 42 26.8 113 72.0 2 1.3 157 100.0

NE 43 26.7 102 63.4 16 9.9 161 100.0

NV 75 51.0 63 42.9 9 6.1 147 100.0
NH 20 28.6 50 71.4 0 0.0 70 100.0

176 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 114
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State
and Restraint Use (Continued)
Restraint Used No Restraint Used Restraint Use Unknown Total Occupants Killed

State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

NJ 153 48.6 150 47.6 12 3.8 315 100.0

NM 97 44.3 106 48.4 16 7.3 219 100.0
NY 362 58.1 204 32.7 57 9.1 623 100.0

NC 419 50.7 351 42.4 57 6.9 827 100.0

ND 40 30.5 89 67.9 2 1.5 131 100.0
OH 298 37.7 416 52.7 76 9.6 790 100.0

OK 198 39.0 282 55.5 28 5.5 508 100.0

OR 116 58.6 61 30.8 21 10.6 198 100.0
PA 257 29.3 498 56.8 121 13.8 876 100.0

RI 27 55.1 19 38.8 3 6.1 49 100.0

SC 218 38.4 313 55.1 37 6.5 568 100.0
SD 30 30.6 60 61.2 8 8.2 98 100.0

TN 307 40.4 398 52.4 55 7.2 760 100.0

TX 1,097 49.3 927 41.7 200 9.0 2,224 100.0
UT 55 37.9 77 53.1 13 9.0 145 100.0

VT 17 32.7 34 65.4 1 1.9 52 100.0

VA 248 45.2 298 54.3 3 0.5 549 100.0
WA 146 55.5 102 38.8 15 5.7 263 100.0

WV 75 31.0 137 56.6 30 12.4 242 100.0

WI 177 42.4 201 48.2 39 9.4 417 100.0
WY 41 43.6 50 53.2 3 3.2 94 100.0

USA 9,679 44.7 10,335 47.7 1,653 7.6 21,667 100.0

PR 60 36.6 104 63.4 0 0.0 164 100.0

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

177
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 115
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence
Light Trucks
Passenger Cars Pickup Utility Van Total*
Rollover Rollover Rollover Rollover Rollover
Total Total Total Total Total
State Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent
AL 370 83 22.4 140 63 45.0 112 70 62.5 26 8 30.8 648 224 34.6
AK 23 0 0.0 8 5 62.5 6 5 83.3 2 1 50.0 39 11 28.2
AZ 220 75 34.1 101 70 69.3 126 86 68.3 24 7 29.2 471 238 50.5

AR 211 49 23.2 102 46 45.1 75 39 52.0 9 3 33.3 398 138 34.7

CA 1,008 282 28.0 237 112 47.3 261 163 62.5 70 20 28.6 1,576 577 36.6
CO 148 52 35.1 58 39 67.2 71 50 70.4 10 4 40.0 287 145 50.5

CT 113 18 15.9 14 7 50.0 21 7 33.3 5 2 40.0 153 34 22.2

DE 43 8 18.6 9 4 44.4 8 4 50.0 1 0 0.0 61 16 26.2
DC 1 0 0.0 1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 2 0 0.0 4 0 0.0

FL 757 144 19.0 192 79 41.1 231 131 56.7 74 24 32.4 1,255 378 30.1
GA 453 116 25.6 178 82 46.1 159 83 52.2 38 12 31.6 829 293 35.3
HI 23 11 47.8 16 5 31.3 11 1 9.1 5 3 60.0 55 20 36.4

ID 57 27 47.4 40 25 62.5 33 23 69.7 5 1 20.0 135 76 56.3

IL 368 64 17.4 87 44 50.6 102 54 52.9 50 9 18.0 608 171 28.1
IN 308 71 23.1 83 25 30.1 78 40 51.3 47 7 14.9 516 143 27.7

IA 131 39 29.8 51 34 66.7 52 35 67.3 22 9 40.9 256 117 45.7

KS 141 46 32.6 75 35 46.7 60 40 66.7 19 4 21.1 295 125 42.4
KY 281 67 23.8 147 68 46.3 79 41 51.9 33 7 21.2 541 183 33.8

LA 235 58 24.7 135 62 45.9 78 34 43.6 12 7 58.3 461 162 35.1

ME 82 33 40.2 25 10 40.0 11 6 54.5 6 3 50.0 124 52 41.9
MD 223 33 14.8 38 10 26.3 46 15 32.6 8 1 12.5 315 59 18.7

MA 145 27 18.6 24 6 25.0 28 10 35.7 4 0 0.0 202 43 21.3

MI 388 85 21.9 93 41 44.1 94 45 47.9 46 13 28.3 622 184 29.6
MN 158 40 25.3 48 23 47.9 35 16 45.7 29 7 24.1 270 86 31.9

MS 225 32 14.2 132 42 31.8 87 38 43.7 19 2 10.5 463 114 24.6

MO 344 117 34.0 134 76 56.7 85 52 61.2 37 12 32.4 600 257 42.8
MT 63 34 54.0 54 43 79.6 35 28 80.0 4 2 50.0 157 107 68.2

NE 81 33 40.7 42 23 54.8 24 16 66.7 14 1 7.1 161 73 45.3

NV 89 32 36.0 18 18 100.0 34 20 58.8 6 4 66.7 147 74 50.3
NH 42 11 26.2 13 3 23.1 14 5 35.7 1 1 100.0 70 20 28.6

178 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 115

Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by State, Vehicle Type,

and Rollover Occurrence (Continued)

Light Trucks
Passenger Cars Pickup Utility Van Total*
Rollover Rollover Rollover Rollover Rollover
Total Total Total Total Total
State Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent Killed Number Percent
NJ 217 40 18.4 24 9 37.5 58 19 32.8 16 4 25.0 315 72 22.9
NM 95 36 37.9 67 44 65.7 45 33 73.3 11 8 72.7 219 122 55.7
NY 400 67 16.8 67 29 43.3 106 44 41.5 49 8 16.3 623 148 23.8

NC 508 127 25.0 129 59 45.7 147 75 51.0 42 14 33.3 827 275 33.3
ND 42 14 33.3 53 33 62.3 24 15 62.5 12 2 16.7 131 64 48.9
OH 492 92 18.7 130 45 34.6 108 46 42.6 58 13 22.4 790 196 24.8

OK 214 67 31.3 169 88 52.1 95 70 73.7 27 6 22.2 508 231 45.5

OR 101 17 16.8 46 30 65.2 42 15 35.7 7 3 42.9 198 65 32.8
PA 575 138 24.0 107 40 37.4 151 73 48.3 43 14 32.6 876 265 30.3

RI 27 3 11.1 8 3 37.5 11 3 27.3 3 1 33.3 49 10 20.4

SC 312 75 24.0 111 37 33.3 116 70 60.3 29 9 31.0 568 191 33.6
SD 44 23 52.3 22 14 63.6 25 17 68.0 7 4 57.1 98 58 59.2

TN 426 91 21.4 188 78 41.5 117 65 55.6 27 12 44.4 760 246 32.4
TX 1,044 240 23.0 603 238 39.5 460 283 61.5 117 37 31.6 2,224 798 35.9
UT 82 25 30.5 23 16 69.6 37 23 62.2 3 1 33.3 145 65 44.8

VT 33 5 15.2 9 4 44.4 8 5 62.5 2 1 50.0 52 15 28.8

VA 333 99 29.7 98 44 44.9 91 54 59.3 27 3 11.1 549 200 36.4
WA 157 24 15.3 53 23 43.4 41 15 36.6 12 3 25.0 263 65 24.7

WV 141 32 22.7 47 19 40.4 41 21 51.2 13 1 7.7 242 73 30.2

WI 261 94 36.0 53 28 52.8 72 38 52.8 30 7 23.3 417 167 40.0
WY 36 13 36.1 30 23 76.7 24 16 66.7 4 2 50.0 94 54 57.4

USA 12,271 3,009 24.5 4,332 2,004 46.3 3,875 2,157 55.7 1,167 327 28.0 21,667 7,500 34.6

PR 132 18 13.6 5 1 20.0 24 7 29.2 3 2 66.7 164 28 17.1

*Total includes occupants of other and unknown light trucks.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

179
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 116
2012 Ranking of State Pedestrian Fatality Rates
Pedestrians Population Pedestrian Fatality Rate
Rank State Killed (Thousands) per 100,000 Population

1 Delaware 27 917 2.94

2 New Mexico 61 2,086 2.92
3 South Carolina 123 4,724 2.60

4 Louisiana 118 4,602 2.56

5 Florida 476 19,318 2.46
6 North Carolina 197 9,752 2.02

7 Nevada 54 2,759 1.96

8 Hawaii 26 1,392 1.87
9 Arizona 122 6,553 1.86

10 Texas 478 26,059 1.83

11 New Jersey 156 8,865 1.76
12 Oklahoma 65 3,815 1.70

13 Georgia 167 9,920 1.68

14 West Virginia 31 1,855 1.67
15 Maryland 96 5,885 1.63

16 California 612 38,041 1.61

17 Mississippi 48 2,985 1.61
18 Vermont 10 626 1.60

19 Alabama 77 4,822 1.60

20 New York 297 19,570 1.52
21 Arkansas 44 2,949 1.49

22 Colorado 76 5,188 1.47

23 Oregon 55 3,899 1.41
24 Missouri 84 6,022 1.39

25 Michigan 129 9,883 1.31

26 Pennsylvania 163 12,764 1.28
27 Virginia 98 8,186 1.20

180 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 116
2012 Ranking of State Pedestrian Fatality Rates (Continued)
Pedestrians Population Pedestrian Fatality Rate
Rank State Killed (Thousands) per 100,000 Population

28 Kentucky 49 4,380 1.12

29 District of Columbia 7 632 1.11
30 Alaska 8 731 1.09

31 Massachusetts 72 6,646 1.08

32 Illinois 138 12,875 1.07
33 Washington 72 6,897 1.04

34 Wyoming 6 576 1.04

35 Tennessee 67 6,456 1.04
36 Connecticut 36 3,590 1.00

37 North Dakota 7 700 1.00

38 Ohio 115 11,544 1.00
39 Utah 28 2,855 0.98

40 Indiana 59 6,537 0.90

41 Kansas 26 2,886 0.90
42 Idaho 13 1,596 0.81

43 Nebraska 15 1,856 0.81

44 Montana 8 1,005 0.80
45 Wisconsin 45 5,726 0.79

46 Minnesota 38 5,379 0.71

47 Maine 9 1,329 0.68
48 Iowa 20 3,074 0.65

49 New Hampshire 8 1,321 0.61

50 Rhode Island 5 1,050 0.48
51 South Dakota 2 833 0.24

USA 4,743 313,914 1.51

Puerto Rico 110 3,667 3.00

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

181
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 117
Persons Killed, by State and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
in the Crash
Highest Driver* Blood Alcohol Concentration in Crash
Alcohol-Impaired Driving
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 Fatalities (BAC = .08+) BAC = .01+ Total Killed**

State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 570 66 35 4 257 30 293 34 865 100
AK 44 74 0 1 15 25 15 26 59 100
AZ 534 65 40 5 227 28 268 32 825 100

AR 378 68 28 5 143 26 171 31 552 100

CA 1,911 67 134 5 802 28 936 33 2,857 100
CO 303 64 35 7 133 28 167 35 472 100

CT 134 57 13 5 85 36 98 41 236 100

DE 68 60 12 10 34 30 46 40 114 100
DC 10 68 1 5 4 27 5 32 15 100

FL 1,601 66 121 5 697 29 818 34 2,424 100

GA 832 70 56 5 301 25 357 30 1,192 100
HI 69 55 4 3 51 41 56 44 126 100

ID 124 67 7 4 54 29 60 33 184 100

IL 561 59 72 8 321 34 393 41 956 100
IN 518 66 31 4 228 29 259 33 779 100

IA 260 71 14 4 92 25 106 29 365 100

KS 284 70 20 5 98 24 117 29 405 100
KY 553 74 23 3 168 23 191 26 746 100

LA 451 62 29 4 241 33 270 37 722 100

ME 102 62 13 8 49 30 62 38 164 100
MD 316 63 29 6 160 32 189 37 505 100

MA 202 58 22 6 123 35 146 42 349 100

MI 626 67 51 5 259 28 311 33 938 100
MN 261 66 17 4 114 29 131 33 395 100

MS 382 66 21 4 179 31 200 34 582 100

MO 490 59 46 6 280 34 326 40 826 100
MT 97 48 18 9 89 44 108 52 205 100

NE 123 58 15 7 74 35 89 42 212 100

NV 159 62 17 7 82 32 99 38 258 100
NH 71 66 4 4 32 30 37 34 108 100

182 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 117

Persons Killed, by State and Highest Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

in the Crash (Continued)

Highest Driver* Blood Alcohol Concentration in Crash

Alcohol-Impaired Driving
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 Fatalities (BAC = .08+) BAC = .01+ Total Killed**

State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
NJ 377 64 48 8 164 28 211 36 589 100
NM 251 69 17 5 97 27 113 31 365 100
NY 746 64 78 7 344 29 422 36 1,168 100

NC 828 64 58 4 402 31 460 36 1,292 100

ND 84 49 14 8 72 42 86 51 170 100
OH 690 61 45 4 385 34 430 38 1,123 100

OK 470 66 32 5 205 29 238 34 708 100

OR 233 69 17 5 86 26 103 31 336 100
PA 849 65 52 4 408 31 460 35 1,310 100

RI 35 55 5 7 24 38 29 45 64 100
SC 456 53 48 6 358 41 405 47 863 100
SD 79 59 9 6 45 33 53 40 133 100

TN 666 66 53 5 295 29 348 34 1,014 100

TX 1,892 56 202 6 1,296 38 1,498 44 3,398 100
UT 176 81 8 4 34 16 42 19 217 100

VT 50 65 2 3 23 30 25 33 77 100
VA 521 67 44 6 211 27 255 33 777 100
WA 281 63 14 3 145 33 160 36 444 100

WV 235 69 9 3 95 28 104 31 339 100

WI 381 62 34 6 200 33 234 38 615 100
WY 81 66 2 2 40 32 42 34 123 100

USA 21,411 64 1,719 5 10,322 31 12,041 36 33,561 100

PR 220 63 23 7 104 30 128 37 347 100

*Includes motorcycle riders.

**Total includes fatalities in crashes in which there was no driver or motorcycle rider present.
Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

183
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 118
Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
of the Driver
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver* Total Drivers*
Involved in
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Fatal Crashes
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 928 76 36 3 249 21 286 24 1,214 100
AK 70 84 0 0 13 16 13 16 83 100
AZ 836 77 40 4 212 20 252 23 1,088 100

AR 578 79 26 4 130 18 156 21 734 100

CA 2,943 77 132 3 737 19 868 23 3,811 100
CO 475 75 31 5 125 20 156 25 630 100

CT 238 72 13 4 81 24 94 28 332 100

DE 102 70 12 8 32 22 44 30 146 100
DC 16 78 1 4 4 19 5 23 20 100

FL 2,630 77 132 4 650 19 783 23 3,412 100

GA 1,329 79 64 4 284 17 347 21 1,676 100
HI 122 70 6 4 47 27 53 30 175 100

ID 187 77 6 2 51 21 57 23 244 100

IL 937 71 71 5 315 24 386 29 1,322 100
IN 859 78 30 3 218 20 248 22 1,107 100

IA 394 80 13 3 83 17 97 20 491 100

KS 417 79 17 3 93 18 110 21 527 100
KY 846 83 22 2 155 15 177 17 1,023 100

LA 694 74 34 4 216 23 250 26 944 100

ME 159 74 13 6 43 20 56 26 215 100
MD 534 76 27 4 141 20 168 24 702 100

MA 307 68 24 5 118 26 143 32 449 100

MI 1,031 78 54 4 241 18 294 22 1,325 100
MN 415 77 16 3 106 20 122 23 537 100

MS 502 73 21 3 161 24 182 27 684 100

MO 778 71 48 4 270 25 319 29 1,096 100
MT 149 59 17 7 84 34 101 41 250 100

NE 198 70 14 5 71 25 86 30 284 100

NV 266 75 12 3 77 22 89 25 355 100
NH 112 76 5 3 30 20 35 24 147 100

184 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 118

Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

of the Driver (Continued)

Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver* Total Drivers*

Involved in
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Fatal Crashes
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
NJ 611 75 46 6 159 19 205 25 816 100
NM 365 78 14 3 92 20 106 22 471 100
NY 1,157 74 78 5 334 21 412 26 1,569 100

NC 1,281 74 65 4 386 22 451 26 1,732 100

ND 137 63 16 7 66 30 81 37 218 100
OH 1,173 75 50 3 350 22 401 25 1,573 100

OK 719 77 28 3 193 21 221 23 939 100

OR 330 78 16 4 79 19 96 22 426 100
PA 1,352 75 56 3 389 22 445 25 1,797 100

RI 57 66 5 6 25 29 30 34 87 100
SC 753 65 55 5 345 30 400 35 1,153 100
SD 129 74 8 4 38 22 45 26 174 100

TN 1,042 76 51 4 272 20 324 24 1,365 100

TX 3,142 69 207 5 1,215 27 1,422 31 4,564 100
UT 254 86 8 3 32 11 41 14 295 100

VT 72 75 2 2 22 23 24 25 96 100
VA 784 76 43 4 199 19 242 24 1,026 100
WA 449 75 14 2 133 22 147 25 596 100

WV 352 78 9 2 89 20 98 22 450 100

WI 596 74 28 3 183 23 210 26 806 100
WY 120 74 2 1 39 24 41 26 161 100

USA 33,922 75 1,737 4 9,678 21 11,415 25 45,337 100

PR 302 70 27 6 104 24 130 30 432 100

*Includes motorcycle riders.

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

185
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 119
Drivers Killed in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
of the Driver
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver*
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Total Drivers* Killed
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 417 68 21 3 179 29 200 32 617 100
AK 26 75 0 0 9 25 9 25 35 100
AZ 311 66 18 4 140 30 159 34 470 100

AR 270 68 21 5 106 27 127 32 397 100

CA 1,003 65 76 5 459 30 534 35 1,537 100
CO 177 61 24 9 86 30 111 39 287 100

CT 93 61 8 5 51 34 59 39 152 100
DE 31 51 8 12 23 37 30 49 61 100
DC 3 58 0 8 2 34 2 42 5 100

FL 892 64 82 6 429 31 511 36 1,403 100

GA 554 70 39 5 200 25 239 30 793 100
HI 43 61 3 4 25 35 28 39 71 100

ID 83 65 3 2 40 32 44 35 126 100
IL 345 58 44 7 210 35 254 42 599 100
IN 356 66 19 3 166 31 185 34 541 100

IA 193 72 8 3 66 25 74 28 267 100

KS 198 70 12 4 74 26 85 30 283 100
KY 407 75 11 2 123 23 134 25 541 100

LA 268 62 16 4 147 34 163 38 431 100

ME 75 63 8 7 36 30 44 37 119 100
MD 197 63 18 6 96 31 114 37 311 100

MA 117 56 19 9 73 35 91 44 208 100

MI 416 67 30 5 174 28 204 33 620 100
MN 170 66 8 3 81 31 89 34 259 100

MS 269 66 13 3 124 31 137 34 406 100

MO 347 59 32 6 205 35 237 41 584 100
MT 70 48 9 6 68 46 77 52 147 100

NE 91 59 9 6 54 35 63 41 154 100
NV 82 58 7 5 53 37 60 42 142 100
NH 57 68 3 4 24 28 27 32 84 100

186 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 119

Drivers Killed in Fatal Crashes, by State and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

of the Driver (Continued)

Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver*

BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Total Drivers* Killed
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
NJ 199 65 24 8 86 28 109 35 308 100
NM 144 70 7 3 56 27 62 30 206 100
NY 416 67 40 6 166 27 206 33 622 100

NC 526 63 38 5 270 32 307 37 833 100

ND 62 51 11 9 48 40 60 49 121 100
OH 484 63 30 4 256 33 286 37 770 100

OK 316 64 17 3 162 33 179 36 495 100

OR 128 66 11 5 57 29 67 34 195 100
PA 586 64 34 4 289 32 323 36 909 100

RI 25 53 4 9 18 39 22 47 47 100
SC 310 53 34 6 245 42 279 47 589 100
SD 60 66 4 5 27 30 32 34 92 100

TN 483 66 36 5 213 29 249 34 732 100

TX 1,216 58 113 5 751 36 864 42 2,080 100
UT 109 82 6 4 19 14 25 18 133 100

VT 33 61 1 2 20 37 21 39 54 100
VA 348 65 34 6 150 28 184 35 532 100
WA 173 62 7 3 97 35 104 38 277 100

WV 175 72 4 2 65 27 69 28 244 100

WI 261 62 17 4 141 34 158 38 419 100
WY 52 61 1 2 33 38 34 39 86 100

USA 13,665 64 1,042 5 6,688 31 7,729 36 21,394 100

PR 103 59 10 6 61 35 71 41 174 100

*Includes motorcycle riders.

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

187
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 120
Surviving Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State
and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of the Driver
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver* Total Surviving
Drivers* in
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Fatal Crashes
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
AL 511 86 15 3 71 12 86 14 597 100
AK 44 91 0 1 4 8 4 9 48 100
AZ 524 85 22 4 72 12 94 15 618 100

AR 308 91 5 1 24 7 29 9 337 100

CA 1,940 85 56 2 278 12 334 15 2,274 100
CO 298 87 7 2 38 11 45 13 343 100

CT 145 81 5 3 30 17 35 19 180 100

DE 71 84 4 5 10 12 14 16 85 100
DC 13 84 0 2 2 14 2 16 15 100

FL 1,737 86 50 2 222 11 272 14 2,009 100

GA 775 88 24 3 84 9 108 12 883 100
HI 79 76 4 3 22 21 25 24 104 100

ID 105 89 3 2 10 9 13 11 118 100

IL 592 82 27 4 105 14 132 18 723 100
IN 503 89 11 2 52 9 63 11 566 100

IA 201 90 5 2 18 8 23 10 224 100

KS 219 90 6 2 20 8 25 10 244 100
KY 439 91 11 2 32 7 43 9 482 100

LA 426 83 18 3 69 14 87 17 513 100

ME 84 88 4 5 7 8 12 12 96 100
MD 337 86 9 2 45 12 54 14 391 100

MA 190 79 6 2 46 19 51 21 241 100

MI 615 87 24 3 67 9 90 13 705 100
MN 245 88 9 3 24 9 33 12 278 100

MS 233 84 8 3 37 13 45 16 278 100

MO 431 84 16 3 65 13 81 16 512 100
MT 79 76 8 8 17 16 24 24 103 100

NE 107 82 5 4 18 14 23 18 130 100

NV 184 86 5 2 24 11 29 14 213 100
NH 55 88 2 2 6 10 8 12 63 100

188 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 120
Surviving Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes, by State
and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of the Driver (Continued)
Blood Alcohol Concentration of Driver* Total Surviving
Drivers* in
BAC = .00 BAC = .01-.07 BAC = .08+ BAC = .01+ Fatal Crashes
State Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
NJ 412 81 23 4 73 14 96 19 508 100
NM 222 84 7 3 37 14 44 16 265 100
NY 741 78 38 4 168 18 206 22 947 100

NC 755 84 28 3 116 13 144 16 899 100

ND 75 78 4 4 17 18 22 22 97 100
OH 689 86 20 2 94 12 114 14 803 100

OK 403 91 11 2 31 7 41 9 444 100

OR 203 88 6 2 23 10 29 12 231 100
PA 766 86 22 2 100 11 122 14 888 100

RI 32 81 1 3 7 17 8 19 40 100
SC 443 79 21 4 100 18 121 21 564 100
SD 69 84 3 4 10 12 13 16 82 100

TN 558 88 15 2 60 9 75 12 633 100

TX 1,926 78 94 4 464 19 558 22 2,484 100
UT 146 90 3 2 13 8 16 10 162 100

VT 39 93 1 3 2 5 3 7 42 100
VA 436 88 9 2 49 10 58 12 494 100
WA 276 86 7 2 37 11 43 14 319 100

WV 177 86 5 2 24 12 29 14 206 100

WI 334 86 11 3 42 11 53 14 387 100
WY 68 90 1 1 7 9 8 10 75 100

USA 20,258 85 695 3 2,990 12 3,685 15 23,943 100

PR 198 77 17 6 43 17 60 23 258 100

*Includes motorcycle riders.

Note: NHTSA estimates alcohol involvement when alcohol test results are unknown. For more information, see page 7 of this report.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

189
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 121
Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class
Speeding-Related Fatalities by Roadway Function Class

Interstate Non-Interstate
Total
Traffic Freeway and Other Principal
State Fatalities Total Rural Urban Expressway Arterial Minor Arterial Collector Local

AL 865 272 9 8 12 28 63 98 49
AK 59 14 3 0 0 2 3 5 1
AZ 825 297 43 23 14 58 47 40 71

AR 552 76 4 2 0 12 10 17 27
CA 2,857 916 32 93 112 256 199 131 93
CO 472 162 12 8 6 43 35 35 23

CT 236 39 0 6 0 5 9 2 17
DE 114 46 0 7 0 13 4 10 11
DC 15 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6

FL 2,424 361 2 33 6 91 45 9 174

GA 1,192 180 5 20 1 19 41 40 54
HI 126 67 0 5 2 20 15 19 6

ID 184 61 5 2 1 12 8 18 8
IL 956 387 23 30 13 77 80 88 75
IN 779 185 13 9 0 0 22 48 93

IA 365 70 6 3 0 12 9 13 27
KS 405 114 22 0 0 16 24 26 26
KY 746 151 6 5 4 28 21 48 39

LA 722 208 13 12 0 40 38 74 31
ME 164 78 1 0 0 6 26 0 45
MD 505 199 0 32 14 41 42 46 22

MA 349 106 0 8 14 19 8 1 50
MI 938 250 4 26 5 42 48 61 62
MN 395 91 5 1 2 12 25 32 14

MS 582 95 8 1 2 5 15 46 18
MO 826 326 14 10 9 66 68 97 62
MT 205 88 11 0 0 16 14 32 12

NE 212 44 5 2 0 11 7 5 14
NV 258 100 6 7 1 18 19 5 38
NH 108 39 1 2 0 7 1 8 20

190 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 121

Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by State and Roadway Function Class (Continued)

Speeding-Related Fatalities by Roadway Function Class

Interstate Non-Interstate
Total
Traffic Freeway and Other Principal
State Fatalities Total Rural Urban Expressway Arterial Minor Arterial Collector Local

NJ 589 157 2 15 13 41 34 18 33
NM 365 121 17 3 0 33 7 3 19
NY 1,168 360 10 10 5 93 62 41 139

NC 1,292 440 19 12 6 63 149 66 124

ND 170 62 1 6 0 18 9 14 14
OH 1,123 356 13 22 5 59 57 110 77

OK 708 218 10 19 5 26 24 58 76
OR 336 102 16 0 0 33 14 23 16
PA 1,310 614 30 37 18 106 141 162 120

RI 64 31 1 0 3 7 3 0 17
SC 863 316 26 11 1 54 58 115 23
SD 133 39 7 0 0 6 8 9 9

TN 1,014 197 4 10 1 34 44 57 47
TX 3,398 1,247 48 119 110 209 118 219 422
UT 217 72 11 7 0 14 18 0 22

VT 77 33 5 0 0 6 5 11 6
VA 777 271 9 23 0 62 43 77 47
WA 444 161 12 6 6 32 37 47 19

WV 339 144 15 3 1 33 34 40 17
WI 615 209 6 4 3 54 42 40 60
WY 123 41 6 2 0 16 5 5 6

USA 33,561 10,219 521 664 395 1,974 1,858 2,169 2,501

PR 347 139 16 4 2 33 39 26 19
*Includes 137 speeding-related fatalities that occurred on roadways for which the function class was unknown.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

191
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 122
Rural Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Response Times
Average Response Time (Minutes)*
Time of Crash EMS Notification EMS Arrival at Crash Scene Time of Crash
to EMS Notification to EMS Arrival at Crash Scene to Hospital Arrival to Hospital Arrival
Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Fatal
State Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Crashes
AL 9.28 88.5 14.42 87.8 32.95 91.0 55.98 91.5 469
AK 4.74 45.7 17.10 40.0 40.10 71.4 47.33 74.3 35
AZ 2.93 33.4 14.85 28.7 48.60 78.9 60.24 79.2 317

AR 6.78 34.9 13.72 25.5 NA NA NA NA 384

CA 2.50 99.8 5.00 99.9 NA NA NA NA 1,052
CO 6.24 66.8 14.14 68.8 39.92 87.3 53.76 87.8 205

CT 1.47 31.9 7.32 34.7 38.04 65.3 44.62 63.9 72

DE 3.70 14.5 6.29 5.5 31.19 41.8 42.28 41.8 55
DC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0

FL 5.03 96.1 10.25 95.5 5.00 99.9 12.00 99.9 796

GA 5.33 62.2 10.29 52.4 45.67 59.5 56.53 61.1 555
HI 0.83 88.5 18.00 86.5 52.75 92.3 74.75 92.3 52

ID 5.84 12.9 14.09 2.1 31.00 99.3 40.00 99.3 140

IL 2.64 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA 361
IN 3.93 5.9 8.86 0.0 NA NA NA NA 474

IA 6.67 34.0 11.78 25.8 29.24 52.0 46.78 53.5 256

KS 8.94 13.3 13.20 4.1 36.12 38.9 56.55 41.3 293
KY 4.50 16.6 10.82 7.1 38.39 47.3 50.61 48.8 535

LA 6.86 10.2 13.58 6.2 43.00 50.2 61.40 51.1 305

ME 5.43 3.3 10.13 0.7 36.01 35.8 51.06 38.4 151
MD NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 168

MA 3.88 44.7 7.50 36.2 38.37 59.6 47.37 59.6 47

MI 3.78 32.9 10.19 31.9 27.00 99.7 35.00 99.7 389
MN 2.50 32.3 12.15 31.1 32.15 74.9 44.03 74.5 235

MS 14.90 53.1 23.36 53.1 31.75 54.8 69.06 56.0 352

MO 9.25 44.9 14.42 38.9 41.10 57.9 62.66 60.2 437
MT 10.02 20.7 13.92 10.1 36.18 49.2 55.86 53.1 179

NE NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 142
NV 10.64 40.8 23.68 29.6 51.84 64.8 69.79 73.2 71
NH 0.78 1.8 10.31 1.8 28.41 38.2 39.65 38.2 55

192 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 122

Rural Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

Response Times (Continued)

Average Response Time (Minutes)*

Time of Crash EMS Notification EMS Arrival at Crash Scene Time of Crash
to EMS Notification to EMS Arrival at Crash Scene to Hospital Arrival to Hospital Arrival
Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Fatal
State Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Crashes
NJ 4.08 38.5 14.24 23.1 34.69 40.0 51.67 40.0 65
NM 7.63 74.5 15.07 68.5 41.58 94.9 61.50 95.7 235
NY 3.22 41.3 9.59 43.6 41.53 70.2 51.27 69.8 557

NC 5.34 72.6 10.19 26.4 38.44 59.0 46.30 60.0 849

ND 10.34 33.3 15.71 24.8 44.16 51.9 58.93 57.4 129
OH 5.57 39.6 9.75 37.5 36.80 62.6 50.50 63.3 578

OK 8.32 48.9 14.54 18.2 42.94 50.4 60.37 52.8 413

OR 3.74 12.9 13.81 5.9 43.69 67.8 57.82 70.3 202
PA 6.67 64.7 11.59 53.6 41.51 77.1 52.19 78.1 638

RI 7.25 60.0 8.00 40.0 48.00 60.0 54.75 60.0 10

SC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 697
SD 6.19 20.6 15.13 19.6 33.73 46.1 51.62 48.0 102

TN 5.60 98.1 8.92 97.5 35.60 98.1 51.56 98.3 519

TX 9.61 62.3 16.52 57.7 42.51 57.2 63.45 59.0 1,467
UT 7.44 6.9 12.72 5.7 38.64 74.7 55.64 74.7 87

VT 9.15 14.3 12.61 3.6 41.25 42.9 54.10 44.6 56

VA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 327
WA 3.55 78.6 9.90 66.9 40.96 90.7 51.67 90.3 248

WV 7.62 59.0 13.76 56.6 36.84 72.1 52.39 73.8 244

WI 4.37 19.5 12.07 23.0 37.63 73.3 50.25 73.3 348
WY 6.46 30.0 18.45 28.9 39.71 61.1 54.81 65.6 90

USA 6.04 56.1 12.57 51.6 39.44 75.3 55.45 76.1 16,443

PR 8.14 88.6 9.27 88.6 NA NA NA NA 193

*Includes crashes for which both times were known.
NA = not available or not applicable.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

193
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 123
Urban Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Response Times
Average Response Time (Minutes)*
Time of Crash EMS Notification EMS Arrival at Crash Scene Time of Crash
to EMS Notification to EMS Arrival at Crash Scene to Hospital Arrival to Hospital Arrival
Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Fatal
State Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Crashes
AL 4.49 86.3 6.90 85.1 27.58 90.5 39.77 90.5 328
AK 0.90 47.4 6.40 47.4 13.33 84.2 20.00 84.2 19
AZ 1.17 33.1 5.60 27.2 27.65 61.0 33.78 60.3 423

AR 6.79 28.3 5.75 24.8 NA NA 26.00 99.1 113

CA 2.50 99.4 7.14 99.6 39.00 99.8 59.50 99.7 1,580
CO 0.96 38.2 5.53 40.8 21.77 62.3 28.17 62.3 228

CT 1.17 30.8 6.05 35.6 26.84 61.6 32.89 61.6 146

DE 2.37 28.3 5.86 17.0 20.89 49.1 28.30 49.1 53
DC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 14

FL 3.55 97.9 7.48 97.7 NA NA NA NA 1,448

GA 3.01 37.1 7.27 26.1 32.22 38.9 41.11 40.1 571
HI 2.43 88.9 6.50 87.3 21.75 93.7 29.75 93.7 63

ID 1.86 3.4 4.62 0.0 NA NA NA NA 29

IL 2.68 4.2 13.56 96.6 20.87 97.1 37.33 97.1 525
IN 2.99 2.0 5.01 0.0 NA NA NA NA 244

IA 3.97 12.2 5.75 8.1 21.89 36.5 31.57 36.5 74

KS 2.40 6.7 6.06 4.0 24.91 29.3 33.51 29.3 75
KY 2.74 18.9 6.50 13.8 26.95 39.0 35.23 38.4 159

LA 3.27 15.3 8.04 9.8 29.31 42.1 40.77 42.4 347

ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0
MD NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 282

MA 3.36 52.1 5.25 47.6 28.25 62.9 35.88 62.6 286

MI 1.94 46.1 5.82 45.1 NA NA NA NA 479
MN 1.39 30.7 6.62 39.5 28.24 71.1 35.70 71.1 114

MS 12.74 40.6 25.49 40.0 29.21 41.9 64.62 44.5 155

MO 4.39 46.1 8.38 41.5 26.84 51.1 38.35 52.0 323
MT 1.55 15.4 5.69 0.0 24.50 53.8 30.50 53.8 13

NE NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 48
NV 2.49 15.3 7.21 19.6 24.71 40.5 33.94 39.9 163
NH 0.18 4.3 7.71 2.2 23.35 19.6 31.16 19.6 46

194 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 123

Urban Fatal Crashes, by State and Average Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

Response Times (Continued)

Average Response Time (Minutes)*

Time of Crash EMS Notification EMS Arrival at Crash Scene Time of Crash
to EMS Notification to EMS Arrival at Crash Scene to Hospital Arrival to Hospital Arrival
Total
Percent Percent Percent Percent Fatal
State Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Average Unknown Crashes
NJ 4.92 28.6 10.87 20.6 29.39 44.0 43.43 43.2 486
NM 3.80 80.4 9.30 77.5 61.33 97.1 66.00 98.0 102
NY 2.18 72.2 5.88 73.7 24.74 83.9 31.35 83.1 528

NC 4.12 44.2 6.91 17.2 27.05 43.7 33.82 46.4 373

ND 1.56 11.1 3.94 11.1 29.20 44.4 24.67 50.0 18
OH 4.17 36.5 6.73 35.8 27.77 51.9 37.49 50.7 416

OK 2.78 26.2 8.33 9.6 29.18 35.4 39.28 37.1 229

OR 1.08 4.9 5.26 1.9 27.23 39.8 34.02 40.8 103
PA 3.25 55.8 6.24 45.2 29.23 61.6 36.53 62.3 573

RI 1.77 50.0 4.92 26.9 33.11 46.2 38.39 46.2 52

SC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 109
SD 2.31 18.8 5.62 18.8 18.70 37.5 26.00 37.5 16

TN 2.00 99.8 4.00 99.8 18.00 99.8 19.70 97.6 409

TX 5.08 51.9 8.00 48.6 27.02 47.5 38.76 47.6 1,553
UT 2.05 4.4 6.17 7.1 26.27 67.3 34.81 67.3 113

VT 2.30 28.6 6.38 7.1 27.92 7.1 35.77 7.1 14

VA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 363
WA 3.90 64.0 5.85 59.0 34.14 82.6 41.07 82.6 161

WV 7.91 54.1 6.40 52.7 28.04 64.9 38.00 64.9 74

WI 3.11 23.4 6.48 29.9 27.70 60.7 36.35 59.7 201
WY 4.18 22.7 6.00 22.7 21.00 45.5 30.67 45.5 22

USA 3.39 57.5 7.31 57.8 27.80 72.5 37.91 72.5 14,263

PR 6.92 90.8 9.15 90.8 NA NA NA NA 142

*Includes crashes for which both times were known.

NA = not available or not applicable.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

195
 Table 124
Persons Killed, Population, and Fatality Rates by City
Fatalities
Fatality Rate per
Pedestrians Killed 100,000 Population

Percent of
City State Total Killed Number Total Killed Population Pedestrian Total

New York NY 268 127 47.4 8,336,697 3.21 1.52

Los Angeles CA 242 99 40.9 3,857,799 6.27 2.57
Chicago IL 145 47 32.4 2,714,856 5.34 1.73
Houston TX 196 46 23.5 2,160,821 9.07 2.13
Philadelphia PA 107 31 29.0 1,547,607 6.91 2.00
Phoenix AZ 151 39 25.8 1,488,750 10.14 2.62
San Antonio TX 132 37 28.0 1,382,951 9.54 2.68
San Diego CA 70 22 31.4 1,338,348 5.23 1.64
Dallas TX 136 40 29.4 1,241,162 10.96 3.22
San Jose CA 42 12 28.6 982,765 4.27 1.22
Austin TX 76 25 32.9 842,592 9.02 2.97
Jacksonville FL 113 27 23.9 836,507 13.51 3.23
Indianapolis IN 77 15 19.5 834,852 9.22 1.80
San Francisco CA 29 14 48.3 825,863 3.51 1.70
Columbus OH 58 8 13.8 809,798 7.16 0.99
Fort Worth TX 59 20 33.9 777,992 7.58 2.57
Charlotte NC 61 22 36.1 775,202 7.87 2.84
Detroit MI 102 28 27.5 701,475 14.54 3.99
El Paso TX 54 21 38.9 672,538 8.03 3.12
Memphis TN 78 11 14.1 655,155 11.91 1.68
Boston MA 23 5 21.7 636,479 3.61 0.79
Seattle WA 27 9 33.3 634,535 4.26 1.42
Denver CO 36 18 50.0 634,265 5.68 2.84
Washington DC 15 7 46.7 632,323 2.37 1.11
Nashville-Davidson TN 56 14 25.0 624,496 8.97 2.24
Baltimore MD 27 6 22.2 621,342 4.35 0.97
Louisville-Jefferson Co. KY 59 6 10.2 605,110 9.75 0.99
Portland OR 32 14 43.8 603,106 5.31 2.32
Oklahoma City OK 83 20 24.1 599,199 13.85 3.34
Milwaukee WI 42 11 26.2 598,916 7.01 1.84
Las Vegas NV 59 15 25.4 596,424 9.89 2.51
Albuquerque NM 50 18 36.0 555,417 9.00 3.24
Tucson AZ 55 11 20.0 524,295 10.49 2.10
Fresno CA 29 14 48.3 505,882 5.73 2.77
Sacramento CA 27 6 22.2 475,516 5.68 1.26
Long Beach CA 38 14 36.8 467,892 8.12 2.99
Kansas City MO 68 13 19.1 464,310 14.65 2.80
Mesa AZ 30 8 26.7 452,084 6.64 1.77
Virginia Beach VA 15 3 20.0 447,021 3.36 0.67
Atlanta GA 43 8 18.6 443,775 9.69 1.80

Source: Population—Bureau of the Census.

196
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 124
Persons Killed, Population, and Fatality Rates by City (Continued)
Fatalities
Fatality Rate per
Pedestrians Killed 100,000 Population

Percent of
City State Total Killed Number Total Killed Population Pedestrian Total

Colorado Springs CO 29 12 41.4 431,834 6.72 2.78

Raleigh NC 34 6 17.6 423,179 8.03 1.42
Omaha NE 32 8 25.0 421,570 7.59 1.90
Miami FL 46 17 37.0 413,892 11.11 4.11
Oakland CA 18 5 27.8 400,740 4.49 1.25
Tulsa OK 47 6 12.8 393,987 11.93 1.52
Minneapolis MN 10 3 30.0 392,880 2.55 0.76
Cleveland OH 24 8 33.3 390,928 6.14 2.05
Wichita KS 27 4 14.8 385,577 7.00 1.04
Arlington TX 21 8 38.1 375,600 5.59 2.13
New Orleans LA 28 7 25.0 369,250 7.58 1.90
Bakersfield CA 33 11 33.3 358,597 9.20 3.07
Tampa FL 42 5 11.9 347,645 12.08 1.44
Honolulu HI 15 3 20.0 345,610 4.34 0.87
Anaheim CA 17 6 35.3 343,248 4.95 1.75
Aurora CO 15 5 33.3 339,030 4.42 1.47
Santa Ana CA 23 7 30.4 330,920 6.95 2.12
St. Louis MO 38 12 31.6 318,172 11.94 3.77
Riverside CA 18 5 27.8 313,673 5.74 1.59
Corpus Christi TX 27 8 29.6 312,195 8.65 2.56
Pittsburgh PA 14 3 21.4 306,211 4.57 0.98
Lexington-Fayette KY 25 5 20.0 305,489 8.18 1.64
Anchorage AK 12 7 58.3 298,610 4.02 2.34
Stockton CA 15 2 13.3 297,984 5.03 0.67
Cincinnati OH 25 4 16.0 296,550 8.43 1.35
St. Paul MN 8 4 50.0 290,770 2.75 1.38
Toledo OH 22 7 31.8 284,012 7.75 2.46
Newark NJ 20 7 35.0 277,727 7.20 2.52
Greensboro NC 25 10 40.0 277,080 9.02 3.61
Plano TX 10 0 0.0 272,068 3.68 0.00
Henderson NV 19 5 26.3 265,679 7.15 1.88
Lincoln NE 6 2 33.3 265,404 2.26 0.75
Buffalo NY 9 2 22.2 259,384 3.47 0.77
Fort Wayne IN 28 4 14.3 254,555 11.00 1.57
Jersey City NJ 9 3 33.3 254,441 3.54 1.18
Chula Vista CA 11 4 36.4 252,422 4.36 1.58
Orlando FL 29 6 20.7 249,562 11.62 2.40
St. Petersburg FL 24 5 20.8 246,541 9.73 2.03
Norfolk VA 18 4 22.2 245,782 7.32 1.63
Chandler AZ 19 2 10.5 245,628 7.74 0.81
Source: Population—Bureau of the Census.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

197
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 124
Persons Killed, Population, and Fatality Rates by City (Continued)
Fatalities
Fatality Rate per
Pedestrians Killed 100,000 Population

Percent of
City State Total Killed Number Total Killed Population Pedestrian Total

Laredo TX 12 1 8.3 244,731 4.90 0.41

Madison WI 9 2 22.2 240,323 3.74 0.83
Durham NC 17 4 23.5 239,358 7.10 1.67
Lubbock TX 22 3 13.6 236,065 9.32 1.27
Winston-Salem NC 24 6 25.0 234,349 10.24 2.56
Garland TX 12 2 16.7 233,564 5.14 0.86
Glendale AZ 22 4 18.2 232,143 9.48 1.72
Hialeah FL 18 8 44.4 231,941 7.76 3.45
Reno NV 15 6 40.0 231,027 6.49 2.60
Baton Rouge LA 40 10 25.0 230,058 17.39 4.35
Irvine CA 6 0 0.0 229,985 2.61 0.00
Chesapeake VA 13 3 23.1 228,417 5.69 1.31
Irving TX 18 4 22.2 225,427 7.98 1.77
Scottsdale AZ 14 5 35.7 223,514 6.26 2.24
North Las Vegas NV 7 2 28.6 223,491 3.13 0.89
Fremont CA 6 1 16.7 221,986 2.70 0.45
Gilbert AZ 9 0 0.0 221,140 4.07 0.00
San Bernardino CA 14 4 28.6 213,295 6.56 1.88
Boise City ID 5 0 0.0 212,303 2.36 0.00
Birmingham AL 47 7 14.9 212,038 22.17 3.30
Rochester NY 8 2 25.0 210,532 3.80 0.95
Richmond VA 16 2 12.5 210,309 7.61 0.95
Spokane WA 10 5 50.0 209,525 4.77 2.39
Des Moines IA 11 2 18.2 206,688 5.32 0.97
Montgomery AL 21 6 28.6 205,293 10.23 2.92
Modesto CA 13 4 30.8 203,547 6.39 1.97
Fayetteville NC 30 10 33.3 202,103 14.84 4.95
Tacoma WA 10 0 0.0 202,010 4.95 0.00
Shreveport LA 19 4 21.1 201,867 9.41 1.98
Fontana CA 19 3 15.8 201,812 9.41 1.49
Oxnard CA 6 2 33.3 201,555 2.98 0.99
Aurora IL 3 0 0.0 199,932 1.50 0.00
Moreno Valley CA 9 5 55.6 199,552 4.51 2.51
Akron OH 14 1 7.1 198,549 7.05 0.50
Yonkers NY 6 2 33.3 198,449 3.02 1.01
Columbus GA 20 6 30.0 198,413 10.08 3.02
Augusta-Richmond Co. GA 39 13 33.3 197,872 19.71 6.57
Little Rock AR 29 4 13.8 196,537 14.76 2.04
Amarillo TX 28 4 14.3 195,250 14.34 2.05
Mobile AL 30 8 26.7 194,822 15.40 4.11
Source: Population—Bureau of the Census.

198 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 124
Persons Killed, Population, and Fatality Rates by City (Continued)
Fatalities
Fatality Rate per
Pedestrians Killed 100,000 Population

Percent of
City State Total Killed Number Total Killed Population Pedestrian Total

Huntington Beach CA 12 4 33.3 194,708 6.16 2.05

Glendale CA 4 2 50.0 194,478 2.06 1.03
Grand Rapids MI 9 1 11.1 190,411 4.73 0.53
Salt Lake City UT 17 8 47.1 189,314 8.98 4.23
Tallahassee FL 14 3 21.4 186,971 7.49 1.60
Huntsville AL 22 5 22.7 183,739 11.97 2.72
Worcester MA 6 4 66.7 182,669 3.28 2.19
Knoxville TN 32 4 12.5 182,200 17.56 2.20
Grand Prairie TX 10 0 0.0 181,824 5.50 0.00
Newport News VA 9 3 33.3 180,726 4.98 1.66
Brownsville TX 14 4 28.6 180,097 7.77 2.22
Santa Clarita CA 12 1 8.3 179,013 6.70 0.56
Overland Park KS 9 1 11.1 178,919 5.03 0.56
Providence RI 8 2 25.0 178,432 4.48 1.12
Jackson MS 20 5 25.0 175,437 11.40 2.85
Garden Grove CA 12 4 33.3 174,389 6.88 2.29
Oceanside CA 5 0 0.0 171,293 2.92 0.00
Chattanooga TN 21 0 0.0 171,279 12.26 0.00
Fort Lauderdale FL 29 10 34.5 170,747 16.98 5.86
Rancho Cucamonga CA 5 1 20.0 170,746 2.93 0.59
Santa Rosa CA 7 4 57.1 170,685 4.10 2.34
Port St. Lucie FL 7 2 28.6 168,716 4.15 1.19
Ontario CA 17 2 11.8 167,211 10.17 1.20
Tempe AZ 5 0 0.0 166,842 3.00 0.00
Vancouver WA 8 2 25.0 165,489 4.83 1.21
Springfield MO 22 6 27.3 162,191 13.56 3.70
Cape Coral FL 9 1 11.1 161,248 5.58 0.62
Pembroke Pines FL 6 2 33.3 160,306 3.74 1.25
Sioux Falls SD 11 1 9.1 159,908 6.88 0.63
Peoria AZ 10 1 10.0 159,789 6.26 0.63
Lancaster CA 13 3 23.1 159,055 8.17 1.89
Elk Grove CA 7 1 14.3 159,038 4.40 0.63
Corona CA 10 2 20.0 158,391 6.31 1.26
Eugene OR 5 2 40.0 157,986 3.16 1.27
Salem OR 8 2 25.0 157,429 5.08 1.27
Palmdale CA 10 3 30.0 155,650 6.42 1.93
Salinas CA 3 1 33.3 154,484 1.94 0.65
Springfield MA 5 0 0.0 153,552 3.26 0.00
Pasadena TX 7 0 0.0 152,272 4.60 0.00
Rockford IL 12 1 8.3 150,843 7.96 0.66
Pomona CA 15 5 33.3 150,812 9.95 3.32
Source: Population—Bureau of the Census.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

199
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 125
Fatalities and Fatality Rates by State, 1975-2012
Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

Difference, Difference,
State 1975 1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 1975-2012 1975 1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 1975-2012

AL 902 882 1,114 996 1,148 862 865 -4% 3.63 2.51 2.20 1.76 1.92 1.34 1.33 -63%
AK 112 127 87 106 73 56 59 -47% 4.38 3.17 2.11 2.30 1.45 1.17 1.23 -72%
AZ 670 893 1,035 1,036 1,179 759 825 +23% 4.19 4.14 2.61 2.11 1.97 1.27 1.37 -67%

AR 559 534 631 652 654 571 552 -1% 4.01 3.12 2.37 2.24 2.05 1.70 1.65 -59%
CA 4,092 4,960 4,192 3,753 4,333 2,720 2,857 -30% 3.09 2.39 1.52 1.22 1.32 0.84 0.88 -72%
CO 581 579 645 681 606 450 472 -19% 3.50 2.21 1.84 1.63 1.26 0.96 1.01 -71%

CT 389 448 317 341 278 320 236 -39% 2.13 2.00 1.13 1.11 0.88 1.02 0.75 -65%
DE 122 104 121 123 133 101 114 -7% 3.37 1.94 1.61 1.49 1.40 1.13 1.24 -63%
DC 70 60 58 48 48 24 15 -79% 2.27 1.86 1.67 1.37 1.29 0.67 0.42 -81%

FL 1,998 2,832 2,805 2,999 3,518 2,444 2,424 +21% 3.24 3.22 2.19 1.99 1.75 1.25 1.27 -61%
GA 1,360 1,361 1,488 1,541 1,729 1,247 1,192 -12% 3.46 2.53 1.74 1.47 1.52 1.12 1.11 -68%
HI 144 126 130 132 140 113 126 -13% 3.47 1.86 1.64 1.55 1.39 1.13 1.25 -64%

ID 281 255 262 276 275 209 184 -35% 4.78 3.31 2.13 2.04 1.85 1.32 1.13 -76%
IL 2,041 1,534 1,586 1,418 1,363 927 956 -53% 3.56 2.17 1.68 1.38 1.27 0.88 0.91 -74%
IN 1,128 974 960 886 938 754 779 -31% 3.02 2.39 1.49 1.25 1.31 1.00 0.99 -67%

IA 670 474 527 445 450 390 365 -46% 3.75 2.35 2.03 1.51 1.45 1.24 1.16 -69%
KS 509 486 442 461 428 431 405 -20% 3.29 2.52 1.76 1.64 1.44 1.44 1.32 -60%
KY 863 712 849 820 985 760 746 -14% 3.50 2.50 2.07 1.75 2.08 1.58 1.58 -55%

LA 934 931 894 938 963 721 722 -23% 4.60 2.79 2.31 2.30 2.14 1.59 1.54 -67%
ME 223 206 187 169 169 161 164 -26% 3.14 2.22 1.49 1.19 1.13 1.11 1.16 -63%
MD 670 729 671 588 614 496 505 -25% 2.66 2.19 1.50 1.17 1.09 0.88 0.89 -67%

MA 864 742 444 433 441 347 349 -60% 2.75 1.87 0.92 0.82 0.80 0.64 0.62 -77%
MI 1,779 1,545 1,530 1,382 1,129 942 938 -47% 3.06 2.29 1.79 1.41 1.09 0.97 0.99 -68%
MN 754 608 597 625 559 411 395 -48% 2.94 1.86 1.35 1.19 0.98 0.73 0.69 -77%

MS 546 662 868 949 931 641 582 +7% 3.80 3.45 2.94 2.67 2.32 1.61 1.51 -60%
MO 1,045 931 1,109 1,157 1,257 821 826 -21% 3.41 2.37 1.87 1.72 1.83 1.16 1.21 -65%
MT 291 223 215 237 251 189 205 -30% 5.08 3.03 2.28 2.40 2.26 1.69 1.72 -66%

NE 369 237 254 276 276 190 212 -43% 3.29 1.97 1.61 1.53 1.43 0.98 1.10 -67%
NV 218 259 313 323 427 257 258 +18% 4.74 3.42 2.24 1.83 2.06 1.16 1.07 -77%
NH 151 191 118 126 166 128 108 -28% 2.85 2.53 1.11 1.05 1.24 0.98 0.84 -71%

200 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 125
Fatalities and Fatality Rates by State, 1975-2012 (Continued)
Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled

Difference, Difference,
State 1975 1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 1975-2012 1975 1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 1975-2012

NJ 1,043 964 774 731 747 556 589 -44% 2.15 1.83 1.27 1.08 1.01 0.76 0.79 -63%
NM 555 535 485 432 488 349 365 -34% 5.59 4.03 2.29 1.90 2.04 1.38 1.43 -74%
NY 2,366 2,006 1,679 1,460 1,434 1,201 1,168 -51% 3.63 2.22 1.46 1.13 1.03 0.92 0.91 -75%

NC 1,506 1,482 1,448 1,557 1,547 1,320 1,292 -14% 4.14 2.97 1.90 1.74 1.53 1.29 1.23 -70%
ND 167 90 74 86 123 105 170 +2% 3.71 1.61 1.13 1.19 1.62 1.27 1.69 -54%
OH 1,766 1,646 1,360 1,366 1,321 1,080 1,123 -36% 2.75 2.18 1.35 1.29 1.20 0.97 1.00 -64%

OK 757 744 669 650 803 668 708 -6% 3.33 2.39 1.74 1.50 1.71 1.40 1.48 -56%
OR 562 559 574 451 487 317 336 -40% 3.53 2.61 1.91 1.33 1.38 0.94 1.01 -71%
PA 2,078 1,771 1,480 1,520 1,616 1,324 1,310 -37% 3.26 2.35 1.57 1.49 1.50 1.32 1.32 -60%

RI 110 109 69 80 87 67 64 -42% 1.94 1.87 1.00 0.96 1.05 0.81 0.82 -58%
SC 820 951 881 1,065 1,094 809 863 +5% 3.98 3.56 2.28 2.34 2.21 1.65 1.76 -56%
SD 195 130 158 173 186 140 133 -32% 3.76 2.07 2.06 2.05 2.22 1.58 1.46 -61%

TN 1,126 1,101 1,259 1,307 1,270 1,032 1,014 -10% 3.42 3.03 2.24 1.99 1.79 1.47 1.42 -58%
TX 3,372 3,678 3,183 3,779 3,536 3,023 3,398 +1% 3.99 2.57 1.76 1.72 1.50 1.29 1.43 -64%
UT 272 303 325 373 282 253 217 -20% 3.42 2.52 1.73 1.65 1.12 0.95 0.82 -76%

VT 143 115 106 76 73 71 77 -46% 4.32 2.45 1.71 1.12 0.95 0.98 1.07 -75%
VA 993 976 900 929 947 740 777 -22% 2.87 2.04 1.29 1.24 1.18 0.90 0.96 -67%
WA 758 744 653 631 649 460 444 -41% 3.16 2.16 1.33 1.18 1.17 0.80 0.78 -75%

WV 461 420 376 411 374 315 339 -26% 4.36 3.32 2.16 2.14 1.82 1.64 1.76 -60%
WI 930 744 745 799 815 572 615 -34% 3.25 2.03 1.45 1.40 1.36 0.96 1.04 -68%
WY 210 152 170 152 170 155 123 -41% 5.36 2.81 2.41 1.88 1.88 1.66 1.33 -75%

USA 44,525 43,825 41,817 41,945 43,510 32,999 33,561 -25% 3.35 2.47 1.73 1.53 1.46 1.11 1.13 -66%

PR 496 600 595 568 457 340 347 -30% 7.27 5.74 3.83 3.23 2.35 1.83 1.87 -74%

Sources: Fatalities—Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Vehicle Miles Traveled—Federal Highway Administration.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

201
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012
2012
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
AL Primary Not Front All Medical reasons, model 89.5% <1 year or <20 lbs in $25 See AL Statutes
more year <1965, rural mail rear-facing infant 32-5B and 32-5-222.
than carriers/newspaper seat; 1-4 or 20-40 lbs
$25 delivery vehicles, vehicles in forward-facing CR;
operating in reverse. 5 years old (but not
yet 6) in booster
seat.
AK Primary Not All 16 years School buses, emergency 88.1% 3 years and under $50 See AK Statute
more and older vehicles, mail or in CR; 4-8 years, 28.05.095.
than newspaper delivery 20-65 lbs, and
$15 vehicles, vehicles not <57 inches tall
equipped with seat belts, in booster seat.
non-highway vehicles
(generally, off-road or
snowmobiles).
AZ Secondary Not All 8-15 years Designed for >10 82.2% <5 years, children $50 See AZ Statutes
more passengers, model year 5-8 years and not 28-907 and 28-909.
than Front 8 years <1972, rural mail carriers, more than 57 inches
$10 and older medical reasons. tall must be
restrained in a CR.
AR Primary Not Front All Model year <1972. 71.9% 5 years and under $100 See AR Statutes
more Not required when an and <60 lbs; children 27-37-706 and
than emergency exists that 60 lbs or more may 27-34-103.
$25 threatens the life of a child be in a seat belt.
or person operating a
motor vehicle. Any child
who is physically unable
because of a medical
condition (as certified by
a physician) is exempted.
CA Primary Not All 16 years Medical reasons, 95.5% <8 years in rear seat. $100 See CA Vehicle
more and older emergency vehicles, rural Code Statutes 27315
than postal service vehicles, and 27360.
$20 newspaper delivery
vehicles, recycling
vehicles, taxis.
CO Secondary $65 Front All Ambulance crew, peace 80.7% <1 year and <20 lbs $82 See CO Statutes
officer, medical reasons, in rear-facing CR; 42-4-237-7 and
passenger buses, school 1-3 and 20-40 lbs in 42-4-1701.
buses, postal service forward-facing CR;
vehicles, delivery and 4-5 and <55 inches
pickup service vehicles. in booster seat. Seat
belt allowed for 8-15
or >55 inches tall.
CT Primary $50(4) Front All Medical reasons, 86.8% <1 year or <20 lbs $60 See CT Statute
emergency vehicles other in rear-facing CR; 14-100a.
than fire-fighting apparatus, 1-6 and <60 lbs in CR;
postal service vehicles, booster seat only in
newspaper delivery seating position with
vehicles. lap and shoulder belt;
7-15 years and
>60 lbs, seat belt
permissible.
(1)
Additional processing and surcharge fees are likely to apply.
(2)
The word “All” used in this category means everyone must be restrained. For children, that may be in a CR.
(3)
May include rear-facing CRs, forward-facing CRs, and booster seats.

(4)
If a driver under 18 years old commits a violation, he/she is subject to a higher fine of $75.

Sources: NHTSA, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, “Seat Belt Use in 2012—Use Rates in the States and Territories,” Report No. DOT

HS 811 809 (July 2013), Web site www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811809.pdf. For additional information on occupant restraint laws, see Summary of

Vehicle Occupant Protection and Motorcycle Laws: Eleventh Edition, Current as of April 1, 2012, Report No. DOT HS 811 768 (November 2013),

Web site www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811768.pdf.

202 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012 (Continued)
2012
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
DE Primary $25 All 16 years Medical reasons, postal 87.9% <7 years and $25 See DE Statutes
and older service vehicles, tractors, <66 lbs in age/weight 21.48.4802 and
off-highway vehicles, appropriate restraint; 21.48.4803.
electric personal assistive 8-15 years or >66 lbs
mobility devices. in seat belt.
DC Primary $50 All 16 years Vehicles manufactured 92.4% 7 years and under; $75 See DC Statutes
and older before July 1, 1966; 8-15 years for seat 50-1801-07 and
medical reasons; all seat belt or booster. 50-1701-08.
belts occupied; seating for
>8 people, taxis
(6pm-6am).
FL Primary $30 All 6-17 years Medical reasons; 87.4% 3 years and under; $60 See FL Statutes
newspaper delivery seat belts 316.613-4.
Front 6 years vehicles; solid waste/ permissible
and older recyclable collection for children
service vehicles working 4-5 years.
designated routes; persons
traveling in the living
quarters of a recreational
vehicle or a space within a
truck body primarily
intended for merchandise
or property; school buses;
buses that transport for
compensation; farm
tractors or implements
of husbandry;
trucks >26,000 lbs.
GA Primary Not All 8-17 years Pickups, vehicles designed 92.0% Under 8 years; $50 See GA Statute
more for >10 passengers, 5 years and younger 40-8-76.
than Front 18 years off-road vehicles, vehicles in rear seat
$15 and older used for frequent stops (all if available.
seats), rural postal
vehicles, newspaper
delivery vehicles,
emergency vehicles, driver
in reverse, taxis, public
transit vehicles.
HI Primary $45 All 8-17 years Bus or school bus >10,000 93.4% 3 years and under $100 See HI Statutes
lbs, emergency vehicles, in car seat; 4-7 in maxi­ 291-11.5 and
Front 15 years taxicabs. DOT may booster seat or CR. mum 291-11.6.
and older establish additional
exemptions.
ID Secondary $10 All 7 years Vehicles >8,000 lbs, postal 79.0% 6 years and under. $79 See ID Statutes
and older vehicles, implements of 49-672 and 49-673.
husbandry, motorcycles.
IL Primary Not All 18 years Motorcycles, vehicles 93.6% 7 years and under; $75 See Statutes 625
more and under that stop frequently, children >40 lbs ILCS 5/12-6031 and
than if driver medical reasons, may use lap belt 625 ILCS 25/6.
$25 is under rural letter carriers, in rear seat if
19 years model year <1965. no 3-point belt
available.
Front 16 years
and older

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

203
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012 (Continued)
2012
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
IN Primary Not All All Medical reasons, vehicles 93.6% 7 years and under. $25 See IN Statutes
more that stop frequently, farm 9-19 - 10-11.
than vehicles, RVs, postal
$25 vehicles, non-drivers in
parades, public utility
vehicles, towing recovery
vehicles, occupant other
than operator of vehicle
used by a public utility in
an emergency.
IA Primary $50 All 17 years Delivery vehicles that do 92.4% <1 year and <20 lbs $25 See IA Statutes
and under not exceed 25 mph in rear-facing CR; 321-445 and
between stops, bus 1-5 years in CR; 321-446.
Front 18 years passengers, medical seat belts
and older reasons, model year permissible for
<1965, emergency children 6-17 years.
vehicles, motorcycles, rural
letter carriers.
KS Primary(5) $10(6) All 14-17 Designed for >10 people, 79.5% 3 years and under $60 See KS Statutes
years truck >12,000 lbs, off-road in CR; 4-7 and <80 Ch. 8, Article 25,
vehicles, postal vehicles, lbs or <57 inches tall and 8-1344.
Front 18 years vehicles delivering in CR or booster
and older newspapers. seat; seat belts
permissible for
children 8-13 years
and for children
4-7 years and >80
lbs or >57 inches tall.
KY Primary Not All All Designed for >10 people, 83.7% 40 inches tall or less CR See KY Statute
more farm trucks registered for in CR; 6 years and $50; 189.125.
than agricultural use only and under and between booster
$25 with gross weight 2,000 lbs 40 and 50 inches tall seat
or greater, motorcycles. in booster seat. $30
LA Primary $25 All(7) 13 years Vehicles with gross weight 79.3% <1 year old or $100 See LA Statutes
and older >10,000 lbs, utility vehicles <20 lbs in rear-facing 32-295 and
traveling <20 mph, model CR; 1-3 years 32-295.1.
year <1981, postal or 20-39 lbs in
vehicles, farm vehicles, forward-facing CR;
persons delivering 4-5 years or 40-60
newspapers. lbs in booster seat;
seat belts
permissible for
6-12 years or >60
lbs.
ME Primary $50 All All Medical reasons, rural mail 84.4% <40 lbs in CR; $50 See ME Statute
carriers, persons delivering 40-80 lbs and 29-A: 19, 2081.
newspapers, postal <8 years old in
vehicles, passengers riding safety system that
in taxi or limousine for hire. elevates child so
adult seat belt fits
properly; <11 years
and <100 lbs in rear
seat if available; seat
belts permissible for
children 8-17 years
or <18 years and
>57 inches tall.
(5)
Secondary enforcement for other seating positions.
(6)
The fine is $60 for violators 14-17 years old.

(7)
Louisiana HB 197 was signed by the Governor on May 29, 2012, to expand the seat belt requirement for all seating positions to include SUVs.

204 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012 (Continued)
2012
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
MD Primary Not All 15 years “Historical” vehicles, 91.1% <8 years in $25 See MD Statutes
more and under for-hire vehicles, appropriate CR 22-412.2 and
than motorcycles, trucks, buses, unless 57 inches 22.412.3.
$25 Front 16 years postal vehicles, vehicles or taller or >65 lbs.
and older built before June 1, 1964.
MA Secondary $25(8) All All Buses, trucks 18,000 lbs 72.7% 7 years and under $25 See MA Title XIV,
or more, taxis, utility and <57 inches tall; 90 MGL Section 13A
vehicles, model year seat belts and 90 MGL Section
<1966, postal vehicles, permissible for 7AA.
farm vehicles, authorized children 8-12 years
emergency vehicles, or >57 inches tall.
side-facing seat in car
owned for antique
collecting.
MI Primary $25 Front All Medical reasons, taxis, 93.6% 7 years and under $10(9) See MI Statute
buses, school buses, and <57 inches tall; 257.710e and
postal service vehicles, <4 years must be in 257.710d.
model year <1965, CR in back seat;
commercial vehicles seat belt permissible
making frequent stops. for children 8-15
years or >57 inches
tall.
MN Primary $25 All All Farm pickup trucks, postal 93.6% 7 years and under $50 See MN Statutes
vehicles, commercial and <57 inches tall; 169.685 and
vehicles making frequent seat belts 169.686.
stops and going <25 mph permissible for
between stops, vehicles children >8 years old
driving in reverse, persons or >57 inches tall.
riding in a vehicle in which
all the seating positions
equipped with seat belts
are occupied by other
persons in seat belts,
model year <1965, medical
reasons.
MS Primary $25 Front All Vehicles driving in reverse, 83.2% 3 years and under $25 See MS Statute
farm vehicles, medical in CR; 4-6 years 63-2- and 63-7-301.
reasons, buses, postal and <57 inches tall
vehicles, utility meter or <65 lbs in booster
readers’ vehicles, seat; seat belts
all-terrain vehicles, permissible for
vehicles designed to carry children >7 years
>15 persons, trailers. old, >57 inches tall,
or >65 lbs.
MO Secondary Not Front All Vehicles designed for >10 79.4% <4 years old or $50; Persons <18 years
(primary for more people, trucks >12,000 lbs, <40 lbs in car seat; $10 for operating or riding in
<16 years than postal service vehicles, 4-7 and 40-80 lbs >80 lbs a truck are required
old) $10(10) vehicles requiring frequent and <57 inches tall or >57 to wear seat belts.
entry or exit, agricultural in booster seat. If all inches See MO Statutes
vehicles. safety restraints are tall 307.178 and
in use, persons <16 307.179.1.
years old must be in
rear seat.
(8)
Drivers in Massachusetts may be fined $25 for violating the belt law themselves and $25 for each unrestrained passenger 12 to 16 years old.
(9)
The fine is $10 for children <4 years old or $25 for children 4 to 8 years old and >57 inches tall.
(10)
The fine is $50 for violators 8 to 15 years old.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

205
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012 (Continued)
2012
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
MT Secondary $20 All All Medical reasons, 76.3% <6 years and <60 lbs $100 See MT Statutes
motorcycles, vehicles 61-13-103 and
making frequent stops, 61-9-420.
occupants of motor vehicle
in which all seat belts are
being used by other
occupants.
NE Secondary $25 All 16 years Taxis, mopeds, 78.6% 5 years and under; $25 See NE Statutes
and under motorcycles, emergency seat belts 60-6, 267 and 606-6,
vehicles, model year permissible 268.
Front 18 years <1963, parade vehicles. for children
and older 6-17 years old.
NV Secondary Not All All Medical reasons, public 90.5% 6 years or under $100­ See NV Statute
more transportation vehicles, and <60 lbs. $500 484D.495.
than postal service vehicles,
$25 emergency vehicles,
delivery vehicles not
exceeding 15 mph. Any
vehicle or seating position
if the State determines
compliance is impractical.
NH No law for $50 for All 17 years — 68.6% 5 years and under $50 See NH Statute
persons 18 persons and and <55 inches tall; 265:107-a.
years or older <18 younger seat belts
(primary for years permissible for
<18 years old children 6-17 years
old). old or <6 years and
>55 inches tall.
NJ Primary $20 All All Vehicles manufactured 88.3% <8 years and $25 See NJ Statute
(secondary before 1966, medical <55 inches tall; 39:3-76.2.
for rear seat reasons, rural letter in rear seat
occupants) carriers, fewer belts than if available.
seats.
NM Primary $25 All All Vehicles >10,000 lbs, 91.4% <1 year in rear- $25 See NM Statutes
medical reasons, facing CR, in rear 66-7-369 and
rural letter carriers. seat if available; 66-7-362.
1-4 or <40 lbs in CR;
5-6 or <60 lbs
in booster seat.
NY Primary Not All 15 years Buses, school buses, taxis, 90.4% <3 years unless $100 See NY Statute
more and under liveries, emergency >40 lbs and no 1229-c.
than vehicles, rural letter lap/shoulder belt
$50 Front All carriers. available; 4-7 years
unless no
lap/shoulder belt
available.
NC Primary $25.50 All All Medical reasons, farm 87.5% 7 years and under $25 See NC Statutes
(secondary ($10 vehicles, postal vehicles, and <80 lbs; seat 20-135.2A and
for rear seat for rear designated commercial belts permissible for 20-137.1C.
occupants) seat) vehicles, delivery vehicles 8-15 years or 40-80
traveling <20 mph, lbs in seats without
trash/recycling trucks. shoulder belts.
ND Secondary Not All 17 years Designed for >10 people, 80.9% 6 years and under $25 See ND Statutes
more and under farm vehicles, rural mail and <57 inches tall 39.21-41.1-2.
than Front All carriers, medical reasons, or <80 lbs.
$20 all front seat belts in use by
other occupants.

206 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012 (Continued)
2012
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
OH Secondary $30 All 8-14 years Postal service vehicles, 82.0% 4 years and under or $75(11) See OH Statute
driver medical reasons, vehicles <40 lbs in CR; 4513.263.
$20 Front 15 years delivering newspapers. 4-8 years and
passen­ and older <57 inches in
ger booster seat; seat
belts permissible for
children 8-14 years.
OK Primary Not All All Farm vehicles, RVs, 83.8% 5 years and under. $50 See OK Statute
more motorcycles, motorized 47-12-417.
than Front 12 years bicycles, postal service
$20 and older vehicles, school buses,
taxicabs, emergency
vehicles.
OR Primary Not All All Vehicles in interstate 96.8% <1 year or <20 lbs in Not See OR Statutes
more commerce, designed for rear-facing car seat; more 811.210 to 811.225.
than >15 passengers, <40 lbs in CR; than
$250 newspaper and mail >40 lbs and <57 $250
vehicles, meter and transit inches or <8 years
vehicles, for-hire vehicles, in safety system that
trash trucks, emergency elevates the child so
vehicles, taxicab operators. that an adult seat
belts fits properly.
PA Secondary $10 All 8-17 years Vehicles manufactured 83.5% 7 years and under. $75 See PA Statute
before 1966, medical 75.4581.
Front 18 years reasons, trucks >7,000 lbs,
and older rural letter carriers, delivery
vehicles, vehicles traveling
<15 mph.
RI Primary(12) $85 All All Vehicles manufactured 77.5% 7 years and $75 See RI Statute
before 1966, medical under and <80 lbs 32.22-22.
reasons, postal service and <54 inches tall
vehicles. in rear seat
if available.
SC Primary Not All All Medical reasons, 90.5% <1 year or <20 lbs $150 See SC Statutes
more emergency vehicles, postal in rear-facing CR; 1-5 56-5-6520 and
than service vehicles, delivery and 20-39 lbs in 56-5-6410.
$25 vehicles, parade vehicles; forward-facing CR;
school, church, or day care 1-5 and 40-80 lbs in
buses; public booster seat secured
transportation vehicles by lap/shoulder belt
except taxis, vehicles in (lap belt alone is
which all seating positions not permissible);
with seat belts are already <5 years in rear seat
occupied, persons if available.
occupying vehicles not
originally equipped with
seat belts.
SD Secondary $25 All 17 years Motorcycles, motorized 66.5% <5 years and $25 See SD Statute
and under bicycles, vehicles <40 lbs. 32.38.
manufactured before 1973,
Front 18 years medical reasons,
and older passenger buses, school
buses, farm vehicles, rural
mail carriers, newspaper or
periodical delivery vehicles.
(11)
In Ohio, the law is secondary for children 4 to 14 years old.
(12)
Rhode Island’s primary seat belt law included a sunset provision that reverted the law to secondary enforcement on June 30, 2013.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

207
 Chapter 5 ¡ States
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012 (Continued)
2012
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
TN Primary Not All All Vehicles >8,500 lbs, rural 83.7% <1 year or 20 lbs or $50 See TN Statutes
more letter carriers, utility less in rear-facing 55-9-602 and
than workers, newspaper CR; 1-3 and >20 lbs 55-9-603.
$50(13) delivery vehicles, in forward-facing CR;
automobile salespersons 4-8 and <57 inches
who drive <50 miles per tall in booster seat;
day on average, parade <8 and <57 inches
vehicles, hayrides crossing in rear seat if
a highway from one field available.
to another if operated at
<15 mph.
TX Primary $50 All All Farm vehicles <48,000 lbs, 94.0% 7 years and under $25- See TX Statute
postal service vehicles, unless >57 inches $250 Sec. 545.412.
newspaper delivery tall.
vehicles, meter readers.
UT Secondary Not All All Vehicles manufactured 81.9% 7 years or under $45 See UT Statute
(primary for more before 1966, medical and <57 inches tall; 41-6a-1803.
drivers and than reasons, all seats occupied seat belt permissible
occupants $45 or person is riding in a for 8-15 years old
18 years seating position not or >57 inches tall.
and younger) equipped with seat belts.
VT Secondary $25 All All Buses, taxis, rural mail 84.2% <1 year or <20 lbs $25 See VT Statutes
(primary for carriers, delivery vehicles in rear-facing CR; 23-1258 – 23-1259.
drivers and traveling <15 mph, 2-7 years and >20
occupants emergency vehicles, farm lbs in rear seat
17 years and tractors, vehicles ordered unless front
younger) by emergency personnel to passenger airbag
evacuate persons from is deactivated; seat
stricken area. belts permissible
for 8-15 years old
and >20 lbs.
VA Secondary $25 All 17 years Medical reasons, trucks 78.4% 7 years and under; $50 See VA Statutes
(primary for and under >10,000 lbs, school buses, rear-facing devices in 46.2-1094 and
passengers motor homes, taxis, police rear seat if available; 46.2-1098.
17 years Front 18 years vehicles enforcing parking if not, in front seat,
and younger and older or transporting prisoners, only if front
in all seats) law enforcement officers passenger airbag
when seat belts are is deactivated.
impractical, rural mail
carriers, newspaper
delivery vehicles, utility
meter readers, commercial
vehicles making frequent
stops.
WA Primary $124 All All Medical reasons, vehicles 96.9% 8 years and under $124 See WA Statutes
designed for >10 people, and <57 inches tall; 46.63.110 and
when all designated 13 years and under 46.61.688.
seating positions are in rear seat
occupied; vehicles if practical.
exempted by State
regulation, including farm
construction or commercial
vehicles making frequent
stops.
(13)
In lieu of a court appearance, a first offender may pay a fine of $10; for a second or subsequent offense, the fine is $20.

208 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 126
Key Provisions of Occupant Restraint Laws and Seat Belt Use Rates in 2012 (Continued)
2012
Seat Belt Required Observed
Enforcement Base Seat Belt Child Restraint Base Additional
State Type Fine (1) Seats (2) Ages (3) Exemptions Use Rate (CR) Required Fine Information
WV Secondary(14) Not All 8-17 years Motorcycles, vehicles 84.0% 7 years and under $20 See WV Statutes
more designed for >10 people, and <57 inches tall. 17C-15-46 and
than Front All vehicles manufactured 17C-15-49.
$25 before 1967, medical
reasons, rural mail carriers,
trailers. All seat belts in use
and vehicle contains more
passengers than total
number of seat belts or
other safety devices
installed in compliance with
Federal motor vehicle
safety standards.
WI Primary $10 All All Emergency vehicles in 79.9% <1 year or <20 lbs $10­ See WI Statute
which compliance could in rear-facing CR; $75(15) 347.48.
endanger passengers; 1-3 and 20-40 lbs in
taxis, farm trucks engaged forward-facing CR,
in farming, rural mail in rear seat if
carriers, land surveyors. available; 4-7 and
40-80 lbs in booster
seat.
WY Secondary Not All All Medical reasons, postal 77.0% 8 years and younger $50 See WY Statute
more vehicles; excess in rear seat maxi­ 31-5-1401.
than passengers exempted if all if available. mum
$25(16) seats occupied.
(14)
Upgraded to primary enforcement on May 23, 2013, effective July 9, 2013.
(14)
Penalty not less than $30 or more than $75 for violation involving child <4 years and not less than $10 or more than $25 for child 4 to 8 years.
(15)
Not less than $10 for passenger or more than $25 for driver.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

209
 Chapter 5 � States
Table 127
History of State Motorcycle Helmet Laws
Effective Date
State of Original Law* Effective Date of Repeal/Amendment
AL 11/06/67
AK 01/01/71 06/23/76 Repealed for operators 18 and older.
AZ 01/01/69 05/27/76 Repealed for 18 and older.
AR 06/29/67 07/31/97 Repealed for 21 and older.
CA 01/01/85** 01/01/92 Reinstated for all.
CO 07/01/69 05/20/77 Repealed.
07/01/07 Reinstated for under 18.
CT 10/01/67 06/01/76 Repealed.
01/01/90 Reinstated for under 18.
DE 06/21/68 06/10/78 Repealed for 19 and older. All riders must have helmet in their possession.
07/17/84 Helmet required for instruction permit holders.
DC 02/11/70
FL 09/13/67 07/01/00 Repealed for 21 and older if covered by insurance of at least $10,000 in medical benefits.
GA 07/01/69
HI 06/04/67 06/07/77 Repealed for 18 and older.
ID 01/01/68 03/29/78 Repealed for 18 and older.
IL 07/01/69 07/01/70 No helmet law for any motorcyclists since 1970 repeal.
IN 07/26/67 09/01/77 Repealed.
01/01/84 Reinstated for under 18.
IA 09/01/75 07/01/76 No helmet law for any motorcyclists since 1976 repeal.
KS 07/01/67 07/01/70 Repealed for 21 and older.
07/01/72 Reinstated for all.
07/01/76 Repealed for 16 and older.
07/01/79 Reinstated for 16 and 17.
KY 06/13/68 07/15/98 Repealed for 21 and older provided operator has held motorcycle license for 1 year and has
provided proof of health insurance when registering motorcycle.
07/04/00 Health insurance requirement repealed.
LA 07/31/68 10/01/76 Repealed for 18 and older.
01/01/82 Reinstated for all.
08/15/99 Repealed for age 18 and over if covered by insurance of at least $10,000 in medical benefits.
08/15/04 Reinstated for all.
ME 10/07/67 10/24/77 Repealed.
07/03/80 Reinstated for under 15.
09/23/83 Required for holders of instruction permits, for licensees holding license for 1 year or less, and
for passengers if required for operator.
09/01/09 Reinstated for 16 and 17, instruction permit holders, operators licensed for less than 1 year,
and passengers (regardless of age) if required for operator.
MD 07/01/68 07/01/79 Repealed for 18 and older.
10/01/92 Reinstated for all.
MA 05/22/67
MI 03/10/67 06/12/68 All riders required to have helmet in their possession.
07/29/69 Reinstated for all.
04/13/12 Repealed for 21 and older with at least $20,000 medical insurance coverage and motorcycle
endorsement on driver’s license for at least 2 years, or passed a motorcycle safety course, and
for 19 and older operating a moped on a public thoroughfare.
MN 05/01/68 04/06/77 Repealed for 18 and older. Helmet required for holders of instruction permits.
MS 03/28/74
MO 09/28/67
MT 07/01/73 07/01/77 Repealed for 18 and older.
NE 05/29/67 09/02/77 Repealed (law was never enforced).
01/01/89 Reinstated for all.
NV 01/01/72
NH 09/05/67 08/07/77 Repealed for 18 and older until Federal law ceases to require a motorcycle helmet law as a
condition for receipt of Federal funds.
09/30/95 Repealed for all when Federal law requiring helmet laws for Federal funds was voided.
*Original law applied to all motorcyclists, unless otherwise noted.
**Applied only to riders under 15½.
210 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Chapter 5 � States
Table 127
History of State Motorcycle Helmet Laws (Continued)
Effective Date
State of Original Law* Effective Date of Repeal/Amendment
NJ 01/01/68
NM 06/16/67 03/31/77 Repealed for 18 and older.
NY 01/01/67
NC 01/01/68
ND 07/01/67 07/01/77 Repealed except for operators under 18 and passengers, regardless of age, if required for
operator.
OH 01/01/68 07/10/78 Repealed except for riders under 18; operators having motorcycle license less than 1 year; and
passengers if required for operator.
OK 04/27/67 04/01/69 Repealed for 21 and older.
11/01/75 Reinstated for all.
05/21/76 Repealed for 18 and older.
OR 01/01/68 10/04/77 Repealed for 18 and older.
06/16/88 Reinstated for all (by voter referendum).
PA 07/15/68 09/04/03 Repealed for operator 21 and older if operator has held motorcycle license for at least 2 years
or has completed rider education. Repealed for passenger 21 and older if operator is exempt.
RI 04/04/67 05/21/76 Repealed for all operators. Required for all passengers.
07/01/92 Required for operators under 21, operators licensed for 1 year or less, and all passengers.
SC 07/01/67 06/16/80 Repealed for 21 and older.
SD 07/01/67 07/01/77 Repealed for 18 and older.
TN 06/04/67
TX 01/01/68 08/29/77 Repealed for 18 and older.
09/01/89 Reinstated for all.
09/01/97 Repealed for 21 and older who have completed rider education or are covered by insurance of
at least $10,000 in medical benefits.
UT 05/13/69 05/10/77 Repealed for 18 and older. Required for 17 and under on roads posted for speeds higher than
35 mph.
VT 03/06/68
VA 06/26/70
WA 06/08/67 09/21/77 Repealed.
07/26/87 Reinstated for under 18.
06/07/90 Reinstated for all.
WV 05/25/71
WI 07/01/68 03/19/78 Repealed except for under 18 and instruction permit holders.
WY 05/24/73 05/27/83 Repealed for 19 and older.
07/01/93 Repealed for 18 and older.
PR 07/20/60
Sources: Motorcycle Industry Council, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Highway Data Loss Institute.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

211
APPENDIXES

 APPENDIX A � FARS DATA ELEMENTS

2012 Fatality Analysis Reporting System Data Elements
Crash Level
Arrival Time EMS Number of Forms Submitted
Atmospheric Conditions for Persons Not in Motor Vehicles
City Number of Motor Vehicle Occupant Forms
County Submitted
Crash Date Number of Vehicle Forms Submitted
Crash Events Rail Grade Crossing Identifier
Crash Time Related Factors—Crash Level
EMS Time at Hospital Relation to Junction
First Harmful Event Roadway Function Class
Global Position Route Signing
Light Condition School Bus Related
Manner of Collision Special Jurisdiction
Milepoint State
National Highway System Trafficway Identifier
Notification Time EMS Work Zone
Vehicle Level
Areas of Impact Pre-Impact Stability
Attempted Avoidance Maneuver Registered Vehicle Owner
Body Type Registration State
Bus Use Related Factors—Vehicle Level
Cargo Body Type Roadway Alignment
Contributing Circumstance, Motor Vehicle Roadway Grade
Crash Type Roadway Surface Conditions
Critical Event—Precrash (Category) Roadway Surface Type
Critical Event—Precrash (Event) Rollover
Device Functioning Sequence of Events
Emergency Use Special Use
Extent of Damage Speed Limit
Fire Occurrence Total Lanes in Roadway
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating/ Traffic Control Device
Gross Combination Weight Rating Trafficway Description
Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard Travel Speed
Hit-and-Run Underride/Override
Jackknife Unit Type
Location of Rollover Vehicle Configuration
Model Year Vehicle Identification Number
Most Harmful Event Vehicle Make
Motor Carrier Identification Number Vehicle Model
Number of Occupants Vehicle Number
Pre-Event Movement Vehicle Removal
(Prior to Recognition of Critical Event) Vehicle Trailing
Pre-Impact Location

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

215
 Appendix A � FARS Data Elements
2012 Fatality Analysis Reporting System Data Elements (Continued)
Driver Level
Commercial Motor Vehicle License Status Driver’s Vision Obscured By
Compliance with Commercial Drivers License (CDL) Driver’s Zip Code
Endorsements License Compliance with Class of Vehicle
Compliance with License Restrictions Non-CDL License Type Status
Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash Previous DWI Convictions
Date of First Crash, Suspension, Conviction Previous Other Harmful Motor Vehicle Convictions
Date of Last Crash, Suspension, Conviction Previous Recorded Crashes
Driver Distracted By Previous Recorded Suspensions and Revocations
Driver Height Previous Speeding Convictions
Driver Maneuvered to Avoid Related Factors – Driver Level
Driver Presence Speed Related
Driver Weight Vehicle Number
Driver’s License State Violations Charged
Person (Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Age Method of Alcohol Determination by Police
Air Bag Deployed Method of Drug Determination by Police
Alcohol Test Number
Any Indication of Misuse—Restraint System/ Person Number
Helmet Use Person Type
Death Date Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement
Death Time Police-Reported Drug Involvement
Died at Scene/En Route Race/Hispanic Origin
Drug Test Related Factors—Person
Ejection (Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Ejection Path Restraint System/Helmet Use
Extrication Seating Position
Fatal Injury at Work Sex
Injury Severity Transported to Medical Facility By
Person (Not Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Age Nonmotorist Location at Time of Crash
Alcohol Test Nonmotorist Safety Equipment
Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash Number of Motor Vehicle Striking Nonoccupant
Death Date Pedestrian/Bike Typing
Death Time Person Number
Died at Scene/En Route Person Type
Drug Test Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement
Fatal Injury at Work Police-Reported Drug Involvement
Injury Severity Race/Hispanic Origin
Method of Alcohol Determination by Police Related Factors—Person
Method of Drug Determination by Police (Not a Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Nonmotorist Action/Circumstances at Time of Crash Transported to Medical Facility By
Nonmotorist Action/Circumstances Prior to Crash

216 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 APPENDIX B � GES DATA ELEMENTS

2012 General Estimates System Data Elements
Crash Level
Atmospheric Conditions Number of Nonmotorists
Crash Date Number of Parked/Working Vehicles
Crash Events Relation to Junction
Crash Time (Non-Interchange vs. Interchange)
First Harmful Event Relation to Junction (Specific Location)
Global Position Relation to Trafficway
Interstate Highway School Bus Related
Light Condition Type of Intersection
Manner of Collision Work Zone
Number of In-Transport Motor Vehicles
Vehicle Level
Accident Type Movement Prior to Critical Event
Area of Impact Number of Occupants
Area of Impact—Most Damaged Number of Occupants Coded
Body Type Pre-Crash Location
Bus Use Pre-Crash Vehicle Control
Cargo Body Type Roadway Alignment
Contributing Circumstances, Motor Vehicle Roadway Grade
Corrective Action Attempted Roadway Surface Condition
Critical Event Rollover
Device Functioning Special Use
Emergency Use Speed Limit
Extent of Damage Total Lanes in Roadway
Fire Occurrence Traffic Control Device
Hazardous Material Class Number Trafficway Description
Hazardous Material Involvement/Placard Travel Speed
Hazardous Materials Release Vehicle Configuration
Hit-and-Run Vehicle Identification Number
Jackknife Vehicle Make
Location of Rollover Vehicle Model
Model Year Vehicle Number
Most Harmful Event Vehicle Removal
Motor Carrier Identification Number Vehicle Trailing

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

217
 Appendix B � GES Data Elements
2012 General Estimates System Data Elements (Continued)
Driver Level
Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash Driver’s Zip Code
Driver Distracted By Speed Related
Driver Maneuvered to Avoid Vehicle Number
Driver Presence Violations Charged
Driver’s Vision Obscured By
Person (Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Age Person Type
Air Bag Deployed Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement
Alcohol Test Police-Reported Drug Involvement
Any Indication of Misuse—Restraint System/ Restraint System/Helmet Use
Helmet Use Seating Position
Drug Test Sex
Ejection Taken to Hospital or Treatment Facility
Injury Severity Vehicle Number
Person Number
Person (Not Motor Vehicle Occupant) Level
Age Nonmotorist Safety Equipment
Alcohol Test Pedestrian/Bike Typing
Condition (Impairment) at Time of Crash Person Number
Drug Test Person Type
Injury Severity Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement
Nonmotorist Action/Circumstances at Time of Crash Police-Reported Drug Involvement
Nonmotorist Action/Circumstances Prior to Crash Sex
Nonmotorist Location at Time of Crash Taken to Hospital or Treatment Facility

218 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 APPENDIX C � GES TECHNICAL NOTES

Standard Errors
The national estimates produced from GES data may differ from the true values, because they are based on a
probability sample of crashes and not a census of all crashes. The size of these differences may vary depending on
which sample of crashes was selected. [For a complete description of the GES sampling design, see National
Accident Sampling System General Estimates System Technical Note (DOT HS 807 796) available from NCSA.]
The standard error of an estimate is a measure of the precision or reliability with which an estimate from this
particular GES sample approximates the results of a census.

In a report of this size, it is impractical to provide standard errors for each estimate. Instead, generalized standard
errors for estimates of totals are provided in the following table. Generalized errors were calculated separately for
the crash, vehicle, and people characteristics. The values for the GES estimates and an estimate of one standard
error are given in Table C1 on the following page. By adding and subtracting two standard errors, a 95 percent
confidence interval can be created for the GES estimates in this report. For example, the estimated number of
injury crashes that occurred in the month of March is given in Table 24 as 136,000. To calculate one standard
error for this crash estimate, use Table C1. Since 136,000 does not appear in the Crash Estimate column of Table
C1, use linear interpolation from the standard error values for 100,000 (8,100) and 200,000 (15,200). One
standard error would be approximately 10,700. The 95 percent confidence interval for this estimate would be
136,000 ± 2 × 10,700 or 114,600 to 157,400.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

219
 Appendix C � GES Technical Notes
Table C1
2012 GES Estimates and Standard Errors
Crash Crash Vehicle Vehicle Person Person
Estimate Standard Error Estimate Standard Error Estimate Standard Error
(x) (SE) * (x) (SE) ** (x) (SE) ***
1,000 300 1,000 400 1,000 400
5,000 800 5,000 1,000 5,000 900
6,000 900 10,000 1,600 10,000 1,400
7,000 1,000 20,000 2,700 20,000 2,200
8,000 1,100 30,000 3,700 30,000 3,000
9,000 1,200 40,000 4,700 40,000 3,700
10,000 1,300 50,000 5,700 50,000 4,400
20,000 2,200 60,000 6,600 60,000 5,100
30,000 3,000 70,000 7,500 70,000 5,800
40,000 3,800 80,000 8,400 80,000 6,400
50,000 4,500 90,000 9,300 90,000 7,100
60,000 5,300 100,000 10,200 100,000 7,700
70,000 6,000 200,000 19,200 200,000 13,900
80,000 6,700 300,000 28,300 300,000 20,000
90,000 7,400 400,000 37,500 400,000 26,000
100,000 8,100 500,000 46,900 500,000 32,100
200,000 15,200 600,000 56,400 600,000 38,200
300,000 22,300 700,000 66,100 700,000 44,300
400,000 29,400 800,000 75,900 800,000 50,400
500,000 36,700 900,000 85,800 900,000 56,600
600,000 44,100 1,000,000 95,900 1,000,000 62,800
700,000 51,600 2,000,000 203,700 2,000,000 127,100
800,000 59,100 3,000,000 322,000 3,000,000 195,200
900,000 66,800 4,000,000 448,900 4,000,000 266,500
1,000,000 74,600 5,000,000 583,500 5,000,000 340,700
2,000,000 157,300 6,000,000 724,900 6,000,000 417,500
3,000,000 247,500 7,000,000 872,600 7,000,000 496,800
4,000,000 344,000 8,000,000 1,026,300 8,000,000 578,300
5,000,000 446,000 9,000,000 1,185,400 9,000,000 661,900
6,000,000 552,900 10,000,000 1,349,800 10,000,000 747,600
6,500,000 608,100 11,000,000 1,519,100 11,000,000 835,100
7,000,000 664,400 12,000,000 1,693,300 12,000,000 924,500
a + b (ln x ) 2 a + b (ln x ) 2 a + b (ln x ) 2
* SE = e , where ** SE = e , where *** SE = e , where
a = 3.969060 a = 4.149790 a = 4.187610
b = 0.037990 b = 0.038360 b = 0.035940

220 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Appendix C � GES Technical Notes

Unknowns
GES data are obtained either directly from an item on the PAR or by interpreting the information provided in the
report through reviewing the crash diagram, the Officer’s written summary of the crash, or combinations of
variables on the PAR. Because of this interpretation, and because the police officer may not have entered some
item of information or provided complete information, data can be missing. Prior to 2010 data, two different
statistical procedures were used on GES data to complete values for unknown data. These procedures, univariate
and hotdeck imputation, are described in a technical report available from NCSA, Imputation in the General
Estimates System (DOT HS 807 985). Imputation by sequential regression was instituted in 2010, using a
software package called IVEware that was developed at the University of Michigan. In this method, covariates are
selected automatically using stepwise regression. Because it can be done in an automated fashion, this method
replaced both univariate and hotdeck imputation in 2010. The only exception was body type, which was imputed
in a univariate method. Table C2 below gives the reader the proportions of unknown values prior to imputation for
variables with imputed values that were used in this report.

Table C2
Percent of Unknowns for 2012 GES Data Elements
Crash Level

Atmospheric Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4% Light Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7%

Crash Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0% Manner of Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3%
Day of Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0% Minute of Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6%
First Harmful Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1% Relation to Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5%
Hour of Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6% Relation to Trafficway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1%

Vehicle/Driver Level

Initial Point of Impact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9% Speed Limit* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7%

Most Harmful Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4% Traffic Control Device* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3%
Roadway Surface Condition* . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9% Vehicle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5%

Vehicle/Driver Level

Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3% Seating Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0%

Injury Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6% Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9%

*Roadway Surface Condition, Speed Limit, and Traffic Control Device elements were moved from the Crash level to the

Vehicle level in 2010.

Note: For some data elements, counts for the GES category “Not Reported On” were combined with counts for “Unknown” in

the frequencies above.

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

221
 GLOSSARY
Alcohol Involvement Combination Truck
NHTSA defines a fatal crash as alcohol-related or A truck tractor not pulling a trailer; a tractor pulling
alcohol-involved if at least one driver or nonoccupant at least one full or semi-trailer; or a single-unit truck
(such as a pedestrian or pedalcyclist) involved in the pulling at least one trailer.
crash is determined to have had a Blood Alcohol
Concentration (BAC) of .01 gram per deciliter Crash
(g/dL) or higher. Thus, any fatality that occurs in an An event that produces injury and/or property dam­
alcohol-related crash is considered an alcohol-related age, involves a motor vehicle in transport, and occurs
fatality. on a trafficway or while the vehicle is still in motion
NHTSA defines a nonfatal crash as alcohol-related after running off the trafficway.
or alcohol-involved if police indicate on the police
accident report that there is evidence of alcohol pres­ Crash Severity
ent. The code does not necessarily mean that a driver 1. Fatal Crash. A police-reported crash involving a
or nonoccupant was tested for alcohol. motor vehicle in transport on a trafficway in which
The term “alcohol-related” or “alcohol-involved” does at least one person dies within 30 days of the crash.
not indicate that a crash or fatality was caused by the 2. Injury Crash. A police-reported crash that in­
presence of alcohol. volves a motor vehicle in transport on a trafficway
in which no one died but at least one person was
Alcohol-Impaired Driving Crashes reported to have: (1) an incapacitating injury; (2) a
Crashes that involve at least one driver or motorcycle visible but not incapacitating injury; (3) a possible,
rider (operator) with a BAC of .08 g/dL or higher. not visible injury; or (4) an injury of unknown
Thus, any crash involving a driver or motorcycle rider severity.
with a BAC of .08 g/dL or higher is considered to be 3. Property-Damage-Only Crash. A police-reported
an alcohol-impaired driving crash. crash involving a motor vehicle in transport on a
trafficway in which no one involved in the crash
Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities
suffered any injuries.
Fatalities in crashes that involve at least one driver or
motorcycle rider (operator) with a BAC of .08 g/dL Crash Type
or higher. Thus, any fatality occurring in a crash in­ Single-vehicle or multiple-vehicle crash.
volving a driver or motorcycle rider with a BAC of
.08 g/dL or higher is considered to be an alcohol- Day
impaired driving fatality.
From 6 a.m. to 5:59 p.m.
Blood Alcohol Concentration
Driver
The BAC is measured as a percentage by weight of
alcohol in the blood (g/dL). A positive BAC level An occupant of a vehicle who is in physical control of
(.01 g/dL and higher) indicates that alcohol was con­ a motor vehicle in transport, or for an out-of-control
sumed by the person tested; a BAC level of .08 g/dL vehicle, an occupant who was in control until control
or more indicates that the person was alcohol- was lost.
impaired. Ejection
Body Type Refers to occupants being totally or partially thrown
Detailed type of motor vehicle within a vehicle type. from the vehicle as a result of an impact or rollover.

Bus First Harmful Event

Any motor vehicle designed primarily to transport The first event during a crash that caused injury or
large groups of passengers (nine or more persons, in­ property damage.
cluding the driver). Includes school buses, inter-city
buses, and transit buses.
2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES
223
 Glossary
Fixed Object Manner of Collision
Stationary structures or substantial vegetation at­ A classification for crashes in which the first harmful
tached to the terrain. event was a collision between two motor vehicles in
transport and is described as one of the following:
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
Angle. Collisions which are not head-on, rear-end,
The maximum rated capacity of a vehicle, including rear-to-rear, or sideswipe.
the weight of the base vehicle, all added equipment,
driver and passengers, and all cargo loaded into or on Head-on. Refers to a collision where the front end
the vehicle. Actual weight may be less than or greater of one vehicle collides with the front-end of an­
than GVWR. other vehicle while the two vehicles are traveling in
opposite directions.
Initial Impact Point Rear-end. A collision in which one vehicle collides
The first impact point that produced personal injury with the rear of another vehicle.

or property damage, regardless of First or Most Sideswipe. A collision in which the sides of both

Harmful Event. vehicles sustain minimal engagements.

Injury Severity Most Harmful Event

The police-reported injury severity of the person (i.e.,
The event during a crash for a particular vehicle
occupant, pedestrian, or pedalcyclist).
that is judged to have produced the greatest personal
1. Killed (Fatal) injury or property damage.
2. Injured (Incapacitating injury, evident injury but
not incapacitating, complaint of injury, or injured, Motor Vehicle in Transport
severity unknown). A motor vehicle in motion on the trafficway or any
3. No injury. other motor vehicle on the roadway, including
stalled, disabled, or abandoned vehicles.
Jackknife
Jackknife can occur at any time during the crash Motorcycle
sequence. In this report, jackknifing is restricted to A two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle designed
truck tractors pulling a trailing unit in which the trail­ to transport one or two people, including motor-
ing unit and the pulling vehicle rotate with respect to scooters, minibikes, and mopeds.
each other.
Motorcycle Rider
Junction
The operator (driver) of a motorcycle.
Area formed by the connection of two roadways,
including intersections, interchange areas, and Motorcyclist
entrance/exit ramps.
Any person riding on a motorcycle, including the
Land Use motorcycle rider (operator) and any passenger (a per­
son riding on, but not in control of, the motorcycle).
The crash location (urban or rural).
Large Trucks Night
Trucks over 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight From 6 p.m. to 5:59 a.m.
rating, including single unit trucks and truck tractors.
Noncollision
Light Trucks A class of crash in which the first harmful event does
Trucks of 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating not involve a collision with a fixed object, nonfixed
or less, including pickups, vans, truck-based station object, or a motor vehicle. This includes overturn,
wagons, and utility vehicles. fire/explosion, falls from a vehicle, and injuries in a
vehicle.
224 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Glossary
Nonoccupant Passenger
Any person who is not an occupant of a motor vehicle Any occupant of a motor vehicle who is not a driver.
in transport and includes the following:
Passenger Car
1. Pedestrians
Motor vehicles used primarily for carrying passen­
2. Pedalcyclists gers, including convertibles, sedans, and station
3. Occupants of parked motor vehicles wagons.
4. Others such as joggers, skateboard riders, people
riding on animals, and persons riding in animal- Pedalcyclist
drawn conveyances. A person on a vehicle that is powered solely by pedals.

Nonoccupant Location Pedestrian

The location of nonoccupants at time of impact. Any person not in or upon a motor vehicle or other
Intersection locations are coded only if nonoccupants vehicle.
were struck in the area formed by a junction of
two or more trafficways. Non-intersection location Restraint Use
may include nonoccupants struck on a junction of The occupant’s use of available vehicle restraints,
a driveway/alley access and a named trafficway. including lap belt, shoulder belt, or automatic belt.
Nonoccupants who are occupants of motor vehicles
not in transport are coded with respect to the location Roadway
of the vehicle. That part of a trafficway designed, improved, and
ordinarily used for motor vehicle travel.
Objects Not Fixed
Objects that are movable or moving but are not Roadway Function Class
motor vehicles. Includes pedestrians, pedalcyclists, The classification describing the character of service
animals, or trains (e.g., spilled cargo in roadway). the street or highway is intended to provide. Includes
the following:
Occupant
Interstates. Limited access divided facilities of at
Any person who is in or upon a motor vehicle in least four lanes designated by the Federal Highway
transport. Includes the driver, passengers, and per­ Administration as part of the Interstate System.
sons riding on the exterior of a motor vehicle.
Other Freeways and Expressways. All urban prin­
Other Vehicle cipal arterial with limited control of access not on
Consists of the following types of vehicles: the Interstate system.
1. Large limousine (more than four side doors or Other Principal Arterials. Major streets or high­
stretched chassis) ways, many with multi-lane or freeway design,
2. Three-wheel automobile or automobile derivative serving high-volume traffic corridor movements
that connect major generators of travel.
3. Van-based motorhome
Minor Arterials. Streets and highways linking
4. Light-truck-based motorhome (chassis mounted)
cities and larger towns in rural areas in distributing
5. Large-truck-based motorhome trips to small geographic areas in urban areas (not
6. ATV (all terrain vehicle, including dune/swamp penetrating identifiable neighborhoods).
buggy) and ATC (all terrain cycle) Collectors. In rural areas, routes serving intra­
7. Snowmobile county, rather than State-wide travel. In urban
8. Farm equipment other than trucks areas, streets providing direct access to neighbor­
9. Construction equipment other than trucks hoods as well as direct access to arterials.
(includes graders) Local Streets and Roads. Streets whose primary
10. Other type vehicle (includes go-cart, fork lift, city purpose is feeding higher order systems, providing
streetsweeper). direct access with little or no through traffic.
2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES
225
 Glossary
Rollover Trafficway
Rollover is defined as any vehicle rotation of 90 Any road, street, or highway open to the public as a
degrees or more about any true longitudinal or lateral matter of right or custom for moving persons or
axis. Includes rollovers occurring as a first harmful property from one place to another.
event or subsequent event.
Vehicle
Seating Position
See Motor Vehicle in Transport.
The location of the occupants in the vehicle. More
than one can be assigned the same seat position; Vehicle Type
however, this is allowed only when a person is sitting
on someone’s lap. A series of motor vehicle body types that have been
grouped together because of their design similarities.
School Bus Related Crash The principal vehicle types used in this report are
Any crash in which a vehicle, regardless of body passenger car, light truck, large truck, motorcycle,
design, used as a school bus is directly or indirectly bus, and other vehicle. See the definition of each of
involved, such as a crash involving school children the vehicle types elsewhere in this glossary.
alighting from a vehicle.
Weekday
Single-Unit Truck From 6 a.m. Monday to 5:59 p.m. Friday.
A medium or heavy truck in which the engine, cab,
drive train, and cargo area are all on one chassis. Weekend
From 6 p.m. Friday to 5:59 a.m. Monday.

226 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 INDEX
Driver Age 132, 133
A Emergency Vehicle 112
Age Hazardous Cargo 88

Alcohol 50-52, 53, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135 Impact Point 92, 94, 100

Crash Type 132,133 Large Truck 38-39

Day of Week 132,133 Relation to Roadway 69

Injury Severity 106 Roadway Function Class 88

Occupant 122, 123 Speed Limit 19, 119

Person Type 123, 130, 131, 147, 148, 152, 153 Time of Day 72, 110, 132, 133

Rates 28-29, 40-41, 108, 109, 115, 148, 153 Vehicle Type 90, 112, 142

Restraint Use 137, 138

School Bus Related 146
Sex 108, 109, 115, 116, 123, 148, 153
D
State 172-173 Day of Week 65, 66, 132, 133, 143, 144, 149, 150,
Time of Day 132, 133 154
Airbag 141 Driver
Age 50-52, 53, 115, 116, 123, 130, 131, 132, 133
Alcohol Alcohol 42, 43, 44-45, 46, 47, 59, 50-52, 53, 54, 72,
Age 50-52, 53, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135 73, 110, 111, 117, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135,
Crash Type 72, 73, 110, 132, 133 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189
Day of Week 132, 133 Injury Severity 106, 118
Driver Survival Status 54, 188-189 License Compliance 117, 145
Holiday 44-45 License Status 117
Pedestrian 55, 135 Previous Driving Record 117
Person Type 130 Related Factors 117
Sex 47 Restraint Use 56-57, 136
State 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189 Sex 25-26, 27, 47, 115, 116
Time of Day 46, 72, 73, 132, 133 State 168-169, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189
Vehicle Type 48, 49, 134
Year 42, 43, 44-45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50-52, 53, 54, 55
Ambulance 112
E
Ejection 126
Emergency Medical Services 68, 192-193, 194-195
B Emergency Vehicle 112
Body Type 83, 128

Bus 23-24, 71, 82, 83, 84, 86, 101, 102, 118, 121,

122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 134, 136

F
Fire 86
Fire Truck 112
C First Harmful Event 70, 113, 162-163
City 196-199
Crash Type H
Alcohol 72, 110, 132 Hazardous Cargo 88
Day of Week 132, 133
Helmet Use 145, 159, 210-211
Holiday 44-45

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

227
 Index
Location 69, 147, 152
I
Impact Point 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101,
102, 125, 151, 155 M
Manner of Collision 70, 113
Intersection 78, 147, 152
Month 64
J Most Harmful Event 89, 91, 93, 95, 99, 101, 124
Jackknife 98 Motorcycle
Age 122
Alcohol 134
L Crash Type 71, 100, 127
Land Use 68, 80, 120 Day of Week 143, 144
Large Truck Fire 86
Alcohol 48, 134
Helmet Use 145
Crash Type 38-39, 96
Helmet Use Requirements 210-211
Ejection 126
Impact Point 100, 125
Fire 86
License Compliance 145
Impact Point 96, 125, 151, 155
Most Harmful Event 99, 124
Jackknife 98
Occupant 36, 37, 118, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128,
Most Harmful Event 95, 124
174-175
Number of Trailers 98
Rates 21-22, 36, 37
Occupant 23-24, 34, 35, 38-39
State 170-171, 210-211
Rates 21-22, 34, 35
Time of Day 143, 144
Restraint Use 136
Year 21-22, 23-24, 36, 37, 38-39
Rollover 84, 97

State 174-175
N
Year 21-22, 34, 35, 38-39, 48
Number of Lanes 83
License Compliance 117, 145

Licensed Drivers 18-19, 25-26, 27, 115, 116,

168-169
O
Occupant
Light Condition 67, 110 Age 28-29, 122, 123, 137, 138
Light Truck Body Type 128
Alcohol 48, 134 Ejection 126
Crash Type 90 Injury Severity 118
Ejection 126 Restraint Laws 202-209
Fire 86 Restraint Use 58-59, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141,
Impact Point 90, 93, 94, 125, 151, 155 176-177
Most Harmful Event 89, 93, 124 Sex 121, 123
Occupant 32, 33, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, Vehicle Type 23-24, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
140, 141, 142, 174-175, 178-179
38-39, 69, 118, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128,
Rates 21-22, 32, 33
129, 139, 140, 141, 142, 174-175, 178-179
Restraint Use 136, 140, 141
Year 28-29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38-39,
Rollover 60, 84, 142, 178-179
58-59, 60
Seating Position 140

State 174, 175, 178-179

Year 21-22, 23-24, 32, 33, 48, 49, 60

228 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Index
Year 24, 55
P Police Vehicle 112
Passenger 106, 112, 118, 123, 130, 145, 146,
170-171 Population
Passenger Car Age 28-29, 40-41, 108, 109, 148, 153
Alcohol 46, 47, 134 City 196-199
Crash Type 92, 142 Rates 18-19, 28-29, 40-41, 108, 109, 148, 153,
Ejection 126 168-169, 180-181, 196-199
Fire 86 Sex 108, 109, 148, 153
Impact Point 90, 91, 92, 115, 151, 155 State 168-169
Most Harmful Event 89, 91, 124 Year 18-19, 28-29, 40-41
Occupant 23-24, 30, 31, 60, 118, 121, 122, 124, Previous Driving Record 117
125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 139, 141, 142
Rates 21-22, 30, 31
Restraint Use 136, 139, 141 R
Rollover 60, 84, 85, 142, 178-179 Rates: Licensed Drivers
Seating Position 139 Age 115, 116

State 174-175, 178-179 Sex 26, 27, 115, 116

Wheelbase Size 129 State 168-169

Year 21-22, 23-24, 30, 31, 48, 49, 60 Year 18-19, 25-26, 27

Pedalcyclist Rates: Population

Age 152, 153
Age 28-29, 40-41, 108, 109, 148, 153

Alcohol 130
City 196-199

Day of Week 154

Pedestrian 148, 180-181

Impact Point on Striking Vehicle 155

Sex 108, 109, 148, 153

Injury Severity 106

State 168-169, 180-181

Location 152

Year 18-19

Rates 153

Related Factors 156

Rates: Registered Vehicles
Sex 153
State 168-169

State 170-171
Vehicle Type 21-22, 30, 32, 34, 36

Time of Day 154

Year 18-19, 21-22, 30, 32, 34, 36

Year 24
Rates: Vehicle Miles of Travel
Pedestrian Month 64
Age 146, 147, 148
State 200-201
Alcohol 55, 135
Vehicle Type 21-22, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37
City 196-199
Year 18-19, 20, 21-22, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37
Day of Week 149, 150

Registered Vehicles 18-19, 21-22, 30, 32, 34, 36,

Impact Point on Striking Vehicle 151
168-169
Injury Severity 106

Location 147
Relation to Junction 678
Rates 148, 180-181
Relation to Roadway 69
Related Factors 151

School Bus Related 146

Sex 148

State 160-161, 170-171

Striking Vehicle Type 146

Time of Day 149, 150

2012 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES

229
 Index
Restraint Use
Age 137, 138

V
Child Passenger Protection Laws 202-209
Vehicle Maneuver 87

Driver 56-57, 136

Vehicle Miles of Travel 18-19, 20, 21-22, 30, 31, 32,

Restraint Type 141

33, 34, 35, 36, 37
Seat Belt Use Laws 202-209
Vehicle Type
Seat Belt Use Rates 202-209
Alcohol 48, 49, 134
Seating Position 139, 140
Body Type 83, 128
State 176-177, 202-209
Crash Severity 21-22, 71, 82, 84, 85, 86
Vehicle Type 136
Ejection 126
Year 56-57, 58-59
Emergency Vehicles 112
Roadway Function Class 88, 112, 164-165, 166-167, Fire 86
190-191 Impact Point 90, 125, 151, 155
Rollover 60, 84, 85, 97, 142, 178-179 Injury Severity 118
Most Harmful Event 89, 124
Occupant Age 122
S Occupant Sex 121
School Bus Related 146 Restraint Use 136, 141
Seating Position 139, 140 Rollover 60, 84, 85, 142, 178
Sex State 174-175, 178-179
Age 108, 109, 115, 116, 123, 148, 153
Two-Vehicle Crashes 71, 127
Alcohol 47
Year 21-22, 23-24, 48, 49, 60
Injury Severity 106

Person Type 123

W
Rates 25-26, 27, 108, 109, 115, 148, 153
Weather Condition 67, 110
Vehicle Type 121

Work Zone 112

Speed Limit 79, 80, 119, 120
Speeding 190-191

T
Time of Day 46, 65, 66, 72, 73, 110, 111, 114, 132,
133, 143, 144, 149, 150, 154
Traffic Control Device 78
Trafficway Flow 81

230 Traffic Safety Facts 2012

 Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rates, 1899-2012

Fatality Rate Fatality Rate
Million per 100 Million Million per 100 Million
Total Vehicle Miles Vehicle Miles Total Vehicle Miles Vehicle Miles
Year Fatalities Traveled Traveled Year Fatalities Traveled Traveled
1899 26 — — 1956 37,965 627,843 6.05
1900 36 — — 1957 36,932 647,004 5.71
1901 54 — — 1958 35,331 664,653 5.32
1902 79 — — 1959 36,223 700,480 5.17
1903 117 — — 1960 36,399 718,762 5.06
1904 172 — — 1961 36,285 737,421 4.92
1905 252 — — 1962 38,980 766,734 5.08
1906 338 — — 1963 41,723 805,249 5.18
1907 581 — — 1964 45,645 846,298 5.39
1908 751 — — 1965 47,089 887,812 5.30
1909 1,174 — — 1966 50,894 925,899 5.50
1910 1,599 — — 1967 50,724 964,005 5.26
1911 2,043 — — 1968 52,725 1,015,869 5.19
1912 2,968 — — 1969 53,543 1,061,791 5.04
1913 4,079 — — 1970 52,627 1,109,724 4.74
1914 4,468 — — 1971 52,542 1,178,811 4.46
1915 6,779 — — 1972 54,589 1,259,786 4.33
1916 7,766 — — 1973 54,052 1,313,110 4.12
1917 9,630 — — 1974 45,196 1,280,544 3.53
1918 10,390 — — 1975 44,525 1,327,664 3.35
1919 10,896 — — 1976 45,523 1,402,380 3.25
1920 12,155 — — 1977 47,878 1,467,027 3.26
1921 13,253 55,027 24.08 1978 50,331 1,544,704 3.26
1922 14,859 67,697 21.95 1979 51,093 1,529,133 3.34
1923 17,870 84,995 21.02 1980 51,091 1,527,295 3.35
1924 18,400 104,838 17.55 1981 49,301 1,555,308 3.17
1925 20,771 122,346 16.98 1982 43,945 1,595,010 2.76
1926 22,194 140,735 15.77 1983 42,589 1,652,788 2.58
1927 24,470 158,453 15.44 1984 44,257 1,720,269 2.57
1928 26,557 172,856 15.36 1985 43,825 1,774,826 2.47
1929 29,592 197,720 14.97 1986 46,087 1,834,872 2.51
1930 31,204 206,320 15.12 1987 46,390 1,921,204 2.41
1931 31,963 216,151 14.79 1988 47,087 2,025,962 2.32
1932 27,979 200,517 13.95 1989 45,582 2,096,487 2.17
1933 29,746 200,642 14.83 1990 44,599 2,144,362 2.08
1934 34,240 215,563 15.88 1991 41,508 2,172,050 1.91
1935 34,494 228,568 15.09 1992 39,250 2,247,151 1.75
1936 36,126 252,128 14.33 1993 40,150 2,296,378 1.75
1937 37,819 270,110 14.00 1994 40,716 2,357,588 1.73
1938 31,083 271,177 11.46 1995 41,817 2,422,823 1.73
1939 30,895 285,402 10.83 1996 42,065 2,484,080 1.69
1940 32,914 302,188 10.89 1997 42,013 2,552,233 1.65
1941 38,142 333,612 11.43 1998 41,501 2,628,148 1.58
1942 27,007 268,224 10.07 1999 41,717 2,690,241 1.55
1943 22,727 208,192 10.92 2000 41,945 2,746,925 1.53
1944 23,165 212,713 10.89 2001 42,196 2,795,610 1.51
1945 26,785 250,173 10.71 2002 43,005 2,855,508 1.51
1946 31,874 340,880 9.35 2003 42,884 2,890,221 1.48
1947 31,193 370,894 8.41 2004 42,836 2,964,788 1.44
1948 30,775 397,957 7.73 2005 43,510 2,989,430 1.46
1949 30,246 424,461 7.13 2006 42,708 3,014,371 1.42
1950 33,186 458,246 7.24 2007 41,259 3,031,124 1.36
1951 35,309 491,093 7.19 2008 37,423 2,976,528 1.26
1952 36,088 513,581 7.03 2009 33,883 2,956,764 1.15
1953 36,190 544,433 6.65 2010 32,999 2,967,266 1.11
1954 33,890 561,963 6.03 2011 32,479 2,950,402 1.10
1955 36,688 605,646 6.06 2012 33,561 2,968,815 1.13
Total Traffic Fatalities (1899-2012): 3,581,039
Note: A traffic fatality is defined as a death that occurs within 30 days after a traffic crash.
Sources: Traffic fatalities, 1899-1974: National Center for Health Statistics, HEW and State Accident Summaries (adjusted to 30-Day
Traffic Deaths by NHTSA); 1975-2012: NHTSA, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA); not available for years 1899-1920.
 Lives Saved by Restraint Use and 21-Year-Old Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws, and Additional
Lives That Would Have Been Saved at 100-Percent Seat Belt and Motorcycle Helmet Use, 1975-2012
Lives Saved, Lives Saved, Lives Saved, Lives Saved, Additional Lives That
Age 4 Age 5 Age 13 All Lives Would Have Been Saved
and Younger and Older and Older Ages Saved at 100 Percent Use
Minimum
Child Seat Frontal Motorcycle Drinking Age Seat Motorcycle
Year Restraints Belts Air Bags Helmets Law* Belts Helmets
1975 36 978 0 823 412 13,301 1,164
1976 20 796 0 788 436 13,851 1,189
1977 35 682 0 970 474 14,460 1,472
1978 25 679 0 900 509 15,541 1,588
1979 49 594 0 885 575 15,726 1,676
1980 49 575 0 871 595 15,730 1,744
1981 69 548 0 843 633 15,222 1,667
1982 75 678 0 816 578 13,250 1,528
1983 105 809 0 735 609 12,913 1,450
1984 126 1,197 0 813 709 13,227 759
1985 153 2,435 0 788 701 12,508 764
1986 166 4,094 0 807 840 12,728 751
1987 213 5,141 2 667 1,071 12,678 697
1988 248 5,959 5 622 1,148 12,674 644
1989 238 6,333 8 561 1,093 12,256 553
1990 222 6,592 37 655 1,033 11,761 541
1991 253 6,838 71 595 941 10,812 467
1992 292 7,020 108 641 795 10,195 323
1993 313 7,773 190 671 816 10,212 336
1994 420 9,219 309 625 848 9,507 339
1995 408 9,882 536 624 851 9,781 326
1996 480 10,710 783 617 846 9,459 324
1997 444 11,259 973 627 846 9,096 315
1998 438 11,680 1,208 660 861 8,690 369
1999 447 11,941 1,491 745 901 8,809 396
2000 479 12,882 1,716 872 922 8,245 478
2001 388 13,295 1,978 947 927 8,016 558
2002 383 14,264 2,324 992 922 6,837 576
2003 447 15,095 2,519 1,173 918 6,151 651
2004 455 15,548 2,660 1,324 927 5,874 673
2005 424 15,688 2,752 1,554 882 5,667 731
2006 427 15,458 2,824 1,667 888 5,468 756
2007 388 15,223 2,800 1,788 831 5,048 805
2008 286 13,312 2,557 1,836 716 4,171 827
2009 307 12,763 2,387 1,486 626 3,700 733
2010 303 12,582 2,315 1,556 552 3,353 708
2011 262 11,983 2,210 1,622 535 3,394 706
2012 284 12,174 2,213 1,699 525 3,031 781
Total 10,157 304,679 36,976 36,865 29,292 373,342 30,365
*Estimated reductions in deaths that resulted from the presence of laws establishing a minimum legal age of 21 years for the
consumption of alcoholic beverages.

The table above presents estimates of the lives saved in 2012 and previous years by various protective devices or laws. The
estimates were obtained by combining information from fatal traffic crashes with estimates of the effectiveness of each
device or law in saving lives. For seat belts and motorcycle helmets, the table also estimates the numbers of additional lives
that could have been saved if the devices had been used by more people.
Introduction

FARS Operations

GES Operations

About This Report

Data Availability

Chapter 1 � Trends

Chapter 2 � Crashes

Chapter 3 � Vehicles

Chapter 4 � People

Chapter 5 � States

FARS Data Elements

GES Data Elements

GES Technical Notes

Glossary

Index DOT HS 812 032