et
International Journal on Emerging Technologies (Special Issue NCETST-2017) 8(1): 573-575(2017)
(Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net)
ISSN No. (Print) : 0975-8364
ISSN No. (Online) : 2249-3255
Uninterrupted Power Supply to a Load using Auto-Selection between
four Different Source
Tarun Kaira1, Deepak kulyal1, Jitendra Kumar1, Ankit Kumar Arya1 and S. C. Sharma2
1
Scholor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Amrapali Institute of Technology & Sciences Haldwani, (U.K.), INDIA
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Amrapali Institute of Technology & Sciences Haldwani, (U.K.), INDIA
ABSTRACT: As we all are aware of the fact that the demand of electricity is increasing every day and India
being the populated country the most commonly problem faced are frequent power cut and low energy
resources.
The main objective of the work is to solve both these problem by not relying on single source and switching
into renewable source of energy. This work uses four different sources to provide uninterrupted power
supply and one of the sources is renewable source i.e. solar energy.
The work also provide additional advantage i.e. Automation which is done by using microcontroller (8051)
family.
Keywords: Microcontroller 8051 family (PCI/AT 89C51), generator, solar panel, relay, inverter, switches, mains.
I. INTRODUCTION on high voltage supply and are high costly. And some
electrical devices need regular or uninterrupted or
In India the requirement and availability of energy for
continuous power supply to work well for longer life
power supply is 11,14408 million units and 10,90850
span.
million units for 2015-16 and we also know that the
human activities is mostly dependent on electrical Many electrical system are highly sensitive which can
power supply. The above fact clearly shows that the be affected by a minute interruption in the power
supply is not meeting the demand. As a result frequent supply line. In the power supply system there are many
power-cut is done and interrupted power supply is chances of interruption to take places at any times like
provided. The alternative for this problem is to switch power fail/cut off, faults etc. To avoid such types of
towards renewable energy resources. problems these project system are best which take
Four different sources i.e. mains, generator, solar and power supply via four different sources and alternate
inverter are used to provide uninterrupted power between them using microcontroller. The merit of this
supply. Using the solar energy as one of the power work is that they are reliable and economical.
source provides the solution for low energy resources
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
since it is a non-renewable source of energy.
The second objective of work is to provide automation This uninterrupted power supply control system works
which make the work faster, reliable, efficient, and on the principle of auto selection for switch over the
reduce human efforts. Microcontroller (PIC/AT89C51) load to other available source without interruption or
is used to provide automation in the switching between switch off the load. This work uses 4 different sources
four different sources. The automation system used for of supply which drive the load and provide
switching requires separate source to provide an output uninterrupted power supply. All the four sources are
signal which will operate the four different relays connected parallel to each other as shown in the block
connected to sources respectively. diagram. The sequence of power sources is mains,
solar, inverter and generator respectively i.e. highest
II. METHODOLOGY
priority is given to mains and least priority to generator.
The main reason behind to selects this work is there are
lot of industries and domestic appliances which work
Kaira, Kulyal, Kumar, Arya and Sharma 573
Fig. 1.
Table 1: List of component.
S.NO. LIST OF COMPONENT QUANTITY
1. RESISTOR 11
2. CAPACITOR 5
3. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT 3
4. MICROCONTROLLER(PIC16F877A) 1
5. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR(4MHZ) 1
6. VOLTAGE REGULATOR 1
7. RELAY 4
8. TRANSFORMER 1
9. 16*2LCD 1
10. PLAIN PCB 1
At normal condition i.e. when mains supply is present, sources. When any source is switched off through the
relay connected to mains sense the output from the selection keys then the microcontroller shifted the load
mains and load is driven by mains supply. All other to the other supply source by giving the signal to the
sources which are connected in parallel are open at this relay driver IC then the relay driver IC switched on the
time. In case mains supply is cut off, power is appropriate load relay.
automatically drawn from second source i.e. solar. If Load relays used in this work are connected in parallel
solar supply is absent the microcontroller will switched with load and four sources of supplies are also
to inverter supply. If inverter supply also fails, the connected in parallel with these load relays. These load
supply will automatically shift to generator. relays consist of normally open and close contacts and
One of the other possible case is when power switches are operated through the relay driver IC.
from one source to another source, say solar supply We have checked this system by connecting the lamp at
fails and supply shifts to inverter and at the same time if output side as a load. When any interruption takes place
mains supply comes back then the supply will in the power supply lamp will not blink during the
automatically switched to mains supply instead of shifting of sources. Otherwise there will be blinking
switching to inverter because mains supply has been during the shifted time of the sources i.e. there is
given the highest priority. The selection process of interruption in supplying the power at output side of the
sources is done automatically using microcontroller. work.
In this system microcontroller is very essential
component and always keep sensing the available
Kaira, Kulyal, Kumar, Arya and Sharma 574
IV. SOME COMPONENTS either one of the quantities is vary; the DC output
received at this point changes. To overcome this
Microcontroller PIC 16F877A: In this auto power
drawback a regulator is applied at the output stage of
supply control system, the PIC 18F877A
the filter.
microcontroller is used for the auto selection of the
RECTIFIER: In this work bridge rectifier is used due
available source. It shifted the load to the other power
to its merits like full wave rectification and high
supply source automatically without any interruption. It
stability. For a single half of the cycle only two diodes
is programmed in c language with help of micro c
will be in forward bias condition.
software and is powered up with 5V dc voltages. It is
interfaced with LCD display and relay driver IC. V. CONCLUSION
Relay Driver: In this auto power supply control
This work is use to provide a continuous power to the
system, the relay driver ULN2003 is used for driving
load through any of the sources from which we are
the load relays. This relay receives the signal from
operating the device i.e. main line, generator, inverter
microcontroller for shifting the load on another supply
and solar automatically in the absence of any of
source. It is powered up with 5V dc and interfaced with
the source. The complete operation is based on the
microcontroller.
microcontroller. This work is a low-cost, reliable,
Transformer: The transformer is used for connecting
efficient system.
this system directly to 220V AC. It steps down 220V
The work can be further enhanced by using other
into 12V.
sources like wind power also and then taking into
Voltage Regulator: The voltage regulator is used for
consideration for using the best possible power source
regulating 12V DC into 5V DC voltages for supplying
whose tariff remains lowest at that moment.
the power to the LED, microcontroller and other
components. IC LM 7805 voltage regulator is used for REFERENCE
regulating voltages.
[1]. Smt. Thilagavathi, (Nov 5,2016) “Automatic power
LCD Display: LCD display is used for displaying the supply controller using four different source”.
source of supply on which the whole system is working. [2]. http:// consultelectronicsproject.blogspot.com.
FILTERS: Capacitive filters are used in this work. It [3]. www.wikipedia.org.in
removes the ripples from output of the rectifier. The DC [4]. http://powermin.nic.in/en/content /power-glance-all-india
output received from this filter is constant until the
mains voltage and load is maintained constant but if
Kaira, Kulyal, Kumar, Arya and Sharma 575
