Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

K to 12 (also K-12) is an education system under the Department of Education that

aims to enhance learners’ basic skills, produce more competent citizens, and prepare

graduates for lifelong learning and employment. Senior High School “completes” basic

education by making sure that the high school graduate is equipped for work,

entrepreneurship, or higher education. This is a step up from the 10-year cycle where high

school graduates still need further education (and expenses) to be ready for the world.

At present, the Philippines is the last country in Asia and one of only three countries in the

world with a 10-year pre-university program. ABM is one of the strands that the program

is offering to SHS students which stands for Accounting, Business and Management. This

research is focused on Grade 12 ABM students of St. Dominic College of Asia. (DepEd

,2015)

The Grade 12 ABM students had been chosen as the respondents of the research which

had an objective of understanding their perceptions towards the entrepreneurship

applied track subject. The focal point of this research is the importance of

Entrepreneurship and how it develops the skills and capacities of students. This aims to

seek the primary purpose of the entrepreneurship education and its impacts on Grade

12 ABM students.

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Background of the Study

Entrepreneurship is one of the contextualized subjects of the Senior High

curriculum and its seeks to provide students with the knowledge, skills and motivation to

encourage entrepreneurial success in a variety of settings. The subject focuses on the

development of skills or attributes that enable the realization of opportunity. The

researcher had perceived about the ill-defined importance of Entrepreneurship and

was intrigued on what would be the students perception on their applied track subject.

To clearly understand the perception of Grade 12 ABM students, The research was

conducted at St. Dominic College of Asia (SDCA) which is an educational institution in

Bacoor, Cavite that was founded in 2003. St. Dominic College of Asia started to open

Senior High School and offered ABM, STEM and HUMSS in 2015 (SDCA Student

Handbook, 2017)

Statement of the Problem

An entrepreneurship mindset should be encouraged especially in the minds of the

youth. Entrepreneurship seeks to help Grade 12 students in learning foundational

leadership and venture-vetting skills.

However most have a graduate to employee mindset which somehow hinders

their financial growth. Since students aren’t that much aware of the applied track subject

they are having, students doesn’t know the importance of it wether the effects and

concept of it.

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 Encouraging and implementing entrepreneurial mindset at an early age just like

in Senior High will help produce business minded people and change their outlook on

entrepreneurship.

This study was conducted to determine the significance of entrepreneurship

curriculum to the enhancement of skills of Grade 12 ABM Students of St. Dominic College

of Asia. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the significance of entrepreneurship education on Grade 12 Students of St.

Dominic College of Asia?

2. How can entrepreneurship help ABM students to intensify their skills need in the industry?

3. What are the roles of entrepreneurship curriculum inorder to meet the standard set in

our economy?

Scope and Delimitation

The students different perspectives and beliefs will be the focal point of this study.

In addition, the research will also focus on what are the advantages and its effects. To

fulfill this research, the researcher conducted an interview and had given questionnaires

to the total of fifteen (15) Grade 12 ABM students.

This research is limited only to Grade 12 ABM students particularly in St. Dominic

College of Asia. Their course choice did not affect their perception towards the

entrepreneurship applied track subject.

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Significance of the Study

The result of this research will benefit the following:

ABM students

The research will benefit the ABM students in a way that they would be fully

aware if the applied track subject is really salient or not and also compare and

contrasts with fellow ABM students about their perspectives.

Entrepreneurship Teachers

The outlook of the ABM students towards the entrepreneurship is beneficial to the

educators, educators will recognize the impacts of their subject in the minds of their

students and if that if that the applied track subject needs a room for improvement.

The Future Researchers

This research can be used as a reference or a basis for future researchers’ study

which is related with the topic of this research. They may use or have it as a reference

for their study, but with proper citation.

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Definition of Terms

ABM- a strand that focuses on the basic concepts of financial management, business

management, corporate operations, and all things that are accounted for.

Entrepreneurship- the opportunity for individuals; a process where you can improve

yourself financially and economically for your life's growth and stability.

Salient- noticeable, clear to see; obvious

Focal point- the feature of a work of art that is the most interesting or important or the

most strongly emphasized.

Perception- a way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something; a mental

impression

Significance- a mass noun which means the quality of being worthy of attention or is

important

Perception- a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of

view.

Ill-defined- not having a clear description or limits; vague.

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 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents both foreign and local related literature and studies from

various sources of related materials and papers that supports the significance of the

study. This chapter also provides details and terms that are relevant to the subject matter

to fully understand the research.

Foreign Literature

Nowadays, entrepreneurship education (EE) is one of the fastest growing fields of

education globally (Solomon, 2007). As entrepreneurship courses were first provided in

conventional business education (Kuratko, 2005), consequently, much early research

focused on exploring the already provided programmes (McMullan & Vesper, 1987;

Vesper & Gartner, 1997). Only later did the interest in exploring the learner side emerge

that aimed to understand how real-life entrepreneurs learn and acquire entrepreneurial

competencies (Morris, Webb, Fu, & Singhal, 2013). The focus on studying entrepreneurs

as the starting point for designing EE programmes is appreciated as it will contribute to

providing learner-centred programmes that better engage students rather than teacher-

centred ones (Jones, 2010).

Foreign Studies

The contribution of entrepreneurship education at undergraduate level was

investigated. The study reveals that the undergraduate entrepreneurship education

course indeed contributed toward enhancing the entrepreneurial skills of

undergraduate science, technical and vocational education. It was also found that

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the entrepreneurial skills of technical education students are significantly higher than

that of their counter parts in the science and vocational education programs, which

could be due to their higher technical skills compared to those in science and vocational

education.

Local Literature

According to Evangelista (2013), as cited in Mendoza and Lacap (2016),

entrepreneurship has been the long battlecry of various organizations, both private and

public. Even policymakers, academics, and researchers believe that entrepreneurship is

an important vehicle to economic advancement not only for developed nations but also

for developing countries (Temtime, Chinyoka, & Shunda, 2004). The small, budding start-

ups are the ultimate vehicle for entrepreneurship contributing to employment, social and

political stability, and innovative and competitive power (Thurik, & Wennekers, 2004).

Thus, it is vital to measure the entrepreneurial inclination among SHS students in order for

SHS faculty members, academic institutions offering SHS, and government agencies such

as DepEd and CHED to fully hone SHS students to become potential entrepreneurs.

According to Krueger and Brazeal (1994), as cited in Lengyel (2011), entrepreneurial

potential is about inclination, an openness and willingness to grasp a business

opportunity. This idea is not certainly a deliberate intention to become an entrepreneur.

However, in most studies and literatures, the essence of entrepreneurial inclination and

intentions are almost the same. Thus, the role of entrepreneurship education is a critical

factor in producing potential entrepreneurs. For instance, Keat, Selvarajah, and Meyer

(2011) investigated how entrepreneurship education affects entrepreneurial inclination

of university students in Malaysia. The results revealed that the university’s role to promote

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entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial curriculum and content are statistically significant.

The purpose of entrepreneurship education is to positively change the behavior of

students in order for them to be entrepreneurial and become venture creators. Through

this, students can form new enterprises and create more new employment opportunities

(Fayolle & Gailly, 2005; Hannon 2005; Venkatachalam & Waqif, 2005). The role of

entrepreneurship education influences the decision of an individual to become an

entrepreneur (Volery & Mueller, 2006). Therefore, entrepreneurship education is

paralleled with the rising interest toward entrepreneurship as a feasible career option

(Gorman, Hanlon, & King, 1997) and an antecedent to entrepreneurial inclination

(Okeke, Okonkwo, & Oboreh, 2016).

Local Studies

Based on a local study conducted the results recommended that school policies

that may help encourage and support students’ entrepreneurial activities should be

made or adapted in order to convert their high level of perceived entrepreneurial skills

into something tangible (Malolos, 2017). It has been noted that entrepreneurship impacts

society through employment, improvement of human life, increased productivity, and

revenue from taxes (Lacap, 2015), and investigating the inclination towards

entrepreneurship of SHS students can be a benchmark and a tool that can be used by

government organizations including DepEd and CHED in promoting entrepreneurship

education among Filipino youth. With a rapidly changing business environment,

managers are faced with developing entrepreneurial skills that would assist them in

innovating competitive products and services, in creatively solving problems and taking

advantage of opportunities, in managing risk, and in making other tough decisions.

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 Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter discusses the research design, population of samples, instrument for data

collection, administration of the instrument, the data gathering procedure and analysis.

It includes the interview schedules, questionnaires and observation.

Research Design

The research used a qualitative phenomenology approach. Phenomenology is an

approach to qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience

within a particular group. The fundamental goal of the approach is to arrive at a

description of the nature of the particular phenomenon (Creswell, 2013). This approach

is the most appropriate in this study because ideas are generated from rich amount of

data by the means of induction, human interests and personal experiences.

Population of Samples

The participants of this research focuses on Grade 12 ABM students in St. Dominic

College of Asia. The sample that will be conducted are for the ABM students who has

an entrepreneurship applied track subject in their curriculum. The number of

participants is only 15 because of the attainability of saturation and the sampling

technique that will be using is purposive sampling.

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Research Instrument

Interview is the most suitable instrument for this research and the questionnaire is

designed to gather information about the Grade 12 ABM students’ knowledge,

attitudes and beliefs on entrepreneurship. The respondents should be Grade 12 ABM

students of St. Dominic College of Asia to pique the researcher’s study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will interview the selected Grade 12 ABM students to gather raw

and reliable data. Also, survey forms will be used in this process to have more credible

result which in a written medium.

Data Processing Procedure

After the interviews have been audio-recorded, the data will be transcribed and

check in order to convert the spoken word to the written word to facilitate analysis. The

transcription is slightly more difficult, as multiple voices are involved in the area.

Synthesis

The research used a qualitative approach as a design for the researcher to obtain

more detailed information from the Senior High School ABM 12 students of St. Dominic

College of Asia which was the sample interest of the study. In addition, the researcher

had conducted interviews and constructed questionnaires for gathering in-depth

information and for practicality. Moreover, the interviews were held in a casual

conversation-like manner, while the questionnaires were distributed to the respondents

and immediately acquire answers. Finally, the acquired information was carefully

compiled, organized and analyzed by the researcher to come up with a conclusion.

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References

Solomon, G. (2007).

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311975.2015.1052034, Entrepreneurship

education: A systematic literature review of curricula contents and teaching methods,

Introduction, 2007.

Espiritu, D. (2015). https://journals.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/JEMAD/article/view/1307,

Lessons for Designing an Entrepreneurship Curriculum: The Case of Two Schools in Laguna,

Philippines, Vol 1, No 1, 2015.

Malolos, C. (2017) http://docplayer.net/64436093-Level-of-perceived-entrepreneurial-

skills-of-students-at-the-western-philippines-university-puerto-princesa-city-palawan.html,

Level of Perceived Entrepreneural Skills of Students at the Western Philippines University,

Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Conclusion, 2017.

Lacap, J. (2017) fkp.umk.edu.my/jeb/download/10-v5i2.004.pdf, Senior High School

Students’ Entrepreneurial Inclination: The Case of Accountancy, Business, and

Management Track Students in Pampanga, Philippines, Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 37 - 49. 2017.

Deba, A. (2016),

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299231817_ENHANCING_ENTREPRENEURIAL_

SKILLS_OF_UNDERGRADUATE_SCIENCE_VOCATIONAL_AND_TECHNICAL_EDUCATION_STU

DENTS_THROUGH_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_EDUCATION, Enhancing Entrepreneurial Skills of

Undergraduate Science, Vocational and Technical Education Students through

Entrepreneurship Education., Conclusion, 2016

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Bumatay, E. (2008),

https://www.usm.edu.ph/onlinejournal/index.php/USMJournal/article/download/4/3,

An analysis of the personal entrepreneurial competencies of students: implications to

curriculum designing of entrepreneurship program, 2008

https://www.hanken.fi/en/about-hanken/organisation/departments-and-

subjects/department-management-and-organisation/subject-0

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