OUR LADY OF LOURDES COLLEGE FOUNDATION

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPATMENT

OREGANO LEAVES,KANTUTAY FLOWER,AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT

AS AN ALTERNATIVE COCKROACH KILLER

PROPONENTS:

DORONELA JOSHUA ELEAZAR

TRAPANE ANTHONY DOMINIC

MORANDARTE JOHN SANCHO

PAJARES NATALIE JULIA

GACUTAN BLESSED JANE

CABAJAR BEA ANGELA

ALAON DAN MARK

INTRODUCTION

Cockroaches are very dirty insects they prefer a warm humid, dark environment.

Cockroaches have many negative consequences for human health because certain proteins (called

allergens) found in cockroach feces, saliva and body parts can cause allergic reactions or trigger

asthma symptoms especially in children. They also emit odors and contaminates food and things

which they have crawled on. Cockroaches can also cause salmonenosis, they accumulate the

salmonella bacteria in their bodies by eating contaminated food. The bacteria can remain in their

bodies for a month. They are disposed of when cockroach vomits or diseases which they can do

on your food. When humans have salmonellosis, they experienced diarrhea, fever and vomiting.

These symptoms usually surface 12-72 hours after infection with constant supply of fluid, one can

recover from this diseases in 4-7 days. (Disease cockroaches can bring to your home, 2017)

Some households uses artificial insecticides to get rid of the cockroaches, but insecticides

also contains different chemicals which is harmful for our health. Insecticide have strong smell

that cause insects to die, but it can’t only affect the insects, it can also cause danger to humans who

will inhale the insecticide. Artificial insecticide contains chemical like neonicotinoid that can cause

poisoning and runoff.

Oregano leaves(ORIGANUM VULGARE) oregano is a culinary and medicinal herb from

the mint, or lamiaceae family. It has been used in medicine and cooking for thousands of years. It

adds flavor and it may have a number of health benefits. It is believed to contain potent antioxidants
and to have antibacterial properties. Oregano oil contains an essential compound called carvacrol,

which has anti bacterial properties. (Nordquist,2017)

Kantutay Flower(LANTANA CAMARA)is a flower cultivated in India have found that

lantana can display anti microbial,fungicidal,insecticidal properties.(Stuart Jr.,2015)

CALAMANSI EXTRACT has PH value of 2.5-3 citric acid it has a strong smell which

eliminates odors and can also eliminate insects.(Siegel).

Therefore the researchers will conduct this study to make an alternative cockroach killer

out of oregano leaves , kantutay flower , and calamansi extract.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of calamansi extract, kantutay flower, and

oregano leaves as an alternative cockroach killer specifically it seeks answer the following

questions:

 What concentration level of kantutay flower,oregano leaves ,and calamansi

extract will be effective in terms of:

1.Mortality Percentage

 Is there a significant difference in the concentration level of kantutay flower,

oregano leaves, and calamansi extract as alternative cockroach killer.

Null hypothesis
 There is no significant difference levels of concentration of

kantutay flower, oregano leaves ,and calamansi extract as an alternative

cockroach killer.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of oregano leaves,

kantutay flower, and calamansi extract as an alternative cockroach killer. The

researchers believe that this will benefits the following:

 CONSUMERS- It will help to save money and it is less dangerous for human

health.

 COMMUNITY- It reduced the population of cockroaches in the community.

 FUTURE RESEARCHERS-It will serve as a guide and a reference for their

future study.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study will be conducted to test the effectiveness of kantutay flower, oregano

leaves ,and calamansi extract. This research will be conducted at the Biology Laboratory of

Junior \High School Department of Our Lady of Lourdes College Foundation. This study will

utilize three treatments with two replications. Each treatment has different levels of
concentration of the combined oegano leaves, kantutay flower and calamansi extract.T1 = 10 𝑀𝑙

of oregano leaves, 10 ML of kantutay flower and 10 ML of calamansi extract, T2 =

20𝑀𝐿 𝑜𝑓 oregano leaves, 25 ML of kantuatay flower,25 ML of calamansi extract.T3 =

25 𝑀𝐿 𝑜𝑓 oregano leaves, 25 ML of kantutay flower, 25 ML of calamansi extract. This study

will used 15 cockroaches that will serve as the subject organism.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Anti-microbial ,fungicidal, insecticidal, salmonellosis.

 Anti-microbial-destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and especially

pathogenic microorganism.

 Fungicidal- capable of killing fungi.

 Insecticidal- destroying or controlling insects.

 Salmonellosis(plural)-infection with or disease caused by salmonella

-Salmonella- any of a genus (salmonella)of usually motile enterobacteria that are

pathogenic for humans and other warm-blooded animals and cause food poisoning,

gastroinstestinal, inflammation, typhoid fever or septicemia.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and related studies from different sources

such as electronic and published and unpublished studies. This also presents the

Synthesis of the state of the art that gives justification to pursue this undertaken. Discussed

also in this chapter the conceptual frame work which describe the outline of the study.

Related Literature

Oregano(Origanum vulgare), also called origanum or wild marjoram, aromatic

perennial herb of the mint family(Lamiaceae) known for its flavourful dried leaves and

flowering tops. Oregano is native to the hills of the Mediterranean countries and western

asia and has naturalized in part of mexico and the United States. Oregano was used in

herbial medicine as long ago as the Ancient Greeks. Hippocrates used it as an antiseptic.

Possible medicinal uses of oregano include treating respiratory tract disorders,

gastrointestinal(GI) Disorders, menstrual cramps, and urinary tract disorders. The major

components of oregano essential oil were carvacrol, B-fenchyl alcohol, thymol and y-

terpinene (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britanica, n.d.).

Kantutay flower is a small perenhial shrub which can grow to around 2 m tall and

form dense thickets in a variety of environment. Kantutay has a small tabular shaped

flowers which each have four petals and are arranged in clusters in terminal areas stems.

Kantutay has aromatic, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, vulnerary, diaphoretic, and

carminative properties. In the country, fresh root decoction of Kantutay is used as gargle
to treat toothaches while the decoction of its leaves and fruits are used for wounds. The

chemical composition of leaves and flowers essential oils of Lantana camara from India

were analysed by GC and GC–MS, which resulted in the identification of 71 and 64

constituents, representing 99.0% and 97.0% of the oils, respectively. The major

constituents in the leaf oil were germacrene‐D (20.5%), γ‐elemene (10.3%), β‐

caryophyllene (9.4%), β‐elemene (7.3%), α‐copaene (5.0%) and α‐cadinene (3.3%), while

the major constituents in the flower oil were β‐elemene (14.5%), germacrene‐D (10.6%),

α‐copaene (10.7%), α‐cadinene (7.2%), β‐caryophyllene (7.0%) and γ‐elemene (6.8%). A

comparison with the chemical composition of L. camara oils of different origin showed

that our oils were significantly different from others with respect to their major

constituents. The chemical composition of leaves and flowers essential oils of Lantana

camara from India were analysed by GC and GC–MS, which resulted in the identification

of 71 and 64 constituents, representing 99.0% and 97.0% of the oils, respectively. The

major constituents in the leaf oil were germacrene‐D (20.5%), γ‐elemene (10.3%), β‐

caryophyllene (9.4%), β‐elemene (7.3%), α‐copaene (5.0%) and α‐cadinene (3.3%), while

the major constituents in the flower oil were β‐elemene (14.5%), germacrene‐D (10.6%),

α‐copaene (10.7%), α‐cadinene (7.2%), β‐caryophyllene (7.0%) and γ‐elemene (6.8%). A

comparison with the chemical composition of L. camara oils of different origin showed

that our oils were significantly different from others with respect to their major

constituents.
Related Studies

According to Dalisay,Nale ,and Nagales(2017)

The conceptual framework of this study contains of the following elements, the input,

process and output.

The input of this study are oregano leaves, calamansi extract, kantutay flower, table

spoons, stirring rod, bowl, empty spray, bottle, cockroach, mortal and pestle, graduated cylinder.

The process contains the gathering of the materials, smashing the calamansi and extract

it, mixing or combining the kantutay flower, oregano leaves and calamansi extract, mix well

until it dissolved and then put it on a empty spray bottle