Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDCUATION

K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

TEACHER’S GUIDE
Exploratory Course on
BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................................................3

Background Information

The Overall Goal of the K to 12 Curriculum .............................................................................................................................................3

The Conceptual Framework of the Teaching of TLE................................................................................................................................3

The TLE Exploratory Courses..................................................................................................................................................................5

Time Allotment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6

The Learning Modules and Lessons..................................................................................................................................................................6

New Feature of the Teaching of TLE .................................................................................................................................................................6

About the Learning Module

Design of the Module...............................................................................................................................................................................7

Parts of the Lesson..................................................................................................................................................................................8

Reflection ........................................................................................................................................................................................................12

Curriculum Guide.............................................................................................................................................................................................13

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Teacher’s Guide for TLE Exploratory Course on Bread and Pastry Production

Introduction

This Teacher’s Guide is intended for you, the TLE teacher, who teaches any of the more than 24 TLE exploratory courses in the Grades 7 and
8 of the K to 12 curriculum. To ensure that you teach the TLE exploratory courses the way they were intended to be taught, you must see the big
picture of the K to 12 curriculum and the teaching of TLE. Some background information is necessary.

Background Information

1. The Overall Goal of the K to 12 Curriculum

The K to 12 Curriculum has as its overarching goal the holistic development of every Filipino learner with 21stcentury skills
who is adequately prepared for work, entrepreneurship, middle level skills development and higher education. The overarching goal of the K
to 12 curriculum, tells you that the teaching of TLE plays a very important role in the realization of the overall goal of the curriculum. Whether
or not the K to 12 graduate is skilled and ready for work, entrepreneurship and middle skills development depend to a great extent on how
effectively you taught TLE.

2. The Conceptual Framework of the Teaching of TLE

Below is a schematic diagram of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) framework in general secondary schools. This should guide
you in the teaching of the TLE exploratory courses.

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Figure 1.TLE Framework

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The diagram shows that Technology and Livelihood Education encompasses the field of Home Economics, Industrial Arts, Agri-Fishery
Arts and ICT. The 24 TLE courses can be categorized under any of these fields.

TLE is geared towards the development of technological proficiency and is anchored on knowledge and information, entrepreneurial
concepts, process and delivery, work values and life skills. K to 12 TLE is one that…

a. is built on adequate mastery of knowledge and information, skills and processes, acquisition of right work values and life skills;
b. equips students with skills for lifelong learning; and
c. is founded on cognitive, behavioral or psychomotor and affective dimensions of human development.

The diagram likewise shows that entrepreneurial concepts also form part of the foundation of quality TLE. It is expected that your TLE
students, after using the Learning Module on Entrepreneurship, imbibe the entrepreneurial spirit and consequently set up their own
businesses in the areas of Agri-Fishery Arts, Industrial Arts, Home Economics, and Information and Communication Technology.

TLE by its nature is dominantly a skill subject and so you must engage your students in an experiential, contextualized, and authentic
teaching-learning process. It is a subject where your students learn best by doing. It is integrative in approach. For instance, it integrates
entrepreneurship with all the areas of TLE. It integrates concepts, skills and values.

3. The TLE Exploratory Courses

TLE in Grades 7 and 8 are exploratory in nature. Your school will choose at least 4 from the list of 24 courses for which 23 Learning
Modules have been prepared.1Your school’s choice is determined by the availability of its resources (faculty and facilities) as well as the local
needs and resources of the community.

The 24 TLE exploratory courses focus on four basic common competencies: 1) use and maintenance of tools and equipment;
2)
mensuration and calculation; 3) occupational health and safety procedures, and 4) preparation and interpretation of technical drawing. Why

1
There are 24 TLE courses but there are only 23 Learning Modules because there is only one Learning Module for Tailoring and Dressmaking.

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are these competencies described basic? Because they are competencies that students must acquire in order that they can do higher level
competencies. They are also described common because these are true to all TR-based TLE courses.

4. Time allotment for Technology and Livelihood Education is four hours per week.

The Learning Modules and Lessons

There is a Learning Module for each exploratory course. If there are 24exploratory courses then you have 24 Learning Modules in your hands.
But you will use 4 Modules only for the entire year in Grade 7 and another 4 Modules in Grade 8. In these exploratory courses, you are expected to
integrate Income Generating Projects (IGP) to help your students earn while they learn.
Each Learning Module consists of 4 to 5 Lessons2. The Lessons are focused on the 4 to 5 common competencies. To avoid meaningless
repetition of the teaching of the 5 common competencies, we have to teach them in the context of the TLE course. For example, you teach “use and
maintenance of tools” in beauty care when you are teaching the course on Beauty Care. You teach the same competencies - use and maintenance of
tools-in Bread and Pastry Production but in the context of Bread and Pastry Production and so your tools will not be entirely the same. Definitely, there
are some tools that are common to all the courses.

New Feature on the Teaching of TLE

What’s new in the teaching of TLE in the K to 12 curriculum? In the K to 12 curriculum, the TLE courses are taught based on the learning
outcomes and performance criteria stated on the Training Regulations (TR) from Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). They
are TR-based.

Why is this necessary? To prepare the K to 12 graduate for lucrative work, he/she must earn a National Certificate (NC) I, II or even an NC of
a higher level that is required by industries. This he/she earns after passing an assessment given by TESDA.
2
Some Learning Modules combined use and maintenance of tools to make one Lesson, so the number of Lessons amount to 4; others made separate Lessons for use of tools and for
maintenance of tools, thus the total is 5 Lessons.

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How can you ensure that the K to 12 high school student (Grade 9 to 12) pass TESDA assessment and obtain an NC? By seeing to it that
you teach the TLE course in accordance with the performance criteria and learning outcomes laid down in the TESDA Training Regulations.

Do the exploratory courses enable the high school student to earn already an NC? Not yet. Completion of the exploratory courses may not
yet qualify a high school student to take an assessment for an NC. Instead, it helps him/her earn a Certificate of Competency (COC) at least in Grade 9
that will lead eventually him/her to an NC. In short, the COC paves the way to the earning of an NC.

Student’s choice of TLE specialization begins in Grade 9. After having been exposed to an array of TLE courses during the exploratory phase in
the first two years, the student will be most benefited, if in Grades 10, 11, or 12 he/she continues with a TLE course in which he/she already has a COC.
In that way, he/she will get an NC faster.

About the Learning Module

1. Design of the Module

a. The Module is designed to be a teacher-assisted learning kit or a self-learning kit on competencies that a Grade 7 TLE ought to possess. It
explores the course on Aquaculture which helps your student earn a Certificate of Competency in Grade 9 which leads to a
National Certificate Level I / II (NCI / II) in Grades 10, 11 or 12.

b. The Learning Module is made up of 4 to 5 Lessons based on the competencies. Each Lesson contains the following:
1) Learning Outcomes
2) Performance Standards
3) Materials/Resources
4) Definition of Terms
5) What Do You Already Know?
6) What Do You Need to Know?
7) How Much Have You Learned?

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8) How Do You Apply What You Learned?
9) What Is Your Score?
10) References

There are some TLE Modules which have a section on “How Do You Extend Your Learning?” This section is meant for enrichment. It is
usually given as an assignment for not everything can be taught and done in the classroom given the limited time.

c. The Self-check given after the pretest and information sheet/s can also serve as the posttest of the lesson.

2. Parts of the Lesson. -The following explain the parts of each Lesson and describe what your students’- as well as your tasks are.

Part of the Lesson Students’ Task Teacher’s Task

1. Learning outcomes are what your TLE Students acquaint themselves with the learning You introduce the learning outcomes to your
student is supposed to know and be able outcomes and performance standards and students and make sure that they understand
to do after using the module. Since our make them their personal goals. them and make these learning targets their
TLE courses are TR-based, all learning own.
outcomes are lifted from the TESDA TR. In
the Curriculum Guide (the matrix which Make these your goals for instruction.
contains Content Standard, Performance
Standard, Learning Competencies,
Projects/Activities, Assessment, Duration),
the identified Learning Outcomes are
written in the column of Learning
Competencies.
2. Performance Standards are referred to Students clearly understand the performance You introduce the performance standards to
as “performance criteria” in the TESDA TR. standards and make them their own learning your students and make sure that they
They are more specific descriptions of the goals. understand them and make these performance
student’s behavior that serve as evidence standards their own.

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that the expected learning outcomes have
been realized with the expected level of Let these standards give your lesson its specific
proficiency or in accordance with direction.
established standards.

The learning outcomes and performance

standards set the direction of your lessons.
These are what you should teach and, in
turn, what you should assess. They are
identified and are written for you in the
Curriculum Guide.
3. Materials/Resources and References Get to know the materials. They are part of the Prepare the materials you need in advance. For
To teach effectively, you need materials Lesson. gadget, tool or equipment, it is always wise to
and references. Materials may include prepare, check and try them in advance to
equipment, hand tools or consumables. By all means, read the references for lesson ensure that they function when you use them.
The references are the books, magazines, mastery. As the saying goes “forewarned is forearmed.”
articles, websites you yourself and your
students will read or refer to in order to Be resourceful in the preparation of materials.
gain greater understanding of the lesson. You are strongly encouraged to use appropriate
They are either in soft copy or hard copy. local materials as substitute for listed materials
that are not available.

For effective teaching, your lesson preparation

should include reading the list of references.

Do not limit yourself to the list of references. If

you discover good reference material/s, add to
the list of references.

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Introduce the references to your students.
Motivate them to read these references as they
go through the module for mastery of the
lesson.
4. The definition of terms and acronyms Refer to the definition of terms for greater Remind your students to refer to the definition
will help you understand the meaning of understanding of the lesson. of terms and acronyms for clearer
key words in your lesson. Defining key understanding of the lesson.
words as they are used in your lesson will
ensure that the key terms in your lesson
mean one and the same for everyone in
class and so avoid misunderstanding.
5. The section “What Do You Already Take the test honestly. Tell your students to accomplish the pretest.
Know” is intended to determine entry Ask your students to use a separate sheet of
knowledge and skills of your students to Check answers against the answer key paper for their answers. Explain that the
find out if you have to teach the lesson, provided. purpose of the pretest is to find out how much
teach some parts of the lesson or skip it they already know about the lesson in order to
entirely because your students already determine your next steps. It is, therefore,
know it. This is done by way of a pretest. necessary that they take the test honestly, if
they want to learn or want to be helped.

Make it clear to them that their scores will not

be recorded for grading purposes and will not
be taken against them.

If you find out that your students already know

what you are about to teach, logic dictates that
you do not need to teach it anymore. You may
as well proceed to the next lesson. If, however,

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you find out that they do not yet know what you
are about to teach, then by all means teach. Or
if you discover that your students have some
erroneous concepts, then teach and correct
their misconceptions. To know what your
students already know and do not yet know will
guide you in adjusting your instruction.
This means that you always start your lesson
presentation with the results of the pretest
because you are going to teach them what
they do not yet know and correct whatever
wrong concepts they have at the beginning of
the lesson.
6. “What Do You Need To Know?”- This Read and understand the Information Sheet/s Make sure students are engaged in reading the
section contains one or more Information and /or Operation Sheet. Information Sheet/Observation Sheet and in
Sheets and for some modules an answering the self-check.
Operation Sheet. These are important Be prepared For a Self-check which serves as
notes for the TLE student to read after a posttest. Give assistance to your students where
which he/she is asked to do a Self-check to needed.
determine how much he/she has learned. Correct answers by referring to the answer key.
The self-check functions as a pretest.
7. “How Do You Apply What You Do the Activity. Find a way to test real life application of what
Learned?” – In this section, you give your your students have learned.
student the opportunity to transfer what To determine level of performance, use the
he/she has learned in another activity or in scoring rubrics or check answers against the Do not hesitate to use ways of determining how
real life situation. Ideally, this should be a answer key, whichever is applicable. your students can apply learned facts and
performance test, what you usually call concepts which are more authentic and realistic

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practical test. If “the proof of the pudding is Reflect on assessment results. than that/those given in the Module.
in the eating”, then your student must be
able to apply what she/he learned in real- Reflect on assessment results. Use
life setting or must be able to come up with assessment results in planning the next steps
a product as an evidence of learning. for instruction.
8. How Do You Extend Your Learning? – Do the task assigned outside class hours. Motivate the students to do the task by making
As the word implies, this activity is done clear what the enrichment activity is about –why
outside class hours for enrichment it is given, how it is done, how it relates to the
purposes. This can reinforce lesson class lesson .
mastery.

Reflection

It is a good habit to reflect on your teaching for the day – what went well, what did not go well, why this activity went well with this group, why it
didn’t work well with the other group. What are your realizations? What are lessons learned? Jot them down in your diary. Commit them to
your memory. If you do this consistently, you will find your delivery improve substantially.

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Curriculum Guide for the Exploratory Course on Bread and Pastry Production

For you to get a complete picture of the complete TLE exploratory course on Bread and Pastry Production, you are hereby provided with the
Curriculum Guide on Bread and Pastry Production.
Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies

LESSON 1: USE OF TOOLS AND BAKERY EQUIPMENT

Demonstrate understanding
of/on:
Baking tools and 1. Baking tools and LO1. Prepare 1. Familiarizing and Written 4 hours
equipment, their uses equipment are identified tools and classifying different
Test
based on their uses. equipment baking tools and
Classification of tools for specific equipment and their Perform
and equipment baking uses. ance on
purposes. 2. Operate an oven the
classific
ation of
tools

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Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
LESSON 2: PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
Demonstrate understanding
of/on:

Standard table of Standard table of weights LO1.Familiarize Written 2hours

weights and and measures are oneself with examina
measures identified and applied. the table of tion
weights and
measures in
baking

Conversion/ Accurate conversion/ LO2. Apply basic 1. Calculating of Performanc

substitution of weights mathematical ingredients using eon 2hours
substitution of
and measures are operations in fundamental conversi
weights and measure
performed. calculating operations. on of
weights and weights
measures. and
measure
s

Proper measuring of 1. Reading of LO3. Measure dry 1. Performing the proper Demonstr 4 hours
ingredients measurements is and liquid measuring of liquid ation
practiced with accuracy. ingredients and dry ingredients
accurately

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Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies

LESSON 3: MAINTAIN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Demonstrate understanding
of/on:
Classification of 1. Tools and equipment are LO1. Check 1. Testing for the Direct 4 hours
functional and non- identified according to condition of accuracy,
observat
functional tools classification/specification tools and functionality, and
ion
and job requirements. equipment. usefulness of the
2. Non-functional tools and delivered tools and Written
equipment are materials. test
segregated and labeled 2. Classifying functional
according to and non-functional
classification. tools and equipment
3. Safety of tools and and repairing of
equipment are observed defective tools.
in accordance with
manufacturer’s
instructions.

Types and uses of 1. Tools and equipment are LO2. Perform 1. Practicing the proper Direct 4 hours
maintained according to basic cleaning of tools
cleaning materials / observat
preventive maintenance preventive
disinfectants ion
schedule or maintenanc
Preventive manufacturer’s e. Written
maintenance specifications. test
techniques and 2. Tools are cleaned in
procedures. accordance with standard
Occupational Health procedures.
and Safety Center
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Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
(OSHC) workplace 3. Work place is cleaned
regulations and kept in safe state in
line with OSHC
regulations.

Proper storage of Tools and equipment are LO3. Store tools 1. Storing, safe keeping, Written 4 hours
stored in safely and and labeling of tools
tools and equipment test
accordance with equipment and equipment based
/questio
manufacturer’s on manufacturer’s
ning
specifications or company requirements.
procedures. Perform
ance
test

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Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
LESSON 4: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
Demonstrate understanding
of/on:

Hazards and risks 1. Workplace hazards and LO1. Identify 1. PowerPoint Written test 4 hours
identification and risks are identified and hazards presentation on
control clearly explained. and risks hazards and risks.
2. Hazards/Risks and their 2. Making posters of
Occupational Health corresponding indicators warning signs on
and Safety (OHS) are identified in line with dangerous and risky
indicators company procedures. areas.
Personal hygiene and 3. Contingency measures 3. Labeling toxic
are recognized and chemicals and their
proper hand washing
established in safe keeping.
accordance with
organizational
procedures.

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Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies

Philippine OHS 1. Effects of hazards are LO2. Evaluate 1. Film viewing on the Written 4 hours
determined. hazards effects of hazard risks. examination
Standards
2. OHS issues and and risks 2. Visiting people in the
Effects of hazards in concerns are identified in workplace and
the workplace accordance with interviewing
workplace requirements personnel.
and relevant workplace
OHS legislation.

Safety Regulations 1. In dealing with workplace LO3. Control 1. Familiarizing oneself Written Test 4 hours
accidents, fire and hazards with the locations of
Clean Air Act emergencies are followed and risks emergency or fire
in accordance with the exits and first aid kit.
Electrical and Fire
organization’s OHS 2. Showing the proper
Safety Code policies. use of Personal
Waste management 2. Personal protective Protective Equipment
equipment for controlling (PPE).
Contingency 3. Practicing proper
hazards is correctly used
Measures and in accordance with segregation
Procedures organization’s OHS techniques
procedures and risks are
strictly followed.

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Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies

Operational health 1. Procedures in emergency LO4. Maintain 1. Emergency drills on Written 4 hours
related drill are strictly occupation fire and earthquakes examina
and safety procedure,
followed in line with the al health and performing first tion
practices and
established organization and safety aid measures on
regulations
guidelines and awareness hazards.
Emergency-related procedures. 2. Simulation in giving
drills and training 2. OHS personal records first aid
are filled up in
accordance with
workplace requirements.
40
hours

“By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is
easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.”

- Confucius

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