Kuntz 1

Connor Kuntz

Professor Hellmers

English Composition 1201

23 November 2019

Online Casebook

Harvey, Orlanda, et al. “Support for People Who Use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A

Systematic Scoping Review into What They Want and What They Access.”

Sinclair Library Databases, EBSCOhost, 31 July 2019,

http://sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?d

irect=true&db=fsr&AN=137819821&site=eds-live. Accessed 14 November 2019.

“Support for People Who Use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Systematic Scoping

Review into What They Want and What They Access.” is written by Orlanda Harvey, et

al., and was published July 31st, 2019, I got this source from the Sinclair online

database, and the main point of this article is to explain how AASs, Anabolic Androgenic

Steroids, users need more support. The article begins by presenting background

information on the topic, such as side effects of AASs, statistics pointing out how

common they are, and other data that has been collected on the subject. Following this,

the paper summarizes the information gathering methods and strategies used to collect

the data used. These include search algorithms, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and

literature search strategies. Next, there was data extraction and analysis, which was a
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compilation of all the data used from the sources and stating the quality assessment

tools, the CASP Checklist, the Quantitative Review Methodology tool by Davids and

Roman, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The review of the results and this

information is put into different sections describing different aspects. These sections

describe information and support sought out by users, the how misuse and harm can

happen when an individual uses AASs and advice related to minimizing this, what

information individuals research and how they research this information, how health

issues are supported by users, what their ideal support would be, a discussion about

the gaps in research on the topic, and how online information is used. In addition, there

are sections on support services for AAS users. These sections talk about what support

services there are, how support services work, and the barriers that present themselves

when trying to access support services. Succeeding all this information, there is a

paragraph discussing the weaknesses and strengths of the information, for example

only using English sources. Lastly, there is a conclusion that highlights key points in the

research and concludes that the most important thing that can be learned from the

research, is that there needs to be more research done on the topic.

The writer's purpose for this article is to spread information on the topic and to

call for more research. The audience of this piece are people who desire more

knowledge on the support of AAS users. This article was written early this year, and this

most definitely helped the idea of supporting users and not shunning them. This is

because drugs are now being looked at in a vastly different light than in previous

decades. Where this article was caused less research than otherwise might be

available, because only English research was used.

This source is reliable for a multitude of reasons. First and foremost, this came

from the Sinclair library, which has high standards for what information they use. The

writers of this paper are experts on the subject. The article has been peer reviewed by

BMC Public Health. In addition, this article is remarkably recent, being published less

than a year ago.

The information in this source will help me answer my research question and

support my points. The main point of me using this article will be displaying the lack of

research done on these drugs and how important it is. In addition, it will allow me to add

a more human element to my paper. By discussing the information about the support

and attitudes to the topic I can do this. I will also use this paper to list how AASs are the

most common of PEDs, performance enhancing drugs.

Mayo Clinic Staff. “Performance-Enhancing Drugs: Know the Risks.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo

Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 18 May 2019,

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-

enhancing-drugs/art-20046134. Accessed 14 November 2019.

“Performance-Enhancing Drugs: Know the Risks.” was written by the Mayo Clinic

staff, appeared on their website on May 18, 2019, and the main point of the article is to

explain the risks of some PEDs. The article goes over 8 types of PEDs by briefly

explaining what they are, the risks involved with them, and some background

information on the drugs. The drugs this article describes are AASs, designer steroids,

androstenedione, human growth hormone, erythropoietin, diuretics, creatine, and

stimulants. In addition, the conclusion of this article states that long term effects of
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PEDs has not been thoroughly studied. Lastly, the conclusion also says these drugs are

extremely risky.

The purpose of this article is to educate individuals interested in the topic about

the risks of using PEDs. The audience of this piece are individuals who what a concise

overview of PEDs and the risks associated with them. This article was written earlier in

the year, so it has all but the most recent information on the listed drugs. The article

publishers and writers work for the Mayo Clinic and their objective is to spread helpful

medical information.

The specific writer of this piece is never listed, but the Mayo Clinic staff is listed

where the author's name would be. However, even without a specific author listed, I

know this article is credible. This is because the Mayo Clinic is an extremely respectable

organization and punishes peer reviewed information. In addition, as stated before, the

article is very recent and would have the newest information on the subject.

I will use this source in many ways, but most importantly I will use it to show the

variety of PEDs that are used. The information in the source allows me to establish

credibility by showing that many sources come to the same conclusion. It will allow me

to properly explain the positive, potential positive, and negative effects of using these

drugs. In addition, I will use the article to aid in establishing the lack of research on the

topic. Lastly, with the information from this source I will give background information on

the drugs.

Pope, Harrison G., et al. “Adverse Health Consequences of Performance-Enhancing

Drugs: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.” Oxford Academic, Oxford

University Press, 1 June 2014,

https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/35/3/341/2354633#51333895. Accessed

13 November 2019.

“Adverse Health Consequences of Performance-Enhancing Drugs: An Endocrine

Society Scientific Statement.” written by Harrison G. Pope, et al., appeared on the

Oxford Academic website on June 1, 2014, and the thesis of this article is to publicize

the fact that most PEDs are used by non-athlete weightlifters and show the adverse

health effects of PEDs. This piece goes over the history of PEDs, the side effects of

them, the research that has been done on the subject, and the surrounding information

on PEDs. This article displays this information in 10 sections, two of these sections

have their own subsections for increased detail. These main sections are the

introduction, followed by the essential background information section of definitions, the

process of data gathering and synthesis section that explains the process behind the

research for this article, the factors contributing to the limited appreciation of the

adverse effects of PEDs section, the history of PED use section, and the first section

with subsections, the epidemiology of PED use section. The subsections to this section

are the age of onset, prevalence of use, types and patterns of PED use, and the

association of PED use with other high-risk behaviors sections. These subsections the

people behind PED use and how PEDs are commonly used. The last four sections are

the adverse health effects of PEDs, the interactive effects of performance-enhancing

drugs and sports Injury, gene doping, and gaps in our knowledge sections. The first of

these four contains the subcategories of are the androgenic-anabolic steroids, human

GH, Insulin, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents sections. These four subsections

discuss the effects of their title drug, the detection of the drug, and a more detailed

background than described in the previous sections of the drug.

The writers’ purpose for writing this article is to spread awareness of PED use

and the negative effects of these drugs. This article is primarily for an academic

audience who are doing research in the field. This is because the length of the article

would deter more casual readers, it is posted on an academic website, and the writers

go into great scientific detail on the subject. Where this piece was written has no

substantial effect on the information presented. In addition, when this article was written

has no substantial effect on the information presented, however, being written in 2014

prevents the utmost recent information from being used.

All the writers are highly educated, work as professors, medical agencies, or

government agencies. The professions of these individuals lead them to being experts

in this research field. I know this source is reliable because it is from an academic

source and the information has been peer reviewed.

I will use the information available in this piece in every aspect of my paper.

There will be a wealth of information I can use in every section of my paper. I will use

background information, drug facts, and information to support and present my counter

arguments. With detailed drug descriptions, historical information, and modern-day use

information, I will be able to add substantially more depth to my points.

Rowe, Rachel, et al. “‘No Pain, No Gainz’? Performance and Image-Enhancing Drugs,

Health Effects and Information Seeking.” Sinclair Library Databases,

EBSCOhost, Oct. 2017,

http://sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?d

irect=true&db=tfh&AN=124311607&site=eds-live. Accessed 14 November 2019.

“‘No Pain, No Gainz’? Performance and Image-Enhancing Drugs, Health Effects

and Information Seeking.” is an article written by Rachel Rowe, et al., that was found in

the Sinclair Database and was originally published in October, 2017, and the point of

this article is to spread awareness of safer, more knowledgeable ways to use PEDs,

and show the lack of research on what kinds of people use PEDs and how they use

them. This article provides large amounts of survey data related to the use of, the

motivation behind, the seeking of information about, and the side effects of PEDs,

majorly AAS. The article delivers this information in sections through statistics, survey

results, and research done by others in the field. These sections are the introduction,

background, the methods second which includes the study design and procedure,

instruments, and data analyses subsections. Following these sections, there is the

results portion of the article which goes over all the information collected. It does this in

the participants, PIED, or performance and image enhancing drugs, use, self-reported

benefits and adverse effects of AAS use, self-reported adverse health effects and

correlation with AAS cycles and breaks, engagement with health services, and seeking

information about PIEDs subsections. In addition, there is the discussion portion of the

article, which discusses what the results mean and adds real world context to the

results. Lastly, there is the conclusion, which condenses the information in the

discussion portion, calls for more accurate and accessible support for PED users, and

highlights the need for safety.

The writers’ purpose in this article it to display the research gathered to have a

better understanding of why people use PEDs, how people use them, and where they

find their information. They do this to call for different practices and new research on the

subject to increase safety. The audience for this piece are those who are interested in

the subject, NSP, needle and syringe programs, organizations, and others who can help

PED users be safer and more informed. This piece was written in 2017, so it is fairly

recent, and the date has essentially no effect on the information. The location, however,

does affect the information. The location of this information is from New South Wales,

this affects the programs available to PED users, the sample size, and the culture of the

people.

All the writers for this piece are professionals who have written multiple research

papers, work with universities or hospitals, and are educated in the subject of the article.

These writers are Rachel Rowe, Israel Berger, Jan Copeland. I know the source is

reliable because it comes from the Sinclair Database and it was originally published in a

trusted scientific and medical journal.

While the objective of this article does not directly relate to my research topic, it

does provide useful information. This article will allow me to apply to logos, because I

can use statistics to support my point. I also will use the information about minimizing

harm and the lack information to support my arguments. In addition, I will use this article

to help describe the side effects of PEDs.

Savulescu, Julian, et al. “Why We Should Allow Performance Enhancing Drugs in

Sport.” British Journals, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 23 Nov. 2004,

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/38/6/666#ref-5. Accessed 14 November 2019.

“Why We Should Allow Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport.” was written by

Julian Savulescu, et al., and published on The BMJ website on the 23rd of November

2004, and the main point of this article is to convince the reader that PEDs should be

allowed in sports. This piece goes over some of the history of PEDs, training methods

and how PEDs differ, practical examples, statistics, and more to support its thesis. It

goes over this information in sections to help separate different key points. These

sections are the introduction, drugs in sports, condemned to cheating, the spirit of sport,

unfair, just for the rich, unsafe, children, climate of cheating, prohibition, the problem of

strict liability, alternative strategies, and test for health not drugs, which acts as the

conclusion. The authors of this article use all the sections, except the introduction, to

address counter arguments related to the section titles and strengthen their point.

The writers’ purpose in this article is to convince the reader that PEDs should be

allowed in sports. The intended audience of this piece is anyone interested in sports

regulation related to PEDs and anyone who wants a better understanding of how PEDs

affect athletes. The location of where this article was written does not alter the

information presented in any notable way besides language. This article was written in

2004, making it my oldest source, however this date does not appear to affect the

information substantially. The only things that could be notably affected by the date are

the monetary amounts because of inflation.

The main writer of this piece is an oxford professor Julian Savulescu who has

written a multitude of papers. I know this source is credible because it is in a peer

reviewed journal and the information has been used by multiple news outlets.

I will use the information in this piece to apply to pathos, structure my counter

arguments, and give real world examples of PEDs being used by athletes. I will apply to

pathos by evaluating the fairness of PEDs, the risks, the deaths of athletes, and the

struggles of athletes. Many of the arguments presented in this article relate heavily to

my topic and I will use this information to assist in forming detailed arguments. The real-

world examples will be used in the two previous points, in addition to adding

background information on PEDs.

Turillazzi, Emanuela, et al. “Side Effects of AAS Abuse: an Overview.” National Center

for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, May 2011,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21443513. Accessed 14 November 2019.

Emanuela Turillazzi, et al., wrote “Side Effects of AAS Abuse: an Overview.”, it

appeared in the May of 2011 on the NCBI website, and the main point of the article is

explaining the complexities of studying AASs and how effects vary from person to

person. The article briefly describes background information on AASs. Next, it

discusses the lack of practical testing and how research has found that the effects of the

drug can vary for a multitude of reasons. Finally, the article calls for a better

understanding of these drugs for correct treatments and diagnoses.

The authors’ purpose in writing this article is to spread information about how

AASs affect people differently and to motivate others to conduct more research. The
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intended audience of this piece are clinicians, scientists, and others related to the use

and research of AASs. While this article was written before my most recent sources, it is

still relatively recent, and the newer sources support the information in this. The location

of Italy does not affect any information in the article.

The leading writer of this piece is Emanuela Turillazzi is credible, because they

are a professor, have many other peer reviewed research studies, and is an expert in

the field. I know that this source is reliable because it has been peer reviewed and is on

a government website.

I will use the information from this source to explain the different effects AASs

can have on people. This article will assist me in dealing with counter arguments to my

claim. In addition, it is another source that highlights the lack of research on the topic.

Wailoo, Keith. “Old Story, Updated: Better Living Through Pills.” The New York Times,

13 Nov. 2007, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/13/health/13essa.html.

Accessed 14 November 2019.

“Old Story, Updated: Better Living Through Pills.” is a news article written by

Keith Wailoo for The New York Times and was published November 13th, 2007, the

main point of this article is to teach about some of the history of PEDs and to relate this

to present events. This article discusses some of the history of PEDs in sports. It goes

over the different types of PEDs that have been most commonly used by athletes

throughout the 1950s. The article also goes over some of the non-athletic use of PEDs

in society at the time. In addition, the article goes over specific historical examples of

PED use and supposed PED use. The article also covers how these drugs have been
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regulated by organizations, such as the American Medical Association, and the

industries that made some of these drugs.

The writer's purpose is to spread the history of PEDs and have the readers

reflect on how this differs from the present day. The audience for this piece is average

people who want to know more about the history of PEDs and how it compares to

today. Where this piece was written has no bearing on information presented. This is an

older source written in 2007, however this article is discussing well documented

historical information. For this reason, the time of the article does not contribute to the

information in any major way.

The writer of this article is Keith Wailoo and he is credible because he is writing

for a prolific news organization, is a historian, and is a professor. The source is reliable

because it is from a prominent news organization that has standards for their articles.

I will use the information presented in this piece to show how long PEDs have

been notably used in sports. In addition, I will show how PEDs have changed from then

to the present. I will use this information to retort counter claims and add additional

background information on PEDs.