GIST OF KURUKSHETERA
RURAL PROSPERITY
SEPTEMBER, 2019
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GIST OF KURUKSHETERA
RURAL PROSPERITY
SEPTEMBER, 2019
Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................... 04
2. Government initiatives for social and economic security ......................................... 04
3. Rural Health .................................................................................................... 05
4. Suggestions for transformational changes in Rural health in India ............................ 06
5. Major government initiatives in Agriculture .......................................................... 07
6. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 08
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GIST OF KURUKSHETRA | SEPTEMBER, 2019
INTRODUCTION:
! The Government is taking various initiatives to accelerate growth in rural India thereby catalysing
the growth of the Indian economy. About 70 per cent of India resides in its villages. Undoubtedly,
the growth of rural sector is central to the overall development of the country.
! The Government has been investing in vital areas such as energy, electricity, health, women
empowerment, agricultural initiatives and several social security schemes to build a strong foundation
for the sustainable growth od India’s rural sector. Hence, Rural development is fundamental to the
country’s progress.
Livelihood Development and Diversification
The last 4 years have seen a considerable
Expenditure in Rural
stepping up of financial resources for improving
Year Development Schemes
rural infrastructure, diversifying livelihoods,
(amount in Rs. Crore)
reducing poverty and thereby improving the
well-being of poor households in terms of 2012-13 50,162
allocation for Programmes of Department of
Rural Development. 2013-14 58,630
Annual expenditure in 2017-18 is more than 2014-15 67.263
double of what it was in 2012-13.
2015-16 77,321
Major sources of funds for addressing Rural
Poverty during this period were:- 2016-17 95,099
! From 2017-18, under the Housing 2017-18 (RE) 1,05,448*
Programme, additional resources were
mobilized through Extra Budgetary 2018-19 1,12,403.92**
Resources (EBRs).
*Revised estimates for the year 2017-18.
! The transfer of funds under the 14th ** Budget Estimates for the year 2018-19.
Finance Commission has registered a Source: Ministry of Rural Development.
significant increase compared to the
allocations earlier under 13th FC.
! There has been increase in the allocations of Ministry of Agriculture and other Infrastructure and
Livelihood Programmes for the poor; thus, the total transfer of financial resources to Rural India has
been very significant.
MGNREGS focused on durable assets and Water Conservation, and also provided for livelihood generating
individual benefits like farm ponds, dug wells, goat shed, etc.
Major factors of Rural Poverty
Poverty of Households: Poverty of Geographies:
1. Lack of education and skills 1. Low price for produce-distress
2. Under-nutrition and ill-health 2. Violence/crime
3. Lack of employment opportunities 3. Unirrigated agri/vagaries of monsoon
4. Assetlessness 4. Lack of basic infra-roads, electricity,
5. Lack of safe housing 5. Lack of access to markets and jobs
6. Limited access to public services 6. Lack of non-farm opportunities
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Social Security:
! It has been recognised as an instrument for social transformation and progress and must be
preserved, supported and developed as such.
! Social security is increasingly seen as an integral part of the development process which helps to
create a more positive attitude and not just to a structural and technological change but also the
challenge of globalisation and to its potential benefits in terms of greater efficiency and higher
productivity.
! Social security may refer to social insurance, where people receive benefits or services in recognition
of contribution to an insurance programme.
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
SECURITY:
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana(PMJDY)
! To make affordable access to financial services such as bank accounts, remittances, credit, insurance and
pensions.
! It aims to bring banking services to large rural areas.
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
! Available to people between 18 and 50 years of age with bank accounts.
! It has an annual premium of Rs. 330 and GST is exempted on it.
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)
! To ‘fund the unfunded’ by bringing such enterprises to the formal financial system and extending
affordable credit to them.
! It enables a small borrower to borrow from all Public Sector Banks such as PSUs, RRBs, MFI and
NBFCs.
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana
! It is a pension scheme exclusively for the senior citizens aged 60 years and above.
! Provides an assured return of 8 per cent p.a payable monthly for 10 years.
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
! It is a government backed accident insurance scheme.
! It is available to people between 18 and 70 years of age with bank accounts.
Atal Pension Yojana
! It is a government-backed pension scheme, primarily targeted at the unorganized sector.
! Under this scheme, all subscribing workers below the age of 40 are eligible for pension up to Rs.
5000 per month on attainment of 60 years of age.
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GIST OF KURUKSHETRA | SEPTEMBER, 2019
Two aspects of Social Security by Amartya Sen and Jeane Dreeze:
“Protection” and “Promotion”
While the former denotes protection against a fall in living standards and living conditions
through ill health, accidents, the later focuses on enhanced living conditions, helping
everyone overcome persistent capability deprivation.
RURAL HEALTH:
! Rural health in India has made progress in terms of services and infrastructure in the last seven
decades. The period of 2002-17 has been argued as the first major health system reforms since
India’s independence. The period of 2017-19 has many similarities with the period of 2002-05 and
has potential to become the second wave of health reforms in India.
Table 1: Key Health Sector related developments and achievements in India
(2002-17)
2002 National Health Polity (NHP-2002)
2002-03 Universal Health Insurance Scheme (UHIS)
2005 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
2008: Rashtriya Swathya Bima Yojana (RSBY)
2008: Jan Aushadhi Yojana (relaunched as Pradhan mantri Bhartiaya Janaushadhi
pariyojana (PMBJP) in 2016
2018-17 State specific social health insuarance schemes for spefific target populations
2010 Report of High level Expert Group (HLEG) on Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
2011 India Reported last case of Wild Polio Virus
2012 Intensive discourseson operationalisation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in
India started
2013 India is declared polio non-endemic country; National Urban Health Mission
(NUHM), with this NRHM renamed as National Health Mission (NHM)
2014 South East Asia region of WHO is declared polio free; Mission Indradhanush to
increase routine immunisation coverage launched; National Mental Health Policy
(NMHP) released; High Priority districts 9HPDs) for interventaions under NRHM
in India Started.
2015 India validated meternal and neonatal tetanus elimination; Country becomes
Yaws free as well
2015-16 Task force on comprehensive primary health care (PHC) in Inida.
2017 National Health Policy 9NHP-2017); National Mental Healthcare Act; Report on
state specific burden of disease in India
Two-third of India’s population lives in rural areas. Health of rural population is vital for the overall health
and development of nation.
National Health Policy 2017:
! Proposal that Govt. would be sole provider of Primary health care services.
! Provision and attention on special populations such as Tribal health.
! Increasing Government spending on health to 2.5 per cent of GDP by 2025.
! Two-third or more govt. spending on health for primary health care.
! State governments to increase spending from 5 per cent to 8 per cent of state budget.
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NITI Aayog strategic plan for new India(2018-22)
! Universal health coverage,
! Comprehensive primary health care,
! Human resources for health; and
! Public health care and management.
New health initiatives by Government for newborns and adolescents:
Rashtriya Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (RSSK)
Rashtriya Bal Suraksha Karyakaram (RBSK)
Rashtriya Kishor Suraksha Karyakaram (RKSK)
Kayakalp
SUGGESTIONS FOR TRANSFORMATIONAL CHANGES IN RURAL
HEALTH IN INDIA:
Recruit and Post Community Health Providers (CHP) in Rural Areas: The CHP could be an opportunity for
rural India, for changing health services from doctor-centric to a team-based approach, where a mix of
healthcare providers is decided, as per the service required at that level.
Establish Toll-free Call Number for both Curative and Diagnostic Services: A dedicated toll-free call centre
number of health needs of population can be established. Population should be made aware about this
number and the call can be directed to qualified doctors, for appropriate advice.
Make Rural Health Facilities Ready for Disasters and Emergency Situation: There is an urgent need to
make health facilities disaster and natural calamity resilient. This is an action which needs to be taken and
coordinated at national level as well as by all states.
Start many small non-health initiatives for bigger health impacts: For example, better access to electricity at
rural health facilities and improved access to motorable roads in rural habitation that would contribute to
improved access and utilisation of health services in India.
‘Grand Convergence’ of Public Service Delivery in Rural India: To explore the idea of government service
delivery hubs at Panchayat level, where all basic services can be located in single compound, identified and
owned by Panchayats.
MAJOR GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES IN AGRICULTURE:
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
! Beneficial for small and marginal farmers and in geographies where water sources are available.
! Ensure ‘more crop per drop’ which will cover 28.5 lakh hectare area under irrigation.
! Rs. 5000 crore fund for micro-irrigation has been made available .
! Also, encouragement for farmers to install solar pumps for irrigation.
Credit for Farmers
! Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana is the biggest risk cover and safety net provided by the
government.
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GIST OF KURUKSHETRA | SEPTEMBER, 2019
! Under the interest subvention scheme, short-term crop loans up to 3 lakh with interest rate of 7 per
cent per annum has been made available.
Soil Health Card
! Government has dispatched more than 13 crore Soil Health Cards from 2015-18.
! Soil Health Cards carry crop-specific recommendations for nutrients and fertilizers to help farmers
improve their productivity.
Neem Coated Urea
! To boost the growth of wheat and paddy, and curb the black marketeering and hoarding of urea.
! Government of India has made use of neem-coated urea mandatory.
Marketing the Farmers Produce (e-NAM)
! It has integrated 585 markets across 16 states and 2 union territories.
! 22,000 Rural Haats will turn into Gramin Agriculture Market which will benefit 86 per cent small
farmers.
! Address price volatility of perishable items like tomato, potato and onion.
Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF)
! To facilitate the States in mobilizing the resources for expanding coverage of Micro irrigation.
! Bringing additional coverage through special and innovative initiatives by State Governments.
Agriculture Contingency Plan
! ICAR has prepared district level Contingency Fund to tackle the monsoon situations leading to
drought and floods, extreme events affecting crops, livestock and fisheries.
Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
! To promote organic farming in the country
! To improve soil health and increase net income of the farmer so as to realise premium prices.
Facts and Data:
Agriculture consumes 60 per cent of available water resources.
47 per cent of agricultural land area is under irrigation.
The private sector constitutes less than 2.5 per cent share in total investments in agriculture.
About 14 per cent of gross value added in agriculture is invested in the sector.
Corpus of Rs 10,000 crore has been set up to create infrastructure in fisheries, aquaculture and animal
husbandry.
Agriculture production in 2017-18 with 279.51 million tonnes of foodgrain production.
CONCLUSION:
There is a need to introduce reforms, creating necessary infrastructure and systems through innovation
and enhancement for the betterment of the masses. This includes necessities like electricity, clean energy,
agriculture technology among other areas of the rural sector.
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As agriculture is the main source of India’s national income and pivotal for rural development, it is necessary
to improve the condition of farming community. The country has witnessed record foodgrain production in
2017-18 due to initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Sinchai Yojana, Soil Health Card Scheme, credit facilities for
farmers, e-NAM and various other schemes.
Practice Question
Rural development is a necessity for India and key to National Development. In the light of this statement,
discuss how rural transformation can be made more inclusive? Also, what are the key initiatives taken by
Government in this regard?
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