THE INSECTICIDAL PROPERTY OF GARLIC BULB EXTRACT ON HOUSE TERMITES

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty and staff of
Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High School
M.P. Posadas Avenue, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment Of the

Course Requirements in Science Research II

RESEARCHERS:
Fil Jaydean DG. Cancino
Jann Alec A. Fermin
Joaquin N. Garcia
Kevin Kurt P. Joaquin
Julia Rae D. Delos Santos
Meryl Ann B. Rosario
X-Chrysanthemum

February 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis proposal titled “THE INSECTICIDAL PROPERTY OF GARLIC BULB

EXTRACT ON HOUSE TERMITES” was proposed and submitted by Fil Jaydean DG.
Cancino, Jann Alec A. Fermin, Kevin Kurt P. Joaquin, Joaquin N. Garcia, Meryl Ann B.
Rosario, and Julia Rae D. Delos Santos, have been examined and is recommended for
approval and acceptance as a partial fulfillment of the requirements in Science Research
II and is recommended for oral examination.
___________________________
Mr. Cecilio I. Alfonso Jr,
Researcher Adviser

___________________________
Ms. Jesusa Katrina H. Miranda
Researcher Adviser

ORAL EXAMINATION COMMITTEE

Approved by this committee on the Final Examination on February 26, 2018 with
a grade of __________

___________________________
Mr. Mervin Jay N. Selmo
Chairperson

____________________ _______________________
Ms. Leizel R. Peralta Mr. John Gil S. Camacho
Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements in Science Research II

_____________________
Ria S. Caguioa, MSc.
Principal

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET..................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................................ii
DEDICATION........................................................................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................................v
RESEARCH ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................vi
Chapter I : THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING.......................................................................1
Background of the Study.....................................................................................................1
Conceptual Framework.......................................................................................................2
Statement of the Problem...................................................................................................2
Research Hypothesis............................................................................................................3
Significance of the Study.....................................................................................................3
Scope and Delimitations of the Study.................................................................................4
Definition of Terms..............................................................................................................4
Chapter II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES.............................................6
Historical Background..........................................................................................................6
Related Literature................................................................................................................8
Related Studies....................................................................................................................9
Chapter III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................15
Research Design.................................................................................................................15
Research Subject................................................................................................................15
Research Locale.................................................................................................................15
Research Materials and Reagents.....................................................................................15
Data Gathering Procedures...............................................................................................16
Tools for Data Analysis......................................................................................................22
Chapter IV: ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, AND DATA INTERPRETATION.............................24
Chapter V: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............28
Summary of Findings.........................................................................................................28
Conclusions........................................................................................................................28

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Recommendations.............................................................................................................28
BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................30
APPENDIX A........................................................................................................................32
APPENDIX B........................................................................................................................33
APPENDIX C........................................................................................................................35
CURRICULUM VITAE..........................................................................................................37

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 DEDICATION

The researchers would like to give thanks and praise to God for giving them
wisdom, knowledge, understanding, strength, and power to finish this research paper.

They also dedicate this study to their parents whose love, unselfish support and
examples over many years laid the foundations for the discipline and application
necessary to complete this study. Every challenging work needs group efforts as well as
guidance of elders especially those who are very close to our hearts. Our humbly efforts
we dedicate to our sweet and loving parents.

Whose affection, love, encouragement and prays of day and night make us able
to get such success and honor, along with all hard working and respected teachers.

Lastly, to their friends and classmates who have inspired the researchers while
doing the research paper.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We have completed this study under the guidance and supervision of our
Research II adviser, Mr. Cecilio I. Alfonso Jr.. We would be considered failure in our
duty if we do not acknowledge the esteemed guidance, assistance, and knowledge we
have received from him towards fruitful and timely completion of this work.

Special thanks to Sir Frankie G. Serafica who is the Laboratory Technician in

Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation College of Pharmacy building and the one who
helped us extracted our product, and also to other staff officers/members.

We would also like to acknowledge and thank our school, Virgen Milagrosa
University Foundation Special Science High School, for allowing us to explore and
experience being a researcher and providing any assistance requested.

v
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT

Title: The Insecticidal Property of Garlic Bulb Extract on House Termites

Researchers: Fil Jaydean DG. Cancino; Jann Alec A. Fermin; Joaquin N. Garcia; Kevin

Kurt P. Joaquin; Julia Rae D. Delos Santos; Meryl Ann B. Rosario

Advisers: Mr. Cecilio Alfonso Jr. and Ms. Jesusa Katrina H. Miranda

School: Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High School

(2017-2018)

Insects are one of the causes of structure damage, most of which thrives in
common households. As a result of this issue, the researchers conducted the study to
determine the insecticidal effect of Garlic bulb extract on the subjects which are
termites. It specifically aimed to answer the following questions; (1) what is/are the
active constituent/s present in garlic bulb as insecticide responsible in eradicating house
termites?; (2) What is the level of effectiveness of garlic bulb extract as insecticide in
eradicating house termites? ; (3) Is there a significant difference between the garlic bulb
extract as insecticide and positive control on house termites? The research study tested
the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance.
To determine the active constituents, a phytochemical screening was conducted.
For the structure, the made study is experimental in nature. A two group design was
used in the study, the positive control (Baygon) and experimental, then Garlic Bulb
Extract. In order to test its effectiveness, the test subjects were gathered at Burgos St.,
San Carlos City, Pangasinan. A total of 60 termites were prepared, 10 per positive
control group and experimental group which had been conducted for three trials.
Beakers were used to contain the subjects for application. Meanwhile, to make the

vi
extract, the 100 g chopped garlic was squeezed and essential oil was added. For the
application, the extract and the commercially prepared product were sprayed in a
distance of 3 inches from termites’ containers. The observations were based on
mortality. Moreover, the active constituent responsible for the insecticidal property is
the phenolic compounds.

Based on the trials’ result, the total level of effectiveness of Experimental is

higher compared to the positive control group which is 100% to 90%. The researchers
conclude that: the phenolic compounds were responsible for the insecticidal property, it
was effective in eradicating house termites and lastly, there is no significant difference
between the insecticidal effect of Garlic and the positive control (Baygon). The
researchers recommend studying its potency over time and tolerance against factors
around the house.

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 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This chapter consists of the background of the study, conceptual framework,

statement of the problem, research hypothesis, and significance of the study, scope and
delimitation, and definition of terms.

Background of the Study

Nowadays, people are suffering from structure damage that acquired from the
pests like termites (Isoptera) that lives in our home. The researchers aimed to find an
alternative way in eliminating this kind of insect in an effective, safe and affordable
wherein consumers can afford to produce their own homemade pesticide.

Many structures are still held to traditional types such as wood, these crafts are
not just chairs and tables but may also be works of interest. But mostly, the crafts are
prone to destructive insects. One of these are termites which are very common and has
a fast reproduction, because of vulnerability, most of the household suffers from the
infestation. Aside from being everywhere, the health of humans living with termite
infestation might be affected due to allergic reactions or even asthma attacks. Why do
not we substitute another thing to stop these carries can be seen and are too easily to
get? We need to provide simple preparation that can help us.
Satisfying people’s infinite needs and wants require exploring and developing
more natural resources as raw materials in the production of goods and services.
Many existing plants in the world are known to be a substitute. We can use them
as a substitute our needs. So as a result, the group developed a study of the insecticidal
property of a plant specifically garlic to end the infestation by killing the termites.
Allium sativum L., commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family
alliaceae. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, and chive. Garlic has been
used throughout recorded history for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It has a
characteristic pungent, spicy flavor that mellows and sweetens considerably with

1
cooking. Garlic is easy to grow and can be grown year-round in mild climates. In cold
climates, cloves can be planted in the ground about six weeks before the soil freezes
and harvested in late spring. Garlic plants are not attacked by pests. Because of this, the
researchers want to prove its effectiveness to kill termites, a more efficient research on
how to care with the people’s health without using harmful chemicals to kill termites.
This also beliefs details of the extract derivatives from plants and also help to solve
money.

Conceptual Framework

In this study, the researchers used grind garlic in the process of phytochemical
analysis to determine the active constituents of it. It underwent the process of
experimentation to determine the level of effectiveness. A paradigm of the study is
shown below to show the concept of researchers.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Garlic Bulb Extract

Extraction, as Insecticide
Garlic Bulb
Phytochemical
Extract
Screening Analysis,
and
Experimentation

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This research study has been conducted to determine the insecticidal property of
garlic bulb extract on termites.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following specific questions:
1. What are the active constituents present in garlic bulb as insecticide responsible in
eradicating house termites?

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2. What is the level of effectiveness of garlic bulb extract as insecticide in eradicating
house termites?
3. Is there a significant difference between the garlic bulb extract as insecticide and
positive control on house termites?

Research Hypothesis

This study tested the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance.

Ho: There is no significant difference between garlic bulb extract as insecticide
and the positive control (Baygon) on house termites.
Ha: There is a significant difference between garlic bulb extract as insecticide and
the positive control (Baygon) on house termites.

Significance of the Study

In this section, the researcher expressed the value for importance of the
research study. It is where the significant contributions of the results are enumerated.
Such contributions may be viewed from the point of the target beneficiaries like the
researcher himself and others. It may be viewed on their contributions to the
accumulations of knowledge, showing a problem, which improves certain of refinement
of concepts and theories, improvement of research instrument and methods in meeting
the priorities of institutions.
The following people who will benefit on this study are as follows:
Department of Agriculture. The sector of Department of Agriculture should
promote our study because it is economical and effective in terms of diminishing
termites and they don’t have to buy commercially prepared insecticides.
Community. The community will appreciate this research because the pest
surrounds them will be diminished and can clean your home and surrounding.
Housewives. They can have a budget-friendly pesticide.
Teachers. They can teach students to make improvised garlic pesticide and they
can teach what the benefits of garlic to students are.

3
 Future Researchers. They can use as basin of their future research and use this
research to improve or supplement for more proof of the existing studies.
Students. They can teach their parents on how to make the garlic pesticide and
they can learn the benefits of garlic to our daily life.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study focused on the effectiveness of garlic bulb extract as insecticide. In this
study, the researchers used garlic that was bought at San Carlos Public Market, San
Carlos City, Pangasinan. It underwent phytochemical analysis observation that has been
conducted at Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation College of Pharmacy in the year
2018.

Definition of Terms

In this section of study, the following terms which are hard to understand were
defined by the researcher:
Baygon. A commercially available product that specializes in killing insects in the form
of spray. This served as the positive control.
Eradicate. To eliminate or destroy something harmful. In this study, the term was used
to describe the killing of termites.
Garlic. Is widely used around the world for its pungent flavor as a seasoning or
condiment and also it can be a medical treatment. In this study, it served as the main
ingredient.
House Termite. A kind of soft, white insect that lives in groups, eats wood, and causes a
lot of damage to wooden structures. In this study, it served as the subject to be
eradicated.
Insecticide. It is used to control organisms which are considered harmful. In this study it
served to eradicate house termites that can transmit potentially deadly diseases like
cross contamination, and food poisoning.

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Mineral Oil. Any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of higher alkanes from a
mineral source, particularly a distillate of petroleum. Used as an extracting reagent in
the study.
Phytochemical Screening. Refers to the extraction, screening and identification of the
medicinally active substances found in plants. In this study, the researchers used this
method to determine the active constituents of garlic bulb extract.

5
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

In this chapter, some related literature and studies, which are relevant to the
problem are hereby presented. These literature and studies include materials, writer
and published by authorities as well as reports from scientific researches compiled in
the library.

Historical Background

The use of garlic in China dates back thousands of years. It was consumed by
ancient Greek and Roman soldiers, sailors, and rural classes and, according to Pliny the
by the African peasantry. Galen eulogized it as the "rustic's theriac", and Alexander
Neckam, a writer of the 12th century discussed it as a palliative for the heat of the sun in
field labor. Garlic was placed by the ancient Greeks on the piles of stones at crossroads,
as a supper for Hecate (Theophrastus, Characters, The Superstitious Man). According to
Pliny, garlic and onions were invoked as deities by the Egyptians at the taking of oaths.
In his Natural History, Pliny gives a list of scenarios in which garlic was
considered. Dr. T. Sydenham valued it as an application in confluent smallpox, and, says
Cullen found some dropsies cured by it alone.
Garlic was rare in traditional English and has been a much more common
ingredient in Mediterranean Europe. When the English came to America, they brought
their anti-garlic attitude with them, and it took almost three hundred years - likely
because of continuing puritanism influence - for this viewpoint to diminish, though garlic
was used as a folk medicine.
Translations of the c. 1300 Assize of Weights and Measures indicate a passage as
dealing with standardized units of garlic production, sale, and taxation—the hundred of
15 ropes of 15 heads each but the Latin version of the text refers to herring rather than
garlic. Garlic was used as an antiseptic to prevent gangrene during World Wars I and II.

6
Botanical Description

Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms
Biological Classification
Clade: Monocots
Kingdom: Animalia
Order: Asparagales
Clade: Euarthropoda
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Clade: Insecta
Subfamily: Allioideae
Order: Blattodea
Tribe: Allieae Garlic
Infraorder: Isoptera
Genus: Allium Figure 1

Species:  sativum
Termites

Figure 2

Life Cycle of Termites

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 Figure 3
After a queen lays her eggs, these will hatch into larvae and then will have the
process of molting or shedding exoskeletons. Then while this happens, the molting
organisms are called nymphs. Finally they will either be a worker, soldier or the
reproductive that will soon grow until they reach king or queen termite.

Related Literature

Foreign
Garlic has been useful as a spice for a very long time, and it is often utilized for
an ever-growing list of curative properties. However, the most interesting use for garlic
may not be the most well-known. Garlic makes a powerful natural insect repellent.
Garlic can be used to repel a variety of crawling and flying insects, including
mosquitoes,” according to Patrick Parker, Sava Tree Plant Health Care Program Director.
One treatment with garlic is effective for 2 weeks and can repel insects for up to one
month. Moreover, garlic is easy on the environment. Parker states, “It is a natural
extract and does not affect insects that are beneficial to suburban landscapes.”
Garlic bulbs contain an amino acid that converts to a substance called allicin
when crushed, blended or chopped. The characteristic odor released as a result of this
process has powerful properties. “When garlic extract is absorbed by a plant,
biochemical changes take place in its foliage which cause it to actively repel insects,”
says Parker, “In short, plants are provided with a long-lasting case of ‘garlic breathe’ that
causes insects to move elsewhere.” However, the treatment is odourless to humans
within minutes of application.
Insects are naturally repulsed by the presence of the botanical extract.
Therefore, they do not build up a resistance to garlic treatments. Garlic can also be
applied to many sensitive trees, shrubs and turf that traditional treatments would harm.
(Parker,2006)

Local

8
 Garlic has been used both as spice and medicine for thousands of years. With the
present craze on use of natural products, health maintenance or as therapeutic agents,
garlic, in its various preparations, has been popularly used for high blood pressure, for
high cholesterol, and for heart disease. It is also used to prevent certain types of cancer
such as stomach and colon cancers.

Related Studies

Foreign
Intact garlic cloves contains about 0.2-0.3% allilin, most of which is converted to
allicin when garlic is crushed. When garlic is homogenized in water, the major chemical
component is allicin. A methanol or ethanol extract of crushed cloves or powder
removes all the allicin. If the solvent is evaporated and solute emulsified in water, the
result can be a more potent insecticide, fungicide and bactericide than obtained with
water only. The insecticidal and fungicidal properties are partly due to enzyme
inhibition. Isolation and characterization of larvicidal principle of garlic, A. sativum have
been identified as Diallyl di-sulphide and Diallyl tri-sulphide. Both natural and synthetic
samples of these compounds are fatal at 5 parts per million to
Culexpipiensquinquefasciatus say. Extracts of garlic have proved effective against
Alternariaspp, powdery mildew, black spot, Phytopthora, Fusarium spp and bacterial
pathogen like Pseudomonas. The extracts have proved effective against nematodes,
mosquitoes, psyllids, lepidopterans and coleopterans larvae, whitefly, aphids, thrips,
mites and stored grain pests. The National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic, Pune,
Maharashtra is conducting research on this pesticide.
A coconut farm of Tiptur tall 20 years old at Kangovifarm,Kukunahalli village,
Dasanapurahobli, Golahalli post, at Bangalore. The palm was planted at 30x30 ft row to
row and 10x10 ft palm to palm in a row and all the fertilizers as per the recommended
dose are being adopted. Irrigation facilities are available and FYM is applied @ 2 baskets
per palm per year. The whole farm of 4 acres was affected by black headed caterpillar
(BHC) severely. Infested coconut palms were randomly selected in the farm. Each

9
treatment was applied to 10 palms. Twenty infested leaflets per palm showing
approximately 50 per cent damage were collected at random, from all over the infested
fronds (2-3 infested fronds). Random sampling indicated that to-date brown turned
fronds had a few larvae and pupae of BHC .Green leaflets with few brown spots had 2nd
or 3rd instar larvae generally and leaflets were selected for observations.
Simultaneously observations were also recorded in Nittoor and Bellahally.
The major pest, however, was the BHC and the treatments were aimed at
suppressing BHC infestation. So the palms infested with BHC alone were selected for the
study. Coconut palms in the Kangovi farm were severely affected by BHC and
observations and examination showed that all stages of the insect pest were found in
the farm. Observations during August 3rd and 4th weeks indicated that on an average,
4.10 I and II instars larvae/infested frond in Kangovi farm, 5.24 I and II instars larvae
/infested frond in Nittoor and 5.00 I and II instars larvae /infested frond in Bellahally.
During first fortnight of September there was very marginal increase in the number of
larvae in all the three locations. The numbers of larvae showed a slight decreasing trend
in the II fortnight of September. The declining trend continued in October. During IInd
fortnight of October, at Kangovi farm, on an average 2.80 larvae of I and II instars
/infested frond were recorded. The corresponding numbers in Nittoor and
Bellahallywere 3.00 and 2.70, respectively. The number of pupae of BHC showed a
similar trend. At Kangovi farm, the number of pupae/infested frond varied from 0 to 3 in
II fortnight of September and in Nittoor and Bellahally the number of pupae varied from
0 to 2, respectively. No attempt was made to detect the number of eggs of BHC per
leaflet at all the three locations. The insect showed development from early instar
larvae to late instar larvae and pupae.
Onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) as pest control intercrops in
cabbage based intercrop systems in Zimbabwe by Katsaruware Rumbidzai Debra,
DubiwaMisheck Cultural methods can be implemented to reduce the problems that
have been caused by indiscriminate use of insecticides. An experiment was carried out
in Makonde District, Zimbabwe to determine the ability of onion and garlic to reduce

10
pest problem when intercropped with cabbages. A randomized complete block design
was used with five treatments replicated three times. The treatments were cabbage
intercropped with garlic within rows, cabbage intercropped with onion within rows.
Cabbage and onion intercropped within rows. Cabbage and garlic intercropped within
rows and Sole cabbage. Data collected were on pest prevalence at physiological
maturity, cabbage plants that survived at three weeks after planting (WAP), number of
cabbage leaves damaged by insect pests at 6 cabbage head diameter and yield of
cabbages at physiological maturity. Intercropping cabbage significantly reduced pest
prevalence, plant death after transplanting, leaf damage and increased cabbage yield
compared to sole cabbage crop. However there were generally more benefits when
intercropping with either garlic or onions between the row.
The Effectiveness of Home Made Organic Pesticides Derived from Wild Plants
(Solanum pindiriforme and Lippiajavanica), Garlic (Allium sativum) and Tobacco
(Nicotianatobacum) on Aphid (Brevicoryne brassica) Mortality on Rape (Brassica napus)
Plants according to Mary L. Mhazo, Norman Mhazo and Michael T. A trial was carried
out at the Horticulture Research Centre, Marondera, Zimbabwe in 2007 to find out the
effect of organic pesticides derived from 2 local plants (Solanum pindiriforme and
Lippiajavanica), garlic (Allium sativum) and tobacco (Nicotianatobacum) on aphid
mortality on a rape (Brassica napus) crop. Rape seedlings were raised in a screen house
in potting media made from pine bark and vlei soil. Seedlings were transplanted into the
field at seven weeks after planting. The design of the experiment was a randomised
complete block (RCBD) replicated three times. Rape plants were infested with 10-12
aphids per plant at three weeks after transplanting. Organic pesticides prepared from
Solanum (spray and buttermilk), Lippia (spray), garlic (buttermilk, garlic and chilli spray)
and tobacco (spray) were sprayed on selected plants that were highly infested with
aphids at 10 weeks after aphid infestation. The control was unsprayed infested plants.
Buttermilk was mixed with paraffin. The results of aphid mortality obtained at 12 days
after spraying indicated that plants sprayed with Solanum (spray and buttermilk), and
garlic buttermilk had 100% mortality, Lippia spray, garlic and chilli spray and tobacco

11
spray had 77, 70 and 10% aphid mortality, respectively. The control plants had 0%
mortality. This shows that local wild plants (Solanum and Lippia) and garlic can be
prepared into formulations that can control aphids on rape plants and therefore can be
used as organic pesticides.(Mhazo, and Masarirambi, 2007)

Local
This study was conducted to determine the pesticidal effect of Madre de cacao
(Gliricidiasepium), Neem tree (Azadirachtaindica), Garlic (Allium sativum) extracts on
cockroaches (Periplanetaamericana). A completely randomized design was used in the
present study. A total of 539 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were prepared. In
each group there were 4 cockroaches in 25 replicates. Pure plant extracts were used, so
there were 5 treatment condition, the plant extract, the positive control and negative
control. A cage made of glass and wood was used to house the cockroaches. Soxhlet
Extraction Machine was used to extract out the pure plant substance. A pumping spray
was used to apply the plant extract on to the cockroaches (Periplaneta americana).
Hundred twenty-five plastic containers were used for the application of the three plant
extracts, the positive control and the negative control.

Within 25 replicates the positive control group had a mean mortality in terms of time
of 5.50 minutes with a standard deviation of 0.37 which shows that the positive control
was more effective. The experimental extracts are less effective compared to the
positive control. Comparing the three experimental extracts, Neem tree
(Azadirachtaindica) which has a time of 122.48 minutes with a standard deviation of
1.39 is more effective because it has a relatively shorter span of time in killing the
cockroaches compared to Madre de Cacao (Gliricidiasepium) had a mean mortality in
terms of time of 145.96 minutes with a standard deviation of 1.72 and Garlic (Allium
sativum) had a mean mortality in terms of time of 160.56 minutes with a standard
deviation of 2.02.

12
 The researchers conclude that the 100% Neem tree (Azadirachtaindica), Madre de
cacao (Gliricidiasepium), and Garlic (Allium sativum) extract had pesticidal effect against
cockroaches (Periplanetaamericana).The positive group showed more effectivity
because of its shorter time compared to the plant extracts. Based on values presented
by the experiment the rest comparisons or results were significantly differed at 0.05
level. The three extracts tested showed less effectivity compared to the positive control
Baygon. This is because of the p-value of Madre de cacao and garlic is 0.052. In the
interest of future studies, the researchers would like to recommend the following: it
would be better if other plant extracts with pesticidal effects would be used, it would be
better if other common house hold pests are used, and it would better if other plant
parts for acquiring plant extracts are used.(Baylon and Dagani, 2014)

While another study named “The Feasibility of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as Pesticide”
aims to know if garlic (Allium sativum L.) is feasible in making pesticide. Garlic (Allium
sativum L.) is a species in the onion family alliacease. The leaves, stems and flowers
(bulbils) on the head (spathe) are also edible and are most often consumed while
immature and still tender.

In making the pesticide, the methods used are concentrating all the ingredients
in making the pesticide. First, allow 3 ounces of finely chopped garlic to soak in 2
teaspoons of mineral oil for 24 hours. Add 1 pint of water and 1⁄4 ounce of liquid dish
soap. Stir well and strain into a glass jar for storage. Upon making the spray, combine 1-
2 tablespoons of concentrate in 1 pint of water to make the spray. Results showed that
the pesticide produced is yellowish brown.
In testing and evaluating the effectiveness of the pesticide from garlic, the product was
applied on cockroaches and observes after 10 minutes. After observing, the cockroaches
were found dead.
Therefore, garlic is feasible in making pesticide. This pesticide cannot harm
humans and it is environment friendly.(Marie, 2009)

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Synthesis of the Study
The study relates with the other studies as their product involves the inclusion of
Garlic towards the killing effect of the product. It also states the ability of Garlic as sub-
ingredient in making the pesticide. Besides the consumption of garlic, it does have some
same ingredients such as essential oils
It does not only have similarities but variations like the pureness of the garlic
extract that would differ it from the other works. On terms of its use, most of the insects
are caught upon the location of the area to be such as the black headed caterpillar, so
the differences that it had made are the research subjects. For all we know, that
subjects might have a different tolerance for the Garlic Insecticidal Properties. Also, the
other related studies include a larger scale of application specifically farm application,
and wider hypothesis for the insects that the products could eradicate.

Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the methods and procedures that were used by the
researchers in this study. This includes research design, data collection and tools for
analysis and statistical treatment.

Research Design

This study is experimental in nature. The researcher used two group design
having experimental and control groups. The control group was the commercially
prepared product (Baygon) and experimental group was the garlic bulb extract. The
performance of the experimental group was compared to the control group.

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Research Subject

In this study, 60 house termites were gathered by getting the damaged wood
which served as the subject, which was then divided into three trials each for the
control group and experimental group. These house termites were gathered at Burgos
St., San Carlos City, Pangasinan.

Research Locale

The garlic samplings were bought at Old Public Market, San Carlos City,
Pangasinan. The experimentation was conducted at the Virgen Milagrosa University
Foundation Special Science High School, Physical Laboratory. The Phytochemical
Screening was conducted at Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation College of
Pharmacy.

Research Materials and Reagents

In conducting the research study, the researcher used various materials for the
procedure of the study these are: graduated cylinder, mortar and pestle, spray bottle,
and clean cloth; 100 grams of finely chopped garlic, two tablespoon of mineral oil, 20
grams of soap (dish detergent), 50 ml water.

Data Gathering Procedures

I. Preparation of the Extract

Wash the garlic thoroughly with the running water. Slice the bulb into small
pieces. Pound it using mortar and pestle. Mix the 100 grams finely chopped garlic and 2
tablespoons of mineral oil and allow the garlic to absorb it. Squeeze the pounded garlic
using white cloth and place into a beaker. Dissolve the dish detergent in 50 mL of warm
water and add the garlic-oil mix.

15
 Strain the mixture through some white cloth two times to remove any bits of
garlic that may clog the spray bottle. Store the concentrated garlic extract in a glass jar
with a tight fitting lid.

II. Preparation for Application

For the application of the garlic bulb extract, 60 house termites were trapped in
3 different beakers, 10 house termites in each container per trial. Natural pesticide
won’t last forever. It is best to use it soon after making, as the concoction will lose its
potency over time. To apply the garlic pesticide, the researchers used a spray bottle,
where the extract will be inside the bottle. The extract was sprayed 5 times with a
distance of 3 inches to the house termites. Garlic spray is a broad spectrum pesticide, so
only spray the area of house where termites are always seen to lessen the risk of
harming any beneficial insects.

III. Phytochemical Screening

A .Screening for Alkaloids
70 ml of 95% ethanoic extract to dryness on steam bath will be
evaporated. The residue in 7 m of 1% HCL will be dissolved, aided by warming on
steam bath for 1 to 2 minutes, will cooled, filtered and then the volume of the
filtrate will be adjust to 7 ml by washing the residue on the filter paper with a
sufficient quantity of 1% HCL. Few grains of the powdered Nalco be added to the
filtrate, it will be shook and then filtered.
1 ml of the filtrate will be placed into each 4 small test tube. To the first
test tube add 3 drops of modified Mayer’s reagent (mercury, potassium iodide
TS) will be added; to the next 3 drops of Wagner’s reagent (iodine, and
potassium iodides); and the last; 3 drops of Burchardat’s reagent (2% iodine and
4% potassium iodide). A positive response is evidenced by the production of
precipitate. If no precipitate is observed, the test is negative for alkaloids.
B. Screening for Alkaloids

16
 70 ml of 95% ethanoic extract to dryness on steam bath will be
evaporated. The residue in 7 m of 1% HCL will be dissolved, aided by warming on
steam bath for 1 to 2 minutes, will cooled, filtered and then the volume of the
filtrate will be adjust to 7 ml by washing the residue on the filter paper with a
sufficient quantity of 1% HCL. Few grains of the powdered Nalco will be added to
the filtrate, it will be shook and then filtered.
1 ml of the filtrate will be placed into each 4 small test tube. To the first
test tube add 3 drops of modified Mayer’s reagent (mercury, potassium iodide
TS) will be added; to the next 3 drops of Wagner’s reagent (iodine, and
potassium iodides); and the last; 3 drops of Burchardat’s reagent (2% iodine and
4% potassium iodide). A positive response is evidenced by the production of
precipitate. If no precipitate is observed, the test is negative for alkaloids.
C. Screening for Unsaturated Sterols and Interpenes

30 ml of the 95% extract to the dryness on the water bath will be added.
The residue will be cooled at a room temperature and 15 ml of light petroleum
either will be added. It will be mixed well and filtered.
It will be repeated with additional volumes of petroleum ether as needed until
the last volume of the petroleum ether is colorless. The ethereal filtrates will
combine. The defatted residue for screening for flavonoids and
leucoanthocyanins will be set aside.
The combined ethereal filtrates will evaporate to dryness and then the
residue in 15 ml of chloroform will dissolve. The chloroformic solutions over
anhydrous sodium sulfate were filtered, dried and then the filtrate will divide
equally into 3 dry test tubes. The following test is essentially dehydration
reaction and therefore moisture must be excluded in each of the experimental
steps.
C1. Liebermann – Burchard Test
To the 5 ml of the filtrate in a suitably dry test tube, 0.3ml of acetic
hydride was added and mixed gently. One drop of concentrated sulfuric acid

17
was added. Any color change will be observed immediately and every 5 minutes
thereafter over a 60 minutes period. Run this test concurrently with 5 ml
portions of the standard solution prepared from the plants known to contain
unsaturated sterols or tritepenes.
C2. Salkowski Test
5 ml of the filtrate was transferred to a dry test tube and perform a ring
test with concentrated sulfuric acid. It was shook after 1 to 2 minutes and noted
the color change. A cherry red color is indicative of the presence of unsaturated
sterols. Conduct similar test with the standard solutions.
C3. Color Control
5 ml of the filtrate to the third test tube was added. No reagents shall be
added; serve as your color control.
D. Screening for Flavonoids
Dissolved the defatted residue from section C in 30 ml of 50% ethanol,
filtrated and placed 1 to 2 ml of each filtrate in each three test tube.
To the test tube number 1 Bate-smith Metchalf test, 0.5 ml of
concentrated HCL will be added and warm water bath for about 5 minutes and
the color changes were observed. The development of a red-violet color is not
immediately indicative of the presence of leucoanthocyanidins. Color formation
may be slow. If the color is not immediately apparent, allow the test solution of
stand at room temperature for an hour before recording the result as negative.
To the test tube number 2 Cyanidin Test, 0.5 ml of concentrated HCL was
added and 3 to 4 magnesium turnings. Observe carefully for color changes (to
red, green etc.) within ten minutes, which is indicative of the presence of
flavanols. If a definite color is formed, cool and dilute with an equal volume of
water and 1 ml of octyl alcohol. It was shook and will allow separate. The color
in octyl alcohol layer is due to glycones while the color in the aqueous layer is
due to glycosides.
E. Screening for Steroids (Cardio-active) Glycosides

18
E1. Presence of Unsaturated Sterols (Liebermann-Burchard Test) - The result in
section C1 will use.
E2. Presence of Unsaturated Lactones – Since the following three tests involve
color reaction it is necessary to run concurrent test with the control sample.
E3.Kedde Reaction – to 5 ml of 95% ethanolic extract and evaporating dish, 5 ml
of kedde reagent (2 gram of 3, dinitrobenzoic acid in 100 ml of ethanol) was
added and mixed will with a glass stirring rod. To the mixture, 2 ml of 1N
sodium hydroxide was added. It was mixed and observed color development. A
purple ring color is a positive indication of the presence of unsaturated lactone
ring.
E4. Presence of 2 – Deoxysugars (Keller – Killiani Test) – 10 ml of the 80%
ethanolic extract in an evaporating dish was placed and dried on a steam bath.
3 ml of ferric chloride reagent (mix 0.3 ml of 10% ferric chloride solution with 50
ml of glacial acetic acid) was added, stir to mix well, and was transferred to a
small test tube. With the test tube held at a 45 degree angle, layer 1 ml of
concentrated sulfuric acid by allowing it to run down to the inside of the wall of
the test tube. Avoid shaking or agitating the test tube at this point. Observe for
a purple ring at the interface, which would indicate the 2 – deoxysugars.
F. Screening for Saponins
F1. Froth Test – Took a volume of the alcoholic extract. For control, 2 ml of 10%
gugo extract will use (this is prepared by extracting 1 gram of gugo bark with 10
ml of ethanol) in a separate test tube. 10 ml of distilled water will added to each
test tube, a stopper was put and the tubes will shook vigorously for 30 seconds.
Allow to stand and observe over a period of 30 minutes.
F2. Screening for Tannins and Phenolic Compound –Evaporate 100 ml of 95%
phenolic extract to dryness on a steam bath remove the evaporating dish from
the steam bath and add 25 ml at distilled water to residue. Mix well stirring rod
and allow cooling at room temperature spontaneously.

19
 Centrifuge the cooled extract for several minutes and decant the upper
half form each test tube used. Add 3 to 4 drops of sodium chloride solution to
the decanted supernatant. Precipitation at this point indicative of salting out
reaction probably due to non-tannin components. Filter off any precipitate. Add
3 ml of filtrate to each three test tube. To the test tube number 1, add 3 to 4
drops of gelatin solution. To the test tube number 2, add same amount of
gelatin salt reagent (1% gelatin, 10% sodium chloride) to the test tube number
3, add several drops of ferric chloride TS. The absence of reaction with ferric
chloride TS indicates the absence tannins and phenolic compounds. A greenish-
blue color after the addition of ferric chloride TS and correlated with the
precipitation on the gelatin salt block test indicated the presence of tannins of
the cathacol type. A blue black color after the addition of tannins of ferric
chloride TS and correlated with the precipitation gelatin-salt block test indicates
the presence of pyrogavol type.
H. Screening for Anthraquinne Heterosides
H1. Bortrager’s Test
3 ml of ethanolic extract will transfer to an evaporating dish and was dried over
a steam bath. Defat the residue in the dish with 5 to 10 ml of petroleum ether.
50 ml of distilled water to the defatted residue was added, mixed well and
filtered into small separatory funnel. 10 ml of benzene will add, shake to mix
well, and allow two phases to separate. Drain out the aqueous layer (bottom
layer) and transfer the benzene phase (upper layer) to a test, introduce 5 ml of
ammonia TS, mix well and observe the benzene layer for color change.

H2. Modified Bortrager’s Test

0.3 gram of the plant extract will heated with 10 ml of 0.5N potassium hydroxide
and 1 ml of the dilute hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes. Cooled, filter and acidified
5 ml of the filtrate with approximately 10 drops of glacial acetic acid. The acidified
will transfer to a small separatory funnel tube and portion with 10 ml of benzene.

20
 The benzene phase will filter and transfer 5 ml test tube containing 2.5 ml of
ammonia TS. Mix well and observe for color change.

H. Screening for Cyanogenic Glycosides

Guignard test – 2 to 5 grams of crushed plant sample will place in a test tube.
Moisten with water and few drops of chloroform will add to enhance enzymes
activity for a firm stopper on the test tube, cork will use from which is suspended a
piece of picrate paper. The paper strip must not touch the inner side of the test
tube. The tube will warm of 35 – 40 degrees Celsius. Observe any change in color of
the paper. The appearance of various shades of red within 15 minutes is a measure
of a relative concentration of cyanogenic glycosides. If no color is observed for 3
hours, absence of glycoside is indicated.
J. Screening for Carbohydrates

J1. Fehling’s Test

1 ml of each Fehling’s A and B will mix then 4 ml of water will add to the mixture.
The resulting mixture will boil in a water bath (if there will be discarded and
another freshly prepared will be use) 2 ml of sample will add and the next mixture
will treat. A brick-red precipitate indicates a positive result for the presence of
carbohydrates.

Tools for Data Analysis

The data on “Insecticidal Property of Garlic Bulb Extract on Termites” was

tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using the following competition.

Sub-problem 1: To determine what are active constituents of Garlic Bulb Extract

responsible for the insecticidal property, the researchers used Phytochemical Screening
Analysis.

Sub-Problem 2: To find out the level of effectiveness of Garlic Bulb Extract in eradicating
house termites, the mortality was recorded.

Rating Scale

21
 To identify the level of effectiveness of insecticidal property of garlic bulb extract
on house termites. The following scale wasused.
The rating of the Insecticidal Property of Garlicwas based on a four - point scale.
The effectiveness was determined, according to the number of dead termites after the
spray.
Mortality Rate Description
96%-100% Very Effective
60%-95% Moderately Effective

10%-50% Less Effective

0-9% Not Effective

Sub-Problem 3: To identify if there is a significant difference between Garlic Bulb

Extract as an insecticide and positive control (Baygon) in eradicating house termites, t-
test was used.

For interpretation and analysis of data that was gathered, the following
statistical methods were employed. To compute the mean scores of the experimental
and control group to be obtained during the testing, two-sample t- test for related
variables was employed. The formula of which is as follows:
x́1 −x́2
t=
2 2
( n 1−1 ) S 1+ ( n2−1 ) S2
√ n1 +n2−2 √ 1 1
+
n 1 n2

Equation 1
Where:
x́ 1=arithmetic mean of the first variable
x́ 1=arithmetic mean of the second variable

S21= variance of the first variable

S22= variance of the second variable

n1= number of cases of the first variable
n2 = number of cases of the second variable

22
T-test
If the computed value is lesser than the tabular value (2.92), the null hypothesis
will be rejected. Therefore, there is no difference between Garlic Bulb Extract as an
insecticide and positive control (Baygon) in eradicating house termites.
While if the computed value is greater than the tabular value (2.92), the null
hypothesis will be accepted. Therefore, there is no difference between Garlic Bulb
Extract as an insecticide and positive control (Baygon) in eradicating house termites.

Chapter IV

ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, AND DATA INTERPRETATION

This chapter presents the data in accordance with objective of the study as well as their
analysis and interpretation.

With respect to specific program raised in the study, the researchers presented the
report in three categories; first, the active constituents of Garlic bulb; second, the level
of effectiveness of Garlic bulb extract in eradicating house termites and third, and the
significant difference between the garlic bulb extract as insecticide and positive control
on house termites.

Table 1. Active Constituent Present in Garlic Bulb

ACTIVE USES
CONSTITUENT
S

23
 Alkaloids have strong antibacterial, Antifungal and Anti-cancer Biological
Properties and are widely used in drug and herbal solutions. Alkaloids
ALKALOIDS play an important role in the defense systems against pathogens and
animals. Alkaloids have been reported as one of the important groups of
phytoconstituents obtained from natural sources.
The tannins have the property of coagulate proteins and mucosal tissues,
by creating an insulating and protective layer that soothes irritation and
TANNINS pain on the skin. Tannins are considered antioxidants and prevent the
onset of degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.

PHENOLIC Phenols are widely used in household products and as intermediates for
COMPOUNDS industrial synthesis. Phenol may have been the first surgical antiseptic.It
suffocates the termites.

The table 1 shows the active constituents of Garlic Bulb extract namely Alkaloids,
Tannins and Phenolic Compounds. Alkaloids have strong antibacterial, Antifungal and
Anti-cancer Biological Properties and are widely used in drug and herbal solutions.
Alkaloids play an important role in the defense systems against pathogens and animals.
Tannins are considered antioxidants and prevent the onset of degenerative diseases
such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Phenols are widely used in household
products and as intermediates for industrial synthesis. Phenol may have been the first
surgical antiseptic.

Based on the phytochemical screening, it shows that the active constituent that is most
responsible for the Insecticidal property of Garlic Bulb extract are Phenolic Compounds.

Table 2. Effect of Garlic Bulb Extract and the positive control on HouseTermites

Level of
Treatment Trials Total
Effectiveness

24
 T1 T2 T3

Experimental
Group (Garlic Bulb 10 10 10 30 100%
Extract)

Control Group
8 9 10 27 90%
(Baygon)

This table shows the effect of Garlic bulb extract and the positive control on
house termites. It can be seen on the table that it has one experimental group and one
control group.

In trial 1, there were 20 termites, which was distributed 10 per experimental and
positive control groups. The total number of dead termites for experimental is 10 while
for the positive control the total is 8 termites.

In trial 2, there were 20 termites, which was distributed 10 per experimental and
positive control groups. The total number of dead termites for experimental is 10 while
for the positive control the total is 9 termites.

In trial 3, there were 20 termites, which was distributed 10 per experimental and
positive control groups. The total number of dead termites for experimental and
positive control is 10.

With these datas obtained, the experimental group of Garlic bulb extract with
100% effectiveness is more effective compared to positive control (Baygon) with 90%
effectiveness.

Table 3: Significant Difference between Experimental and Positive Control Groups

Experimental Positive Control

25
 Mean 10 9

Variance 0 1

df 4

Observation 3

T- Computed Value 1.72

T- Critical Value 2.92

The table presents the different computed values needed for the t-test that
would determine the difference between the experimental and positive control group
(Baygon). It shows the mean, variance, degree of freedom, number of observations, the
critical value and computed value needed for the statistical treatment.

With the numbers of the critical and computed values, compared with the
application of the t-test in whether rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis. The T-
computed value is 1.72 while the critical value is 2.92.

26
 Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and

recommendations that were noted at the course study. It deals with the discussion of
results and observations that were gathered by the researchers.

Summary of Findings

Based on the data gathered, observed and evaluated answers, the findings as are
follows:

1. The active constituents of Garlic bulb extract were alkaloids, tannins and
phenolic compounds.
2. The level of effectiveness of Garlic bulb extract in eradicating house termites was
100% while the positive control (Baygon) has 90%.
3. Based on t-test method performed the null hypothesis was accepted.
Conclusions

Based upon our experimentation, we, the researchers, can conclude that garlic
pesticide is effective enough in killing termites and its quality is the same in commercial
pesticides.

27
 1. The phenolic compounds were responsible for the insecticidal property of Garlic
bulb extract.
2. Garlic bulb extract was effective in eradicating house termites.
3. There is no significant difference between the insecticidal effect of Garlic and the
positive control (Baygon).

Recommendations

To be able for this study to be more effective, further investigations should be

done.

1. The researcher would like to recommend testing the insecticidal property of

Garlic bulb extract to other insects.
2. The researchers would also recommend developing it into having a wider range
of tolerance against the factors around the house.
3. The researchers would like to recommend this to the proper authority such as
Department of Science and Technology and Department of Agriculture due to its
insecticidal properties.
4. The researchers would like to recommend studying the product’s potency over
time.

28
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Parker, Patrick. "Garlic Successful as Natural Insect Repellent". Article. April 2, 2006.
Savatree, Bedford Hills, NY. http://www.savatree.com/garlic-insect-
repellent.html . Accessed 11 Feb 2018
Sia, Isidro C. "Garlic (Allium sativum L.) ". Article. Dec. 31, 2008. National Institutes of
Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 623 Pedro Gil Street, Ermita 1000
Manila, Philippines. http://nih.upm.edu.ph/health/garlic-allium-sativum-l-
december-2008 .Accessed 11 Feb 2018

Chakravarthy, Dr. A.K. and B. Doddabasappa.”Testing of Garlic Based Bio-Pesticide On Insect

Pests of Coconut (Cocusnucifera L. ).” Electronic Theses or Dissertation. University
of Agricultural Sciences,2009. Bangalore. Gandhi KrishiVignan Kendra Bangalore.
GarlicBarrier.http://www.garlicbarrier.com/documents/Coconut_Report.pdf.Access
ed 08 Jan 2018.

Mhazo, Mary L. and Michael T. Masarirambi. “The Effectiveness of Home Made Organic
Pesticides Derived from Wild Plants (Solanum pindiriforme and Lippiajavanica),
Garlic (Allium sativum) and Tobacco (Nicotianatobacum) on Aphid (Brevicoryne
brassica) Mortality on Rape (Brassica napus) Plants.” Electronic Thesis or
Dissertation.Horticulture Research Centre, 2007.Marondera, Zimbabwe.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Effectiveness-of-Home-Made-
Organic-Pesticides-Mhazo-

29
 Masarirambi/8b862f923eb9dbbd32b3e78b16c395b6115466e3. Accessed 09 Jan
2018.

Katsaruware, Rumbidzai Debra and DubiwaMisheck. “Onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium
sativum) as pest control intercrops in cabbage based intercrop systems in
Zimbabwe.” Electronic Thesis or Dissertation. Zimbabwe Open University. 2014.
Zimbabwe.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271255202_Onion_Allium_cepa_and_g
arlic_Allium_sativum_as_pest_control_intercrops_in_cabbage_based_intercrop_sy
stems_in_Zimbabwe. Accessed on 09 Jan 2018

Baylon, Vanessa Yvonne and Eden Dagani II et. al.”Thepesticidal effect of Madre de Cacao
(Gliricidiasepium), Neem tree (Azadirachtaindica), garlic (Allium sativum) extracts
on cockroaches (Periplanetaamericana).” Electronic Thesis or Dissertation. Cebu
Doctors’ University, 2014.Cebu City, Philippines. College of Arts and Sciences –
Biology Department.http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?
view=research&cid=60713#physLocSection. Accessed 08 Jan 2018.

Marie, April.”The Feasibility of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as Pesticide. Electronic Thesis.
Cagayan De Oro, Philippines. 2009.
http://iluvmysuperhuman.blogspot.com/2009/04/abstract-this-study-aims-to-
know-if.html. Accessed 09 Jan 2018.

30
 APPENDIX A

Statistical Treatment

T-test Method

Values

x́ 1= 10 x́ 2= 9 SD 21= 0 SD 21=1

n1 = 3 n2 =3 df= n1 +n 2−2 = 4

x́ 1−x́ 2
t=
2 2
( n 1−1 ) SD1 + ( n 2−1 ) SD2
√ n1 +n 2−2 √ 1 1
+
n 1 n2

10−9
t=
0+2
√ 4
1
√0.67

t=
(0.71) (0.82)

t=1.72

1.72<2.92

31
 APPENDIXB

Documentation

Measurements

32
 Extraction

Collecting Termites

House of Termites

Products

33
 APPENDIX C

Result of Phytochemical Screening

34
35
CURRICULUM VITAE

Fil Jaydean DG. Cancino

#136 Burgos St., San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Personal Data:

Place of Birth : San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Date of Birth : January 17, 2002

Age : 15

Height : 5’7”

Weight : 55 kg

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents/Guardian : Mr. Jonathan Cancino

36
 : Mrs. Filipina De Guzman

Educational Background:

High School : Saint Charles Academy

: Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High

School

Elementary : Central I Elementary School

: Bolingit Elementary School

: Saint Charles Academy

CURRICULUM VITAE

Jann Alec A. Fermin

#202 Roxas Blvd., San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Personal Data:

Place of Birth : San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Date of Birth : April 24, 2001

Age : 16

Height : 5’6”

Weight : 56 kg

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents/Guardian : Mr. Voltaire B. Fermin

: Mrs. Fe Margie A. Fermin

37
Educational Background:

High School : Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High

School

Elementary : Rainbow School of San Carlos

CURRICULUM VITAE

Joaquin N. Garcia

#80 Barangay Cruz, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Personal Data:

Place of Birth : San Fernando, La Union

Date of Birth : June 10, 2002

Age : 15

Height : 5’5”

Weight : 57 kg

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents/Guardian : Mr. Mario Garcia

: Mrs. Rowena Garcia

38
Educational Background:

High School : Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High

School

Elementary : Bolingit Elementary School

CURRICULUM VITAE

Kevin Kurt P. Joaquin

Brgy. Agdao, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Personal Data:

Place of Birth : San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Date of Birth : October 22, 2001

Age : 16

Height : 6’0”

Weight : 57 kg

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents/Guardian : Mr. Judy Joaquin

: Mrs. Myrna Joauin

39
Educational Background:

High School : Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High

School

Elementary : Rainbow School of San Carlos

: Virgen Milagrosa Child Learning Center

CURRICULUM VITAE

Julia Rae D. Delos Santos

#21 SitioPacao, Brgy. Payar, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Personal Data:

Place of Birth : San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Date of Birth : July 12, 2001

Age : 16

Height : 4’11”

Weight : 50 kg

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents/Guardian : Mr. Renato G. Delos Santos

: Mrs. Janice D. Delos Santos

40
Educational Background:

High School : Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High

School

Elementary : Gospel of Christ School of San Carlos

CURRICULUM VITAE

Meryl Ann B. Rosario

#47 Perez Blvd., San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Personal Data:

Place of Birth : San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Date of Birth : December 10, 2000

Age : 17

Height : 5’0”

Weight : 42 kg

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Parents/Guardian : Mr. Arnel R. Rosario

: Mrs. Merly B. Rosario

41
Educational Background:

High School : Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High

School

Elementary : Virgen Milagrosa Child Learning Center

42