Post Graduate School

Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

Examination for Admission to Ph.D. Programme 2013-2014

Discipline : Horticulture (Pomology)

Discipline Code : 13, Sub code : 02 Roll No.

Please Note:

(i) This question paper contains 12 pages. Please check whether all the pages are
printed in this set. Report discrepancy, if any, immediately to the invigilator.

(ii) There shall be NEGATIVE marking for WRONG answers in the Multiple
Choice type questions (No. 1 to 130) which carry one mark each. For every
wrong answer 0.25 mark will be deducted.

5. The most important sucking pests of cotton

PART – I (General Agriculture) and rice are respectively
a) Nilaparvata lugens and Aphis gossypii
Multiple choice questions (No. 1 to 30). b) Aphis gossypii and Thrips oryzae
Choose the correct answer (a, b, c or d) c) Amrasca biguttula biguttula and Scirtothrips
and enter your choice in the circle (by dorsalis
shading with a pencil) on the OMR - d) Thrips gossypii and Orseolia oryzae
answer sheet as per the instructions
6. Which of the following microorganism causes
given on the answer sheet.
fatal poisoning in canned fruits and
vegetables?
1. Who is the present Chairman of Protection of a) Aspergillus flavus
Plant Varieties and Farmers' Right Authority b) Penicillium digitatum
(PPV&FRA)? c) Clostridium botulinum
a) Dr. R.R. Hanchinal d) Rhizoctonia solani
b) Dr. P.L. Gautam
c) Dr. S. Nagarajan 7. The cause of the great Bengal Famine was
d) Dr. Swapan K. Datta a) Blast of rice
b) Brown spot of rice
2. Which among the following is another name c) Rust of wheat
for vitamin B12? d) Karnal bunt of wheat
a) Niacin
b) Pyridoxal phosphate 8. Actinomycetes belong to
c) Cobalamin a) The fungi
d) Riboflavin b) Eukaryote
c) Mycelia sterilia
3. The largest share in India's farm export d) None of the above
earning in the year 2011-12 was from
a) Basmati rice 9. A virus-free clone from a virus infected plant
b) Non-basmati rice can be obtained by
c) Sugar a) Cotyledonary leaf culture
d) Guar gum b) Axenic culture
c) Stem culture
4. The National Bureau of Agriculturally d) Meristem tip culture
Important Insects was established by ICAR
in ________, was earlier known as _______. 10. Which of the following is not an objective of
a) Bangalore; PDBC the National Food Security Mission?
b) New Delhi; National Pusa Collection a) Sustainable increase in production of rice,
c) Ranchi; Indian Lac Research Institute wheat and pulses
d) New Delhi; NCIPM b) Restoring soil fertility and productivity at
individual farm level
c) Promoting use of bio-pesticides and organic
fertilizers
d) Creation of employment opportunities
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 2

11. Agmarknet, a portal for the dissemination of 19. The term 'Heterosis' was coined by
agricultural marketing information, is a joint a) G.H. Shull
endeavour of b) W. Bateson
a) DMI and NIC c) T.H. Morgan
b) DMI and Ministry of Agriculture d) E.M. East
c) NIC and Ministry of Agriculture
d) DMI and Directorate of Economics and 20. When a transgenic plant is crossed with a
Statistics non-transgenic, what would be the zygosity
status of the F1 plant?
12. The share of agriculture and allied activities a) Homozygous
in India's GDP at constant prices in 2011-12 b) Heterozygous
was c) Hemizygous
a) 14.1% d) Nullizygous
b) 14.7%
c) 15.6% 21. The highest per capita consumption of
d) 17.0% flowers in the world is in
a) The USA
13. The average size of land holding in India b) India
according to Agricultural Census 2005-06 is c) Switzerland
a) 0.38 ha d) The Netherlands
b) 1.23 ha
c) 1.49 ha 22. Which of the following is a very rich source of
d) 1.70 ha betalain pigment?
a) Radish
14. 'Farmers First' concept was proposed by b) Beet root
a) Paul Leagans c) Carrot
b) Neils Rolling d) Red cabbage
c) Robert Chamber
d) Indira Gandhi 23. Dog ridge is
a) Salt tolerant rootstocks of mango
15. In the year 2012, GM crops were cultivated b) Salt tolerant rootstocks of guava
in an area of c) Salt tolerant rootstocks of grape
a) 150 million hectare in 18 countries d) Salt tolerant rootstocks of citrus
b) 170 million hectare in 28 countries
c) 200 million hectare in 18 countries 24. Which of the following micronutrients are
d) 1.70 million hectare in 28 countries most widely deficient in Indian soils?
a) Zinc and boron
16. The broad-spectrum systematic herbicide b) Zinc and iron
glyphosate kills the weeds by inhibiting the c) Zinc and manganese
biosynthesis of d) Zinc and copper
a) Phenylalanine
b) Alanine 25. Which of the following fertilizers is not
c) Glutamine produced in India?
d) Cysteine a) DAP
b) Urea
17. At harvest, the above ground straw (leaf, c) Muriate of potash
sheath and stem) weight and grain weight of d) TSP
paddy crop are 5.5 and 4.5 tonnes per
hectare, respectively. What is the harvest 26. What is the estimated extent of salt affected
index of paddy? soils in India?
a) 45% a) 5.42 mha
b) 50% b) 7.42 mha
c) 55% c) 11.42 mha
d) 100% d) 17.42 mha

18. Crossing over between non-sister 27. Which of the following is not a feature of
chromatids of homologous chromosomes watershed?
takes place during a) Hydrological unit
a) Leptotene b) Biophysical unit
b) Pachytene c) Socio-economic unit
c) Diplotene d) Production unit
d) Zygotene
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 3

28. Correlation coefficient 'r' lies between 35. The most noticeable impact of climate
a) 0 and 1 change on mango trees in India is
b) -1 and 1 a) Heavy fruit drop
c) -1 and 0 b) Erratic flowering
d) 0 and  c) Greater incidence of mango malformation
d) Bark splitting
29. For the data 1, -2, 4, geometric mean is
a) 2 36. Which among the following botanical families
b) 4 is also known as the 'Poison ivy' family?
7 a) Juglandaceae
c) -  b) Rosaceae
3
c) Anacardiaceae
d) -2 d) Punicaceae
30. The relationship between Arithmetic mean 37. The florigenic promoter, which determines
(A), Harmonic mean (H) and Geometric flowering in mango, is synthesized in
mean (G) is a) Roots
2
a) G =AH b) Apical buds
b) G= A+H c) Flower buds
2
c) H =GA d) Leaves
2
d) A =GH
38. In context of Australian mango germplasm,
term 'Commons' refers to
PART – II (Subject Paper) a) Introductions from South East Asia
b) Frequently used parents in hybridization
Multiple choice questions (No. 31 to 130). c) Kensington Pride and its clones
Choose the correct answer (a, b, c or d) d) Native mango germplasm
and enter your choice in the circle (by
shading with a pencil) on the OMR - 39. The top producer country of the grapes in
world is
answer sheet as per the instructions
a) China
given on the answer sheet. b) Italy
c) United States
31. In pome fruit species, short shoots are d) Spain
named 'Dards' when they are
a) Strictly vegetative 40. Agri-Export Zones identified for pineapple
b) Strictly floral are in the states of
c) Usually vegetative a) Tripura and West Bengal
d) Usually floral b) Tripura and Bihar
c) Tripura and Sikkim
32. The sex form of the kiwifruit cultivar d) Tripura and Andhra Pradesh
'Hayward' is
a) Staminate 41. 'Flying Dragon', a dwarfing rootstock of
b) Pistillate citrus, is susceptible to
c) Hermaphrodite a) Citrus tristeza
d) Andromonoecious b) Phytophthora root rot
c) Citrus nematode
33. The concept of effective pollination period d) Iron chlorosis
(EPP) was developed by
a) Janick 42. "Bangkok Golden Apple" is a variety of
b) Williams a) Guava
c) Frost b) Pineapple
d) Swingle c) Avocado
d) Pomegranate
34. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is a
competitive inhibitor of 43. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
a) Ethylene is located in
b) ABA a) Kenya
c) Jasmonic acid b) Ethiopia
d) Salicylic acid c) Nigeria
d) Uganda
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 4

44. The somatic chromosome number (2n) of 52. Light-induced reduction in the photosynthetic
Illaichi cultivar of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) is capacity of a plant is referred as
a) 12 a) Photolimitation
b) 24 b) Photodestruction
c) 48 c) Photoinhibition
d) 96 d) Photodegradation

45. Richmond-Lang effect describes one of the 53. Deformed papaya fruits with bumpy skin
basic properties of which plant growth surfaces are produced due to the deficiency
regulator of
a) Jasmonic acid a) Boron
b) Cytokinin b) Calcium
c) Ethylene c) Manganese
d) Abscisic acid d) Potassium

46. 'Chicken-tongue' seed formation in litchi is 54. What do you understand by "Fuji stain"?
due to a) A storage disorder of Fuji apples
a) Parthenogenesis b) A new clone of Fuji apples
b) Stenospermocarpy c) A promising somaclone of Fuji
c) Failure of pollination d) An apple product
d) Nutritional deficiency
55. The life line tree of Thar desert is
a) Phoenix dactylifera
47. The plant hormone playing a major role in
b) Zizyphus mauritiana
the dormancy of fertilized ovary of aonla
c) Prosopis cineraria
(Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is
d) Withania sommifera
a) Ethylene
b) Auxin 56. Which fruit is known as the 'Grape of the
c) ABA Desert'?
d) Gibberellin a) Salvadora oleoides
b) Cordia myxa
48. Trifactor hypothesis, based on hormonal c) Capparis deciduas
regulation, seeks to explain the flowering d) Opuntia ficus
behaviour of
a) Papaya 57. The first order sylleptic branches are usually
b) Litchi formed in
c) Mango a) Zizyphus mauritiana
d) Peach b) Emblica officinalis
c) Aegle marmelos
49. "Fanleaf degeneration" a viral disease of d) Grewia subinaequalis
grapes caused by grapevine fan leaf virus
(GFLV), is transmitted by 58. The ideal host for expression of Hepatitis 'B'
a) Flea beetle surface antigen (HBsAg) is
b) Thrips a) Banana
c) Nematode b) Mango
d) Phylloxera c) Papaya
d) Guava
50. Which of the following sapota cultivar can
produce both round and oval shaped fruits
59. Taxon with only cultivated representation are
on the same tree?
known as
a) Cricket Ball
a) Culton
b) Kalipatti
b) Indigen
c) Oval
c) Landrace
d) Bhuripatti
d) Cultigen
51. The main photosynthetic product in apple is
a) Sorbitol 60. The most suitable plant for biofencing is
b) Mannitol a) Ker
c) Fructose b) Karonda
d) Sucrose c) Phalsa
d) Khijri
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 5

61. Which fruit is known as 'Cudappah almond'? 70. Which of the following grape varieties has
a) Almond strong Muscat flavour?
b) Chirounjee a) Thompson Seedless
c) Pistachio nut b) Bhokri
d) Filbert c) Cardinal
d) Pusa Seedless
62. Which flower is known as the 'Queen of
East'? 71. In epicotyle grafting of mango, the age of
a) Dahalia rootstock is
b) Gladiolus a) 30-35 days
c) Lilium b) 20-25 days
d) Chrysanthemum c) 10-15 days
d) 5-6 days
63. Chilling sensitive apples are stored at
o
a) -1 to 0 C 72. Wind break is effective upto a distance of
o
b) 1 to 2 C (times) the height
o
c) 3 to 5 C a) 2
o
d) 8 to 10 C b) 3
c) 4
64. Which pathogen is associated with 'Replant d) 5
problem' in apple?
a) Phytophthora sylvaticum 73. 'Suppressed climacteric' varieties are found
b) Phytophthora infestans in
c) Phytophthora parasitica a) Apple
d) Phytophthora aphanidermatum b) Banana
c) Plum
65. Recently which mango variety has become d) Peach
popular in the eastern states of India?
a) Rataul 74. The moisture content of 'desiccated coconut'
b) Tommy Atkins should be
c) Amrapali a) Less than 1%
d) Pusa Arunima b) Less than 3%
c) Less than 5%
66. Flattening of branches in sapota is caused d) Less than 6.5%
by
a) Fungus 75. In which fruit crop, the bio-control agents
b) Bacteria were first time used for controlling post-
c) Phytoplasma harvest diseases?
d) Spiroplasma a) Mango
b) Strawberry
67. Codling moth is a serious problem of apple in c) Banana
a) Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh) d) Apple
b) Kullu (Himachal Pradesh)
c) Leh (Jammu & Kashmir) 76. The moisture content of dried cashew nuts
d) Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) should be
a) Nearly 2%
68. For harvesting Delicious apple at right b) Nearly 5%
maturity, the Starch Pattern Index (SPI) c) Nearly 8%
should be d) Nearly 12%
a) 2.5/10
b) 3.5/10 77. Which mango variety from Pakistan posed
c) 4.5/10 competition with Indian Alphonso in US
d) 6.5/10 markets during 2011?
a) Langra
69. Which of the following is known as 'self- b) Chaunsa
peeling banana'? c) Rataul
a) Musa paterita d) Aman Dashehari
b) Musa ingens
c) Musa basjoo
d) Musa velutina
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 6

78. The bergamot orange is a hybrid of 87. Which of the following grape varieties has
a) C. jambhiri  C. limonia non-acylated anthocyanin?
b) C. volkameriana  C. sinensis a) Black Prince
c) C. aurantium  C. medica b) Pinot Noir
d) C. aurantifolia  C. macrophylla c) Chardonnay
d) Tempranillo
79. Which of the following act as Nodal Agency
to coordinate the efforts on Agri-Export 88. Which of the metal ion is associated with
Zones (AEZ) on the part of Central shift in colour pigments in grape?
Government? a) Al
a) APEDA b) Mn
b) NABARD c) Mg
c) ICAR d) K
d) NHB
89. Seeds, which can tolerate loss of moisture
80. The Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India and their longevity can be increased by
had announced the year 2012 as the year of storing at low temperature are called as
a) Floriculture a) Recalcitrant seeds
b) Olericulture b) Orthodox seeds
c) Horticulture c) Pure seeds
d) Post-harvest management d) Free seeds

81. A rare species of Mangifera, which is 90. True representative variety of Vitis labrusca
endemic to the Philippines is
a) Mangifera merrillii a) Bangalore Blue
b) Mangifera minutifolia b) Concord
c) Mangifera laurina c) Cheema Sahebi
d) Mangifera paludosa d) Thompson Seedless

82. Ricey tissue disorder is found in 91. Black sapota is botanically known as
a) Banana a) Bassia longifolia
b) Apple b) Diospyrus digyra
c) Guava c) Manilkara zapota
d) Mango d) Achrus zapota

83. The only indigenous variety of apple grown 92. Doubling of chromosome may lead to
in India has extraordinary keeping quality a) Temporary suppression of self-
a) Ambri incompatibility
b) Sunehari b) Elimination of self-incompatibility
c) Ambrika c) Embryo sac degeneration
d) Swarnima d) Increase in pollen fertility

84. Yellow colour in onion is due to the pigment 93. Which group of cherimoya has acidic pulp
a) Carotene with pineapple flavour?
b) Quercetin a) Finger-printed
c) Lycopene b) Tuberculated
d) Anthocyanin c) Mammilate
d) Umbonate
85. The range of correlation coefficient lies
between 94. 'Coulere' is a problem of
a) 0 to 1 a) Mango
b) -2 to +2 b) Mangosteen
c) -1 to +1 c) Grape
d) 0 to 100 d) Banana

86. Which of the following Japanese grape 95. Critical day and night temperatures, which
varieties has largest berry size? inhibits anthocyanin formation in coloured
a) Pione grapes
b) Kyoho a) 28/26 oC
c) Olympia b) 32/28 oC
o
d) Black Olympia c) 35/30 C
o
d) 37/32 C
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 7

96. Anthocyanin pigment in apple fruit is found in 104. In brinjal, the species which show
the form of resistance against Phomopsis blight and
a) Lycopene drought are
b) Cynaidin-3-glucoside a) S. khasianum and S. sisymbrifolium
c) -carotene (Xanthophyll) b) S. macrosperma and S. integirifolium
d) 5-dehydroshikimic acid c) S. melongena and S. torvum
d) S. incanum and S. insamum
97. In tamarind, the leaflets fold after dark. This
is attributed to 105. 'Acid growth hypothesis' explains the
a) Free tartaric acid mechanism of action of
b) Free fatty acid a) Auxins
c) Lupeol b) Gibberellins
d) ADF bound nitrogen c) Cytokinin
d) Ethylene
98. Under which chapter of EXIM Policy 2001,
the Concept of Agri-Export Zones (AEZ) has 106. 'Grape phylloxera' a worldwide problem of
been introduced by Govt. of India? grapevine, is basically a/an
th
a) 15 a) Fungus
th
b) 16 b) Virus
th
c) 17 c) Nematode
th
d) 18 d) Insect

99. Daisy Seedless is a new release in 107. The "black line" symptom in English walnut
a) Mandarin grafted onto rootstocks such as Paradox, a
b) Mango classical example of delayed incompatibility,
c) Strawberry is caused by
d) Kiwifruit a) Bacteria
b) Virus
100. Development of a branch with some c) Phytoplasma
intervening period of rest of lateral meristem d) Protozoa
and the branches is referred as
a) Prolepsis 108. In India, double pruning and double
b) Syllepsis cropping systems in grape are followed in
c) Solasesis a) Temperate region
d) Meollepsis b) Hot tropical areas
c) Mild tropical areas
101. The tolerant rootstock for Fusarium wilt in d) Sub-tropical region
Passiflora sp. is
a) P. giberti 109. National Phytotron Facility is located at
b) P. duleis a) Hyderabad
c) P. mollissima b) Chandigarh
d) P. manicata c) New Delhi
d) Chennai
102. The stage of inflorescence emergence in
pineapple is known as 110. Which fruit crop is placed in the oxycocus
a) Sorose section of the genus Vaccinium?
b) Piping a) Raspberry
c) Rosette b) Strawberry
d) Red heart c) Cranberry
d) Goji berry
103. The first commercial self-fertile cultivar of
sweet cherry is 111. In mango hybridization programme,
a) Lapin 'Bangalora' is not considered as a suitable
b) Sweetheart parent because
c) Comfort a) Hybrids possess prominent beak with poor
d) Stella quality fruit
b) Hybrids possess prominent beak with
excellent fruit quality
c) Hybrids possess problem of spongy tissue
d) Hybrids possess susceptibility to
malformation and anthracnose
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 8

112. Flowering in aonla occurs on which type of 120. For an experiment in mango, a scientist
shoots? took four doses of fertilizers, two methods of
a) Determinate application with five replications. Suggest
b) Indeterminate an appropriate experimental design for this
c) Apical experiment.
d) All of the above a) Complete randomized block design
b) Latin square design
113. The major problem in phalsa cultivation is c) Factorial randomized block design
considered to be d) Split plot design
a) Non-synchronized ripening
b) Susceptibility to foliar diseases 121. ‘Albinism’ a physiological disorder of fruit is
c) Self-incompatibility generally observed in
d) Male sterility a) Grape
b) Strawberry
114. Critical leaf/fruit ratio at which flower bud is c) Plum
not formed in Delicious apple is d) Guava
a) Below 5
b) Below 10 122. The Bombay Green variety of mango is also
c) Below 25 popularly known as
d) Below 30 a) Sylhet
b) Sarauli
115. Cauliflorous type of fruit bearing is found in c) Rataul
a) Jackfruit d) Tikari
b) Custard apple
c) Ber 123. Mulgoa variety of India was introduced in
d) Apple Florida during
a) 1879
116. Dehaulming in potato is done b) 1889
a) Before planting c) 1899
b) At the time of planting d) 1909
c) Before harvesting
d) After harvesting 124. Grape variety resistant to powdery mildew
a) Regale
117. When used as a female parent in the b) Delaware
hybridization programme, this variety of c) Chardonnay
grape does not need emasculation d) Nistur
a) Hur
b) Gold 125. Enology is the study of
c) Rubi Red a) Monument
d) Anab-e-Shahi b) Wines
c) Drying of horticultural produce
118. An example of monoaxial fruit plant is d) In-vitro propagation
a) Pomegranate
b) Cherry 126. Photosynthetically active radiation
c) Phalsa wavelength range is
d) Papaya a) 0.1 to 0.3 m
b) 0.4 to 0.7 m
119. Which one of the following fruits was c) 0.7 to 1.0 m
introduced in India for soil conservation d) 1.0 to 1.3 m
purpose but later on it attained the status of
a commercial fruit crop? 127. Significance of difference among several
a) Cashew nut means is tested with the help of
b) Sapota a) 2 test
c) Date palm b) t-test
d) Areca nut c) F-test
d) Z-test
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 9

128. A physiological disorder called 'Dry Neck' is 135.

common in Crop Chromosome number
a) Sapota i) Manilla tamarind a) 2n = 34
b) Mangosteen ii) Aegle marmelos b) 2n = 18
c) Tree tomato iii) Cydonia oblonga c) 2n = 26
d) Avocado iv) Prunus armeniaca d) 2n = 22
v) Psidium guajava e) 2n = 16
129. Genome constitution of Safed Velchi
banana is 136.
a) AA Apple variety Attributes
b) AAA i) Prima a) Spur type
c) ABB ii) Parlin's Beauty b) Mutant of Delicious
d) AB iii) Red Chief c) Indigenous variety
iv) Ambri d) Low chilling type
130. Hyper sensitive reaction indicates v) Vance Delicious e) Scab resistant
a) High disease susceptibility
b) True resistance 137.
c) Tolerance Mango variety Attributes
d) Escape i) Pusa Shresth a) Seedling of Haden
ii) Sindhu b) Free from spongy tissue
Matching type questions (No. 131 to 140); iii) Arka Puneet c) Elongated fruits with red
all questions carry equal marks. Choose peel
the correct answer (a, b, c, d or e) for iv) Osteen d) Thin stone with non-viable
each sub-question (i, ii, iii, iv and v) and kernel
v) Neldica e) Seedling of Palmer
enter your choice in the circle (by
shading with a pencil) on the OMR - 138.
answer sheet as per the instructions Common name Botanical name
given on the answer sheet. i) Calamondin a) Citrus reshni
ii) Cleopatra mandarin b) Citrus pennivesiculata
131. Match the fruit crops with physiological iii) Gajanimma c) Citrus jambhiri
disorders iv) Rough lemon d) Citrus latifolia
i) Avocado a) Premature fruit softening v) Tahiti lime e) Citrus madurensis
ii) Sweet Cherry b) Fruit drop
iii) Banana c) Mesocarp discolouration 139.
iv) Sapota d) Rain cracking Resistant Vitis species Diseases
v) Persimmon e) Blue disease i) V. aestavilis a) Downey mildew and
black rot
132. Match the micronutrient with their function ii) V. vulpina b) Downey and
i) Boron a) Chlorophyll synthesis powdery mildews
ii) Zinc b) Urea hydrolysis iii) V. cinerea c) Downey mildew
iii) Manganese c) Pollen germination iv) V. labrusca d) Downey and
iv) Nickel d) Plastocyanin synthesis powdery mildews
v) Copper e) Auxin synthesis and black rot
v) V. smalliana e) Pierce's disease
133. Match the horticulturists and their area of
research work 140.
i) Jude Grosser a) Somatic embryogenesis Fruit Place of origin
ii) Uri Lavi b) Transgenic papaya i) Loquat a) Sunda Island
iii) Silviero Sansavini c) Somatic hybridization ii) Pomegranate b) Tropical America
iv) D. Gonsalves d) Mango breeding iii) Fig c) Turkey
v) R.E. Litz e) Fruit physiology iv) Mangosteen d) China
v) Annonaceous fruits e) Iran
134.
Fruit Synonym
i) Cordia myxa a) Christ's thorn
ii) Garcinia mangostana b) Alligator pear
iii) Carissa carandus c) Cherry of desert
iv) Averrhoa carambola d) Queen of fruits
v) Persea americana e) Star fruit
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 10

Short questions (No. 141 to 146); each question carries FIVE marks. Write answers,
including computation / mathematical calculations if any, in the space provided for
each question on the question paper itself.
141. "Limited supply of elite planting material is a major hurdle in the way of the development of Indian
fruit industry". Critically examine this statement and give suggestions for overcoming the problem in
question.

142. Enumerate the modern breeding objectives of mango and grape. Also enlist five important hybrids
developed in mango and grape along with their parents.
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 11

143. Discuss how 'Horticultural Tourism' can become an important enterprise?

144. Fruit based diversified cropping system can impart economic stability to farmers? Justify, citing
suitable examples.
Subject : PhD – Horticulture (Pomology) – 2013 12

145. Discuss about climate change impacts on fruit production and suggest adoption and mitigation
strategies.

146. Discuss the basic principles of Design of Experiments.