ATRICIA ACKERT Dich va chu giai : DANG TUAN ANH FACTS and FIGURES AN ESL/EFL READER Basic Reading Comprehension Pe Me MRC ei LY x PHIEN Am TU’ MOI VA DE THI A MAU (3) oe ea NHA XUAT BAN TRE - 1995FACTS AND FIGURES Basic Reading Practice Patricia Ackert Center for English as a Second Language University of Arizona illustrated by Patrica Phelan Eisenberg Prepared by Dang Tuan Anh NEWBURY HOUSE PUBLISHERS, Cambridge A division of Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. New York, Philadeiphiu, San Francisco, Washington London, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Singapore, SydneyLibrary of Congress Cataloging: Ackert. Patricia. Facts and figures. 1, English language ~ ‘Text-books for foreign apeakers. 1 Tle, PR1128.A2975 1986 428.64 BB-15427 ISBN 0-88377-312-0 Cover by MG'T Designs Bookdesign by Christy Rosso NEWBURY HOUSE PUBLISHERS A division of Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. Language Science Language Teaching Language Learning CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS: Copyright © 1986 by Newbury House Publishers, A division of Harper & Row, Publishers, Ine. All rights reserved, No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. . -LOI NOI BAU Qui doc gia than mén, FACTS and FIGURES la loai sich luyén tap kf nang doc hifu (reading com- prehension) danh cho nhimg ngudi cd vén tix cbn han ché (khoang 300 tt chudn bj thi chimg chi A. Sach huéng dan cdc ky nang doc hiéu, tim ¥ chinh (main idea) va sit dung ngit canh (context) dé higu nghia tit mdi. Phan dich va chu giai ky luong sé gitp cac ban ty hoc o6 thé kiém tra cau tra Cae tit mdi duve gidi thidu timg budc mot va lap di lap lai chac ch4n sé giup cdc ban ndm ving. Phan Word Study 6 cudi mai don vi dac biét gitip c4c ban cling of c&u trac van pham. M&n chic quy ban vui hoe tiéng Anh véi tap sich nay dé chudn bj thi ching chi quéc gia ep dd A dat k&t qua tét dep va nhé tim doc cudn tip theo : "CAUSE and EFFECT’ dé luyén thi chimg chi B. Rat hoan nghinh ¥ kién dong gop cia quy dic gia 48 tap sich duye hodn hao hon. Thanh ph Hd Chi Minh, ngay 7 thang 7 nim 1994 PANG TUAN ANHTO THE STUDENT I hope you enjoy this reading book. You will learn a lot of English from it. You can also learn a lot about the world. Patricia AckertCONTENTS To the Instructor Unit I Unit I Unit 1 Unit IV Unit V Animals T 1. The Kiwi 2. The Camel 3. The Polar Bear 4. The Hippopotamus 5. The Dolphin Word Study How ? Why ? 1. Why Are Elevators Important ? 2. Why Is the Sea Salty ? 3. How Can a Plant Kill ? 4. How Can We Have Farms in the Sea ? 5. How Do Deaf People Talk ? Word Study Plants 1. The Date Palm 2. The Water Hyacinth 3. Rice A. Oranges 5. Guayule Word Study Popular Food . Popeorn . Hamburgers . Chewing Gum . Cola Drinks and Ice Cream Cones Sandwiches, Pizza, and Potato Chips Word Study Animals I The Sand Wasp The Arctic Tern The Sloth Locusts. . The Water Spider Word Study one Oe WN 4i 45 49 87 61 69 73 7 85 89 93, 97 100 104 1 115 120 124 133Unit Vi Unit VII Interesting People of the World. 1 The Lapps of Northern Europe 2. The Ainu of Japan 3. The Tasadays of the Philippines 4, The Hopi Indians of Arizona 5. The Maoris of New Zealand Word Study Exploration and Adventure 1. The Polynesians 2. A Giraffe in Central Asia 3. The First Woman on Mount Everest 4 The European Rajaof Sarawak 5. A Walk to the North Pole Word Study Unit VIU Inventions and Inventors 1. The Zipper 2. The Postage Stamp 3. Pencils and Pens 4. The Umbrella 5. The Metric System Word Study Unit IX Unusual Sports ‘Thai Boxing Curling Lacrosse Sumo ‘Tarahumara Foot Races Word Study Aw Ne o Phan dich va chu giai World Map Vocabulary Irregular verbs Sample tests Answers to sample tests 139 143 148 152 157 162 169 173 “7 182 186 197 201 205 210 2144 219 227 232 236 240 248 253 332 354 369TO THE INSTRUCTOR This beginning ESL reader is for students who have studied English for five or six weeks and know about 300 words. It teaches about 500 more words. It aiso teaches the reading skills of comprehension, finding the main idea, and using the context to undertand vocabulary items. It is especially suitable for students who plan to attend a university. An instructor’s manual with answers to al] the exercises is available. The manual also includes an exam for each unit. This text is particularly useful for students coming from another alphabet because the texts are short, most of the sentences are short, and there is constant repetition of vocabulary and structures. Reading Selections. Each of the nine units has a theme such as animals plants, exploration’ or inventions. The beginning lessons have a text. that is about a half page long. The length gradually increases to about a page. The texts in the first unit are purposely easy and cover information the students already know so that with this comparatively easy material, they can get used to the book, the class, and the instructor. Vocabulary, One of the primary taske of beginning students is memorizing vocabulary. The usually use their bilingual dictionaries to make a list of new words with their translations In this book, about ten words are introduced in each lesson. They are in boldface type, Those underlined are illustrated or glossed in the margin. All of the words are used af least five times in the lesson, and then are repeated several more times in later lessons. There is also a context clue exercise at the end of each unit that teaches some of the vocabulary for the following unit. Students should use their dictionaries only for the meaning of words that are not glossed, illustrated, or obvious from the context. Because the words are used in several different sentences, students learn them without tedious memorization and see how they are used in different contexts. They can test themselves on vocabulary at the end of each leason by going through the boldface words. The boldface is also ueeful when the students want to review. Because vocabulary is introduced gradually and then used repeatedly, the lessons should be done in order. Otherwise students will be confronted with too many new vocabulary items in one lesson. The vocabulary is all useful for beginning academic students except for a few words such as kiwi, hyacinth, guayule, and bamboo which are necessary for the text." . viiStructure. The first two units use only the present tense, and the sentences are short. The past tense is introduced in Unit III and the present continuous in Unit V. The only other ténses used are the past continuousand the future with will and going to. Subject, possessive, and reflexive pronouns are used. The book algo inchudes such connectors as and, but, 80, then, because, or, and when. By using these, the text can include longer sentences that are still easy for the students to read. Exercises Vocabulary. The first exercises has sentences taken directly from the text. All new words are included. This is for practice in reading the sentences again and writing the new words . Vocabulary (new context). This exercise gives further practice with the new words in a different context but with the same meaning. ‘Vocabulary Review. Vocabulary items are used in subsequent texts and exercises to give additional review. They are fill-ing or matching synonyms and antonyms. Questions. These comprehension questions are taken directly from the text. They can be done orally in class, and/or the students can write the answers as homework. Those marked with an asterisk are either inference or discussion questions. Comprehension. These are either true/false, true/false/no information, or multiple choice. There are also inference and discussion questions marked with an asterisk. Main Idea. Students must choose the main idea of the text from three possibilities. Word Study. There is a word study section at the end of each unit. It reinforces structural points such as verb forms, pronouns, and comparison of adjectives that the students are learning in other classes. It also gives spelling rules for noun plurals and verbendings. Laver units have charts of word forms. Each unit hasan exercise on context etues using vocabulary items for the following unit. The exercises are not intended tobe complete explanations and practice of the grammar points. The material in this section is included in the quizzes in the instructor’s manual. ‘Teaching Methods I suggest that the instructor read the text aloud as a pronunciation model, explaining vocabulary so that students don't have to use their bilingual dictionaries. viiiANIMALS I Then the class can dothe exercises, with the instructor writing the answerson theboard. For variety, students might do the exercises together in small groups, Then the class as a whole can go over the exercises quickly. Students need to understand the subject matter so they can answer the comprehension and main idea questions, but they should not be required to learn the information. It should be stressed to the studenta that the purpose of this text is to teach reading skills and vocabulary, not information. Otherwise, they will be spending hours memorizing facts that they don’t need te know. Unit V has one question on the main idea at the end of the unit. Students have to match details from the five lessons with the five titles. Lsuggest that they do this together in class, since they have not been required to learn the information in the lessons. ‘The quizzes in the manual test reading skills with a new text related to the ones in the unit. There are comprehension and main idea questions for it. Since students are not required to learn the information, they can go through the book fairly quickly. It is probably necessary to go through the first unit slowly, but after that. 1 suggest that the students doabout one lesson together in class and oneas homework each day. The students can do a lesson together in class. The instructor can then read the next text and assign that lesson for homework. The next day he or she can go over the assignment in class, do another lession, and assign another. Students should read. each text two or three times as homework. At the end of each lesson they should test thernselveson the boldface vocabulary itemsand memozizeany that they haven't learned through use. Of course lessons never come out exactly w fit this schedule, but a class should be able to complete the book in an eight-week program with classes that meet every day, or in asemester program where classes meet less frequently. Students should learn all of the material in the word study sections. It is all basic material that they need to know. The explanations are purposely very simple so that students can understand them: Most instructors will want to give further explanations as they present each part. ‘There isample material for class discussions if the t + t is used in conjunction with aspoken English class. Otherwise, there is no need to dis 1 ss the content of the lessons, except to verify comprehension. ‘There are notimed readings. Students should he allowed to read at their own speed so that they have time to notice everything they possibly can about the English languageQuizzes There is ashort quiz for Lessons 1 and 2 so that the instructor can test the students during the first week of classes. This quiz includes questions on the lessons on the kiwi and the camel. All the other quizzes are unit tests. They include a vocabulary question like the first two exercises in the lessons. There is a short reading passage with comprehension and main idea questions. There arealso questions on the material in the Word Study sections. Each quiz has 25 to 40 questions. The students should be able to do the quizzes in about 18 to 20 minutes, allowing a half minute for each item.Unit ANIMALS ITHE KIWI aw The kiwi lives only in New Zealand. It isa very strange bird because it cannot fly. The kiwi is the same size as a chicken. It has no wingsor tail, It does not have any feathers like other birds. It has hair on its body. Each foot has four toes. Its bealk (mouth) ie very long. Akiwi likes a lot of trees around it. It sleeps during the day because the sunlight hurts its eyes. It can smell things with its nose. It is the only bird in the world that can smell things. The kiwi'seggs are very big. There are only a few kiwis in New Zealand now. People never see them. The government says that people cannot kiwis. New Zealanders want their kiwis to live. There is a picture of a kiwi'on New Zealand money. People from New Zealand. are sometimes called kiwis. \y osFACTS AND FIGURES AVocabulary Put the right word in the blanks. The sentences are from the text. government smell during Kiwi kill size fly only wings chicken, beak tail strange hurts feathers body 1. It sleeps the day because the sunlight its eyes. 2. Itisavery bird because it cannot 3. The says that people cannot kill kiwis. 4. Itcan things with its nose. & Ithasno or . 6. The lives in NewZealand. 7. It does not have any like other birds. & Its (mouth) is very long. 9. The kiwi is the same asa chicken. B. Vocabulary (new context) Put the right word in the blanks. These are new sentences for the same words. A person has.a mouth. A bird hasa during pictures kiwi only size smells wings hair hurts strange tail feathers trees government — fly beak 1. The and a few other birds cannot fly. 2. Abluebird has blue 3. Some students have a scholarship from their 4. Anairplanecan ____ because it has &. What are you cooking? It can't walkon it. 6. My leg Tean’t walk on it. 7. Most cats have a tong 8 9. but they don’t come to class. Some students are very They want to learn EnglishANIMALS [ 10. cannot Buy this shirt. have three dollars. 11. Whar shoes do you wear? 12, Mest people work the day and sleep at night. C. Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. Where does the kiwi live ? , What isa kiwi ? How big is. a kiwi ? Does a kiwi have feathers ? Does it havea tail and wings ? How many toes does it have ? When does a kiwi sleep ? Can most birds smell ? Why can’t people kill kiwis ? . Why does the New Zealand government have a picture of a kiwi on its money? Seer Pane wnpe + 3 D. Comprehension: True/False Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it isnot true. The asterisk (*} means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. Kiwis live in Australia and New Zealand. 2. A kiwi has a tail but no wings. 3. Akiwi has a big beak. 4, It sleeps during the day because light hurts its eyes. 45. You can see a kiwi in some zoos. 6. The New Zealand government does not want all the kiwis to die. 7. Akiwi is like most other birds. E. Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. The kiwi is a strange New Zealand bird 2. ‘The kiwi sleeps during the day and has no tail or wings - 3. New Zealanders like kiwisTHE CAMEL 1B The camel can go without water for a long time. Some people think it stores water in its hump. This is net true. It stores food in its hump. The camel's body changes the food into fat. Then it stores the fat in its hump. It cannot store the fat all over its body. Fat all over an animal's body keeps the animal warm. Camels live in the desert. They do not want to be warm during the day. The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter during the day, It stores this heat in its body because the nights are cool. The Arabian came] has one hump. The Bactrian camel of Central Asia has two humps. It aleo has long thick hair because the winters are cold in Central Asia. ‘There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long eyelashes. The sand cannot go into the camel’ eyes. Arabic has about 150 words to describe a camel. Arabs need all these words because the camel is very important to them. noun for hot a fie cotd too above = more or less { describe = tell aboutANIMALS I A.Vopabulary Put the right word in the blanks. The sentences are from the text. (a RN 23 allover during eyelashes hump also cool thick desert stores camel describe winters sand about fat heat Arabic has 150 words to a camel. The : can go without water for along time. The camel has long Some people think it water in its Camels live in : It has long air because the winters are cold in Central Asia. Tt cannot: store the fat its body. Tt stores this in its body because the nights are B. Vocabulary (new context) Put the right word in the blanks. These are new sentences for the same words. be NOMA ES also winters about hotter camels cool heat desert during food allover describe hump eyelashes thick store We milk, fruit, and vegetables in the reffigerator. Fall is in Canada. Winter is cold. Winter is cold in the Seviet Union. Can you anelephant? What does it look like? There are different animals the world. Some camels have one _____ and some have two. Some people have long on their eyes. It does not rain very much in theFACTS AND FIGURES 8. Mark’s engineering textbook is very It has more than 1000 pages 9. We cook food with from a stove. 10. Not many Arabs ride on . Now they use cars. L CG 1. Tomis 25 years old. Maybe he is 24 or 27. Questions Where do camels live? . What does a camel store in its hump? . ‘Phe camel doesn’t store fat all over its body. Why? . Why does it store heat during the day? Which camel! has one hump? Which has two? . Why does a Bactrian camel have long thick hair? . Why does camel need long eyelashes? 8. Why does Arabic have 150 words to describe a camel? NEnkhwepe D. Comprehension Put 1 t a circle around the letter of the best answer. ‘The camel can go without for a long time. a. food e. fat b. water d. heat It stores in its hump. a. water c. food b. heat 4. hair The camel has one hump. a. Arabian b. Bactrian. Long keep sand out of the camel’s eyes. a. thick hair c. eyelashea b. humps d. earsANIMALS 1 5. . The Bactrian came] has long thick hair because . a. it lives in a hot desert c. winters are cold in Central Asia b. it stores fat in ita hump d. the sand gets in its eyes E. Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. There are two kinds of camels 2. ‘The camel has a good body for life in the desert. 3. The camel stores food in its hump.THE POLAR BEAR 20 The polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. There are no polar bears at the South Pole. * The polar bear lives in the smow and ice. At the North Pole there is only snow, ice, and water. ‘There isnot any land. You cannot see the polar bear in the snow because its coat is yellow-white. It has avery wari coat because the weather iscold north of the Arctic Cirele. . Thia bear is 3 meters long and it weights 450 kilos. It can stand up on its back legs because it has very wide feet. It can use its front legs like arms. ‘The polar bear can swim very well. It can swim 120 kilometers out into the water. It catches fish and sea animais for food. It goes into the sea when it is afraid. People like to kill the polar bear for its beautiful white coat. The governments of Canada, the United States, and the Soviet Union say that no one c.” bill polar bears now. They do not want all of these beautiful animals to die.ANIMALS | ep ON ee ae A.Vocabulary Put the right word in the sentences. The sentences are from the text. polar South North warm kilos catches land weighs wide ea afraid inside bear = snow swim ice The polar bear lives in the and ‘The polar is a very big white bear. It goes into the sea when it is : Ithasa very coat because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle. There are no polar bears at the Pole. The polar bear can very weil. We call it the polar Lear because it lives inside the Arctic Cirele near the Pole, It fish and sea animals for food. This bear is 3 meters long, and it 450 kilos. It can stand up on ite back legs because it has very feet. B. Vocabulary (new context) Put the right word in the blanks. These are new sentences for the same words. PNA Of ww Ny pe swim afraid North South warm = weigh ~—sivce wide snow coat. bears catch There are brown and black in North America. How much do you ? Fifty kilos? ‘Winter is cold. Spring is Fall is cool Sometimes children are of animals. Do you like to in aswimming pool? Italy is of France. “There is all over Canada in the winter. Do you want some in your Coke?FACTS AND FIGURES 9. The Sahara Desert is in Africa. 10. Tenth Street isa street. A lot of cars can goon it at the same time. 1L. Can you the ball? C. Voeabulary Review Put C before the words about camels. Put K before the words about kiwis. Some of the words are not about camels or kiwis. stores heat in its body eyelashes hump beak tail desert big eggs wing goes without water hair on ite body long thick hair feather D. Questions. The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. . Why do we call this bear the polar bear? Why can’t people see the polar bear very well? Why does it havea warm coat ? How much does it weigh ? What does it eat ? Where does it go when it is afraid ? . Why do people like to kill the polar bear? . What do the governments of the Soviet Union, the United States and Canada say? “9. Can a polar bear live near New Zealand? *10. Why doesn’t a polar bear eat fruit or vegetables? SAenadkwonye §. Comprehension 1. The polar bear lives . a at the South Pole c. near the North Pole b. in warm countries d.on land 12ANIMALS I 2. At the North Pole there is no : a. ice ¢. snow b. water d.land 3. You cannot see the polar bear in the snow because a. it has a yellow-white coat ¢. it can run very fast b. it goes under the snow d. it goes into the water 4. The polar bear for food. a. catches land animals ¢. catches sea animals and fish b. looks for trees d. looks for fruit and vegetables §. When the polar bear is afraid, it . a. goes into the sea ¢. runs away b. goes under the snow d. stands up on its wide feet 6. The governments of the Soviet Union, Canada, and the United States say that a. the polar bear is beautiful ©. ne one can kill the polar bear b. it has a warm coat d. it cannot live near the North Pole F. Main Idea 1. People like to kill polar bears because they have beautiful warm yellow-white coats. 2. Polar bears live inside the Arctic Circle in the snow and ice. 3. Polar bears live inside the Arctic Circle, eat fish and sea animals, and have warm yellow-white coats. 13THE HIPPOPOTAMUS The hippopotamus lives in the hot part of Africa. It isa mammal. that is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother’s body. ‘The hippopotamusisa large animal. It weighs 5 four tons. Its stomach is 7 meters long, but the hippopotamuseats only plants. It is amammalbut it spends a lot of time in the water. During the day it sleeps beside a river or a jake. Sometimes it wakes up. then it gpes under the 10 water to get someplants for food. It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes. Its ars, eyes, and nose are high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the water andonlyitsears, eyes, and nose above the water. Then it can 15 breathe the air. Atnight the hippo walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water. A baby hippo often stands on its mother’s back. The mother looks for food underwater. The 20 baby rides on her back above water. 14 big at the side of 42h overANIMALS I A. Vocabulary stomach _ stay beside mammal breathe > lake plants spends above alive large high 1. The hippopotamus is a animal. 2. During the day it sleeps ariverora 3. Itisa 4. Its is 7 meters long, but the hippopotamus eats only 5. It can close its nose and under water for 10 minutes. 6. Itcan atay with its body under water and only its ears, eyes, and nose the water. 7. Then it can the air. 8. Itisa mammal, but it a lot of time in the water. 9. Its eyes, ears and nose are up on its head. B. Vocabulary (new context) Ny aan won 10. beside Lake mammal stomach plants stays breathe nose large above — spend high The camel isa but the kiwi isa bird. Food goes from your mouth into your : How do you smell a beautiful flower? You in with your nose. Camels eat . Polar bears and kiwis eat meat. I want to talk to you. Please sit me. Tom likes to his free time in the Student Union. He there a few hours every day. , Birds can fly the trees. . Geneva is a beautiful lake in Switzerland. The polar bear is a animal. It is very big. New York has a lot of buildings. 16FACTS AND FIGURES. C. Vocabulary Review Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. L Canyou a polar bear? What does it look like? a hurt c. catch b. describe @. store ‘2. Many birds fly in the winter to a warmer place. a. north c. south b. wing d. wide 3. These birds fy in the summer to a cooler place. a north ¢. south b. wing d. wide 4. Roses beautiful a. swim c. smell b. cateh d. hurt 5. The kiwiisa bird. a strange ¢. hurt b. warm d. wide 6. My hand -lean’t write. a. flies c. smells b. catches d_ hurts D. Questions 1. Where does the hippopotamus live? *2. Isakiwiamammal? 3. How long is a hippo’s stomach? . Does a hippo eat meat? Why does a hippo go under water? How can it stay under water for 10 minutes? *7, Can it breath under water? Why? 8. What does it do at night? 9. Where does a baby hippo ride? *10. Isabear a mammal? oon 16ANIMALS | E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information Put T if the sentence is true. Put F if it is false. Put NI if there is no information about the sentence. ; . Hippo babies are born alive. . Birds and hippos eat plants. . Hippos live under water A hippo can close its eyes A hippo breathes under water. . A hippo looks for food on the land during the day. A hippo has long eyelashes to keep water out of its'eyes. Neo oenve F. Main Idea 1. The hippopotamus is a large African animal that spends a jot of time in the water and eats plants. 2. The hippopotamus has eyes, ears, and nose high up on its head. 3. The hippopotamus walkson the land at night, and it eats and sleeps during the day 17THE DOLPHIN Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can’t talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feeling with sounds. . Dolphins travel in a group. We cail a group of fish a "school’. Dolphins don’t study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school. Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they 10 are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome” when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play. They make a few sounds above water. ‘They make many more sounds underwater. People cannot. hear these sounds because they are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them. Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium. (An aquarium is a 200 for fish). People can watch the dolphins is a show. Dolphins don't 20 like to be away from their school in an aquarium. ‘They are sad and lonely. There are many stories about dolphins. Dolphins help people. Sometimes they save somebody's life. Dolphing meat is good, but people don’t like to kill gs dolphins. People say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people beHeve this. a a 18ANIMALS | A. Vocabulary together mammals travel _ believe dolphins lonely group aquarium save show sounds scientists Dolphins ina Beeyanawne Sometimes they somebody’ life Cantal? Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large ‘They are sad and . They their feelings with sounds. make tapes of their sounds and study them. Many people this. Dolphins don't study but they travel Maybe they can’t talk with words, but they talk with B. Vocabulary (new context) we NOMaw 8. lonely dolphins together ~—ssave sounds believe scientists aquarium show travel feelings group The isa mammal but it lives in the sea. Many students at a large university feel They don't have many friends. Do you like to to different countries? Please me your composition. Children like to play in the snow. There isa of Omani students in our class. Is it true? Do you it? stddy animais and many other things. 9. There are many interesting fish and sea animals at an 10. You must. your money. Don’t spend it on a new car. LL. It is difficult to pronounce some English 19FACTS AND FIGURES C. Vocabulary Review Put these words under the right titles. Some words go under more than one title. 1. Parts ofan Animal's Body —_2. Parts of a Person’s Body eyelashes hump wing _ feather tail beak nose arm leg stomach hand eyes D, Questions 1. Can dolphins talk? 2. What is a school of dolphins? 3. What do dolphins talk about? 4. When do they say "Welcome"? 5. Do they make more sounds above or underwater? 6. Can people hear dolphins sounds? Why? 7. How does a dolphin feel inan aquarium? *§, Do dolphins bring good luck? *9, Dolphins are not fish. What is the difference between dolphins and fish? E. Comprehension 1. Delphins talk with . a. words ¢. sounds b. their hands d. music Dolphins talk when they : a. play ©. show bv. listen a. kill 3. They make more sounds . a. above water ¢. for tapes b. underwater d. in school 4. Scientists study of dolphins. a. shows, ¢. aquariums b. schoois 4. tapes 20ANIMALS | Dolphins like to be . a. at an aquarium ¢. lonely b. in their school . d.on tapes 6. What sentence is not true? a, Adolphin can save a person's life. b. Peopie like to watch dolphins. ¢. Dolphins always bring good luck. d. A dolphins can talk with sounds, F. Main Idea 1. Dolphins use words to show how they feel and to give information, 2. Dolphins travel together and talk with sounds. 3. Dolphins live in the sea and in aquariums. 4. The dolphins is a mammal, and ecientists can tape it. 21¥ACTS AND FIGURES WORD STUDY A. Possessive Pronouns These pronouns show that something belongs to somebody. Example: My car is new. ‘Their hair is thick. singular plural I- my we = our you~" your you + your she- her they - their he - his it - its Put the-sight pronoun in the blanks. 1. The camel stores food in hump. 2 Maria likes classes this year. 3. Luse dictionary every day. 4. Polar bears use front legs like arms. 5. Doyou have caagette tapes with you? & Scientists listen to tapes. 7. Carlos and his family swim in pool every day 8 David drives car to class. 9. We gv to the university on bicycles. 10. Ababy hippo rides on mother’s back. B. Verbs - Present Tense Put an 6 on the simple verh for the present tense. Do not put ans with I, you, we or they 39 adolphin plays 1 play agirl plays you play aman plays we play she plays they play he plays it playsANIMALS 1 C. Spelling 1. When a simple verb ends in y with a consonant before it, change the y to iand add —es. fly — flies study — studies When a simple verb ends in y with a vowel before it, add -s. play - plays say - says When a simple verb ends in 8, ch, sh, x, or z, add -es. catch — catches finish - finishes Irregular g0- goes do - does have —has be - am, is, are Change each sentence and make a new one. Use the word in parentheses. You must change some pronouns too. Example: (1) They study every day. I study every day. ta polar bear) 1. We catch fish and eat them. (they? 2. Mike usually flies home. 08) 3. Betty has a beautiful plant in her living room. (peoples 4. David likes dolphin shows. twe) 5. They travel only in the summer. sa dolphin} 6 You play in the water. (they 7. We go swimming in a lake in summer. ‘Tom) 8. [usually finish my work early. (a mammal) 9. People are born alive. (Ann and Bill) 10. Ali does his homework in the afternoon. D. Comparisons Sometimes we compere two things. We tell how they are different. Add -er to short words (words with only one syllable} to compare two things, Use than, Example: A camel is big. A polar bear is bigger than a camel. Carlos is twenty years old. David is eighteen. Carlos is older than David. 23FACTS AND FIGURES Spelling: When a word has one syllable with one vowel in the middle and one consonant at the end, double the consonant and add -er. this is the one-one-one 1-1-1) rule. Example: big bigger hot— hotter Put the right comparison form in the sentence. tstrange) 1. A kiwiis a bluebird. thick) 2. A Bactrian camel's hair is an Arabian camel's hair thot) 3. Oman is Switzerland (warm) 4. Italyis France (larger 5. Saudi Arabia is Kuwait ital 6. Marie is Masako. (fat? 7. Johnis than Robert. (young) 8. My sister is my brother. tcoldt 9. Ice is water. (small) 10. A dolphin is 4 polar bear. E. Context Clues Sometimes you can understand a new word from the other words in the sentence. Read each sentence. Then choose the meaning of thenew word. Do notuse your dictionary. These are new words for the next unit. 1. Acat can climb a tree. A came! cannot. a.ait under ¢. walk near b. go up d. fly into 2 Fish live in lakes, rivers, and oceans. a. seas c. trees 6. north d. south 3. Queen Elizabeth IL is a very famous woman, a. everyone likes her b. everyone studies about her in English class ©. everyone knows about her d_ everyone talks to her 24ANIMALS 1 10. ral 12, It is easy to make a salad. Mix some lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumber. a. put together ¢, take out of the refrigerator b. eat d. buy Indonesia, the Philippines, Senegal, and Cuba are in the tropics. a. hot, dry countries c. cold, wet countries b. cold, dry countries . hot, wet countries. Pau! enjoys sports. He plays soccer and basketball. He watches sports on television. a. jooks at c. plays » likes a. watches A Ping-Pong ball is small. A basketball is large. a.old new b. little a. big A polar bear runs toward the sea when it is afraid a. from cto bin dof Mrs. Mora feeds her birds every day. a, washes ©. saves: b. breathes d. gives food to Both Isamu and Kumiko are from Japan a, the two of them c. the five of them b. not any d. all of them. This isa difficult problem: 7,958,395 — 9687. a not easy ©. easy b. thick . cool Mr. Baker is 75 years old so he can’t play baseball. a. He likes to play baseball ¢. He plays baseball every day. b. He doesn’t want to play baseball. d. He can’t play baseball because he is 75 years old. 25FACTS AND FIGURES 13 Mr. Baker is 75. He can’t hear sounds very well. He is dent. a. can't see c. can’t hear b. can’t walk d. can’t run 14. Tom wants a whole sandwich. I want only half ofa sandwich. a. all of it c. some of it b, part of it 0.1/4 of it 26nit U I ? WHY? HOWWHY ARE ELEVATORS IMPORTANT? An elevator is wonderful. It is really only a small room. Rooms usually stay in one place. Elevators travel up and down all day long. Sometimes a worker stands in the elevator. o He or she runs it wp and down. In modern elevators there is no worker. The people walk in. ‘They know what floors they want. They push a button and the elevator goes to that floor. It is all very fast and easy. 10 Elevators are very important to us. Why? Think about a tall building. Maybe it has twenty floors. Maybe it has fifty or more. Who can walk up all those stairs? Maybe people can climb them one time. Can somegne climb thirty floors 15 to an office every day? Can small children walk up to their apartments on the twenty-fourth floor? Can their mother and father carry food up all those stairs? Of course not. ‘We can have high buildings because we have 20 elevators. We could not have all the beautiful tall buildingsin the world withoutelevators. They are really wonderful. 29FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary worker stairs apartment elevator button wonderful modern carry really climb office could 1. Whocan walk up all those 2 2 An is . 3. Can their mother and father food up all those stairs? 4. Itis only a small room. 5. Maybe people can them one time. 6. They pusha and the elevator goes to that floor. 7. In elevators there is no worker. 8. We not have all the beautiful tall buildings in the world without elevators. B. Vocabulary (new context) stairs modern could elevator really _ floor worker climb MAN ewe 2m buttons wonderful carry push ‘Tokyo has alot of high buildings. It isa : city. You usually breathe hard when you walk up a lot of A group of people can ride together in an Abus can a lot of people at one time. Dolphins cannot talk. They use sounds, not words. Modern telephones have the numbers on Cats like to. trees. Children think that a zoo isa place to visit. you please help me for a minute? C. Vocabulary Review 30 breathe describe beside sound group together —_ believe save scientists show aquarium lonely during store all over coolerHOW? WHY? 1. Can you an aquarium? Tell me about one. 2. Some teach at universities and some work in laboratories. 3 There are two small tables the sofa. 4. There are beautiful plants the park. 5. Don’t walk to class every day. Buy a bicycle. You can time. 6. Idon’t you. Itisn’t true. 7. Keiko is . She wants to see her friends and family. 8. Maria and Tonh usually study : 9. An is an interesting place to visit. 10. Itis under a tree than in the sun. D. Questions 1. What is an elevator reaily? 2. How isan elevator different from other rooms? 3. Does a worker run a modern elevator? 4. How-do people make an elevator go up and down? 5. Can people walk up twenty or forty floorsevery day? 6. Whycan we have high building? E. Comprehension 1, An elevator isa small a. room ©. stairs b. building d. button, 2. Inmodernelevatorsthereisno a. button c. worker b. light d. travel 3. An elevator travels a, inside and outside ¢. under and above b. in and out d. upand down, 31FACTS AND FIGURES 4. People climb thirty floors every day. a.liketo ” ©. can b. cannot d. want to 5 We have because we have elevators. ' a. high buildings c. old buses b. new cars a. wide streets F. Main Idea 1. People cannot climba lot of floors ina tall building 2. We can have high buildings because we have elevators. 3. Anelevator isa small room.20 WHY IS THE SEA SALTY? There is a lot of salt on the earth, and it mixes very well with water. There is some salt in all water. Water on the land runs into lakes and rivers. These rivers run into the seas and oceans. They carry a little salt with them. Some of the ocean water moves into the air and clouds. It evaporates. Salt cannot evaporate. It stays in the ocean. ‘Phe water in the oceans has more salt than river water, Ocean water is about $-1/2% (three anda half percent) salt. Some seas have more salt than others. Some lakes do not have a river to carry the water and salt away. Some of the water leaves the lakes. It evaporates, but the salt cannot. These lakes are very salty. There are two famous lakes like this. They are the Dead Seain the Middle East and Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah in the United States. They are much saltier than the At- lantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. goes away from 33FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary evaporates salt leaves percent stays moves clouds — land oceans - earth mixes famous 1. Ocean water is about three and a half salt. 2. There is alot of on the and it very well with the water. 3. Some of the water the lakes. 4. There are two lakes like this. 5. These rivers run into the seas and : 6. into the air and Some of the ocean water 7 |e B. Vocabulary (new context) evaporates earth percent ocean salt state earth mix clouds others water famous moves, river leave 1. Two of the students have to the class early. 2 The ie round. It around the sun. 3. Most people put. on their food. 4. Muhammad Ali wasa boxer. 5. Some people put sugar in their coffee. Then they it with a spoon. ‘ 6. Some of the water in a swimming pool v. The Pactic is bigger than the Atlantic Ocean. 8. There are beautiful white in the sky today 9, Righty of the class are men. 34HOW? WHY? C. Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong with the other two. Example: red, book, blue 200, aquarium, university lake, enow, ice. elevator, stairs, car together, modern, new polar bear, dolphin, kiwi carry, climb, walk up cool, warm, thick scientist, teacher, saltier PIE AReNe D. Questions 1. What does salt mix well with? 2. Is there salt. in lakes and rivers? 3. Where does river water go? 4. Where does some of the ocean water go? 5. Where does the salt in the ocean go? 6. Which has more salt, rivers or oceans? 7. Why are some lakes very salty? 8. Name two famous salty lakes. 9. What is Utah? Where is it? 10. Which is saltier, the Atlantic Ocean or the Dead Sea? *11. Are there fish in the Dead Sea? E. Comprehension: True/False 1, Salt mixes with water. *2. Clouds have salt in them. 3. Water on the land moves into lakes and rivers. 4. There is salt in rivers. 5. Rivers have more salt than oceans. 6. Salt evaporates. 7. Ocean water is about 2-1/4% salt. *8. Water leaves some lakes only in rivers. 9, Great Salt Lake is in the United States. gaFACTS AND FIGURES. F. Main Idea 1. The sea is salty because water evaporates and salt doesn’t. 2. The sea is salty because rivers run into oceans. 3. Water moves from the land to rivers to oceans to clouds and to the land again 36.HOW CAN A PLANT KILL? an People kill. Animals kill. Animals and people kill for food or they kill their enemies. People and animale can move around and find something to kil. They can run away from an enemy. They can Kill it if it is necessary. Many Ikinds of animals eat plants. The plants cannot run away from their enemies. Some plants make poison. If an animal eats part of the plant, it gets sick or dies. Animals learn to stay away from these plants. There are many kinds of plants that make poison. Most of them grow in the desert or in the tropics, Today farmers use many kinds of poison on. their farms. Most of these poisons come from petroleum, but petroleum is expensive. Scientists collect poisonous plants and study them. Maybe farmers can use cheap poison from planta instead of expensive poison from petroleum. chemies # friends hot, wet countnes custs a tot cheap # expensiveFACTS AND FIGURES: A. Vocabulary kill tropics farmers _ instead of enemios scientists poison cheap plant if grow farms kinds = rumaway — collect expensive Many of animals eat plants. * epee 2 Animals and people kill for food or they kill their Today tuse many kinds of poison on their Scientists poisonous plants and study them. Some plants make ‘Maybe farmers can use poison from plants expensive poison from petroleum. Moat of them in the desert or in the They can kill it it is necessary. Moat of these poisons come from petroleum, but petroleum is B. Vocabulary (new context) rp 38 NORE ON expensive tropics petroleum grow cheap acientist collect if insteadof = farm kind kin most farmers poison. enemies David’s family has a big . His family are — A Mercedes Benz isan __* car. Please come to the Student Union at 12:00 you can. Malaysia, Togo, and Nigeria are in the . Please write the answerson paper in the book. Ali, please all the students’ papers. Some things we use in the garden are . We must keep them away from children. People are the only of polar bears.How? WHY? 9. What of car do you have? 10. “ clothes are not usually very good. 11. Children very fast. They need new clothes every few months. C. Vocabulary Review . Find a word or words in Column B that mean the same as a word in Column A Write the letter and word from Column B beside the word from Column A. The first one is done for you. d. world 1. earth a. go 2. ocean b % 9. large c. new 4. climb d. world 5. percent @ goup 6. together f. take air into the body 7. warm g alittle hot 8. coal h. sea 9. leave i. button 10. modern jh big 11. breathe k. lonely L alittle cold m. ina group D. Questions 1. Why do people and animals kill? 2. Can plants run away from an enemy? 3. What do some plants make? 4, What happens to an animal that ests this poison? 5. What do animals learn about these plants? 6. Where do most poisonous plants grow? *7. Why do farmers use poison on their farm? 8. Where do moat poisons com from? 9. Why do scientists collect and study poisonous planta? a9FACTS. AND) FIGURES: E. Comprehension. 1. Animals and people kill their . a. poisons ©. plan b. enemies 4. farmers 2. cannot move around. a. Plants ¢. Farmers b. Aninais 4. Scientists 3. An animal if it eats a poisonous plant. a, gets sick or dies c. Moves aroun. b. runs away d. studies the poison 4, Most poisonous plants grow in the desert or in the a. farms c. Arctic Circie b. tropics d laboratories 5. use many kinds of poisons. a Scientists c. Farmers b. Workers d. Animals: 6. Most of these poisons come from a. plants c. petroleum b. deserts d. the tropics: 7. Scientists poisonous plants. a use c. buy b. run away from d collect 8 Poison from plants is shan poison from petroleum, a. cheaper c. more expensive b, more afraid d. cooler F. Main Idea 1. Some plants make poisons, and maybe farmers can use them. 2. Plants make poison because they cannot run away from their enemies. 3. Scientists study poisonous plants because farmers want to use them. mnHOW CAN WE HAVE FARMS IN THE SEA? Farmers grow plants and animals on their farms. Isit also possible to havea farm in the sea’? People in many countries grow fresh water nat salty fish from eggs. They move the small fish into lakes and rivers. The fish live and grow there. People go fishing in these lakes and rivers. They enjoy like catching fish. Fish is also good food. Now Japan grows salt water fish. Most of them are yellowtail fish Workers grow the fish . 10 from eggs. Every time they feed the fish, they play _ give fond to tapes of piano music. The fish learn that piano music means food When the fish are small, the Japanese put tile them in theacean near the land. The fish findsome 15 of their own food. Workers also feed them. They play the same piano music. The fish already know this music. They swim toward itand find the food. lo Ina few months the fish are large. The Japanese play the same music. The fish swim toward it and 20 the workers catch thenr The Japanese get about 15 percent of their seafood from farms in the ovean an 41FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary No oe co pe music Piano fresh possible seafood: small toward lakes already own food enjoy When the fish are , the Japanese put them in the ocean near the land. Is it also to havea farm in the sea? ‘The fish know this music. They swim. it. People in many countries grow water fish from eggs. They. catching fish. Every time they the fish, they play tapes of _ The fish find some of their food. B. Vocabulary (new context) DOIN AAnmene 42 feed small possible toward near fresh music own enjoy swim already piano The Honda isa car, | We cannot drink sea water. Wedrink water. You know a lot of English words. Rivers rn the sea, Isit to travel to the moon? Do you snow and cold weather? Can you play the ? Do you enjoy listening to 7 Babies cannot cook their own food. We have to them. ‘Do you ride to class with a friend or do you have your car?HOW? WHY? C. Vocabulary Review . Match each word in Column A with its opposite word in Column B, Write the letter and word from Column B next,to the word in Column A. The first answer is done for you. Column A Column B 1 coop a. white 2. black “b. true 3. north c. modern 4. cannot d. warm 5. travel e. stay home 6. false f. cloud 7. old g. save 8. leave h. mix 9. spend i. south 10. under. je stay kK can 1 above D, Questions 10. “LL #12, 1. Is it possible to have a farm in the ocean? 2. Why do people grow fresh water fish? 3. What country grows salt water fish? 4, What do the Japanese do when they feed the fish? 5. 6 7 8 9. What do the fish learn? When do the workers put the fish in the ocean? When do the workers play the same piano music? Why do the fish swim toward this music? . Why do the workers play music when the fish are large? How much food does Japan get from fish farms in the ocean? Do these fish like piano music? Why? Why are fish farms inportant to the world? 43FACTS AND FIGURES E. Comprehension : True/False 1. People can grow fresh water and salt water fish. 2. The Japanese move the fish into the sea when they are large. 3. Piano music means food to most people. +4. Fish and birds grow from eggs. 5. All fish think that piano music means food 6. The Japanese use piano music to catch fish. 7. Fish on ocean farms find some of their own food 8. The Japanese grow about 5 percent of their salt water fish on farms F. Main Idea 1. The Japanese use piano music on their salt water farms. 2. Et is possible to grow fresh water fish and salt water fish on farms. 3. The Japanese get about 15 percent of their seafood from farms 4HOW DO DEAF PEOPLE TALK? Deaf people cannot hear sounds. How do they "hear" words and talk? Deaf people use American Sign Language (ASL). They talk with their hands. Sometimes two deaf people talk to each other. They both use ASL. Sometimes a person who can hear interprets for deaf people. The person listens tosomeone talking. und then he or she makes hand signs. There aretwo kindsofsign language. One kind has asign for every letter wn the alphabet. The per- son spells every word. This is finger spelling. The other kind has a sign for every word. There are about 5,000 of these signs. They are signs for verbs, things and ideas. ‘Some of the signs are very easy, for example, eat, milk, and house. You can see what they mean. Others are more difficult, for example. star, egg, or week People from any country can fearn ASL. They use signs, not words, s0 they can understand people from other countries. ASLisalmostl a dance. The whole body talks. American Sign Language is a beautiful lan- guage. two of them alt of it ahFACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary ideas deaf” difficult star each other example interpreta both 80 whole sign dance 1. Others are more ; for example, 188, or week. . 2. Sometimes two deaf people tall to 3. They use ASL. 4. people cannot hear sounds. 5. ASL is almost like a . 6. The body talks. 7. Sometimes a person who can hear for deaf people. 8. They use signs, not words, they can understand people from other countries. 9. Deaf people use American Language. 10. They are signs for verbs, things, and . B. Vocabulary (new context) difficult so finger dance deaf each other idea etars sign interprets both whole 1. Theclass wants to have a party. This is a good 2. Mary cannot hear anything. She is : 3. Ali works for the government. He Arabic and English. 4. Alarge says "No Smoking”. 5. Massako and Carlos speak English to 6. Nadia and David study engineering 7. You cannot see the in the sky during the daytime. 8. Japanese isa language. Englich is easy. 9 Itislate we cannot study any more. 10. The class is here today. Everyone is here. Ll. There isa for foreign students on Saturday.HOW? WHY? C. Vocabulary Review evaporates famous clouds enemies kind expensive if cheaper poison colect tropics instead of possible music already enjoy 1. There are alot of in-the sky today. It is cloudy. 2. Dogs and catsare : 3. Michael Jackson isa ainger. 4. The weather is hot and wet in the & Doyou movies? 6. What of bicycle do you have ? 7. Please tell me T talk too fast. 8. Water into the air. 9. tis 8:58 and the students are in their seats for their nine o'clock class. 10. Are apartments or cheap in your city? HL. Abicycleis than acar. 2. Some students listen to when they study. D. Questions 1. How do deaf poople "talk? 2. How does a person interpret for deaf people? *3. How many signs are there for finger spelling? 4. How many word signs are there? 5. Why are some signs easy? 6. Why can people from different countries talk to each other with ASL? 7. Why is ASL almost like a dance? *8. Why is ASL a beautiful language? 47FACTS AND FIGURES E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information Deaf people cannot hear sounds Aperson who interprets for deaf people cannot hear There are more signs for words than for letters. Japanese use ASL. Finger spelling has signs for numbers. Africans cannot learn ASL because they don’t speak English. Only the hands move in ASL. . Itis difficult for children toiearn ASL. NAA RONP 90 F. Main Idea 1. ASL helps deaf people talk, but it is difficult to learn. 2. There are two kinds of sign language. 4. ASL is a beautiful language that helps deaf people talk to others. 48HOW? WHY? WORD STUDY A. Questions: Present Tense be : Put be before the complete subject subject verb Example: Fish are animals. Are fish animale? other verbs: Put. do/does at the beginning of the sentence. Use the simple verb subject verb Example. Workers move the fish into the sea. Do workers move the fish into the sea? Aworker moves the fish. Does a worker move the fish? Change each sentence to a question. A large house is expensive Bill does his homework in the afternoon. Rivers run toward the ocean People drink fresh water Mary is a good tennis player. Helen feeds her cat every morning. David has his own car. An elevator goes up and down. Kiwis are strange birds. 10. 1am lave. CeErnupwnye B. There is/there are Use There is before a singular noun, Then use it. Example: There is an elevator in our apartment building. It is near the stairs. 4gFACTS AND FIGURES Use There are before a plural noun. Then use They. Example ‘There are farms in the sea. They are in Japan. Look at the noun after the blank. then write There is or There are in the first blank. Write it or they in the second blank. 1 akiwi in our zoo. sleeps during the day. 2 two black bears also. come from Canada. 3. a chair beside the window. is blue. 4 wonderful mountains in India. are in the north. 5 buttons in the elevator. have lights inside them. 6. a famous park in New York. has alot of big trees. 7. some beautiful birds in the zoo. come from the tropics. 8. asmall piano in the hall. is for the student program tonight. C.-er =a person Ezample: Mr. Brown is a teacher. He teaches English. Add - er to each word. Then put the new words in the blanks. Use the plural if it is necessary. play work farm box interpret speak listen —sing 1. Keilo isan . She speaks both Japanese and English. 2. Mr.and Mrs. Clark are . They have a large cotton farm. 3. Sarah Green isa wonderful . She sings in Europe and North America, 50HOW? WHY? 4. There are seven Arabic in the class. 5. Bill is nota good - He talks all the time and doesn’t listen. 6 Abdullah is a very good soccer D. Compound Words Acompound word is two words together. They make one word. The meaning is like the meaning of the two words. Example: sun + light = sunlight (light from the sun) Put the right words in the blanks. summertime seafood daytime yellowtail sunlight underline stoplight ~—_ bedroom 1. Mary likes fish and other . She doesn’t eat very much meat. 2. Read each sentence. Put a citcle around the subject. the verb. 3. Moat people work during the night. 4, Becareful when you drive. Ifthe 5. People eat in the dining room. They sleep in the . A few people work at is red, you must stop. E. Context Clues ‘These words are in the next unit. Don’t use your dictionary. Choose the meaning of the boldfacce (dark) word. 1. Paul was born twenty-five years ago. He is 25 years old. a. again ©. before now b. after today . leave 2. Wedon't need these papers any more. Let’s burn them. a. put them in the fire c. keep them b. put them in the desk store them 6152 FACTS AND FIGURES You can see beautiful pictures at an art mruseum, You can see things about science ata science museum. Most museums belong to the government. a. a building with beautiful and interesting things to look at h. astore that sells paintings and other beautiful things ¢. an aquarium or 200 da place wher ecientists work Ann studied very hard for the test today. She is a good student. She will probably get « good grade. a. maybe c. 50 percent sure b. cannot. d. almost 100 percent sure You cannot drink most river water. If you drink it, you may get a disease. a. fish c. gea animals b. sickness a thirsty Cotton is an important erop in Egypt. Vegetables are an important crop in parts of Mexico. Coffee isan important crop in Barzil. a. plants that farmers grow b. plants near a house c. something a country buys from another country ’ d. food that a farmer grows ‘The soil near the Nile River is very rich. There are also water and sun, There are many farms there, and the plants grow very well. a. good clean water ¢. sunshine b. dirt or land d. fruit and vegetables It is around 25°C (25 degrees Celsius) today. a. hot c. inacircle b. cold d. about Many Brazilian farmers raise coffee on their farms. a. grow ¢. pick up b. find d. enjoyHOW? WHY? 10. co 12, 13. There are streets in a city. There are roads between small towns. There are highways between important cities. - a. upabove c. small streets b. large, wide roads d. airplanes Tt is 2:56. It is nearly 3:00. a. beside c. almost b. inside d. after Tom is a mechanic. He works ina large garage. He earns $15.00an hour. a. fixes care c. gets tired b. gets money for worl: a. pays Some plants are poisonous. The poison is natural in the plants. No one puts it there. ~ a. something made by people c. something in the ocean b. something not made by people d. something on farms 53PLANTS l t Un 55THE DATE PALM tL 15 20 The date palm is a wonderful tree. People eat dates. They feed them to their animals. They use the eaves and wood to build houses. They use the wood to build boats. They make baskets from the leaves. They burn the other parts of the tree po they can cook food. The date palm came from the Middle East “Seven thousand (7,000) yearsago, peoplein Syria and Egypt ate dates. They made pictures of date palmson their stonebuildings. Todaydate palms growin the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa, southern Europe, and other warm parts of the world, There are more than one hundred kinds of palm trees. Most of them cannot growin the Mid- dle Kast because it is too dry. The date palm grows there very well. Hundreds of years ago people in southern Europeand Arabcountries made picturesof palm treesand palm flowers on someof their buildings. Today wecan see these picturesin art museums. People think that the palm tree is beautiful. People thought the same thing along time ago. before now adjective fot south 87FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary burn date palm southern art Teaves grow wood museurns ago buildings baskets stone ‘To day we can see these pictures in . ‘They use the . and : to build houses. ‘Today date palms grow in the Middle East. parts of Asia and Africa, Europe, and other warm parte of the world. The isa wonderful tree. They. the other parts of the tree 90 they can cook food. Seven thousand years , people in Syria and Egyp ate They make’: : from the leaves. 8. They made pictures of date palms on their buildings. B. Vocabulary (new context) southern wood basket = art ‘museum ago dates: stone palm burn leaves. think 1. Some trees have very large green . 2. Argentina isin the part of South America, 3. Marie started w-etudy English five years . 4. Stone cannot Wood can. 5. People burn tomakea fire. 6. Ascience ig a very inveresting place. ' . 7 There isa of fruit on the table. 8. Pam has aemall in her shoe. It hurts. 9. One kind of tree gives oil. People make soap from it. 10. People dry and keep them for a long time. 11. Michelangelo was an artist. His is very famous.PLANTS C. Vocabulary Review PNOeMmRoOME A 12. both stars difficult 30 _ deaf each other idea whole sign interpreter dance heat weigh stomach believe could An - speaks two languages. Do you that there are farms in the sea? There are alot of out tonight. The aky is beautiful. They ~__ not come to the party last-night. They were too busy. How tall are you and how much do you 2 Palm trees like the but not the cold. The says, "Please use other door.” A piano isa thing. Love isan . The students usually talk wo between classes. . Bill cleaned his apartment on Saturday. The hippo has a very long . Do you like to ? D. Questions 1 “2. PS Oe wo *8, How do people use the palm tree? What is the name of the fruit of the palm tree? Where did the date palm com from? When did Syrians and Egyptians start to eat datea? How'many kinds of palm trees are there? Why can’t most of them grow in the Middle East? Where can we see beautiful old pictures of palm trees? Why did Syriansand Egyptians make pictures of palm trees? Why do date palms grow in the Middle East? E. Comprehension 1 People make boats from the of palm trees. a. leaves c. dates b. wood d. flowers 59FACTS AND FIGURES 2. They make baskets from the . a. leaves ¢. dates b. wood d. flowers 3. They part of the trea to make a fire. a. enjoy burn b. dance d. grow 4. The date palm came from a. California ¢. eouthern Europe b. Africa d. the Middle East 5. People started to eat dates about years ago. a.a few hundred * ¢. 5,000 b. 100 _ 8. 7,000 6. Date palms grow a. in the land of the polar ear ¢, where kiwis live b. in hot or warm places _ in cool places 7. There are more than kinds of palm trees. a.a few hundred cc. §,000 b. 100 d. 7,000 8. People use palm tree. : a, the whole c. almost all of the b. the leaves and wood of the d. the fruit and leaves of the F. Main Idea ‘The date palm grows in the Middle East today. 1 2. The date palm is beautiful, and people use all of it. 3 60 People made pictures of the date palm, and these pictures are in art museums now.THE WATER HYACINTH a 20 The water hyacinth grows in tropical countries. it has beautiful purple~blue flowers, but everybody hates it. Why? * Millions and millions of these plants grow inrivers and lakes. Sometimes the plants become so thick that people can walk on them. People cannottravel in boats on the water, and they can- not fish in it. the plants step the water from moving. Then the water carries diseases. Farmers cannot use the water on their land, Now scientists think water hyacinths can be useful. The plants are really a free crop. No one has to take care of them. They just grow and grow and grow. What can farmers use them for? Some fish like to eat them. Farmers can grow these fish in the lakes and rivers. Workers can collect and cut the plants with machines. Then they can make fertilizer to make their crops grow better. They canaleo make feed for their farm animals. . Maybe it will be possible to make methane gas (CH.) for energy. (We burn gas from petroleum for energy. Methane gas comes from plants.) Then poor tropical countries will not have to buy so much expensive petroleum. Maybe in ther future people will love the water hyacinth instead of hating it. # loves sicknesses, plonts » former grows 61FACTS AND FIGURES: A. Vocabulary feed machines energy hates water hyacinth diseases crop millions 60 just Jakes methane gas ‘become better fertilizer petroleym. ros ” 1. Workers can collect and cut the plants with : 2. Then they can make to make their crops gro 3. Maybe it will be possible to make (CH) for 4. It has beautiful purpleblue flowers, buteveryhody. . it. 5. The plants are really a free 6. Then the water carries . 7. Sometimes the plants thick that people can walk on them. 8 The grows in tropical countries. — 9. They grow and grow and grow. B. Vocabulary (new context) ne 62 enaoae just hate tropical disease better petroleum become lakes travel feed fortilizer energy machines crop so flowers Rice is an important in Asia _ Tor became very sick with a -He died. A grade of 90% ia than 60%. Tam tired that I can’t study. Patty is ababy. She cannot walk. Farm make the work easier. Many farmers in China make their own . Some students to study. They just want to have agood time. Mary wants to an engineer. ‘We use yas and oil forPLANTS C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same. Column A Column B 1. also a. two 2. difficult b. can’t hear . 3. modern ¢, not cheap 4. both d. not easy 5. enjoy e % 6. toward f£. leaves 7. deaf g. like 8. expensive h. too 9. percent i new 10. group i own kK. to 1. several D. Questions Where does the water hyacinth grow? ‘Why do people hate this plant? Tell three reasons. Water hyacinths are a free crop. What does this mean? _ How can people use water hyacinths? Tell four ways ~ What is the difference between methane gas and other gas? Cheap energy is very important for poor countries. Why? Pon & oo Bo re E. Comprehension: True/False 1. Water hyacinths grow very thick on some tropical lakes and rivers. 2. Sometimes the water under the plants cannot move. 3. Water hyacinths help make water clean. ~ 4. Maybe farmers can use water hyacinths. *5. Water hyacinths grow in parts of Asia and Africa. 6. Some kinds of fish like to eat water hyacinths. 7. Water hyacinths can make petroleum. *8. These plants can give farmers more money. eaFACTS AND FIGURES F. Main Idea Match the details with the main ideas, Write the letter under the correct main idea. Two details do not belong under a main idea. 1. People hate water hyacinths. 2, Water hyacinths can be useful. a. Some fish like to eat them. b. The plants stop the water from moving. c. People cannot travel on the water. d. People can make fertilizer out of them. e. Maybe people can make methane gas. f. They have beautiful flowers. g. People can feed them to animals. hh. We burn gas from petroleum for energy. i, People cannot fish. j. The water carries diseases. G4RICE ut 20 People ali over the world eat rice. Millions of people in Asia, Africa, and South America eat it every day of their lives. Some people eat almost nothing but rice. Rice is a kind of grass. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. Most kinds are water plants. Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the southern part of the Soviet Union and in eastern Australia, - No one really knows where rice came from. Some scientists think it started to grow in two places, They think that one kind of rice grew in southern Asia thousands of years ago. Someone in China wrote about it almost 5,000 years ago. Another kind probably grew in West Africa. Other scientists think rice came from India, and Indian travelers took it to other parts of the world. Thereare twomain ways to grow rice. Upland rice grows in dry soil. Most rice grows in wet soil. People in many. countries do ali of the work by hand. This is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. Some countries now use machines on their rice farms. The farmers all use fertilizer. Some imsecia are enemies of rice. Farmers poison them. 65FACTS AND FIGURES People use every part of the rice plant. They |“ make animel feed and rice oil from it. They also pay ag make baskets, brooms, rugs, sandals, and roofs for their houses. They burn dry rice plante for 30 cooking. ——___—___- A. Vocabulary brooms grass probably West. rice rugs eastern soil sandals even roofs insects 1. They also make baskets, : : and for their houses. 2. Rice is akind of 3. People all over the world eat 4. Farmers grow rice in many countries, in the southern part of the Soviet Union andin __~ ‘Australia. 6 Some are enemies of rice. 6 Another kind grewin Africa. 7. Upland rice grows in dry B. Vocabulary (new context) even probably rice eestern rug sandals grass insects: roof soil West broom 1. In the summer people like to wear instead ef shoes. 2. Chicken, . and salad make a good dinner. 3. Frank ie two years old. He wants to play basketball but he can’t pick up the ball. 4. We can have our picnic on the ‘under that tree. 5. Paul cleaned the garage floor witha . 6. The rain comes through the of the old house. 66PLANTS Korea is in the part of Asia, Some live together in a group Lebanon isin ‘Asia. ‘There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. It will rain. Plants must have sun, water; and good Mr. and Mrs. Cook have a beautiful new: for the living room floor. C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the opposite. Column A Cotumn B 1. already. a easy 2. large b. cold 3. toward © not yet 4. enemy 4. northern 5. difficult e. small 6. hate f. friend 7. cheap g each other 8. collect h. away from 9. heat i. passout 10. southern j. wood kk expensive 1. love D. Questions \ n *1 *2. 3. 4 6. *6. “7 *8 9. 10. Why do some people eat almost nothing but rice? In what countries is rice an important food? What kind of plant is rice? How many kinds of rice are there ? Scientists have two ideas about where rice came from. What are they? What does "upland" mean? Why do rice farmers use fortilizer? Why do most farmers grow rice by hand? How do farmers kill insects? People eat rice, Tel] other ways people use the rice plant. 67FACTS AND FIGURES E, Comprehension: True/False/No Information 1. Rice is a kind of grass. 2. Rice grows on dry land and in wet soil. 3. Scientists know that rice came from India. 4. Rice grows in the United States. 5. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. 6. Maybe Chinese travelers took rice to India. 7. More people grow rice with machines than by hand. 8. Farmers use fertilizer to kill insects. 9. Chinese farms need more fertilizer than Indian farms. 10. People use every part of the rice plant. F. Main Idea 1. Rice isa very important crop but nobody knows where it came from. 2. People grow rice in many countries. 3. Today rice farmers use machines, fertilizer, and poisons. 68ORANGES 20 25 Everybody lovesoranges. Theyaresweetand juicy. They are in sections scit is easy toeat them. ‘Some oranges do not have any seeds. Some havea thick sicin and some have a thin skin. The orange tree is beautiful. It has a lot of shiny green leaves. The small shite flowers smell very sweet. An orange tree has flowereand fruit at the same time. There were orange trees twenty million years ago. Theoranges were very small, not like theones today. The orange tree probably came from China. Many different kinds of wild oranges grow there today. Chinese started to raise orange trees around 2400 B.C. Chinese art has lovely old pic- tures of oranges and orange trees. Farmers in other partsof Asiaand the Middle East learned to raise oranges from the Chinese. Then they taught Europeans. The Spanish planted orange trees in the New World (North and South America). They took them to Florida first. Oranges ,are a very important crop in Florida today. "Orange" is both a fruit and acolor. The color of oranges is s0 beautiful that in English we use the name of the fruit for the color. not planted by people grow about 69FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary around wild sections Jovely akin oranges raise smell seeds shiny thin sweet 1. Chinese started to orange trees 2400 B.C. 2. Theyare and juicy. 3. Some have a thick and some have a skin. 4. Many different kinds of oranges grow there today. 5. They are in 80 it is easy to eat them. 6. Chinese art has old pictures of oranges and orange trees. 7. Some oranges do not have any . 8. It hapa lot of green leaves. B. Vocabulary (new context) orange lovely sweet wild sections raise shines leaves seeds around thin skin 1. Japanese fish on farms in the sea. 2. The Syrians made pictures of date palson stone buildings. 3. Plants grow from 4. Abird hs feathers on its - A.camel has hair. 5. ‘The polar bear and hippo are animals. 6. Thereare three of the beginning class. J. Thesun every day in the desert. 8. Dates and oranges are . 9. Carlos is fat. Paulo is . 10. People started eating date 7,000 years ago. 0PLANTS C. Vocabulary Review interpreter museums become better diseases energy gaa grass west: east broom roof even insects sandals soil 1. Sweden is of Norway and of Finland. 2. Students always very busy at the end of the semester 3. Many kinds of eat farmers’ crops. 4. The Sousas have - all around their house. There are also flowers and trees. 5. Desert is very dry. . 6. We can get some from drinking dirty water. 7. Tom looked everywhere for his dictionary. He looked in his car. 8. Roberto is an . He works in Geneva. 9, Tourists usually go to art to see beautiful pictures. 10. Your feet feel cool when you wear 11. Leisisa student than Helen. Helen is not a good student. 12. The ison the outside of the house. The ceiling is on the inside. D. Questions 1. Describe an orange. ‘ 2. Do all oranges have seeds ? 3. Deseribe an orange tree. 4. Where did the orange tree probably come from ? 5. Who plants wild orange trees ? 6. How did Europeans learn to raise oranges ? 7. How did the United States get orange trees ? - 8. What else does “orange” describe ? *9. Why did people in Saudi Arabia eat dates instead of oranges ? nNE. Comprehension 1. Oranges are . a. shiny and green ¢. sweet and juicy b. old and wild d. thin and white 2. Some oranges do not have : a. seeds: ¢. flowers b. sections d.askin 3. Orange leavesare a. shiny c. sweet b. thick a. wild ‘ 4. There are many orange trees in China today. a. shiny ©, wild b. thin d. thick 5. Europeans learned to plant orange trees from a. the Middle East . ¢. North and South America b. Florida d. the Spanish 6. Oranges do not grow in : a. India c. Mexico b. Sweden. d. North Africa F. Main Idea ’ 1. Oranges are sweet and juicy with seeds anda skin. 2. Orange trees went from Asia to the Middle East to Europe to the New World. . 3. Oranges probably came from China, and today people all over the world like them 99 FACTS AND FIGURES because they are sweet and juicy.GUAYULE ” 20 25 Rubber is very important in the modern world. We use it for thres for automobiles, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and airplanes, We use large ‘rucks and other machines to build highways. ‘They have large rubber tires. Natural rubber comes from trees. Most of the world’s rubber comes from Malaysia, In- donesia, and Thailand in Southeast Asia. We also make rubber from petroleum. This kind of rubber becomes hot very fast. We can use it for only some kinds of tires. Now scientists can make rubber from guayule. This wild plant grows in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It doesn’t need very much rain. It can grow in desert soil. Guayule rubber is nearly the same as rubber from the rubber tree. Indian in Arizona plan to start guayule farms. They knowalotabout farming in thedesert. ‘The farms will use poor desert land and give people jobs. ‘The Indians think they can make a lot of money from guayule rubber. Poor desert countries in Africa could grow guayule too. People could earn money ontheirown desert land. If they grow their own rubber, they will not have to buy it from other countries. work 73FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary natural plan jobs earn guayule tires nearly ~ airplanes rubber motorcyles trucks highways 1 rubber comes from trees, 2. We use it for for automobiles, buses, ,and airplanes. 3. People could money on their own desert land. 3. Now scientists can make rubber from 5. We use large trucks and other machines to build 6. Indians in Arizona ‘to start guayule farms 7. Guayule rubber is the same as rubber from the rubber tree. : 8. is very important in the modern world. 9. The farms will use poor desert land and give people ‘B. Vocabulary (new context) rubber tire naturally nearly ‘ southwestern = earn plan motorcycle truck airplanes highways jobs. 1. Antonia works for the government. She doesn’t very much money. 2. Glen drives a . He isa truck driver. 3. Itis time for dinner. *4. My car needsa new 5. Children like to play with a ball 6. What do you to study after you learn English? 7. Some students have part-time - They earn a little money. 8. Most: countries have good around the capital city. 9. George bad a bicycle. Now he has a ___. Next he wants to _ buyaear. 10. Sea water is salty. No one puts salt in it. qaPLANTS: C. Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong. 1. oranges, water hyacinth, dates, rice 2. driver, interpreter, farmer, cheaper 3. burn, enjoy, have fun, lilke . 4. cloud, moon, star, sun 5. wood, gas, stone, oil 6. south, east, west, northern 7. sugar, date, orange, rice 8. wild, wonderful, beautiful, lovely 9 broom, machine, roof, sandals 10. leaves, flowers, fruit, inseets D. Questions 1. What do we use rubber for? 2. Where does natural rubber come from? 3. What countries grow most of the world’s rubber? 4, Some rubber is made from petroleum. Why can’t we use it for all kinds of tires? 5. Where does guayule grow wild? *§. What is the land like there? 7. Whois going to grow guayule on farms in Arizona? 8. How will the farms help the Indians? 9. What other countries could grow guayule? 10. Why is it good for desert countries in Africa to grow their own rubber ? *11. Why does the modern world use a lot of rubber? *12. Rubber trees don’t grow in Europe. Why? *13. Do Africans understand desert farming? E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information 1, Rubber grows in Sri Lanka and India. 2. Bicycles have rubber tires. 3. Motbcycles have rubber tires. 4. All rubber comes from trees. 15FACTS AND FIGURES 5. Rubber trees have shiny leaves. 6. Guayule is a desert plant that grows in North America. 7. Guayule is nearly the same as a water hyacinth. 8. There are a lot of Indians in Arizona. 9. Guayule needs rich soil and lots of water. 10. Guayule farms could make jobs for people. F. Main Idea - 1. We can get rubber from guayule instead of rubber trees. 2. Guayule grows in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. 3. Rubber is important in modern life. 76PLANTS: WORD STUDY A. Past Tense Add ~ed to most verbs for the past tense. If the verb ends ine, just add d. smell - smelled raise ~- raised earn - earned hate - hated Use the y rules (see p. 23) study - studied play - played Use the 1-1-1 (one-one-one) rule (see p. 24). plan ~ planned shop - shopped Some verbs are irregular. You must memorize them. Simple past ‘Simple Past Simple Past come came — eat. ate grow grew make made become became think thought teach taught = take took be was, were Put the past tense of the verb in each sentence. ‘ teat) 1. We lunch at 1:00 yesterday. . (plan 2. This morning Jeff his whole day. (take) 3. Ms. Mendez her daughter to the doctor yesterday. tbe) 4. Paut nearly late for class this morning. (carry) 5. Robert his baggage into the airport. think) 6. We about the problem for a long time last week. (come) 7. Alice to our party last Saturday. (teach) 8. Mr. Cook in Japan for six years. Now he teaches in New York. . . (become) 9. Paula studied at the university for eight years. Last year she a doctor. (grow) 10. The Larsons cotton on their land for ten years. Now they grow guayule. . (shop) iL Ali for three hours last night. (make+ 12. Donna bread yesterday. (dance) 13. The students a long time at the party last Friday night. VW~ FACTS AND FIGURES B. Comparisons We add -er to short adjectives (words with one syllable) tocompare two things. We use than. We use more than with most longer words (words with three or more syllables) Example: Saily is more beautiful than Ann. Rice is more important than potatoes in China. Irregular: good -- better bad — worse far — farther Acar is better than a bicycle. A bicycle is worse than a car. A airplane can go farther thana car. Write the correct form of the adjective. Then write than. Example: (interesting) New York is more interesting than Chicago. texpensivey 1. Acar is a motorcycle. isweet) 2. Sugar is oranges. (good} 3. Oranges are than grapefruit. (thin) 4. Billis Paul. (difficult) 5. French is Spanish. (small) 6. A date is an orange. (intelligent) 7. Ruth is Tom. (wonderful) 8. A trip to the moon is a trip to the supermarket. (far) 9. If you are in New York, Dallas is Chicago. C. Plural Nouns Most of the rules for adding s to nouns are the same as the rules for adding 8 to verbs. baby ~ babies bus ~ buses highway - highways lunch — lunches Ifa noun ends in f, change the f to vand add -es. If'a noun ends in fe, change the f to v and add -8. . leaf - leaves life ~ lives Irregular. roof - roofs 8PLANTS Write the plural for each noun. lunch leaf crop enemy roof sandal seed tire knife day family match key dress aquarium library D. -y adjectives Add ~y to some nouns or verbs to make an adjective. cloud — cloudy sun — sunny ‘Use the 1-1-1 rule. sun - sunny But: snow - snowy If the word ends in e, drop the e and add y. shine —shiny ice - iey — Add y to each word. Be careful of the spelling. Then choose the right word for each sentence. salt snow juice sun ice cloud wind shine ~ 1. Yesterday was a beautiful day. It was . The sky is today. The weather is bad. 2. Oranges are . Bananas are not. 3. Gold is . , 4. In winter there are often days. Sometimes the streets become 5, Inspring there are days. The wind blows a lot. 6. This food is too - 1 can’teat it. E Context Clues 1 Sarah is in the hospital. I plan to visit her this afternoon. a help ©. hate b. goto see 4. drive to her house10. FACTS AND FIGURES There is a movie theater only a kilometer from my house. I go to the movies there often. a. building for movies ©. stadium b. good movie d. gymnasium ‘Most rice grows in water or wet scil. However. some vice grows on dry land. aand cif b.s0 d. but The class finishes at 10:50. It is 10:45 now, and the class will finish soon. a. tomorrow ¢. in a short time b. lave d. early Cola drinks are popalar all over the world. a. people like them ¢. people hate them b. natural d. possible ‘We eat bananas and oranges raw. We do not usually eat meat raw. a. in the morning c. lovely b. for lunch : d. not cooked People started to make things with machines during the century form 1800 to 1900. a. ten years c. hundred years b fifty years . d. thousand years When you add two and two, you get four. at cu b~- a+ “This is a poor movie. It is very slow and boring. a, good . ©. not fast | b. not interesting d. lovely Sugar isa sweetener. We put it in candy, desserts, and ice cream. a. It makes something soft. c. It makes something sweet. b. It makes something fresh. d. It makes something better.PLANTS li. 12. 13. 14. Mr. Baker has his own compatiy. The company sells fruit and vegetables to supermarkets. a. business. ¢. car b. motorcycle d. job Artificial house plants look like plants, but they are plastic. aold ¢. not pretty b. new d. not natural Oscar usually listens to the car radio while he drivers to class. a.after c. when b, before - d. but Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. There were no phones before that. a. made the first one c. talked on b. called d. sold StPOPULAR FOOD m KAO OS: AS RNS SOH xXPOPCORN Indians in North and South America ate popcorn thousands of years ago. Scientists found some ears of popcorn in New Mexico, a state in the United States. They were 5,600 years old. Farmers probably learned 5 to raise popeorn first before they planted other kinds of corn. Farmers now raise popcorn in the United States, Australia, Argentina, South Africa, and southern Europe. Corn was an important food for the Indians. It 10 was also important for their religion. When. Columbus and other Europeans visited the New World, they saw this. When the Indians and Europeans had their first Thanksgiving, they ate popcorn. Today Thanksgiving is an important 15 holiday in the United States, but people don’t usually eat popcorn for this holiday now. Many Europeans and Indians fought ware with each other. When a war finished, the Indians brought popoorn as a sign of peace. 20 In the 1920s, people started selling popcorn at movies. now most movie theaters in the United States sell popcorn. Popeorn and movies go together very well. During the Second World War, American soldiers in the army taught Europeans to eat popcorn. 25 Ispopeorn good for you? Yes, itis. However, some people but a lot of salt and butter or vegetable ofl on it. It tastes good that way, but it is not very good for you. 85FACTS ANT FIGURES A. Vocabulary peace wars religion however visited theaters army holiday pepeorn ‘Thanksgiving tastes soldiers. 1. It was also important for their : 2. Now most movie in the United States sell popeorn. 3. When the Indians and Europeans had their first , they ate popeorn. 4. , some people put a lot of salt and butter or vegetable oil on it, 5. Wher Columbus and other Europeans the New World, they saw this. 6. Many Europeans and Indians fought with each other 7, Whe a-war finished, the Indians brought popcorn as a ign of 8. It good that way, but it is not very good for you. 9. Today Thanksgiving is an important in the United States. 10. During the Second World War, American in the taught Europeans to eat popcorn. B. Vocabulary (new context) b ae ee holiday religion however peace tastes visit theater army brought soldier War Thanksgiving Ali is a Muslim. This is his . Maria is a Christian A date sweeter than an orange. We can make rubber from petroleum we eannut use it for ali kinds of tires. ‘The movie starts at 7:30. 1 will meet you at the at 7:15. Our children their grandparents every week. Bob was in the for four years. He wasaPOPULAR FOOD The Second World started in 1989. tended in 1945 and there was : People in the United States have a hig dinner on - This is a very important family C. Vocabulary Review oe ee DA © 10. 11. 12. D. Questions oa heN om truck job rubber natural plan skin sections palm earth mixed evaporates fresh music only weighs stomach Helen has a new She will work at the university. Seats in some of the stadium are expensive. The Jensens to go to Japan next summer. Pat’s hair is net really blond. The color is brown. The moon travels around the once every twenty-four hours, If you leave water out in the sun, it . Food stays in your for several hours. Students from different countries are together in the same class. fruit and vegetables are good for you. Eat some every day. A hippopotamus more than a camel. ‘You can hear on the radio twenty-four hours a day. People from different parts of the world have different color Where did popcorn come from? How was corn important to Indians? Name an important holiday in the United States. Why did Indians give popeorn to Europeans at the end of a war? When did movie theaters start selling popoorn? ‘When did people in Europe start eating popcorn?7. 8. *9. FACTS AND) FIGURES Where do farmers grew popoorn? Is popeorn good for you? When isn’t it good for you? ‘What do people have with their popcorn at a movie theater? Why? £. Comprehension 1 *7. ga The ears of corn in New Mexico were years old. a, thousands of ec. 1920 b. hundreds of d. 5,600 Corn was important for the Indians’ . a. religion e. holidays b. Hives. d.aandb Tudians gave popcorn to the Europeans . a. on the first Thanksgiving c. at the end of a war b, at a movie theater daandc People like to eat popcorn : a. in class ¢. at school b. at the movies d, at work American taught Europeans te eat popcorn. a. farmers c. scientists b. truck drivere d. soldiers Is popcorn good for you? ayes ¢.no b. always d.aande A lot of salt and butter is . a. good for you ¢. expensive b. not good for you d. cheapHAMBURGERS a 20 Everybody knows that the hamburger is a very popular American food. However, people in the United States learned to make hamburgers from Germans. The Germans got the idea from Russia. In the thirteenth century the Tartar people from Central Asia moved into Russia and parts of Europe. they fought the Russians and won. They ate something like hamburger meat, but it was raw. This raw meat was beef, lamb, goat meat. or horsemeat. Soon the Russians started to eat raw meat too. Germans from Hamburg and other northern cities learned to eat this food from the Russians. However. they added salt, pepper, 2 raw egg, and then cooked it. Between 1830 and 1900 thousands of Ger- mans went to live in the United States. They took the hamburger with them. People called it ham- burger steak. In 1904 at the World's Fair in St. Louis (acity on the Mississippi River), a man from Texas sold hamburger steak ina roll. Then people could eat it with their hands, likeasandwich. This was the first, real hamburger like the hamburgers we eat today. Today some people still like to eat raw beef. ‘They call it "steak tartare”. 100 years wt not conked in a shoe time added = pat in, + a kind of bread.FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary hamburger pepper popular roll lamb century Fair addad goat raw soon won 1. Inthethirteenth the Tartar people from Central Asia moved into Russia and parts of Europe. 2. Everybody knows that the hamburger is a very Ameri can food. 3. the Russians started to eat raw meat too. 4. In 1904 at the World’s in St. Louis, aman from ‘Texas sold hamburger steak in a . 5. They ate something like hamburger meat, but it was : 6. This raw meat was beef, . meat © or horsemeat. 2. However, they salt. a raw egg, and then cooked it. 8 They fought the Russians and B. Vocabulary (new context) AOR onw on century goats. add hamburger pepper roll popular lamb fairs soon taw won is the meat from sheep. It is also the word for a young sheep. ‘There are one hundred years ina Some people like to havea and butter with their dinner. Some desert people raise sheep and Canadians often put salt and on their food. Most countries have in the fall. Farmers show their plants and animals. Old friends see each other. Can you these numbers? 456 + 142 + 862 =? The dolphin isa animal at an aquarium. Which team the basketball game?POPULAR FOOD: 16. 11 We do not cook a salad. We eat it . Keiko will finish her English course . She will finish in two weeks. C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same. Column A Cohumn B 1, theater a. someone in the army 2) hewever b. the top ofa house 3. visit ¢. not made by people 4. soldier d. get money for work 5. natural ©. peace 6. lovely f. a building for movies 7. thin & go tosee 8. rice h. beautiful 9. highway i. fighting 10. roof, j. awide road 11. sandal k. not fat 12. earn 1 smell 13. war m. an important food for some people n. but o. akink of shoe D. Questions 1, Who taught Americans about hamburgers? 2. Where did Germans learn about them? *3. Where does the name “hamburger” come from? 4. Where did the Tartars come from? 5 What kind of meat did they eat? 6. How did the Germans change this Tartar meat? 7, What did Americans call hamburgers at first? 8. When dida man first put hamburger meat into a roll? Why? *9. Do hamburgers taste good? *10. How many centuries did it take for the Tartar raw meat to become the American hamburger? 91FACTS AND FIGURES: E. Comprehension : True/False 1. Americans were the first people to eat hamburger meat. 2. Americans got hamburgers from the Russians. 3. Today Americans make hamburgers from lamb and goat meat. 4, The Tartars and Russians had a war *5, Germans went to live in the United States during the nineteenth century 6. Russians cooked their hamburger meat with a raw egg. 7, Hamburg is a German city. 8. People always eat a hamburger with a knife and fork *9. The hamburger is named for a German city. *10, You can buy hamburgers in many countries20 CHEWING GUM Why do people like to chew gum? Some people say they like the taste. Others say they can. think better when they chew gum. Some people chew it when they have some boring work to do. Others chew gum when they are nervous. Gum is a mixture of several things. For many years gum companies made gum from chicle. Chicle isa natural gum from a tree in Mexico and Central America. Now companies use plastic and rubber made from petroleum instead of chicle. Gum must be soft so you can chew it. A saf- toner keeps it soft. The gum company makes the softener from vegetable oil. A sweetener makes the gum sweet. This sweetener is usually sugar. 2 Then the company adds the flavor, Thomas Adams made the first gum from cniclein 1836. However. chewing gum wasnot new. The Greekschewed gum from a treeover 2000 years ago. Mayan Indians in Mexicv chewed chicle. In. dians in the nurtheastern United States taught Europeans w chew gum from a tree there. People first made bubble gum in 1928. Children like to blow bubbles with bubble gum. Some university students do too. not interesting noun for mix # hardFACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary chew blow Mayan bubble sweetener taste companies gum softener flavor plastic boring chicle nervous mixture soft 1. People first made gum in 1928 2. Gum must be so you can chew it. 8. Why do people tike to ? aa makes the gum sweet. 5. Some people chew it when they have some_ work to do. & Then the company adds the 7. Gum isa of several things. g oA keeps the gum soft. 9. Others chew gum when they are . 10, For many years gum : made gum from ll. Children like to bubbles with bubble gum. B. Vocabulary (new context) I> AWN oe 94 sweeten bubbles. chew mixture chicle tast plastic Mayan soft flavor gum boring company blows nervous soften Hot chocolate isa of chocolate, sugar, and milk. Chocolate is one of ice cream. Dolores works for a large in Mexico City. Children like to blow soap ‘When you eat food, you it. When you drink something, you don’t chew it. ‘We put sugar in coffee to it. Itis to memorize vocabulary. Acat has hair on its body. comes from different kinds of trees.POPULAR FOOD 10, Students are usually 1 Dried fruit is hard. Put it in water to 12.) The wind C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the opposite i 2. thin holiday 6. store 8. allover: 11. somebody Column A war 3 4. caw 4. during 7 west 9 spend 10. soon 1D. Questions before a big test. alot in the spring. Column B BPE S Tee mo Ao east earn, cantury peace fat work day throw away after nowhere win cooked late popular . nobody 1. Why do people like to chew gum? Give four reasons. “2, Does gum help you think better? 3. What is chicle? 4. Do companies make gum from chicle now? 5. What do they use instead of chicle? 6. What does a softener do to the gum? 7. What does a sweetener do? 8. What are the four things in the gum mixture? 9. Name three groups of people who chewed gum. 10. Wha likes to blow bubbles with bubble gum? “11. Is gum good for your teeth? 95FACTS AND FIGURES E. Comprehension 1 "1 96 Some people chew gum when they are a fighting c. lovely b. nervous d. eating Some people chew gum because they like the a. boring c. mixture ». flavor d.skin ‘Today companies make gum from a. plastic c. chicle b. rubber from petroleum d.aandb Asoftener something. a. softens c. sweetens b&b burns @. shortens Sugar isa a, sweetener c. softener b. mixture d. flavor The gum company makes the softener from a. petroleum ¢. plastic b. chicle d. vegetable oil Different make gum taste different. a. softeners c. vegetahie ous b. flavors d. seeds Chewing gum is idea. a.anew c.a wet b anold * dadry Children bubles with buble gum. a. flavor c. blow b. mix d. sweetenCOLA DRINKS AND ICE CREAM CONES a 20 ‘The Coca-Cola company made the first cola driuksmorethana hundred yearsago. Companiesnow &linillions of bottles and cans of Coca-Cola, Pepsi— Cou, and other colas every day. The cola flavor in the drinks comes from the cola or kola mut. These nuts grow un trees in the tropics. Kola nuts have caffeine in them. Coffee, te. and chocolate have caffeine, too. Caffeine makes sume people feel nervous. Now there are cola drinks without caffeine. Cola and other soft drinke have carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water. This gas makes bubbles. There is also a lot of sugar in these drinks Some soft drinks have an artificial sweetener instead of sugar. it is possible that these artificial sweeteners are dangerous to the body. The ice cream cone came from the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904, just like the hamburger. You can’t eat either hamburger meat or ice cream in your hands. Someone put hamburger meatina roll so people could eat it in their hands. For several years, people sold icecream between two thin cookies so people could eat it in their hands. It was like a sandwich. However, the ice cream always dripped out. Someone made the cookie into,a cone. The ice cream could not drip out and people could cat it easily with their hands not natural a7FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary ew naoe artificial bottles either dripped cola caffeine hotel cans dangerous pieces mut carbon dioxide, Companies now sell millions of and of colasevery day. Some soft drinks have an sweetener instead of sugar. You can'teat hamburger meat or ice cream in your hands. The cola flavor in the drinks comes from the cola or kola However. the ice cream always out. Kola nuts have in them It is possible that these artificial sweeteners aro to the body. Coia and other soft drinks have (COz) in the water. B. Vocabulary (new context) 98 dangerous bottles either caffeine eas artificial drips nuts carbon dioxide bubbles cookies cans We put in candy, in desserts, and on ice cream. Some people cannot sleep after they drink coffee. The keeps them awake. Ris to drive a car on icy roads. COz means - Rubber made from petroleum is rubber. It is not natural rubber from trees. You can buy vegetabies and soup in You can buy orange juice in cans and ‘The waver in my shower all the time. It makes me nervous. You can have tea or coffee after dinner. You cannot havea soft drink. .POPULAR FOOD C. Vorabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong. on CeIIH peace, soldier, army; war guayule, tree. plastic, petroleum motorcycle, truck, automobile, airplane add, be, come, eat . lamb. goat, insect, dolphin century. fair, month, hour seafood, underline, sunlight, mixture around, eastern, southern, western grass, hamburger, rice, palm D. Questions * PNA ARON What company made the first cola drinks? Where does the cola flavor come from? * Where do kola nuts grow? What do kola nuts have in them? What does COz mean? Are cola drinks good for you? Why? How is an ice cream cone like a hamburger? Why was an ice cream cone better than an ice cream sandwich? E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information 1. Cans of cola are cheaper than bottles. 2. Some cola drinks have caffeine in them. 3: Cola drinks have petroleum in them. 4. All cola drinks make people nervous. 5. Carbon dioxide is a gas! 6. Caffeine gives a cola drink flavor. 8. An ice cream has a softener in it. 9. Ice cream is not good for you. 99SANDWICHES, PIZZA, AND POTATO CHIPS Sandwiches are common in many countries. Where did this strange name come from? ‘The Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792) was an Englishman. He liked to play cards. One night he played for hours and got very hungry. However. he didn’t want vo stop his card game. He asked for some roast meat between two pieces of bread. (People bake roast meat in the oven of a stove.) He ate the food while he played eards. People gave his when, at the same time 10 name to this new kind of food. Pizza is another international food. A baker probably invented the pizzain Naples. Italy. Itwas made the first one at about the same time as the first sandwich. "Pizza" means “pie" in Italian. People use the name 35 “pizza pie" for a long time. Now it is just "pizza". Potato chips came from Saratoga Springs in New York State. In 1853 a man at a hotel in thar town wantedsome French fried potatoes. However, he wanted very thin ones. The cook cut come very 2u_ti:in pieces of potatoes and fried them in oil. Then. he put salt on them. They soon became very popular Peuple called them Saratoga chips for a long ime. » 100POPULAR FOOD) A. Vocabulary oven, invented common fried international cards while bake ~ sandwich game roast Pieces: SAAR K 2 Sandwiches are in many countries. He asked for some meat between two pioces of bread Pizza is another food. He ate the food he played cards. “He liked to play A baker probably the pizza in Naples, Italy. However, he didn’t want to stop his card ‘ Tn 1853 a man at a hotel in that town wanted some French . potatoes People of a stove roast meat in the B. Vocabulary (new context) eu oe invent common cards oven baked game while hungry roast international try pieces Mary usually iistens to music she studies Helen a chocolate cake this morning. Many people enjuy playing ° Who won the soccer ? Sometimes we meat in oi} on top of the stove. We bake or food in the There is a dance tomorrow night for the students. They are from different countries. . Maybe you can. a wonderful new machine. Ice cream cones are all over the world.c o we wr as 10. 11 12. D. * « * *1 FACTS AND FIGURES Vocabulary Review chew boring job gum plan blow religion Thanksgiving museum 90 disease energy even sections skin around This television program is . Let’s turn it off. It’s not interesting. ‘What is your ? Are youa Christian? Most American students spend with their families. It is an important holiday. You don't have to. ice cream. Some people love sandwiches. They have them for ‘breakfast. Ababy’s is very soft. ‘There are 200 students in the English program. De you to go to the volleyball game tonight? What kind of : do you want after you get your. master's degree? The book has four Each one is about a different subject. ‘There are some beautiful new photographs in the art Ifyou ‘on your coffee, it will get cooler. Questions ‘1. What does "(1718-1792)" mean? 2. Why did the Earl of Sandwich want roast meat and bread? 3. Where do people roest meat? 4, What city did pizza probably come from? 5, What does "pizza" mean? 6. What is Saratoga Springs? 7. How tid the cook make potato chips? ‘8. Why did people call then Saratoga chips ? ‘9. Why do people like food they can eat with their hands ? ©. In what century did a baker make the first pizza ? 102POPULAR FOOD: E. Comprehension : True/False 1. Sandwiches are an international food. *2. A hamburger is a kind of meat sandwich. 3. The Ear! of Sandwich was from Italy. 4. People fry roast meat in the oven. 5. Pizza is Italian. 6. A cook invented the first potato chips in the eighteenth century. 7. People invented the first sandwich and the first pizza in the eighteenth century. - 8. The first potato chip came from the United States. 9. Aman at the hotel didn’t want thick French fried potatoes. *10. Potato chips are guod for you. ¥. Main Idea and Supporting Details Put the number of the supporting detail after the topics. Some supporting details are about more than one topic. a. Popeorn e.The Ice Cream Cone b. The Hamburger f. The Sandwich c. Chewing Gum g. Pizza d. The Cola Drink. h. The Potato Chip 1. It has a softener and a eweetener. 2. The flavor comes from a nut. 3. Indians ate it. 4. tis named after a person, 5. Someone at the St. Louis World’s Fair invented it. 6. Someone in Europe invented it. 7. The Russians taught the Germans how to make it. 8 People blow bubbles with one kind. 9. It started in Europe. 10. It has meat in it. 11. Something from a tree is in it. 12. It isakind of vegetable. 18. It was important in the Indians’ religion. 14. Part of it is bread. 15. It usually has sugar in itFACTS AND FIGURES WORD STUDY A. Questions: Past Tense be. - Put was or were before the complete subject. subject Example: Tom was home last night. Waa Tom home last night? other verbs: Put did at the beginning of the sentence. Use the simple verb. subject verb Example: ‘The farmers planted corn last spring. Did the farmers plant corn last spring? Change these sentences to past tense questions 1, Bell invented the telephone. 2. Indians ate popcorn thousands of years ago. 3. Their roast. was in the oven for two hours. 4, Europeans and Indians fought wars with each other. 5. Indian farmers raised popenrn. 6. The cook fried some thin pieces of potato. 7. Aman sold hamburgers at the St. Louis World's Fair. & People first made bubble guin in 1928 ¥Y The soft drinks were in hotties and cans 40 Our neighbor went to San Francisue B. irregular Verbs Memorize these irregular verbs. Put the right verb form in each blank. Simpie Past Simple Past da did gv went get got give gave see saw’ sell sold idoy 1, Carlos his homework early yesterday. (get) 2. Did you ‘ a good grade on your test?POPULAR FOO), isee} 3. Helen her friends at the Student Union this morning at breakfast time. (gut 4. They to the football game last Saturday. igiver 5. We our mother a birthday present every year ‘sell 6. Did the Browns their house? ther 7. Paul and Robert at home last night. (grow) 8. Rubber in Malaysia. . (think) 9% T of the answer after the teacher asked. someone else. (taker 10. Will you the TOEFL next month? teat) 11. We pizza for lunch every day. (come) 12. All the students to the class party last night. C.-ly Adverbs An ndverb describes verb. Many adverbsend in -ly, We can add -ly vo manyadjectives. Example: slow - slowly Spelling: If the word ends in ~y, change the y to 1. easy ~ easily day — daily 11 Wwe word onds int ble, drop the le. peesthie posethty Add -ly w each word. Then use U1 cerrect advert in the blanks Underline the verb, easy different cheap busy happy day possible warm 1. You must dress in winter or you will catch acold 2 Youcan : do the homework in a haif hour. There are only three short exercises. Peopie trom Spain and Mexico speak Spanich, but they speak a little ‘Could borrow your car? I need one this afternoon. "The English classes meet aoe You can live if you live in a dormitory, cook your own food, and ride a bicycle.FACTS AND FIGURES D. Word Forms: Noun and Verb = Same Many words have the same form for both the noun and the verb. Read these words. Then choose the right word foreach sentence. Use the correct verb form, and singular or plural nouns, Verb Nown toed feed use use poison poison plant piant taste taste cook cook work, work drink drink 1. Ruth has lovely in front of her house. She them last pring. 2. Robert is a good . He likes to bake cakes and he also international dishes. 3. What are you eating? Can Ihavea ?Inever that kind of food before. 4. Doyou coffee? Would you like a cold ° 5 Thave alot of wdo. 1 all day yesterday, but the isn't finished. 6. Farmers buy one kind of y for chickens. They their horses something different. E. Context Cluea 1. Marie is unhappy this week. Her parents didn’t telephone her. and she failed ast a. not ©, very bin d. alittle 2. Java is the name of one island in Indonesia. 106 a. water with land all round it ©. country ». land with water all around it d. mountainsPOPULAR FOOD 10. il. Fishing boats sometimes come back to the land if there is a storm. a. sunshine c. bad weather b. some fish d. good weather When theeun goes down, it gets dark. a thick c. soft b. not easy d. not light At my apartment house, children can use the poo! in the morning and adults can use it in the afternoon. ‘a. children c. men and women b, teenagers 4, babies Ric de Janeiro ia on the east coast of Brazil. a. land with water around it . land near the sea b. mouritain 4, lake ‘The sun sets at six p.m. every day in the tropics. a. comes up c. softens b. goes down. d_ sweetens Efeel very cold. What is the temperature? a. How cold or hot is it? c. What time is it? b. How far away is it? d. Where is it? Bili and Paul planned to go to Europe together. Then Bill got sick so Paul went alone ’ a. Hedidn’'t go. c. No one went with him. b. He wanted to go. ‘d. He went with Bill. Retty’s baby was born with a terrible disease. He lived only a few hours 2. Bood ©. very good b. bad d. very bad ‘Try to epeak English quickly. Don’t stop and think about every word. a. slowly ©. fast b. poorly dwell aTUnit V ANIMALS IITHE SAND WASP 10 The sand wasp lives in the state of Kansasin the United States. Today a sand wasp is very busy. Sho is building a place for her eggs. Unlike most animals, she is using tools for this job. Nowshe is digging a hole. She is digging with her legs. Next she lays hereggs. Then she fliesaway. ‘Thesand wasp is coming back to her nest. She is bringing a worm with her. Now she is putting the worm in the hole with the eggs. Now she is covering the hole with a small stone. She is putting dirt on top of the stone. She finds another stone. Now she using this stone asa tool to push down the dirt. She brings more stones and pushes down the dirt with each one. She leaves the stones there. The eggs are safe. The worm will be food for the baby wasps. | wm pf 8 osFACTS AND FIGU! A. Vocabulary unlike nest dirt hole wasp lays worm digging eggs sand covering _ tools 1. Now sheis a 2. She is putting on top of the stone 3. The : lives in the state of Kansas in the United States. 4. She is bringinga with her. 5. most animals, she is using for this job. Y 6. Next she her eggs. 7. The sand wasp is coming back to her 8. Now sheis the hole with a amall stone. B. Vocabulary (new context) sand ~ unlike sig worma cover stone dirty wasp lay hole tools nest, 1A is an insect. 2 Sore farmers have to a well to get water. 3 Children like t play in the at the beach 4 Some birds eat seeds. Others eat. and insects. 5. Amechanic uses to fix cars. 6 Chickens eges 7. Alan has to clean his apartment because it is very - 8 Thereisa in my shee. I have to buy anew pair. 9. Birds and some insects builda . They lay their eges in it. 10 oranges, dates can grow in the desert li the pans when vou cook. You will save eriergy. 112ANIMALS II C. Vocabulary Review game while common cards dangerous caffeine artificial dripping either pepper nearly visit theater Thanksgiving goon raw 1. Restaurants in the United States have salt and on eacl table. 2 Pleasesitdown _* you wait 3. Ann is planning to visit London or Paris next summer. 4. fish is a common dish in Japan. Europeans cook their fish. 5. Does the in coffee make you nervous? 6. My roommate has some free time and he is playing wit his friends. What card are they playing : 7. Aswimming poolisa place for sunali children, 8 tis time to go. Hurry up! 9. It rained hard and water is off the roof, 10 Will your parents visit you or will they be bere nex summer? D. Questions i. What is Kansas? 2. Why is the sand wasp busy today? 3. How is she different from most animale’? 4. How is she digging a hole? 5. What does she bring to her nest? 6. What does she bring to her nest? 7. Why is she putting a worm in the nest? 8. How is she pushing down the dirt? Why are the eggs safe? 123FACTS AND FIGURES E. Comprehension: Sequence ‘The sentences below tell you how a sand wasp makes a nest and lays eggs. Number the sentences in the right order. What does she do first ? What does she do second and third ? ‘The first one is done for you. She covers the hole with a small stone. She digs a hole with her legs. = She puts the worm in the hole, She lays her eggs. She puts dirt of top of the stone. She pushes the dirt down with a stone. She brings more stones to the nest. She flies away to get a worm. ‘The baby wasps will eat the worm. F. Main Idea 1. The sand wasp uses tools to build a nest for her eggs. 2. The sand wasp puts a worm in the nest for her babies, 3. ‘The sand wasp works very hard. 114THE ARCTIC TERN 20 It is surmmer in the northern part of the world. In the far north it is daylight all the time. The sun never sets. The arctic terns are laying eggs on islands off the coast of Canada. They are not building nests — arctic terns don’t make nesta. ‘The eggs are lying on the sand or rock. The adult birds are flying around over them. They make an umbrella of birds. They are keeping enemies away from the eggs below. They do this for three weeks. Now it is fourteen weeks later. All the birds are adults. They are flying 18,000 kilometers south. They are flying through storms and good weather until they reach Antarctica. While they are flyingsouth over the Pacific or Atlantic Ocean, they meet other terns from Northern Europe and Asia Now it is winter in Canada. However, inside the Antarctic Circle in the southern part of the earth, it is summer. Even in summer, it is never warm ‘inside the Antarctic Circle, and the sun never seta. The ternsare living on islands near An- tarctica, eating fish and small sea animals. Arctic terns don't like hot weather. They like daylight better than the dark. They spend almost ten months a year flying far away from any land. Sometimes they fly thousands of kilometers out of goes dawn istand = land with water all around it j coast = land by the sea stone adult * chitd bad weather 115FACTS AND FIGURES: the way so they can fly over cold water. They often fly 40,000 kilometers in a year, They travel more than any other animal in the world. They have more hours of daylight than animal. They are really wonderful birds A. Vocabulary kilometers sets storms lying dark terns coast below reach islands rock adult 1. Theyare flying through and good weather until they Antarctica. 2. The sun never . 3. Theeggsare __ on the sandor 4. They like daylight better than the 5. The arctic are laying eggs on off the of Canada. 6. The birbs are flying around over them. 7. They are keeping enemies away from the eggs B. Vocabulary (new context) reach island dark daylight adults. below lying coast set storm Antarctica rocky 1. University students are not children. They are 2. The people in the apartment ours are very noisy. 3. Log Angeles ison the of California. 4. The plane leaves at 3:00. It will New York at 5:15. 5. “There was a bad last night. The wind blew down several trees. 6 Dan is swimming, and Tom is beside the pool.ANIMALS T1 10. What time does the sun. tonight? It will rise at 6-30 a.m. tomorrow. Some of the east coast of Canada is very . There is no sand. After the sun sets, it gets ouside and the street lights come on. England is on an C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same. Column A Column B 1 unlike @ usual 2. artificial b._ not interesting 3. while e” different 4. hard d_ meat from sheep 5. boring e. sand 6. dig f. put something over 7. common g. cookin the oven 8. dangerous h. bottle 9. cover i when 10. bake jor 1 lamb k difficult 12 etther i make a hole m. not natural n. not safe D. Questions *1. What are the summer months in Antarctica? *2. What are the summer monthe in the Arctic? - 3. Where are the terns laying their eggs? 4. Why are the terns flying above the eggs? 5. How long does it take for a baby tern to grow up? *6. It is spring in Canada. Where are the terns flying? 7.. Where do terns live while it is winter in Canada? 8 What do terns eat? W1779 *10. FACTS AND FIGURES ‘Do terns like hot, weather? Do they like the dark? Why do arctic terns fly from the Arctic to Antarctica? 11. What do terns do 90 they can fly over cold water? 12. Whyare arctic terns wonderful birds? ¥, Comprehension *3 18 It is daylight all the time in the Arctic during the a. spring c. fall b. summer d. winter It is summer in Argentina and South Africa in a March, April. and May c. September. October, and b June, July, and August November d. December, January, and February Arctic terns spend all but months a year flying. a. two c six b. three d. ten ‘The adult lays her oss a inanest c, on rock b in sand d. bande The adults are flying over the eggs eo they can keep away a, the rain c, enemies b. snow daandb The babies grow up in weaks. a three ¢. fourteen b six d. fifteen Some terns go to to lay their eggs. a. northern Asia and Europe c. Antaretiea b, the southern part of the earth d. ArgentinaANIMALS i] 8. The terns fly around a. 14,000 b. 18,000 9. Terns like to fly over a. cold b. cool F. Main Idea kilometers from the Arctic to Antarctica c. 20,000 4. 40,000 water. c. warm d. hot 1, The arctic tern sometimes flies 40,000 kilometers ayear. 2. The arctic tern spends June, July, and August in Canada. 3. The arctic tern is the greatest animal traveler in the world. 119THE SLOTH 3 It is nighttime and a mother sloth is moving slowly along ina tree. She is holdingon to the tree with her long strong claws. (Animals have claws. People have toonails.). She is hanging upside = downasshe moves very sl-o-0-o-w-ly through the tree. She travels about half a kilometer an hour. Her baby is holding on to the mother’s back. ‘The baby is hangingupside down too. Thebaby also daw rides on the mother’s stomach sometimes. 10 The cloth is eating some of the leaves of the tree, She eats while she is hanging upside down She even sleeps upside down. A sloth’s claws are very strong. Asloth sometimes even hangs from a tree after it dies. 15 Tt is difficult to see the sloths because they Jook like part of the tree, There are very small green plants growing in their fur. Insects also live in their fur. The mother slowly climbs down to the 20 ground, Now she is moving even more slowly. Sloths areunhappyon the ground because itis very difficul: for them to walk. A baby cannot walk atall Sloths five in Central and South America. 2h They are famous for being lazy. However, they are slow partly became they have a very low body low # high temperature. It is natural for them to be slow. \ 120ANIMALS if A. Vocabulary nighttime hanging jazy at alt temperature dies upside down claws ground holding on sloth toenails low fur slowly strong 1. Sheis as she moves very sl-o-o-o-w-ly through the tree 2. She is to the tree with her long 3. They are famous for being 4. People have . 5. However, they are slow partly became they have a very body . 6. There are very smail green plants growing in their : 7. It is nighttime and a mother is moving slowly along ipa tree. & — Ababy cannot walk . 9. The mother slowly climbs down to the B. Vocabulary (new context) ara temperature twenails stomach fur lazy hoid on at all low ground hangs strong upside down dean always her jacket in the closet when she gets home. Some worms live under the How are you? Can you pick up an elephant? If you can’t find a seat in the bus, you have to stand up. You also have to vw something A dea! person cannot hear anything . The 1s high today. Tt is 40°C People have on their toes and fingernails on their fingers. Please turn your paper around. I can’t read it Barbara bought a beautiful expensive coat. 12110. 1L. FACTS AND FIGURES Carol is . She doesn’t like to work. Some students get high grades. Others get __ grades. C. Vocabulary Review saving rises knives wind bad for neise awake stars seat changing rolls pepper goats canned dripping nuts 1 Fresh fruit is better than fruit. 2. Martha is money for her summer vacation. 3 Theesun in the east and sets in the west. 4. What ie that ? I think Ihear water : 5. I couldn't go ta sleep last night. I was. until 2:00. 6. Robert doesn’t like to sit by the door so he is his : 7. Thesky is beautiful tonight. We can see hundreds of 8. Too much sugar and salt are for the body. 9. Americans usually have bread or with dinner. 10. Ms. Smith gave her visitors some soft drinks, patato chips, and 11. Bobby put the plates, _ and forks on the table. Then he put on the salt and D. Questions *1. When doesa sloth sleep? 2. Isthe sloth standing up in the tree? 3. Why doesn’t a sloth fall from a tree? *4. What are claws? 5. How fast does she travel? 6. What is the baby doing? 7. What is the sloth eating ? 8. How does she sleep ? 9, Why is it hard to cee the sloths ? ‘What lives in their fur?ANIMALS IF 1 22. 13. *14 +15. Why are sloth unhappy on the ground? Can a baby sloth walk on the ground? Where do sloths live? Are sloths lazy? Is asloth beautiful? E. Comprehension: True/False 1L. The mother sloth is holding on to the tree with her tail. “2. Asloth hangs upside down during most of its life. 3. Sometimes a baby sloth rides on its mother’s back. 4, The sloth is eating some insects. *5. A sloth holds on toa tree while she is sleeping. 6. The sloth is standing on the ground while she eats. 7. The sloth has very strong claws. *8, An enemy cannot find a sloth very easily. 9. A sloth moves more slowly on the ground than ina tree. 30. A baby sloth learns to walk when it is a week old. 11. Sloths have a high body temperature. F. Main Idea 1 2. 3. Asloth takes good care of its babies. Asloth moves very slowly and spends most of its life upside down. Asioth loo} s like part of a tree because plants and insects grow in its fur. 123LOCUSTS We are sitting ina village in West Africa and thereare millionsof locusts in the air. in the trees, and on the crops. They are eating every plant in frontof them. They are eating both the wild plants aiul all the eropaon the farms. They are moving aiung slowly, jumping or flying from one plant to the next. Sometimes the wind carries them along quickly. Every few years locusts come flyingout of the 1G desert. They travel on the wind from 15. to 150 kilometers a day. A locust is small. It weighs only about 60 grams. However, locusts are a terrible problem because one is nc ver alone. There can be 100 million of them in two square kilometers. Each one eats twice its weight in food every day. Thousands of people can die after locusts pass throughan area. The locusts eat all the plants, and there is no food for the people. Governments tse airplanes to poison locusts. 0 Locusts often appear in Africa. The countries there do not have enough money to buy planes and poison. Sometimes there are wars, and the planes cannot fly to nearby countries to kill the locusts. Why do millions of locusts suddenly appear 25 gut of the desert? Why do they appear every few years? Why not every year? Why aren’t there locusts flying around farms ail the time? Nobody 124 fast very bad move, go nearANIMALS th 40 knows the anawers to these questions, We cannot solve the problem of locusts until we find the onswers to these questions, A. Vocabulary locusts enough terrible jumping quickly solve alone nearby village problem slowly millions area appear suddenly pass 1 They are movingalong slowly, or flying trom one plant w the next. 2. However, locusts often in Africa. 3. However, losusts area : because one is never : 4. Weecannot the problem of locusts until we find the anwsers to these question: ~\ 5, Weare sitting in a village in West Africa and there are millions of mm the air, in the trees, and on the crops. 6. Thousands of people can die after locusts through an 1. ‘The countries there do not have money to buy planes and poison. 8. Why do millions of locusts appear out of the desert? 9. Sometimes the wind carries them along 10. Sometimes there are wars, and the pianes cannot fly to countries. 125FACTS AND FIGURES 8. Vocabulary (new context) nearby alone appeared suddenly terrible quickly jumped problem passed solve areas enough 1 Can you this math problem? 763 x 44 =? Peter doesn’t live with his family or have any roomates. He lives 3. Wars are . They kill thousands of people. 4. | waited thirty minutes for Isamu and then he .He was sorry that he was late. 5. Ms. Johnson’s children all got good grades and next grade. 6. Water hyacinths grow in tropical - 7. Doyou have money to buy a car ? 8. Ted out of the window of the burning building. 7. You have to think when you are taking a test. 10. Ann lives on Peach Street and Jean lives ii. Water hyacinths area in some countries. C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the oppsite. Column A Column B 1 dark a. ground 2 soft b. boring 3. below ce. hard 4 near @. artificial 5. child e. above 6. interesting fo warm 7. common g. unusual 3. natural h. adult. 9. cover i. uncover 10. cool jo fur k. light lL far 126ANIMALS IL D. Questions 1. Where are we sitting in West Africa? 2. What are the locusts doing? 3. Name three ways they travel. 4. Where do locusts come from? 5. What do they eat? “6. How many grams of food does a locust eat every day? 7. How do locusts make people die? 8. How do governments fight locusts? 9. Why do locusts suddenly appear out of the desert? E, Comprehension L eu The weight of a locust is about grams. a. 30 ce. 50 b. 40 d. 60 Locusts area problem because . a.therearesomanyofthem . ©. they are so large b. they are so small d. they appear from the desert: Locusts sometimes travel 2, by walking ¢.on the wind b. on water d_ by climbing The wind carries them along . a.on plants ©. Jumping d. quickly d. slowly People die because the locusts a. eat al; their crops kill them with a kind of poisan D. breathe all the air deat all their animals 6. People kill Incusts with a. wars. ©. crops b, storms d. poisonFACTS AND FIGURES 7. Maybe we can solve the problem of locusts a, with bigger airplanes ¢. when we know more about them b. if deserts have more rain d. if we feed them poison F. Main Idea 1. Millions of locusts suddenly appear and eat every plant they see. 2. Locusts appear out of the desert. 3. Locusts are jumping, flying and eatingall the crops. 19RTHE WATER SPIDER 4 a 20 Aspideris like an insect, but it has eight legs and two parts to its body. It spins aweb with silk from its body. Different spiders make webs with different shapes. Of course spiders must have air to breathe. A water spider is very busy today. She is plan- ning to spina web underwater. She cannot breathe underwater like a fish, so she is taking a bubble of air with her. She is holding it close to her body while she swims down under the water. There are other small air bubbles in the hair on her body. Nowshe is spinning her web. The webhas the shape of a bell. Now the web is finished, but the work is not finished yet. She is filling the web with air bubbles. At the same time she is pushing out all the water. Soon she hasa dry silk nest. She makes it very well. No water can enter the bell- shaped web. The spider can live on the air in the bubbles for several months. The water spider will spend most of her life hore. She will eat, sleep, and raise her family. This strange spider lives only in Europe and partsof Asia. It is the only spider in the world that lives most of its life underwater. 199FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary epider legs filling holding enter bell-shaped yet web silk bell spins shapes 1 It a with from ita body. 2. No water can the bell-shaped web. 3A is like an insect, but it has eight legs and two parts to its body. 4. The web has the shape of a Different spiders make webs with different Now the web is finished, but the work is rot finished She is the web wit air bubbles. B. Vocabulary (new context) aS aT oo 130 belk spiders enter shape spinning raise bell-shaped silk bubbles: fill web yet it is summer, 90 we are going to the swimming poo! with water. You can the building through either the front or the side door. Some people are afraid of ___ but most spiders are not dangerous. Acircle is one . Asquare is another. The rings every hour on the hour. Then it is time for classes to begin. Asspider catches insects in its Are you finished with my dictionary? No, not Leila has a beautiful new dress Each dancer is around ina circle.ANIMALS II C. Vocabulary Review dirty tools island reach over lying coast sunset Rocky strong tower hang lazy toenails at all temperature 1. Whatisthe in the winter in your country? Is it cold? 2. Some women paint their red. 3. Tony put all his clothes in the washer, added some soap, and turned it on. 4. Aliis . He doesn’t like to do his homework. 5, Japan isan country. 6, Children’s school desks are than adults’ desks. 7. The Mountains are in the western United States. 8 Keiko is on the sofa. She is very tired. 9 The last night'was very beautiful. The western sky was all different colors. 10. Cape Verde is off the west of Africa. 11, Idon’t have any money with me. I forgot to bring any 12, Amechanic uses one kind of . A carpenter uses a different kind because he works with wood. D. Questions *1, How many legs does an insect have and how many parts to its body? 2, Describe a spider. 3. What do we calla spider’s nest? 4. How does a spider make one? 5. Can aspider breathe water like a fish? 6. What is the water spider doing today? 7. What is she taking underwater with her? 8. How is she carrying it? 9. What shape does her web have? 10. What is she doing with tne water in the web? 11. How long can the spider live on theair bubbles? 12. Where will she spend most of her life? 13. How is the water spider different from other spiders? “14. How isa water spider like a dolphin? 131FACTS AND FIGURES E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information 1. An insect has six legs. 2. A spider spins a web 3. Spider webs are all alike 4. Some spiders can breathe water. 5, A water spider has a hairy body. 6. A water spider spins a web underwater. ‘7. Every few weeks, the spider has to work on her web again. 8. No water can enter the nest. 9. The water spider leaves her nest sometimes to look for food. 10. Water spiders tive in Africa. 11. There are two kinds of spiders that live underwater. F. Main Idea 1. The water spider is unusual because it lives underwater. 2. A water spider fills her web with air bubbles and pushes out the water. 3. An insect and a spider are not alike.ANIMALS II A. Present Comtinuous Tense WORD STUDY ‘Use the present continuous for something that is happening right now. Use ama, is, or are and the -ing form of the verb (be + V-ing). Example: Now she is spinning her web The arctic terns are flying toward the south. Spelling: 1. Use the 1-1-1 rule (see p. 24). spin - sping put - putting If the verbends in e, drop the e andadd ing. die — leaving live - lying If the verb ends in ie, change the ie wy. die ~ dying lie ~ lying It the verb ends in y, don’t make any chages. study - studying fly - flying Write sentences in the present continuous tense, Tell something that is happening now. Use these verbs. Ldig 2. jump 3. sit 4. work §, plan B. Irregular Verbs 1. Memorize these verb forms. Then use the past tense of each verb in a sentence. Simple a. become b. buy ¢. fight d. bring Paat became bought fought brought 6. study 7. tie 8. fry 9. use 10. carry Simple e.win f. find § put bh. cut Past won found put cutFACTS AND FIGURES 2. Write the past tense of these verbs : a. Bee h. sell. b. go iget ¢. be j.come 4. give i. grow e. make 1 teach, feat m. take g. think Cc. Un ‘Un- means not. Add un to each of these words. Then put the words in the blanks. happy popular like cover hurt afraid hind common A water spider is . It lives only in Europe and parts of Asia. Tom is often w people, sohe is People don't like him because he is not nice to them Carol is only fourteen years old. She was alone in the house during a storm but she was . The baby felloff a chair but she was D. Compound Words Put a word from Column A with a word from Column B and make a compound word. Write it in Column C. Column A Column B Column C 1. under a. light 2. under b. mate 3. sun ce. work 4. sun. d. water 5. spring e. food 184ANIMALS 1 il 6. near f. not 7. room g.by 8. sea h. time 9. home iline 10. can je tise E. Context Clues 1. Keiko has $100. Betty has $75. Betty has lesa money than Keiko. a. more c.not as much b. the same as d,alotof 2. There are hundreds of square kilometers of forests in the Amazon River area. ‘There are trees everywhere. a. lots of trees c. lota of water b. some trees d. some water 3. The Browne are planning to take a trip to Floria this summer, a, falldown c. buy something b travel d. give something 4. Beginning students know only a few English words. Advanced students know a lot. a. not very many ©. many b. quickly d.alone 5. Children start to attend school when they are five or six years old. a finish cc. goto b. salve d. hang on 6 Eskimos hunt the polar bear. When they find one, they kill it. @. look for and kill c. hurt b. study d. appear 7. What is your age? Are you twenty years old yet? a. How tall are you? ¢, How much do you weigh ? b. Where are you frum? a. How old are you? 19510. 12. 198 FACTS AND FIGURES Perhaps there will be large guayule farms some day. a. over c. below b. maybe _ datall 1 was in California for a year but I did not ever visit San Diego. I was wo busy to go there a. never ©. probably ». possibly d. suddenly We must somehow stop using so much energy or we will use all of our petroleum. a. somebody c. nobody b. In some place d. in some way When did you arrive at this university ? Did you come here in September? a come ¢ leave b. alone d. hold on Kenya was a British colony. Mexico was a Spanish colony. Algeria was a French colony. a. large coffee farm b. international company ©. farming area : d, place or country that belongs to another countryUnit INTERESTING PEOPLE OF THE WORLD 137y THE LAPPS OF NORTHERN EUROPE The Lapps live in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Soviet Union. Thereare only about 32.000 of them, and mast of them live modern life on the coast or in the forests. Only a few of them live a traditional life. These few mountain Lapps are called nomads because they move from one place to another with their rein- deer. Their life is almost the same as it was a thousand years ago. In winter the reindeer dig through the snow to find piants for their food. In spring these plants become very dry, and there are lots of insects. ‘Then the Lapps move their reindeer to the coast. The deer live on the thick grass thereuntil winter. When the snow becomes deep, the Lapps and their reindeer begin moving slowly back to their winter homes. There is lesa snow there. These normads live in tents because they move so often. They make shoes, jackets, and pants of reindeer skin. They also wear beautiful blue and red traditional clothes. They walk or travel on skis. They havesleds too. Reindeer pull the sleds The long trips, often in stormy weather, make life very hard for these normads. More and tea with fats af wees not much — eS ————_--___. 13930 FACTS AND FIGURES more people are staying in villages on the coast. Sometimes a mother and her children travel by car and meet the father in their winter home. ‘There will probably, be no more Lapp nomads in the future. People want a comfortable life. However, the Lapps.will probably always wear their traditionaclotheson holidays. They will teachtheir children the old stories and songs. People do not want to forget their traditions A. Vocabulary traditional winter trips comfortable clothes forests deep skis few reindeer blue tents fovure sleds nomads less 1. Ontya fewof them lives life. 2. There will probably be no more Lapp nomads in the 3, When the snow becomes , the Lapps and their reindeer begin a 10. 11 moving slowly hack te their winter homes There are only about 32,000 uf them, aud most of them live a modern iife on the _ Cast orin the : People wanta life. ‘These few mountain Lapps are called because thoy move from one place to another with their : The long , often in stormy weather, make life very hard for these nomads. They have too. ‘They walk or travel on There is snow there. These nomads live in because they move so often. 140INTERESTING PEOPLE 8. Vocabulary (new context) forests trip traditional stormy tent future few oki nomads slowly comfortable sleds another deep stories less 1. Helen and Tom are going to takea year 2. Eastern Canada has large 3. The water in the Pacific Ocean is very to England next . There are millions of trees. 4 Innorthern countries, children like to play on their in winter. They also like to . 5. The Baker family likes to go camping. They sleep in a : 8 in the Sahara Desert travel with their camels. 7 Whatare your plans for the ?) What are you gong 1 do? 8. Most people in Saudi Arabia dress in clothes. A few people wear western clothes. 9. This chair is not very . It is too hard. 10. Twelve is than fifteen. C, Vocabulary Review Match the words chat mean the same. Column A Column B 1 pase a. fill 2 terrible b. goor move 3. below c. land with water all around it 4. alone d. under 5 storm e. shape 6. over £ very bad 7. quickly g. with no light 8 web h. not with anyone 9. adult i. above 10 island j. aspider’s nest kk. man or woman - m. bad weather 141FACTS AND FIGURES D. Questions In what countries do the Lapps live? Do they all move from one place to another? What are nomads? Does the life of Lapp nomads change very much? How do reindeer find their food in winter? ‘Why do these Lapps move away from the coast in winter? Why do they live in tents? How do they travel? 9. What makes life hard for these nomads? 10. Why will these Lapps probably change their lives? "11. Where do other nomads live? 12. Why will the Lapps teach their children the old songs and stories? *13. Why do people want to keep their traditions? *14. Are there roads in northern Scandinavia? cr era ee wo E. Comprehension: True/Faise ID There are Lapps in Russia. 2. Only a few Lapps are nomads. 3. Lapp nomads raise sheep and goats. 4. Most Lappe live in large cities. 5. Reindeer find their food on trees. 6. Lapp nomads spend the summer on the coast. *7. Lapp nomads probably eat reindeer meat. *8. They carry their tents on sleda. 9. Traveling in stormy weather is difficult. *10. Numads in other countries probably want to keep their traditions and have a comfortable life too. F. Main Idea 1. A few Lappe live a traditional life but that life is difficult. 2. Lapp nomads move their reindeer every summer and wintar. 3. Lapps want to keep some of their traditions. 142THE AINU OF JAPAN ‘The Ainu live in northern Japan on the island ” of Hokkaido. They do not look like other Japanese. They have round, dark brown eyes and wavy hair. The men have beards and mustaches. Where did these people come from? Did they come from Europe across Russia to Japan? Did they come from Indonesia? Are they completely different from all the other people in the world? Nobody knows the answers to these questions. 10 The Ainu were in Japan 7,000 years ago. In modern times, the Japanese brought new diseases to Ainu villages. Many people died. Today there are only 300 Ainu left. There are also about a thousand people who are part Ainu. 15 The Ainu eat seafood and grow rice- and vegetables on their farms. The men unt for brown bears in the forests. They eat the meat and sell the skins. The bears is also important in their religion. People make their houses from a kind of grass. 20 There isonly one room inside. It hasadirt floor with an open firein the middle. Their religion tells them that the house must have one window on the east side, Young Ainu attend school with other 25 Japanese. They speak Japanese and don’t know their own language. They want to he like other young Japanese. 143FACTS AND FIGURES The Lapps in northern Europe want to con- tinue their traditions. Young Ainu don’t want to learn their traditions. When the old people die, the Ainu Lraditions will die with them. A. Vocabulary round completely middle continue attend mustaches wary bear across beards hunt jeft 1. Did they come from Europe Russia to Japan? 2. Today there are only 300 Ainu : 3. Young Ainu ‘school with other Japanese, 4. The men have and 5. Themen for brown bears in the forests. 6. They have round, dark brown eyesand hair. 9. It has adirt floor with an open fire in the : 8. Are they different from all the other people in the world? 9. The Lapps in northern Europe want to their traditions. B. Vocabulary (new context) continue attend mustache sell wavy middle completely beard brown across hunting left 1. We ateall the bananas. There aren’t any 2 Phe students finished the book They did every page. ‘ 3. Namber 4 is in the of this exercise. 4 Carlos has brown hair. He has a anda too. 5. Where did you high school?INTERESTING PEOPLE 1 - is a popular sport in some countries. Sarah walked the street to the bank. We did not have time to finish the lesson. We will it tomorrow. C. Vocabulary Review hold on upside down suddenly enough appeared area solve yet silk entered bells mixture roast invented ears hole 1 The number 6 is like a 9 but it is . 2 Water in ariver cannot move when it is covered with water hyacinths. Scientists are trying to this problem. 3. Superman suddenly from the sky. 4. Thomas Edison the electric light. 5. Thestoth does nat have energy to move fast. 6 Coke isa of cola flavor, water. carbon dioxide and sugar. 7. Oscar the class a week late. 8. Many Americans have beef for Sunday dinner 9. Some church sound beautiful. 10. My toenail made a in my sock. 11. Little children to their mother’s hands when they walk across the street. 12. Did your cousin pass the TOEFL test? D. Questions “1. Where do the Ainu live? 2. What do they took like? 3. Where did they come from? 4. How many Ainuare there today? . “A, What will happen to the Alinu people if most of the children marry other Japanese”Page “9. 10. FACTS AND FIGURES Why do Ainu men hunt brown bears? Doscribe a traditional Ainu house. What. language do young Ainu speals? Why do young Ainu want to be like other Japanese? ‘What will happen to Ainu traditions if the young people don’t learn them? E. Comprehension L 146 Ainu have eyes. a, green c. blue ‘b. black d. brown, Ainu are different from other Japanese because a. they have hair c, they have mustaches b. they have beards d. they have round eyes Today there are only Ainu left. a. 300 ec. 10,000 b. 1.000 d. 7,000 Ainu and other Japanese are alike because . a. they have grass houses c. they hunt bears b. they have wavy hair d. they eat seafood and rice The Ainu house has a window on the east side : a. to let in sunlight c. to look at the mouritains b. because of their religion d. to look for bears Young Ainu speak . a only Ainu c. Ainu and Japanese b. only Japanese 4. English Young Ainuattend a, Ainu schools c. Japanese schools b. dapanese dances d. soccer gamesRESTING PEOPLE F. Main Idea Put the letter of the supporting details under the correct main ideas. Two of the details do not belong under a main idea 1. How an Ainu looks 2. An Ainu’s house 3. Young Ainu cero ae Aan ee The men have mustaches. They speak only Japanese. They want to keep their traditions. There is an open fire in the middle. They were in Japan 7,000 years ago. They have round eyes There is a dirt floor. They don’t want to learn the traditions. They have wavy hair. It is made of a kind of grass. Tt has a window on the east side. The men have beards “147THE TASADAYS OF THE PHILIPPINES In 1971 the world learned about the Tasaday people. They live on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. A hunter found them and took a government official to visit them. ‘The Tasadays live in the tropical forest. They livein eaves in the mountains far away from other people. There are only 24of them. They knew noth- ing about other people on Mindanao, about Manila. the government, or modern life. They lived in their 10 own world. ‘The ‘Tasadays were Stone Age people. They used stone tools. They had no metal. They had stone axes for cutting. They used digging sticks and bamboo knives. They used two sticks to make 18 afire. They never hunted animals and they had no farms. They wore a few leaves for clothes. They ate insects, frogs, fish, wild fruit, and leaves. Now their lives are changing very fast. Other mountain people are teaching them toeat different 20. kindsof food. People are giving them metal knives and other tools. They have cloth now. It keeps them warm during the cool nights. Every time they getsomething new, they want more modern things. The Tasadays are learning many new things 25 from the rest of the world. They can teach ussome- a 148 important govement worker‘FING PEOPLE thing too. They have no word for war or hate or enemy. They never kill anyone. They never hit their children. Perhapa they have something maybe more important to veach than to learn. A. Vocabulary frogs official sticks perhaps cloth hit caves knives bamboo. axes metal Age L They live in in the mountains far away from other people. 2 They ate insects, , fish, wild fruit, and leaves. 3. Ahunter found them and took a government to visit them. 4. They had stone for cutting. 5. They never their children. 6. They used digging and knives, 7 they have something more important to teach than to learn. . 8 They had no 9. The Tasadays were Stone people. 10 They have now, 149FACTS AND FIGURES B. Vocabulary (new context) age. caves perhaps metal official sticks frog axe cloth knives hit visit 1. People make clothes out of 2 Some are very beautiful inside. 3A lives in the water but it cannot breathe underwater. 4. When were you born? What is your > 5. Ali isn’t in class today. he is sick. 6. Nadia’s father is a government He works io the Ministry of Education. 7. Some desks are wooden. Some are 8 Some birds build a nest out of small 9. The baseball player the ball and ran around the bases. 10. Oscar cut down a tree with an . C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the opposite. Column A Cotumn B 1. higher a. right side up 2. cleaner b. across 3. child ec, alot 4. began d. lower 5.- over e. stopped +6 wet f. together 7. upside down g. wonderful & more h. under 2 future i, middle 10 alone ij. past ll afew k. dirtier 42. terrible kL less m. adult n. dryINTERESTING PEOPLE D. Questions ae How long ago did the world learn about the Tasadays? In what country do they live? Where are their caves? What are Stone Age people? Why didn’t the Tasadays know about other peopie? Describe their tools, How did they eat? What did they eat? Name some changes in their lives. What words are not in their language? ‘What can the Tasadays teach us? *12. What do you think will happen to the Tasadays? Why? E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information 1. The Tasadays live in a tropical forest. 2. The Philippine government wants to take care of the Tasadays. 3. Today the Tasadays have radios. 4. They visited other villages to buy food. 5. We call them Stone Age people because they used stone tools. 6. They hunted with stone axes. 7. They made a fire with two sticks. 8. They had small farms near their caves. 9. The Tasadays are afraid of new things. 10. Now the Tasadays visit other villages. 11, We could learn something from them. F. Main Idea 1. ‘The Tasadays were Stone Age people but now their lives are changing very fast. 2. The Tasadays live in the tropical forest in the Philippines but they know nothing about other Filipinos. 3. ‘The Tasadays never hit their children and never kall anyone. 1515 162 THE HOPI INDIAN: OF ARIZONA The Hopi Indians live in the northeastern part of Arizona in the United States. The United States is a very modern country. Tall buildings, highways, computers, and hundreds of other modern thingsarea part of every American’slife. Somehow, with modern things all around them. the Hopis keep their traditions. There areabout 5,000 Hopisand they live in thirteen villages in the desert. The weather ie very hot in summer, but in winter it freezes. Farming is difficult. Corn is the Hopis’ main food, but they plant vegetables too. They raise sheep, goats, and cat- tle. They also eat hamburgers and ice cream and drink soft drinks. They live in traditional stone houses, but many of them have telephones. radios, and television. They have horses but they have pickup trucks too. Kachinas are an importand part of the Hopi religion. Kachinas are spirits of dead people, of rocks, plants, and animals, and of the stars. Men dressas kachinasand do religious dan- ces. People also make wooden kachina dolls. No two wooden kachinas are ever alike. jn samme way goes below 0c cows dead = adjective Tor de not ever = neverINTERESTING PEOPLE 20 ‘The children attend school and learn English and other subjects. A few Hopis go to university. Some of the adults live and work in nearby towns. The children attend school, but they also learn the Hopi language. dances, and stories, The Hopis want 25 a comfortable modern life, but they don't want to Jose their traditions. . vert for lost A. Vocabulary somehow ever rocks Jose computers goats kachinas dead freezes pickup trucks cattle spirits 1. Tall building, highways, , and hundreds of other modern things are a part of every American’s life. R are an important part of the Hopi religion. 4. The Hopis want a comfortable. modern life. but they don’t want to their traditions 5. _ , with modern things all around them. the Hopis keep their traditions. 6. Kachinas are of people, of rocks, plants, and animals, and of the stars. 7. No two wooden kachinas are alike. 9. The weather is very hot in summer but in winter it 153FACTS AND FIGURES B. Vocabulary (new context) pickup dead lose computer somehow television freezes spirits nearby cattle ever religious 1. Terns find their way from Antarcti¢a to the Arctic every year. 2. Some African villagers say that. trees and rocks have 3. Beef comes from : 4. Most cowboys havea truck and a horse. 5. The cashiers in modern supermarkets use a 6 President John F. Kennedy died in 1963. He is 7. Water atQ C and changes into 1ce 8 Asioth cannot move fast. It always moves slowly. 9 Did you your new pen? Is it lost? C. Vocabulary Review deep skiing trip nomads tent aled uncomfortable wavy . attend . beard complete continues cards dark reach set 1. Russians traveled by in winter before they had cars and buses. 2. Let’s playa game of I don’t feel like studying. 3. Riding for hours on a motorcycle is __. 4. David's parents took a to South America last year. 5. ‘The Mississippi River is very in some places, 6. in Central Asia take their sheep into the mountains in summer. 7. Are you planning to the dance next Saturday? 8. The story on some television programs from one week tothe next. 9. Ruth and Ann are going camping in the mountains. They have a wsleep in. 154INTERESTING PEOPLE 10. 11 12. Dd. Oscar didn’t have time to his composition before the bell rang. Howard has blond hair and a short . Did you ever go in Switzerland in the winter? Questions 1. Where do the Hopis tive? 2. What things are a part of every American's life? 3. What is the weather like in the Hopi villages? 4 What is their main food? *5, What kind of meat. do they eat? 6. Do they eat food that other Americans eat? 7. What is modern about some of their homes ? What is traditional? 8. Where do the children learn English? 9, What are kachinas? 10. Why do they teach their children the language. dances, and stories? *11. Are Hopi children more like Lapp or Ainu children? Why? E. L Comprehension Hopis live in the state of : a. Utah ¢. Arizona b, New Mexico d. New York opis a, want modern things instead of traditional ones b. want traditional things instead of modern ones ¢. don't. want to remember their traditions d. want both madern and traditional things Winters in this part of Arizona are . a. hor c. cool b. warm d. cold The main Hopi food is a. corn c. beef b. hamburgers d. vegetables 165FACTS AND FIGURES *5. A pickup truck is useful for people . a. inacity apartment ec. in New York City h ona farm d. near an airport: “6. Lepis probably eat sometimes. a. frogs ¢. potato chips and pizza b. polar hore @. reindeer meat 7. Kachinas are a.men co apimels b. something to eat d. spirits 8. Hopis don't want to their traditions a. lose c. remember b. hit d. learn F, Main Idea 1. Hopis raise crops and animals in the Arizona desert. 2. Kachinas are spirits of the things around the Hopis. 3. Hopis keep their traditions even with modern life all around them.THE MAORIS OF NEW ZEALAND 20 Polynesians live on islands in the Pacific Ocean. The Maoris are Polynesians and they liveat the southern end of Polynesia in New Zealand ‘There ure about 280.000 Maoris today. Maoris, like other Polynesians, have brown skin, dark brown eyes, and wavy black hair. Men have beards and mustaches, but they usually shave them. The Maoris arrived in New Zealand from other Polynesian islands overa thousand years ago. ‘They were the first peuple to live there. They nade beautiful wooden buildings with pictures cut into the wood. ‘There was one terrible thing about their life. They fought wars among Ghemeelves for several centuries. However. in 1840 they agroed to become a British eolony to bring peace to the country. When they stopped fighting. they learned European ways quickly. Today there are Maoris in ali kinds of jobs. ‘They attend school and university and become iawyers and scientists. There are Maoris in the government. Most. of them live like white New Zealanders between 157FACTS AND FIGURES Bi However. the Maoris do not forget their tradi- tions. Children learn the language, music, and old stories. They have yearly competitions in speaking, dancing. and singing. They practice for months. Then all the Maoris in the area arrive to watch the 30 competitions and see old friends. Most of the time Maoris live a comfortable modern life. They spend part of the time passing on their traditions to their children A. Vocabulary among islands yearly over wavy competitions arrived themselves practice colony shave agreed 1. The Maoris in New Zealand from other Polynesian islands a thousand years ago. 2. They have in speaking, dancing, and singing. 3. Men have beards and mustaches, but they usually them. : 4 They fought wars or several centuries. 5. However, in 1840 they to become a British to bring peace to the country. 6 They for months. B. Vocabulary (new context) arrive yearly practice music competition themselves colony over shave among agree passing 1. The children made lunch because their parents weren't home. 158INTERESTING PEOPLE w CwRyaagnea Cc. You should your English outside of class. Speak English yourselves between classes! ‘There is a spores this week. Students from six univer sities are coming. think that the Lapp nomads have a very hard life. Do you ? What time does your plane in Chicago? Some men have to every day. Brazil was a Portuguese English teachers go to a meeting, They goevery year. ‘The Ainu arrived in Japan 7,000 years ago. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same. Column A Column B 1. notever a. not alive 2. freeze b. in seme way 3. perhaps © adryarea 4. dead d. never 5. less e takeatrip 6. attend f. fewer 7. somehow g. change to ie 8. travel h. computer 9. thick, i spirit 10. desert : j. goto k. not thin 1. maybe D. Questions 1. Where do Polynesians live? *2. Where is New Zealand? 3. How many Maoris are there? 4. What do Maoris look like? 5. Where did the Maoris come from? 6 What was terrible about their life? 159FACTS AND FIGERES 7. Why did they agree to become a British colony? 8. Do Maoris attend university? 9 How do most Maoris live today? 10. What do they doat their yearly competitions? *11. How are the Maoris, Ainu, and Tasadays alike? E. Comprehension: True/False *1. Today Maoris probably wear their traditional clothing. 2. Maoris are Polynesians. 3. New Zealand is an island country. 4. Maoris look like Chinese. 5. When the Maoris arrived in New Zealand, they fought with the other people there. 6. The Maoris wanted peace in their country. *8, There are probably Maori teachers. 9. Maoris like music. *10, Maoris teach their children to fight wars against the white people. F. Main Idea Write the numbers of the supporting ideas under the right names. Some may go under more than one name. Lapps Ainw Tasadays Hopis Maoris They live on an island. They live in acave. They live in a grass house with a dirt floor. They have stone houses. They live part of the year in tents. They were the first people on their istand. They had only stone tools. Corn is their main food. PprAanhune 160INTERESTING PEOPLE. 10. 1L. 12. 13. ia 18. 16. ‘They eat reindeer meat. They have farms. ‘They live in the desert. They live in the far north. ‘There are only a few of them left. They need warm ciathes. ‘They have no words for war, hate, or enemy. Their traditions will probably die. 4 161FACTS AND FIGURES WORD STUDY A. ~self Pronouns (Reflexive Pronouns) , A mirror reflects. Reflexive pronouns reflect on the subject of the sentence. Example: Yau see youself in the mirror. ‘The Maoris fought wars among themselves. 1 don’t need any help. I can do it myself. Subject Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun ? myself you yourself he himself she herself it itself we ourselves you yourselves they themselves Put the right ~self pronoun in the blanks. Be hoe We usually speak English among at the Student Union. No one can practice English for you. You have to doit You shoutd practice among ‘The officials agreed among . A modern elevator moves by when someone pushes the button. ‘The water spider holds an air bubble against while she swims down under the water. No one told me about it. 1 saw it Carlos taught how to speak English. B. Superlatives ‘When we compare two thingsor people, we use the comparative forms-er, more, better, worse, or farther than. 2162INTERESTING PEOPLE When we compare three or more things or people, we use the + adjective + est with words of one syllable. Example: Tom is the oldest student in the class. We use the most + adjective with words of three or more syllables. Examaple: Ann is the most intelligent student in the class. Irregular: good — better than - the hest bad — worse than — the worst far - farther than - the farthest Example: Ann is the best student in the class. Sarah is the worst student in the class. Mary ran the farthest. Spelling: _Use the 1-1-1 rule (see p. 24). big - biggest Put the superlative form of the adjective in the blank. Use the. (beautiful) 1. Switzerland is country in Europe. texpensive) 2. A Rolls Royce is kind of car in the world. tgood) 3. This morning Kumiko wrote composition that she ever wrote. (ally 4. Who is student in the class? Gimportant) 5. Rice is food for millions of people (far) 6. Who drives to come to class? (bad) 7. Teachers think that bubble gum is kind of gum. (dark) 8. Black ie color. (strong) 9. Who is person in your family? 1G3FACTS ANB) FIGURES C. Word Forms . Verb Noun Adjective 1. use use useful 2 tropics tropical 3. sweeten sweetener sweet 4. mix mixture 5. weigh weight 6. fill” full 7. tradition traditional 8. ‘wood wooden, 9 religion religious 10. noise noisy Put the right word form in each blank. Choose a word form from line 1 for sentence 1. Choose a word form from line 2 for sentence 2, and so on. 1 2. 3. Sern eae 10. A metal knife is very for the Tasadays. Northern Brazil isa area, You can your tea with some sugar. An ice cream soda is a of ice cream and a soft drink. What isthe of an arctic tern? His coffee cup is Muxic is an important Maori Hopi do not live in houses. What is your ? Some children are very D. Irregular Verbs 164 1. Memorize these verb forma. Then use the past tense of each verbina sentence. Simple Past Simple Past ado did blow blew b.have had f.know knew ring rang ghit hit d, begin began htell toldINTERESTING PEOPLE 2 Write the past tense of these verbs. a become g buy h. go bring i get cut. j come k. find 1 monas E. Context Clues ‘Captain James Cook was a famous English explorer. He was the first European to visit most of the Pacific islands. a. a place that hes water all around it b. a businessman who travels to different countries ¢. a peraon who looks for new places and information about them d. aship that travels to new places Captain Cook's ship had sailors on it, because there is a iot of work on a ship. a. men who do the work ona ship v. men who live in colonies c. people in competitions d. people who travel on ships during their vacation. There might be a quiz on Friday. If we don’t finish the lesson Thureday. the quiz will be Monday. a. will ©. perhaps will b. is going to d. was, Ruth had to study the history of Europe in schools. She learned about wars, kings. governments, religion, and many other things. a the mountains, rivers, and lakes b. the countries, cities, and towns ¢. scientists and the things they invent d. everything that happened in the past Abdullah always gets good grades on his tests so I suppose he will geta good grade on this one too. a think ©. want b. dintier d. have to 16510. 11. 12. 13. 14. 166 FACTS AND FIGURES Helen's family and friends had a party and gave her gifts on her twenty-first birthday. a $100 ¢. food ». presents d. cattle Helen was very pleased when dhe saw the gifts, a unhappy c. afraid b. deep a. happy A hippopotamus is heavy. A spider is not heavy. a. deep c. weighsa lot b. very tall d. has six legs Masako was playing basketball and she injured her arm. She went to the doctor and cannot play again for six months a. hurt c. arrived b. told d. won Masako’s arm is better now. She is glad that she can play basketball again. a. hurt ¢. happy b. dead d. jump 1 found a writing book, but it has no name in it. Who does it belong to? a. Where is it? ¢. What is it? b. Whose is it? d. Whenis it? Dan is three years old. He is able to walk and talk. but he can’t read or write. acan . c. wants to b. has to - d.plans to This television program is one hour long. It starts at 8:00 and is over at 9:00. a, wonderful ¢. finished b, double 4, middle ‘The Amazon River area is in the tropies. Many kinds of animals live in the jungle there. a, desert c. ice and snow b. tropical forest ¢. townsEXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE Unit 167THE POLYNESIANS 2 ‘The Polynesians were probably the best ex- plorers in the history of the world. They traveled thousands of kilometers across the Pacific Ocean in the large double canoes. They could look at the stars and know which way to go. They aleo under- stood the wind and ocean currents, They made maps of the stars and ocean currents. They made these maps out of sticks and shelis, About four thousand years ago a group of Polynesians lived in southern China. They were a mixture of white, black. and Mongol people. When the Chinese moved farther and farther into the south, the Polynesians needed to find safer homes. Slowly these Polynesians left China in their double canoes and started toward the southeast. ‘They took animals and plants with them. A group of people might arrive at an island and stay there untill they had children, grandchildren, and greatgrandchildren. Then a fow families might start traveling again. Some canoes went one way and some went another. [t took hundreds of yeare for them to reach all of the islands in Polynesia. The Polynesians double canoe is one of the greatest inventions in history. The Polynesians were among the gregtest sailors in history. They understood how to sail by the stars, wind and ocean. currents. This made them great expiorers. ivers in the ocean would maybe best, mast wonderful 169FACTS ANI) FIGURES A. Vocabulary explorers safer history maps greatest grandchidren sailors doudle shells canoes might currents 1. The Polysian double cance is one of the invention in history. 2. When the Chinese moved farther and farther into the south, the Polynesians needed to find homes 3. The Polynesians were probaby the best. in the of the world. 2 4. A group of people arrive at an island and stay there untill they had children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren 5. The Polynesians were among the greatest in history. 6. They also undersvood the wind and ocean 7. They traveled thousands of miles across the Pacific Ovean in large 8. They made of the stars and ocean currents. 9. They made these maps out of sticks and B. Vocabulary (new context) = ao 170 southeast sheil might history safe great double map sailor explorer current canoe Madame Curie was a scientist Children study the of their country We go to Los Angeles for our vacation but we are not sure. A warm ocean off the coast of Norway makes Norway warmer than Sweden. A workson aship. Can you find Polynesiaon the ? It isn’t for little children to play alone in aswimming poolEXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE, 8 9 10, set A is a small sea animal's house. If you three, you get six Mareo Poio was a great Italian He crossed Asia and lived in China for several years in the thirteenth cenuury. Some North American Indians traveled by C, Vocabulary Review ground hang far lazy Temperature jumped enough shape yet. silk enter belt Age official metal frog 1. You should your new silk dress on a hanger in the closet. 2. The students are sitting in a circle on the under a tree. 3 You don't have time to have hunch before your next class. 4 Did the 10:00 o'clock : ring ? Ididn’t hear it 5. The sixteenth century was the of Exploration for Europeans. 6 The in New Zealand is lower than in Hawaii. 7. Polynesia is in the ofa triangle (A) 8. Three frogs into the water. 9. Insects and smail plantslive ina sloth’s 10. Astoth moves very slowiy, but it is not really : 11. Is your nephew going to the eports competition? D. Questions 1, What did the Polynesians travel in? 2. How did they know which way to go? 3, What did they make their maps from? 4, Where did Polynesians come from in the beginning? 5. Why did they leave china? 171Dgeen FACTS AND FIGURES Did they travel different. ways across the ocean? How long did it take for them to reach all of Polynesia ? What made the Polynesians great explorers? Are ocean currents important for ships today? Why? Are the stars impotant for ships today? Why? E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information Hawaiians are Polynesians. Maoris are Polynesians. Polynesians came from southern China. Polynesians are a mixture of diffirent groups of people. They traveled from one group of islands to another very quickly. They took dogs with them from China. Some people died on the way to new islands. The Polynesian double canoe is a great invention. 9. The Polynesians were great sailors and explorers. 10. They made maps on paper. Neer ene oe £, Main Idea . The Polynesians left China and became some of the greatest explorers in history The Polynesians went from China to hundreds of Pacific Islands. The Polynesians invented the double canoe.A GIRAFFE IN CENTRAL ASIA ue to 20 Tamertane (13367-1405) was a very strong Mengol leader. He and his soldiers fought until Tamerlane became the ruler of all Central Asia. Other countries wanted to make friends than enemies. Ambaseadors from many countries took gifts to Tamerlane, They tock beautiful cloth, Jewelry, gold( Au), andailvert Ag). They offen tried to take something unusual as a gift too. Tn 1404, near the end of Tamerlane’s life, an Egyptian ambassador arrived in Samarkand. This was where Tarmerlane lived. The ambassador and his men traveled on horse and camels. They brought a giraffe from Africa asa gift. Egyptian camels and horses were used to walking in the desert. They did it all the time. A giraffe is not used to the desert. But this giraffe walked 5,000 kilometers from Cairo to Samarkand. We know about the Egyptian ambassador's gift because several peopie wrote about it. No one wrote that Tamerlane liked it. However, we aup- pose that he was very pleased to have this strange African animal in Central Asia. Presents + suppose ~ think, guess / pleased ~ happy 173FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary make friends used to leader suppose ambassadors ruler pleased silver jewelry gifte gold giraffe L from many countries took to Tamerlane. 2. Egyptian camels and horses were walking in the desert. Tamerlanet 1336?-1405was a very strong Mongol They took beautiful cloth, : tAuiand tAg). However, we - that he was very to have this strange African animal in Central Asia He and his soldieers fought until Tamerlane became the of all Central Asia. They brought a from Africa ae a gift. B. Vocabulary (new context) 174 giraffe leader jewelry soldiers suppose goid ruler pleased used to silver gifts ambassador Who is your country's to the United States? A has a very long neck. jewelry is expensive . jewelry is less expensive than gold. Some women like to wear a lot of : Masako is never absent from class but she is not here today. she is sick A king is the ofa country. He is also the of his people. When Japanese students study in the United States, they can’t get the food because it is very strange Ali got an excellent grade on his quiz. He was : Americans usually pet :__on their birthday.EXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE, C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the opposite. Column A Column B 1. arrive a. set 2. safe b. fewer 3. inside ec. find 4 rise d. leave 5. start ®, outside 6. dead f. dangerous 7 love g great 8 higher h. lower 9 more 1. stop 10. somebody j. yearly kk. alive 1. nobody 1D. Questions 1. What does the question mark mean in (13367-1405)? 2. Who was Tamerlane ?3. Why did other countries want to make friends with him? 3. Why did other countries want to make friends with him? +4, Why did ambassadors take gifts to Tamerlane? 5. What kind of gifts did they take? *6. Why did they often try to take eomething unusual ? 7. Who took a giraffe to Tamerlane? 8. How did the giraffe get to Samarkand? *9. Doyou think Tamerlane liked the giraffe? Why? E. Comprehension 1. Tamerlane was leader. a. an Egyptian * c.a Mongol b. a Chinese d.an Arab 175FACTS AND FIGURES 2. Tamerlane became the ruler of Central Asia because of a, ambassadors c, enemies b. wars d. gifts. 3. Other countries wanted to friends with Tamerlane. a. make ©. buy b. give ° d. find 4. Agmeans a jewelry c. gold b. gifts d. silver 5. Agiraffe was gift. aan unusual c.a double b. asafe d.adead 6. Giraffes are not, walking in the desert. a. arrived ¢. used to D. bought 4. wrote 7. ‘Tamerlane was probably to have this unusual animai. a. strong c. safer b. dangerous d. pleased F. Main Idea 1. An Egyptian ambassador took a giraffe to Tamerlane 2. Tamerlane was a strong Mongol ruler of Central Asia. 3. Ambassadors took beautiful and unusual gifts to Tamerlane 176THE FIRST WOMAN ON MOUNT EVEREST = 20 wy y Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It is in the Himalayan Moutains between Nepal and China, and it is 8,900 meters high. Sir Edinune Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal were the first people ever to climb Mount Everest. They climbed it in 1953. Men from several diffirent coutries climbed it after that. Junko Tabei, a Japanese from Hokkaido. was the first woman to make this difficult climb. A Tokyo newspaper - televion company organized the climb in 1975. They chose fifteen women from mountaineering elubs to go to Nepal. The group climbed for several days. Then these was an avalanche. The heavy ice and snow injured ten of the women. They had to stop climbing. The other five continued. Only Ms. Tabei was able to climb the last 70 meters. She was standing on top of the world. She was the first woman there. Ms. Tabei was 35 years old at the time. She is 1 meter 50 centimeters tall and weighs 42 kilograms She says that she is an ordinary housewife. She started climbing mountains in 1960. She climbed every mountain in Japan. Then she climbed Mount Annaurna, another high mountain in the planned could 177FACTS AND FIGURES Himatayas. Finally she climbed the world’s highest mountain. ‘When she reached the top, she thought, "I’m at the tap and I’m glad that I’m at the top”. Then happy 30. she climbed back dewn the mountain. A. Vocabulary injured ordinary kilograms finally heavy was able mountaineering organized glad avalanche chose clubs 1. They fifteen women from mountaineering 2 Only Ms.Tabet toctimb the last 70 meters. 3. she climbed the world’s highest moutain. 4. A Tokyo newspaper - televion company the climb. 5. She says that she is an housewife. 6. The ice and snow ten of the women. 7. When she reached the top, she thought, "I’m at the top and I’m that I’m at the top.” 8. Then there wasan B. Vocabulary (new context) highest injured finally organize able glad mountaineering heavier ordinary choose club climb. 1. The water spider is not an spider. It is very unusual because it lives underwater. 2. Abdullah took the TOEF test four times. he pass it. He was not to pass it the first three times. Heis very that he finally passed it.EXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE a If you need a new shirt, you go toa store. You ashirt and buy it. The students are going to a party for the last dayof classes. A hippopotamus is than a camel. Robert hig leg while he was skiing. ‘The International Student is going to have a dance on Sartuday night. Y. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same. Column A Column B lL. gift a. maybe 2. pleased b. between 3. great c. think 4. among d. ruler 5 leader e: shave 6. completely f. wonderful 7. fewer & sled 8. pretty h. present 9. suppose i. cows 10. perhaps j. less 11. cattle k. glad 1. all m. beautiful D. Questions 1. When did the first mountain climbers reach the top of Mount Everest? 2. Where is Mount Everest? 3. Is Mount Everest an ordinary mountain? Why? 4, Who was the first woman to climb Mount Everest? 5. Who organized the climb? 6, What happened to ten of the women climbers? 7, Is Ms.Tabei a big woman? 179*8. 3. 10. “lL *12, 913. “L “7. 180 FACTS AND FIGURES Isshe an ordinary housewifo? ‘Where did she practice before she climbed Mount Everset? What did she think when she reached the top? ‘What is the weather like on Mount Everest? 1s mountain climbing dangerous? Who paid for the Japanese women’s climb? . E. Comprehension When people climb Mount Everest, most of them start in a. China c. India b. New Zealand d. Nepal ‘Two people climbed Mount Everest in 1953. They were from a. Japan 1 cNepal b. New Zealand d.bandc Japanese women started to climb Mount Everest. “ a. one c. two b.five - a. fifteen Acopeny in organized the climb a, Tokyo ¢, Nepal b. Hokkaido d. New Zealand <__ injured ten of the women. ° a. Aclub e. Anavalancha b. An ordinary ° 4. Astorm Junko Tabei’s age was when she climbed the highest mountain in the world . a.25 235 .30 440 Ms.Tabei practiced climbing for years before she climb Mount Everest. als : 2.30 b.25 4.35EXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE 8 She was that she wasat the top of Mount Everest. a. afraid c. happy b. safe a. aandb F. Main Idea 1. Junko Tabei, a 35-year-old Japanese, was the first woman to climb Mount Everest. . 2. Junko Tabei, a small Japanese woman, practiced climbing mountains for fifteen years. 3. Junko Tabei,an ordinary housewife, was glad when she reached the top of Mount Everest. 181-THE EUROPEAN RAJA OF SARAWAK James Brooke( 1803 - 1868} was born in India. However, he was British, not Idian. India was a British colony at that time, and Jame’s father was an offical in the colonial goverment. 5 James attended school in England, and then he went inte the army. He was injured in a war in Burma, so he left the army. He bought a boat -and explored the islands off the coast of Asia. Sarawak ison one of these islands. The name 10 of the island is Kalimantan. Today most of Kalimantan belongs to Indonesia. While Mr. Brooke was traveling in Asia, there were problems in Sarawak. Some of the people did not like their leader. the raja, so theystarted fighting 14 against him. The fighting continued, and the raja couldn’t stop it. Finally, he asked Mr. Brooke for help. Mr. Brooke asked the British navy to help him. They soon defeated the raja’s enemies. 20 When the war was over, the raja asked Mr. Brooke to be the ruler of Sarawak. He became the raja. It was very unusual to have a European raja in Asia. He was a good ruler, He organized a strong 25 goverment,and there was no more fighting. Some 729 finished tropical forestEXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE of the people in the jungle were head hunters. noun for die They killed people and kept their heads. He made them stop. After James Brook’s death, his son became 30 raja. Today Sarawak is part of Malaysia. Malaysia ie an independent country instead of a British colony. Sarawak has a governor but he is not British. There are no more British rulers in Sarawak or Malaysia. A.Vocabulary belongs to jungle colonial death Kalimantan —_—_ governor problems navy raja independent over defeated 1. Sarawak hasa but he is not British, 2. Some of the people did not like their leader,the 3. Mr Brooke asked the British to help him 4. Today most of Kalimantan Indonesia. 5. Malaysia isan country instead ofa British colony. 6. They soon . the raja’s enemies. 7. After James Brooke’s . his son became raja. 8. When the war was ; the raja asked Mr. Brooke to be the ruler of Sarawak. €. Some of the people in the were head hunters. 183FACTS AND FIGURES B, Vocabulary (new context) erPr aa oe defeated death belong to jungle governor navy against over attend colonial independent Sarawak ‘The Tasadays live in the in the Philippines. Every state in the United States has a Our university : the other university in the ball gume last night. . Gary is in the army. His brother is a sailor in the ~ : The class begins at 11:00 It is at 11:50. Elizabeth IT became queen after the of her father. ‘Whom does this jacket 2] found it in our classroom. yesterday. All of the old African colonies are countries now. C. Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong with the others. CVI AAA wyE double, once, twice,two going to, might, maybe, perhapa giraffe, hippo, camel, locust agree, pleased, giad, happy see. teach, explore,ring yearly, completely, monthly, weekly heavy, thick, gift, ordinary middle, common, ordinary, usual best. worst, oldest, farthest. D. Questions L #2, When did James Brooke die? ‘What century did he live in? Was he Indian? ‘What did he do after he finished school?EXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE 5. Why did he leave the army? 6. What did he do after he left the army? 7. Whereis Sarawak? 8 What were the problems in Sarawak? "9. Why did the raja ask Mr. Brooke to become the ruler? 11. Is Sarawak a colony today? E, Comprehension: Sequence Number these sentences in the right order. The first one is done for you. Mr. Brooke defeated the raja’s enemies. dames went to England to study. Mr. Brooke became the raja of Sarawak. Sarawak became part of Malaysia. Mr. Brooke was injured. Mr. Brooke organized a strong goverment. James Brooke was born in India. Mr. Brooke died in 1868. Some of the people fought against the raja. Mr.Brooke’s son became raja. F. Main Idea 1. James Brooke was English but he was born in India. 2. An Englishman became the raja of an Asian country. 3. James Brooke was a good ruler and he organized a atrong government. 185A WALK TO THE NORTH POLE 25 In April 1984, David Hempleman—Adams walked through northern Canada to the North Pole by himself. He walked 400 kilometers in 22 days. David is an explorer and adventurer. He was the first person to walk to the North Pole by himself. He was 27 years old when he did it. Other people traveled to the North Pole before David, but they had asted and a dog team. David didn’t have a dog team. One day he fell through some thin ice into the Arctic Ocean. He went into the water above his knees. He was very hacky that he didn’t goal the way into the water. Noone could live in that icy water. At night David slept in a tent. One night a polar bear tried to pull him out of his tent. He had to shoot it. He didn’t want to kill the bear, but he knew the bear wanted to kill him. ‘The Canadian goverment says that people can- not kill polar beara because there are only a few of them left. Canadian official sent four people in a plane to talk to David. They saw the bear’s footprints inside the tent. They knew that David kill the bear to save his own life, 20 of course they did not arrest him. David was a brave man to goon this adventure by himself. He was also a lucky man because the bear and the icy water didn’t kill him. 186 aloneEXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE A. Vocabulary by himself northern lucky brave adventure adventurer footprints team icy arrest knees. shoot, 1. David isan explorer and 2. He had to it. | 3. David wasa man to gvon this adventure by himself. 4. ‘They saw the bear’ 5. He went into the water above his . 6. In April 1984, David Hempleman-Adams walked through northern Canada to the Nerth Pole 7° He was very that he didn’t go all the way into the water. 8. Other people traveled to the North Pole before David, but they had a sled anda dog . 9. Of course they did not him. B. Vocabulary (new context) N Caran tent footprint. brave by myself lucky adventurer officials knees arrest adventure shoots team Our voll - won the game. 1 don’t need your help. Ican doit dunko Tabei had a great Everest. Lois lost her new gold pen but then she found it in her car. She was very : When a hunter finds an animal, he usually it. Your are in the middle of your legs. When you wallcon the beach, you leave your in the sand when she climbed Mount Junko Tabei isa - woman, ‘The police will you if you drive 100 kilometers an hour in the city. ~ . 197FACTS AND FIGURES C. Vocabulary review pickup competition map shells history canoe current silver gold ambassador jewelry used to club chose able future 1 The student someone to answer the next exercise. 2. Carol has aome beautiful . Some of it is and some is : ‘ 3 Did wou have to study the of North America? 4. Thenew -from France met with the Queen Elizabeth. 5. Most Furopeans can’t get Arabic music. It sounds strange to them. 6. Can yo in Seren and Daman he ? Are to find them? . 7. Paull ‘belongs to a photography because he likes to take pictures. 8. Tt is fun to ride ona bike ina . 9A truck is very useful for a carpenter. 10. The Peru brings cold water from Antarctica along the west coast of South America. D. Questions 1, In what month did David Hemplemen — Adaras walk to the North Pole? *2, What was the weather like then? 3. Did David havea dog team? 4, How many people traveled with him? . 5, How far did he go into the water? - 6. Why did he killa polar bear? _ 7. Why did Canadian officials eend people to talk to David? 8. How did they know the bear went into the tent? 9. Did they arrest him? 10. Why was David brave? *1L, Was the trip dangerous? Why? #12. How do you suppose the officials knew about the bear?EXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE, E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information 1. David talked to Canadian officials by radio. 2. He walked 400 kilometers. 3. David is a young man. 4.Other people walked to the North Pole by themselves. 5. David's dog team carried his tent and food on acled. 6. David attended university for four years. - 7. It is cold in northern Canada even in the sping. 8. David had to kill the bear. ' 9 The police went to talk to David. 10. They arrested David because he killed the bear. 11. David had s radio with him. (FT| F. Main Idea 1. David Hempleman—Adams was the first pereon to walk to the North Pole alone 2. David Hempleman—Adame spent twenty-two days walking to the North Pole. 3. A bear almost killed David Hempleman-Adams while he was sleeping.FACTS AND FIGURES WORD STUDY A. Past Continuous The past continuous is like the present continuous, but it shows something that continued to happen in the past. Use was/were instead of am/is/are and the -ing form of the verb. Example: _ It is 5:000. Glen is studying, At 6:00 yesterday, Glen was studying. We often use the past continuous to show that one action interrupted another action. Use the simple past for the other verb. Example: Glen was studying when the phone rang. The phone rang while Glen was studying. ‘We usually use the past. after when and the past continuous after while. (When + past, While + past continuous) Pur the correct form of the verb in the blank. 1. While Mr Brooke(travel) in Asia. there(be) problems in Sarawak. 2. While Davidiwalk) he (falk; . 7_ through the ice. 3. Abear (try) to pull him out of his tent while he (sleep) 4. Howard \injure) his knee while he (play) soccer. ’ 5. At 7-00 yesterday. David (shave? 6 Tonyt skit when itistart! lo snow. . 7. Ann(enters the building when she (see) an old friend. 8 Jean (sleep) when the doorbell (ring) 190 ©EXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE 9. Ali(eave) the classroom when the teacher (speak) to him. 10. While Marie (write) a letter, Pierre (telephone! B. Spelling review 1. Add y to these nouns. Make an adjective. noise storm rock 2. Add ing to these verbs. study plan write swim fly bring 3. Write the plural form of these nouns. century sandwich knife adventure gift governor 4. ’ Write the past tense of these verbs. try mix drip defeat shop carry 5. Addest to these adjectives. big thick heavy high safe small wave child day baiong play 191C. Word Forms Verb » . invent 4. explore 5. sail |. organize 6. 7 8. rule 9. 10. injure FACTS AND FIGURES Noun Adjective danger dangerous invention inventor science scientific scientist exploration explorer sail sailor birth leader ruler organization a Put the right word form in the blanks. Choose a word from 1 for sentence1,and so on. Use the right tenses. Some nouns are plural. 1. Always think about the street. 2. ‘The computer iea wonderful 3. Kumiko plans tostudy over the world. 6. . The 7. The captain will 8 Aking 9. You need to when you walk across the andbea the Pacific Ocean in the eighteen. did the work on sailing ships. These ships had to catch the wind. The ship all of achild makes the family very happy. the soldiére into the town. his country. He may be agood and he might not be: your compositions better. Good is important in compositions. 10. Oscar's car hit a tree. He has several 192EXPLORATION AND ADVENTURE. D. Irregular Verbs 1. Learn these verb forms. Use the past ofeach one in asentence. Simple Past Simple Past a. choose chose _ e. fall fell b. leave left £. meet met ©. spend spent g. sleep slept d. send gent h.understand — understood 2. Write the past tense of these verbs. a. be g. begin b. blow: h cut c. do i. find d. get. Jj. give e. know k put f ring : 1. oot E. Context Clues: 1. Tony and Ann got maryied three years ago. Then they started fighting a lot. . Now they are living apart. They livein different apartments. . aabove . c. not together b. among . d. agree 2. Ali puta atrip of paper in his book 0 he could remember what page he was on. a.heavy piece cong thin piece b.dark piece d. dirty piece 3. There is a row of trees along each of our street. a. line c. jungle b. forest, d, beard 4. Halfa dozen eggs is six eggs. a. fourteen c. eight * b. twelve d. sixteen 19310. 11. FACTS AND FIGURES Paper is flexible. Wood and stone are not flexible. a. You can pick it up ¢. You can move it back and forth b, You can carry it. d. You can hit it The paper carrier delivers a newspaper to my apartment every morning, { don't have to go out and buy one. a hurries c. defeats b. brings d. buys Itried to pay the government worker for helping me. She didn’t accept the money. The goverment pays her and she didn’t want my money. 4, bring c. take b. shoot d. suppose Sam received a package from his parents yesterday. It was a birthday present. a. brought c. spent b. got d. toid Stop talking immediately 'The tect started five minutes ago. a. soon cc. daily b. possibly @. right now Mr.Rubin is a pilot for British Airways. He flies airplanes all over the word. a, businessman c. driver of an airplane b. carpenter d writer for'a newspaper There are no classes this afternoon. You have no homework. You can de whatever you like. * a anything c. anytime 12. b. anywhere 4. anyone Saudi Arabia has a desert climate. Canada has a cold climate in winter. The climate in Indonesia is tropical. a. way the weather is all the time c. hot and dry b. changes in the weather everyday —d. snowand ice.Unit INVENTIONS Vill AND INVENTORS S. ——_—THE ZIPPER 10 20 The zipper is a wonderful invention. How did people ever live without zippera? Zippers are very common, so we forget that they are wonder- ful. They are very strong, but they open and close very easily. They come.in many colors and sizes. In the 1890s, people in the United State wore high shoes with a long row of buttons. Women’s clothes often had rows of buttons too. People wanted an easier way to put on and take off clothes, Whitcomb L. Judson invented the zipper in 1893. He wasan engineer in Chicago. Hecalled the zipper a slide fastener. However, it didn’t atay close very well. This was embarrassing, and people didn’t buy many of them Then Dr.Gideon Sundback from Sweden solved this problem. A zipper has three parts. 1. Thereare dozens of metalor plastic hooks (called teeth jin two rows. 2. These are fastened to two strips of cloth.The cloth strip are flexible. They bend easily.3. A fas- tener slides along and fastens the hooks together. When it slides the other way, it takes the hooks apart. Dr.Sundback put the hooks on the strips of cloth. The cloth holds all the hooks in place. They don’t-come apart yery easily. This solved the prob- Jem of the first zippers. a dozen = 12 4197FACTS ANT FIGURES A. Vocabulary zipper embarrassing hooks: dozens sizes fastener flexible slide bend apart strips row ps SRI ana In the 1890s, people int the United States wore high shoes with a long of buttons. ‘There are of metal or plastic (called teethJin two rows. is a wonderful invention. The The cloth strips are He call the zipper a When it slides the other way, it takes the hooks ‘This was , and people didn’t buy many of them. They easily. These are fastened to two of cloth. B. Vocabulary (new context) Saas whe 10. li. embarrassed strips flexible zippers hooks + rows fasteners bend apart dozen. slide size ley roads are dangerous because cars-__ on them. Pam cut a piece of paper into . Sometimes your face gets red when you feel . A pencil is not “ Paper is. - People catch fish with fish Hooks, buttons,and zippers are all American supermarketa sell eggs by the Tony and George had an apartment together but now they live. —_—_______— Students sit in a circle in some classes. They sit in in others. You your knees when you sit down. Most pants and jackets haveINVENTIONS AND INVENTORS, C. Vocabulary Review caves axe » froze spirits map shells might history canoe Current over death navy jungle independent shoot i. Mary’s father was in the for twenty years, 2. Did you ever cut wood with an 2 3. What time does the meeting begin, and when will it be ? 4. Carl put water in the freezer part of the refrigerator. It 5. Giraffes live in grasslands. Some tigprs live in the : 6. Carlos had to go back to his country because of a in his family. 7. Some people live in a long time ago. 8. The Labrador : brings cold water from eastern Canada to the east coast of the United States. 9. Studenta usually have to memorize a lot of dates when they study 10. Ann and Paula took a long trip on a quiet river during their vacation. 11. Tom is . He likes to think and do things for himself. 12. Soldiers hane to learn to guns. D. Questions 1. Why do we forget that zippers are wonderful? 2. Are zippers strong? 3. What kind of shoes did Americans wear in the 1890s?. 4. Who invented the zipper? When did he invent it? *5. Why is slide fasiener a good name for a zipper? 6. Why were the first zippers embarrassing? 7. What country was Dr.Sundback from? 8 Describe a zipper. How does it work? 9 What part of the zipper is flexible? 10. What did Dr.Sundback do to make zippers better? *11. What is a newer kind of fastener than the zipper? 199FACTS AND FIGURES E. Comprehension 1. Zippers open and close by ‘ a. shooting c. bending b. sliding 4d. choosing . 2. The hooks are . a. plastic c. cloth b. metal d.aandb 8. MrJudeon was an . a engineer ¢, American b. inventor, d.a, bande 4. Mr. Judson didn’t sell many zippers because a. it was hard to open and close them b. people liked rows of buttons c. they came open very easily d. they had cloth stripe 6. Dr.Sundback was . . a. a Swede c. an American b. from Chicago d.bandc 6. A zipper has two of cloth. a. rows - c. strips b. fasteners d. buttons 7. are flexible. a. The hooks c-The fastehers ‘pb. The rows of buttons d, The strips of cloth . $. Dr. Sundback . . @ invented the zipper ¢. invented the button hook b. made the zipper better d. invented the slide fastener F. Main Idea 1. A zipper has hooks, cloth strips, and a slide fastener. 2. People didn’t like the first zippers. 3. Mr. Judson and Dr, Sundback gave us a wonderful invention, the zipper. 200THE POSTAGE STAMP Before the invention of the postage stamp, it was difficult to sent a letter to another country. The sender paid for the letter to travel in hisor her own country. Then the person in theother country 5 paid for that part of the trip. If a letter ernased several countries, the problem was worse. Rowland Hill, a British teacher, had the idea of a postage stamp with gum on the back. The British post office made the first stamps in 1840. 10 They were the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue. A person bought astamp and put iton a letter. ‘The post office delivered the letter. When people received letters, they didn’t have to pay anything. The letters were prepaid. 15 Postage stamps became popular in Great Britain immediately. Other countries started making their own postage stamps very quickly ‘There were stilt problems with international mail. Some countries did not want to accept letters with stamps from another country. Finally, in 1874 a German organized the Universal Postal system. Each country in the UPS agreed to accept letters with prepaid postage from the other members. Today the officesof UPS are in Switzerland. Almost 25 every country in the word isa member of this or- ganization. It takes care of any international mail problems. 8. went across took it to the person Rot paid for before right away, right now 201FACTS AND FIGURES ‘Today post offices in every country seli beauti- ful stamps. Collecting stamps is one of the most 30 popular hobbies in the world, and every stamp col- lector knows about the Penny Black and the ‘Twopence Blue. A. Vocabulary crossed received postage gum prepaid members: international mail stamp delivered immediately accept 1. When people letters, they didn’t have to pay anything. 2. Before the invention of the vit was difficult to send a letter to another country. 3. The post office the letter. 4. Each country in the UPS agreed to accept letters with prepaid pnstage from the other . 5. Ifa letter several countries. the problem was worse. 6. Postage stamps became popular in Great Britain 7. Some countries did not want ta letters with stamps from other countries. 8. The letters were . 9. There were still problems with international B. Vocabulary (new context) prepay cross postage members deliver ~ worse mail immediately accept stamps. international receive 1. Ali and Marie are of the International Students Club. 2. When you rent an apartment of a year, you have to the last month’s rent. You pay the first and the last month’s rent. 3. Children have to be careful when they the street. 202INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS: e 4 Mr. Ross is going to go to the post office because he has to buy some 5. If you buy living room furniture, the store will it to your house. 6. How much is the for an airmail letter to Japan? 7. Did you any letters this week? 8. Please go to your office -You have a phone call. 9. The teacher will not homework if it is a week late. She won't take it, 10. Did you get any today? C.-Vocabulary Review: Opposites Match the words that mean the opposite. Column A Column B 1. apart a. stop 2. bought b. left 3. found © suppose 4. arrived ds spent 5. bottom e. took 6. besure f. unable 9. glad g gold 8. unusual h. chovse 9. able finally 10. birth j. afraid ll. saved k. together 120 arfirst 1. death 13. brave m. ordinary 14 left n sold © unhappy Pp. lost 203,FACTS AND FIGURES D. Questions . 10. “11. #12, |. Why was it difficult to send a letter to another country before the invention of the postage stamp? . Who invented the postage stamp? . When did he invent it? What country was he from? . Were postage stamps popular? . Why were they popular? What doea * prepaid" mean? 3. Why didn’t countries want to accept mail with stamps from other countries? What does the Universal Postal System do today? Where are its offices? Why do people like to collect stamps? Why do stamp collectors know about the Penny Black? E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information 1. Before postage stamps, Two people paid for letters to travel in two countries. 2. A teacher invented the postage stamp. 3. He was American, 4. The first two stamps were colored black and blue. 5. Astamp shows that the postage is prepaid. 6. The United States was the second country to make postage stamps. 7. Postage atamps solved all mail problems immediately. 8. Members of the UPS accept prepaid letters from other countries. 9. Kuwait isa member of the UPS. 10. All the UPS officials are Swiss. 11. Stamp collecting is a popular hobby. F, Main Idea 1. 2. 3. Rowland Hill, a British teacher, invented the postage stamp. When Mr Hill invented the postage stamp, it solved 4 lot of mail problems. People collect stamps because every country makes beautiful ones.PENCILS AND PENS 5 No one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in abook in 1865. He said it was.a piece of wood with lead (Ph) ineide it (Lead ia a very soft, heavy metal). Pencils weren't popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens, Then in 1795 someone started making pencils from graphite, and they became very popular. Graphite is a kind of coal. (Coal is black and we burn it for heat and energy). Today people make pencils in the same way. They grind the graphite, make it into the shape of astick, and bake it. Then they put it inside a piece of wood. One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long. People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip the point into ink after every few letters. Next someone in- vented a fountain pen that could hot ink inside it. -A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again. ‘Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen that we alll use today. They loft Hungary and started making ballpoint pens in England in 1943 during the Second World War. English pilots liked them. f drivers of aisplanes 205FACTS AND FIGURES They couldn’t write with fountain pensin airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French com- pany called Bie bought the Biro’s company. =<” 30 Some people call ballpoint pens a bic. Australians call them biros. Whatever we call anything them, we use them every day. A. Vocabulary ballpoint points graphite lead coal dip whatever leaked grind pilots ink fountain pen 1. Engtish couldn’t write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink out. 2. Then in 1795 someone started making pencils from and they became very popular. 3. He said it was a piece of wood with Pb) inside it. 4. People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal 5. Graphite is a kind of . 6. . Next someone invented a that could hold ink inside it. 7. They had to the point into after every few letters. 8 They the graphite, make it into the shape of a stick, and bake it. 9. Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the pen that we all use today. 10. we call them, we use them every day. B. Vocabulary(new context} graphite ballpoint pilot ead coal leaks: grind fountain pen ink point dips whatever 206INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS 10. Our shower A little water runs out of it all day. Dead plants and animals became and petroleum millions of years ago. You should have a good on your pencil. Yoko's brother is a . He flies for Japan Airlines. is a soft, heavy metal. Students a hundred years ago always had a bottle of on their desks. Dan works in an ice cream store. He the ice cream into dishes and onto cones. We coffee before we mix it with hot water. Most people use pens, but some people like a At a cafeteria, you can choose you want to eat. C. Vocabulary Review PIAA 10. Ab 12. by herself team lucky arrested size apart slide embarrassed strip bend row fastener dozen hook flexible ane There are about a students in the class. It is a small class. ; Mountain climbers always carry a little with them. What cola do you want, smal! or large? People often over when they talk to children. A children’s park always has a slide. Children can down it. My little daughter is pleased that she can get dressed now. Masako was . when she gave the wrong answer in class. How many people are on a soccer ? Robert. took his bicycle and now he can’t put it back together again. . ‘There is a on the back of the door. You can hang your jacket there. The police the boy who took my bicycle. Maria always sits in the front of the class. 207FACTS AND FIGURES D. Questions Who invented the pencil? When? Describe the pencils of 1565 Describe a modern pencil. How do people make pencils today? What kind of pens did people write with after feather pens? _ Why was a fountain pen better than the old pens? Where were the inventors of the ballpoint pen from? Why is a ballpdint better than a fountain pen for pilots? Why does a fountain pen leak in an airplane? In what country are Bie pens made? . Where did the name biro come from? *12. Which is better, a pencil or a ballpoint pen? SAMAS ONE Fes E. Comprehension 1 described a pencil in 1565 a. A Hungarian ec. A Frenchman b. A Swiss @. An Englishman 2. The first pencils had in them. a. gold e. lead b, graphite d.ink 3. One pencil can write words. a. 50,000 «. 56 b. 55,000 + d. 1565 4. The first pans were . a. wooden . metal b. lead a. graphite . 5. The next pens had a point. a. wooden ©. metal b. lead @. silver 208INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS: 6. A fountain pen can hold inside it. a. coal c. graphite b, lead d. ink 1. The Biro brothers made thousands of pens in a. England . France b. Hungary d. Switzerland "8. are best for writing in airplanes. a. Ballpoint pens c. Fountain pens b, Pencils . d.aandb *9. People burn a. coal and graphite ¢. coal and wood b. graphite and lead d. lead and coal *10. People grind a. hamburger meat ¢. graphite ». coffee d. aband c F. Main Idea 1. There were several kinds of pens before ballpoint pens. 2, We use pens and pencils every day. 3. Ballpoint pons and pencile are very useful inventions. 209UMBRELLAS 20 25 The umbrella is a very ordinary object. It keeps the rain and thesun off people. Some umbrel- las fold up, so it is easy vo carry them. However, the umbrella did not begin lifeas an ordinary object. It was a sign of royalty or impot- tance. Some African tribes still use umbrellas in this way today. Someone carries an umbrella and walks behind the king or important person. Umbrellasare veryold. The Chinese hadthem in the eleventh century B.C. From China they traveled to Indian, Persia, and Egypt. In Greece and Rome, men wouldn’t use them. They believed umbrellas were only for women. _ When the Spanish explorers went to Mexico, they saw the Aztec kings using umbrellas English explorers saw Indian princes carrying umbrellas on the east coast of North America. It seems that people in different parts of the world invented umbrellas at different times. England was probably the first country in Europe where ordinary people used umbrellas against the rain. England has a rainy climate, and umbrellas are very useful there. Everybody uses umbrellas today. The next time you carry one, remember that for canturies only great men and women use them. Perhaps you are really a king or queen, a princess or prince. 20 thing, kings, queens, and their families past of won't sons of queens end kings daughter of a king and queenINVENTIONS AND INVENTORS, A. Vocabulary wouldn't queen princes princess king object, climate tribes royalty importance fold up seems 1. English explorers saw Indian carrying umbrellas on the east coast of North America. 2. It was a sign of or importance Yon e e England has a rai: ihere , and umbrellas are very useful The umbrella is a very ordinary In Greece and Rome, men use them. Perhaps you are really a king or queen, a or prince. Some African still use umbrellas in this way today. Some umbretlas , 80 it is easy to carry them. i that people in different parts of the world invented umbrellas at different times. BB. Vocabulary (new context) 5. 6. a prince princess objects seems importance foid wouldn't climate queen king royalty trible A is the daughter of a king or queen.A is the son of a king and queen. They are all Bil very unhappy today. What is wrong? The Tasadays had uo metal. They only had made of vinod and stove Dan asked Maria to go to the movies with him last night, bur she go.She was too tired The Hopis are an Indian in Arizona Qatar bas a desert , but Malaysia is in the tropics. After you write a letter, you it and put it in an envelope. 21FACTS AND FIGURES C. Vocabulary Underline the word that does not belong. around, about, nearly, behind movie theater, art museum, gymnasium, science museum governor, collector, traveler, sailor jungie, navy, forest, trees game,team, win, adventure dozen, eighteen, kilo, eleven hook, button, flexible, zipper slide, receive, talee, accept lead, gold, coal, silver 10. put, run, cut, hit ree eer ee D. Questions 1. What are two uses of an umbrella? +2. Why is it easier to carry an umbrella that folds up? 3. What was an umbrella a sign of in the past? 4. Who uses umbrellas in this way today? *5. How do we know that the Chinese had umbrellas in the eleventh century B.C? 6. Why didn’ Greek men use umbrellas? 7. What other people invented the umbrella? 8. Why didn’t English people like umbrellas? 9. In what countries are uribrellas not very useful? E. Comprehension 1. Today people use umbrellas for . a. the rain © a sign of a great person b. the sun d.ab, and 2. Aqueen isa person. a. royal ©. holiday b. embarrassing 4. jewelry 212INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS. 3. A great person walks someone with an umbreila. a. beside c. in front of b. before d. in back of 4. India and Persia learned about umbrellas from a, Aztec Indians ce. China b. Egypt d. Spanish explorers *5. Most. groups of people had some kind of a! coal c. ink b. royalty 4. mail 6. American Indians : a. learned about umbrellas from English and Spanish explorers b. invented umbrellas. ¢. got umbrellas from the Chinese d. taught Egyptians about umbrellas 7. English people started using umbrellas because they have a. royalty ¢. too much son b. a rainy climate d. great men and wonien F. Main Idea 1. For conturies only great peope used umbrellas, but now ordinary people everywhere use them? 2. Umbrellas are useful in the rain. 2 The Chinese and American Indians invented umbrellas? 213THE METRIC SYSTEM People all aver the world use kilograms, cen- timeters, square meters, liters, and Celsius (C). These are all ways to measure things. They are all part of the metric system. During the French Revolution (1789-1799) against the king, the revolutionary government started the metric system. Before that. every part of France had a different system for measuring things. Also, cloth makers measured cloth with 10 one system. Jewelers used another system Carpenters used another. Other countries: used other systems. The revolutionary government wanted one international scientific system of measuremennt. They asked a group of scientists and mathematicians to invent a system. ‘The mathematicians and scientists decided touse the numbers ten. hundred, and thousand for their system Next they had to decide on a “natural” length. 20. They chose one ten millionth (1/10,000.000 of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole They called this one meter. Then they chase one gram for weighing things. A cubic centimeter of water weighs one gran, Mathematicians and scientists worked on these problems for twenty years until they finally gevernn noun for Fy var by the people against their disuinee = how fario finished the complete system. The biggest prob- lem was measuring the meter. The metrie system was a wonderful gift to the world. There are only five countries that don’t. use it. They are Brunei, Burma, North and South Yemen, and the United States. The metric system is truly an international system. A.Vocabulary Lane cubic measure Lanetors mere: ler ten millionth system Cons uaslunees Swe 6. During the French (1789 - 1799) ages ene Kung. toe revolutionary government. started the metric system. Next they had to decide on a "natural" ‘They are all part of the A centimeter of water weighs one gram They « ose one ten - millionth of the from the to the North Pole. ‘These are all ways to things, The mathematicians and scientists to use the numbers ten. hundred, and thounsand for their system. 215FACTS AND FIGURES B. Vocabulary (new context) er _ liter Revolution Equator cube square system length metric distance measure decided gram The Russian in 1971 was against the royal family of Russia. ‘What is the between Chicago and New York? The system is a system of measurement. Junko Tabei, a Japanese housewife, to try to. Mount Everest. We need to buy a tablecloth. Please the table so we will know what size to buy. What is the of the table? How long is it? Indonesia, Kenya, and the Amazon area are all on the A has six sidés. Each side is the same size ‘The British had the first of prepaid postage ©. Vocabulary Review Boh Cans 216 lonely evaporated percent basket broom section. tires crossed postage deliver prepaid. stamp immediately member point chew Keiko doesn't like to be away from her family. She feels Lamb and beef are in the meat of a supermarket. Ninety-five of the class passed the test. Letters that go outside a country take more than letters inside a country. Alice came in from the garden with a of beautiful flowers. Did the mail carrier the mail yet? The ‘on my pencil is broken. May I sharpen it? Some people do not like to gum. There is no water left in the dish. It allINVENTIONS AND INVENTORS 10. We need two new front for the car. 11. The Polynesians the Pacific Ocean in double canoes. 12. Carl isa of the stamp club. Collecting stampe is his hobby. D. P- Questions pert Ze mnes What do centi- and milli~ mean? What is the metric system? Who was the French Revolution against? Before the Revolution, there was problem in France about measuring things, What was it? Who invented the metric system? ‘What did they choose for the “natural” length? How did they choose one gram? - How long did it take to complete the system ? ‘Why do we call this an international system of measurement? #10. Why is the metric system easy to use? E. Comprehension: True/Faise/No Information 1. Celsius is part of the metric system. 2. Hectares are part of the metric system. 3. We use the metric system to measure things. 4. The French Revolution was in the seventeenth century. 5. The metric system is an international scientific system of measurement. 6. A mathematician and a scientist invented the metric system. 8. The United States uses the metric system. 9. The United States uses an old English system of measurement. 10. The French Revolution was after the American Revolution. OleFACTS AND FIGURES F. Main Idea Put the letter of the details after the main ideas. Some details go with more than one main idea. 1, The Zipper 4. The Ballpoint Pen 2. The Postage Stamp 5. The Umbrella 3. The Pencil 6. The Metric System cro oem ee eno De BB 218 A British teacher invented it. French scientists and mathematicians invented it, Different groups of people invented it. An American invented it. No one knows who invented it. ‘Two Hungarian brothers invented it. It is international and scientific. Sometimes it is a sign of royalty. The United States doesn’t use it. It is a fastener. One of them can write 50,000 words. I: is better than a fountain pen in an airplane. People in many countries use it. Collecting them is a popular hobbyA. Will/Be going to ‘There are two ways to write about the future in English. 1. Will + simple verb TIONS AND INVENTORS WORD STUDY Example: Carol will lend me her car tomorrow. Classes will end next week. 2. Be (am, is, are) + going to + simple verb Example: The store is going to deliver our new refrigerator this afternoon. 1 am going to measure the kitchen floor 1. Write sentences with will and the word in parentheses. Example: a travel (next summer) My parents will travel in Japan for two months next summer. receive b. deliver ce d e. go skiing decide arrive inext week) 7 (tomorrow) (tonight? tomorrow morning? (next winter) 2, Write sentences with be going to and the words in parentheses. Example: eRace attend (next week) 1am going to attend my cousin's wedding next week. continue practice choose . roast leave (next fall? {all summer! (omorrow) (tonight! (next month? 219B. How + Adjective Example: How far is it to Los Angeles? How old are you? How large is your country? How heavy is a hippopotamus? Use these words in questions. 1. how jong 4. how much 2. how deep 5. how fast 3. how tall . C. Irregular Verbs. FACTS AND FIGUKES 1. Learn these verb forms. Then use each past form in a sentence. Simple Past a. keep kept b. hurt hort ec. lead led d. write wrote e. wear wore 2. Write the past of these verbs. blow give know drip meet . understand pp ae ge 3290 Simple —— Past f. oe em freeze froze lose lost - pay paid speak spoke build built g. choose h. grow i leave 3. hit k. fall lL sendINVENTIONS AND INVENTORS D. Word Forms Verb Noun Adjective 1. collect collection. collector 2. describe description 3. heat heat hot 4 royalty royal 5. importance important 6. ‘soften softener soft 7. believe belief 8. rain rain rainy 9. sharpen sharpener sharp 10. measure measurement Put the right word form in the blanks. Use a word from line 1 for sentence 1 and so on. Use the right form of the verb and singular and plural nouns. 16. Lois is a stamp She Stamps. She has a large Write a of your city. it. We need some water. Please some. Prince Charles is a member of the British family. His parents are too. In India umbrellas were a sign of . Only people used them. Gum has a in it. This the gum 30 people can chew it. It makes the gum Many people that God made the earth. This is their : It is starting to . We are going to have a day. Do you like the ° Where is the pencil 2 My pencil isn’t I need to it. Please the size of the living room carpet. How long and how wide is it? What are the ? Oo]FACTS AND FIGURES E. Context Clues or 222 It is very cold in Norway in winter. You have to wear a heavy coat, a hat on your head, and gloves on your hands. a. something to keep the hands warm b, something to make the hands look pretty ¢. something to coo) the hands d. something that makes the hands work better People cannet ride their bicycles on the sidewall because 1. 1s dangerous for the people walking there. They have to ride in the street. a. the middle of the street b.a place at the side of the street for people w walk a beautiful part of a park da place fur ears and motoreycles Mr. da Silva’s little boy was going to run into the street. Mr. da Silva yelled at him to come back. @ pushed quickly c. seemed b. arrested 4. spoke loudly A hundred years ago people crossed the ocean by ship. This was slow. Today we travel by plane at a bigh speed. a, Slowly c. very fast b. independently d, luckily Captain Lee trains new police officers. The new officers study and practice for their new jobs a. belong wo ¢. agrees b. teaches 4. shaves In a basketball game, one player passes the ball to another player. a, sends c. takes b. decides d. throws Oman is one of the Arab nations. a. countries ¢. mountains b. religions @ governors10. ll 13. 15. 16 “TIONS AND INVENTORS Barbara had her coffee cup in front of her. When she finished drinking her coffee, she pushed the cup aside. a. off the table c. into the kitchen b, to the side d. into the air Carol visited all the cayfital cities in Europe except Rome She-didn't have time to go there . a. when ©. bar sa d. that I'm sorry we can’t talk any longer, but we are going to be late. We have to rush. a. hurry c. carry b fead d. grow Switzerland has beautiful high mountains. However, people can’t live high in the mountains because life there is too difficult. They live in the valleys. a large cities on grasslands ¢ low areas between mountains b reupread forests a, hot desert areas Today is my younger brother's sports day. There are games all morning. In the afternoon he is going to run ina foot race. a. volleyball sume c. competition among horses b, running competition d. skiing competition Running is usually an individual sport. Volleyball and basketball are team sports 4. group of peopie ©. several people together b team d. one person Paerre wrate an exellent composition. ft 1s the best one in the eiass. a. very ve! ged © poor b, not interesting ¢, bong The teacher walked ahead of the students. He was leading the way ta the new classroom, a. in back of c¢. beside b near d. in front of Coke and Pepsi are similar drinks. Seven-Up tastes different a different © fred ib. almost the same a. darkUnit UNUSUAL SPORTS IX a Y Ate > 225an m wy THAI BOXING | Boxing is popular in many countries. ‘Two fighters wear boxing gloves on their hands. A bell rings. The boxers hit each other until one knocks out the other. Each part of the fight is 3 minutes long. It is called a round. Thai boxing is different. The boxing match begins with music from drums and flutes. Then the two fighters kneel and pray to God. Next they do a slow dance that coptes the movements of Thai boxing, During this dance, each fighter tries to show the other that he is best. Then the fight begins. In Thai boxing, the fighters can kick with their feet and hit each other with their elbows and knees. Of course they hit with their hands too. Each round is 3 minutes long. Then the boxers have a 2-minute rest. Most boxers can fight only five rounds because this kind of fighting is very difficult. Thai boxing began over 500 years ago. If a soldier lost his weapons in a battle. he needed to fight with just his body. The soldiers learned how to use all the parts of their body. In 1560, the Burmese army captured Naresuen, the King of ‘Thailand, in a war. King Naresuen was a very good boxer. He won his freedom from Burma by defeating all the best Burmese fighters. When he returned to Thailand, his people were very proud. of him. Thai boxing became a popular sport. competitio bend down on the knees cs hit with the feet the part of the arm that bends 227FACTS ANI} FIGURES A. Vocabulary gloves match kick proud round ‘weapons. captured knocks out. kneel elbows. battle freedom copies pray flutes drums 1 The boxers hit each other until one the other 2. The boxing begins with music from and 3. In Thai boxing, the fighters can with their feet and hit each other with their and knees. 4. Two fighters wear boxing on their hands. 5. Ifa soldier lost his ina ; he needed to fight with just his body. ‘ 6 He won his from Burma by defeating all the best Burmese fighters. 7 Wtis calleda : 8. Then the two fighters and to God 9. In 1560, the Burmese army Naresuen, the King of Thailand in a war. 10. When he returned to Thailand, his people were very of him. B. Vocabulary (new context) 228 match copies kneel weapons freedom drums flutes knock captured pray elbows boxers gloves kick battles proud It is cold today. You should wear * and a hat Many people of the world make music with and There is a tennis on television tomorrow afternoon. You have to down when you pick up something on the floor.UNUSUAL SPORTS 5. The scientists a dolphin so they could study it 6 Your knees are part of your legs. Your are part of your arms. 7. Religious people every day. 8. Nadia got a good grade on her quiz. She is of herself. 9. In soccer you can the ball. In basketball you can throw it : 10. Most countries in the world spend too much money on for the army. 11. There are terrible in a war. 12 Kenya was a British colony. It won its in 1953, C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same Column A Column B 1. raw a. akindof bread 2. caffeine b. anything 3 object ¢. the sister ofa prince 4. distance d. the brother ofa princess 5. revolution e. not cooked 6. Equator f. war 7. whatever g. finished 8. princess h. free 9. independent i. something in coffee and tea 10. over j weather Li. roll k. dip 12. prince L thing. 13. climate m. how far n. leak 0. line around the middle of the earth D. Questions 1. What do boxers wear on their hands? 2. What is one part of a fight called? 3 How does a Thai boxing match begin? 4. What do the boxers do before they start fighting ?FACTS AND FIGURES 5. Why do they do a slow dance? 6. How is Thai boxing different from other boxing? 7. What is the length of a round in Thai boxing? 8. Why did Thai soldiers learn to box? 9. How did King Naresuen win his freedom? 10. How did his people feel about this? 11. Is boxing safe or dangerous? Why? *12. Is Thai boxing safer or more dangerous than other boxing? Why? E. Comprehension 1 Most boxing begins with a a. bell c. flute b drum d. bande 2. Thai boxers don’t hit with their : a hands ¢. knees: b. elbows d. heads 3. Thai boxers before the fight. a. grind ©. pray D. knock out 4. capture 4 They pray on their a. elbows c. hands b backs d. knees 5. Thai boxing began @. aS a sport c. in the army b. in the navy d. as a dance 6 made Thai boxing a popular sport. a. A Burmese ¢ A soldier oan b. A king d. The armyUNUSUAL. SPORTS. 7. ‘The king’s people were . a, proud of him ©. defeated b, royalty 4. captured F. Main Idea 1. Thai boxing has music before the match. 2. Most Thai boxers can fight only a short time. 3, Thai boxing is different from other boxing.CURLING Curling is a popular sport in Canada. How- ever, it probably started in Scotland or Holland around three hundred years ago. ‘There are two teams with four people on each team in curling. The teams play on a sheet of ice that is 45 meters long and 4.3 meters wide. Each player slides two heavy stones toward the “house” circle at the opposite end of the ice sheet. The stones weigh almost twenty kilos. Each stoneisflaton the topand bottomand hasahandle on the top. The player uses the handle tw slide the stone. The player swings the stone off the ice and it curls or curves as it slides along It does not go ina straight line. While one player throws the stone, his team- mates sweep in front of the stone. This smooths the ioe. The players believe that the stone travels faster on smooth ice, and it can go farther. The cap- tain of the team yells “Sweep! and the teammates start sweeping the ice. Usually people sweep the floor or the side- walk with a broom. They don’t sweep ag a sport. ‘Curling is an unusual game. Straight _line a time captain = leader / yells = says JoudlyUNUSUAL SPORTS. A. Vocabulary sweep teammates handle curling yells smooths flat. sidewalk straight swings captain curves: lL is a popular sport in Canada. 2. The player the stone off the ice, and it curls or as it slides along. 3. Usually people sweep the floor or the . 4, Each stone is on the top and bottom and has a on the top. 5. His teammates in front of the stone. 7. The captain of the team "Sweep!" and the teammates start sweeping the ice 3. This the ice. B, Vocabulary (new context) curly straight sweep yelled sidewalk teammates captain flat handle smooth swing curves 1. When Gary saw his friend down the street, he to him 2. Pam's hair is wavy, Ruth’s hair is , and Keiko’s hair is 3. Silk is a “__ kind of cloth. 4. Mrs. White is going to cut the grass and the in front of her house. 5. Children like to in the swings at our park. 6 A suitcase has a on it. This makes it easy to carry. 7. You must drive carefully when there are a lot of in the road. 8. Every ship has a 9. The top of a desk or table is 233FACTS AND FIGURES (. Vocabulary Review we Pas a oa n 42. already pepper nuts either footprints pilot seems would folded tribe system decide cubes metric kicked gloves Please pass me the salt and What is the temperature? It. cold today. You can write with a ballpoint pen or a pencil. There were wet, on the floor near the shower. The dancers their feet into the air. The boys were eating popcorn and and drinking cans of Coke while they watched television. Each Arab has its own name. Glen his clothes after he tok them out of the dryer. Bob can't what to cook for dinner. He doesn’t knee what to onok. you like t go out. to dinner tonight? Some people buy sugar for their coffee The uses meters and grams. D. Questions See 234 Where is curling popular? Did Canadians imvent this game? How many people play curiing at one time? Do Canadians play this game in summer? How do the players slide the stones? Why is this game calied curling? Why do the players sweep the ice? When does the captain of the team yell “Sweep!"?SLAI, SPORTS E, Comprehension: True/False *1. Either the Seots or Dutch invented curling. *2, Canadians play curling all year round. 3. They play curling on a sheet of ice. 4. They play it with a ball 5. The players throw small stones “6. There are several sports where players slide stones on the ice. 7. Sweeping the ice makes it smooth. *8, The stones slide faster on smooth ice. 9. Team members sweep the ice to clean it. F. Main idea 1. Canadians invented and play the unusual game of curling. 2. Curling ptayers aweep and slide stones on the ice. 3. Curling is an unusual game that Canadians playLACROSSE Lacrosse is another popular sport in Canada. It is one of the oldest organized sports in America. The Indians in northern New York State and southern Ontario, Canada, invented it, They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seventy meterslong. Ateach end of the field there is a goal. The goal is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has astick called a “erosse". The players hit a bal] that is 21 cen- timeters around and weighs 140 grams. They try to hit the ball inve the netas many times as possible. Lacrosse isa very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks Atone time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. It ie also popular in Britain and Australia 236 practice very fastUNUSUAL SPORTS A.Vocabulary arrived national train high speed oldest. seventy goal lacrosse net stick field pass 1. At one time lacrosse was the summer sport in Canada 2. At each end of the field there is a 3. is another popular sport in Canada 4, Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and the ball at a with their sticks. 5. They used it to for war. 6. The lacrosse is seventy meters long. 7. The goal is a B. Vorabulary (new context) on wn training goal national speed passed field net passed ‘The basketball player the bali to his teammate. The teammate made a basket. New fire fighters get in how to fight fires In volleyball. the teams hit the ball back and forth across the What is the of light? How fast does light travel? Each country has a flag. The British, French, and American flags are red, white, and blue. A soccer has a at each end. 237FACTS AND FIGURES C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same. Cotumn A Column B 1. over 4. competition 2. battle b. independence 3. dozen ec. thing 4. wherever d. before 5. match e. take 6, object f. flute 7. accept g. fighting 8. freedom h. pray 9. row i. finished 10. receive j. anywhere 11 pres k. line 12. adult 1 twelve m. get n. grownup D. Questions 1. Who invented lacrosse? How is lacrosse like Thai boxing? What countries play lacrosse? How many goals are there? Huw many players are on each team? What does each player have? What do the players try w do? « w mB am Why is lacrosse a fast game? . Why don’t they play lacrosse in winter in Canada? What is an organized sport? e368 E. Comprehension 1. Lacrosse was the national summer sport in a. Canada © Australia ». England 4. New York State 238UNUSUAL SPORTS 2. invented lacrosse. a. Columbus c. Canadians b. Indians d@. A team 3. The Indians invented lacrosse to for war. a. fight ©. train b. pass a hang 4. People play lacrosse aon a field c. on a sheet of ice b. in a stadium d. indoors "5 people play in a lacrosse game. a. Bight ©. Fifteen b. Twenty d. Thirty 6. The players . a. hit a ball with a stick ¢. swing and then slide a stone b. hit each other d kick a ball 7. The players catch and pass the ball very a. quickly c. slowly b. heavily . d. yearly *8, is the national sport of the United States. a. Soccer c. Basketball b. Boxing d. Baseball F. Main dea 1, The Indians invented lacrosse, a fast game that is popular in Canada. 2. Lacrosse is an outdoor game that is very fast. 3. In lacrosse, two teams use sticks to hit a ball. 9229SUMO Sumo wrestling is a national sport in Japan. Every year there are six tournaments, and mil- lions of Japanese watch them on television. A tournament is a series of matches. Sumo is almost as old as the nation of Japan itself, Stories say that there was cumo wrestling over 2,000 yeas ago. History says that there were national sumo tournaments in the eighth century. Usually athletes are thin and can move very 10 quickly. It 1s beautiful to watch them play. How- ever, sumo wrestlers weigh from 100 to 160 kilos. One famous wrestler weighed 195 kiles. Sumo wrestlers do not look beautiful and sumo wrestling isa very slow sport. 1; Sumo wrestlers start training when they are boys. They exercise to make their bodies strong. They also eat and eat and eat. Sumo wrestlers wrestle in a round ring with asand floor. A wrestler loses the match if he leaves. 20. the ring. He is also the loser if any part of his body except his feet touches the floor. Each wrestler tries to push the ether down on the floor or out of the ring. Sometimes one wrestler just steps aside when the other wrestler rushes toward him. Then that wrestler fails down or fails out of the ring. People from other countries usually think sumo is very strange, but the Japanese love it. Even young people find this traditional sport exciting. y one after another people who play sports well but aside = to the side hurries exciting # boringUNUSUAL SPORTS A. Vocabulary series sumo wrestling ring except steps exercise athletes exciting touches aside rushes tournaments 1. Sometimes one wrestler just when the other wrestler toward him. 2. A tournament isa of matches. 3. He is also the loser if any part of his bedy his feet the floor. 4, is a national sport in Japan. 5. Even young people find this traditional sport . 6 Usually are thin and can move very quickly. 7. Every year there are six , and millions of Japanese watch them on television. 8 Sumo wrestlers wrestle in a round with a sand floor. 9. They to make their bodies strong B. Vocabulary (new context) athletes wrestle rushed, exciting stepped tournament. except exercise series touch aside ring Sume is in a round Thai boxing is in asquare one. Only two peaple box or at the same time. Stan put his math homework . He said he would do it later. play basketball, lacrosse, volleyball, and many other kinds of sports. . Everyone Amaht is in class today. She is absent. What number is missing from this 23.6,12,15 ‘The students are organizing a ping pong Sign up if you want to play Marie from the Student Union to class because she was late. In older elevators you have to push a button to make the elevator go. Innew ones you just. the button. mad10. Oscar wid me some 11. Walking and running are good 12, John C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that are the opposite. FACTS AND FIGURES news. He won a scholarship. on a piece of paper that. was an the fluor. Column A Coiumn B 1 deliver a. later 2 capture b. stand up 3. straight c. international 4. death d. winner 5. brave 2. receive 6 laser f. goal 7. immediately : g. dead 8 alive h. let go 9 kneel i. curved 10 national J smooth k. afraid 1 life D. Questions 1, Where is sumo wrestling popular? 2. What is a tournament? 3. Is sumo an old sport? 4. How are sumo wrestlers different from other athletes? 3. How do sumo wrestlers train? 7. How does a sumo wrestler lose the match? *s. Is sumo exciting? 44. [sit good for a person to weigh 160 or 195 kilos? E. Comprehension 1. Every year there are ab bs 242 sumo tournaments. cc. 160 4. 195“UNUSUAL SPORTS says that there were sumo tournaments in the eighth century. a. A story c. History b. An athlete a. A wrestler Most athletes are _ a. hhavy . thin b, fat d. smooth Sumo wrestlers are a. straight ¢, thin b. fat d. smooth Sumo is a sport. a. fast c. comfortable b. slow d. silk Sumo wrestlers to make their bodies strong. a eat c. lose b. swing d. exercise Each wrestler tries to push the other - a, down on the floor c. into the air b. out of the ring daandb Japanese think that sumo is : a. exciting ¢. embarrassing b. boring d. pleasant F. Main Idea Sumo wrestling between two fat men is a popular traditional sport in Japan. 2. The sumo wrestling ring is round and has a eand floor. A sumo match is slow and the wrestiers are very fat.TARAHUMARA FOOT RACES ‘The Tarahumara Indians live in the mountains in the state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. This is an area of high mountains and deep tropical val- Jeys. It zometimes snows in the mountains in winter. ‘The Indians live in caves, or in wooden or stone houses. They have small farms. There are not many reads. Other Mexican Indians uses horses or donkeys for travel. The Tarahumaras walk wherever they 10 need to go. They carry heavy baskets on their backs. Perhaps this is why the Tarahumaras are excellent runners. They can run many kuometers without get- ting tired, and they like to organize races. When the men race, they kick a wooden bail 15 abead of them while they run. Before they start racing, they plan where and how long they will run. ‘They might run just a few minutes or they might run for severa) hours. Sometimes they run in teams and sometimes each person runs as an individual. 20 The women’s races are similar except that the women do not kick a ball. They throwa wooden hoop in front of chem with astick. A hoop is a ringor circle. ‘The Tarahumaras have other gamesand sports. ‘They even play a kind of lacrosse. However, the 25 Tarahumarasare famous because theycan run so fast and so far wt low aseas between racuntains wherever = anywhere very good Tuning cormpetitiens in front one person almost the sameUNUSUAL SPORTS: A. Vocabulary excellent ahead runners wherever hoop ring valleys donkeys backs similar races individual 1.” Other Mexican Indians use horses or for travel. 2, When the men race, they kick a wooden ball of them while they run. 3. This is an erea of high mountains and deep tropical : 4. Perhaps this is why the Tarahumaras are runners. 5. They carry heavy baskets on their : 6. The women’s races are except that the women do not kick a ball. 7. They can run many kilometers without getting tired, and they like to organize 8 They throw a wooden 9 A hoop isa or circle. in front of them with a stick. 10. Sometimes they run in teams and sometimes each pereon runs as an ll. ‘The Tarahumaras walk they need to go. B. Vocabulary (new context) ring valley similar donkeys individually hacks ahead wherever runners exesllent caves: races 4. Some people like to go to car or horse 2. Mary likes jewelry. Yesterday she bought a gold 3. The kiwi and tern are both birds, but they are not . 4. can carry a lot on their , but sometimes they are lazy. 5. As Betty and Pat drove along the highway, they could see beautiful mountains of them. 6 A is a low area between two mountains 7. Sometimes students answer questions in a group. and sometimes they answer 2458 Masako is an student. She always gets good grades 9. You will find English speakers you go C. Vocabulary Review weapon drum. proud elbow handle swept yell fields net speeding touch athletes excited series exercise except 1. Helen the floor after she washed the dishes. 2. Some people fish with a hook and line. Others use a fish . 3. Mr. and Mrs. Black have several of corn on their farm. 4. You can open the desk drawer by pulling on the 5. There are from several countries in the competition for the world cup. 6. The children were when they went to Disneylend. 7. Tt is important to eat good food and get lots of 9. Do all of the exercises the last one. Don’t do that one. ‘10. ‘The first unit in this book has a of lessons on animals. 11. The police stopped me because | was D. Questions > 1. Where do the Tarahumaras live? 2, What is the land like there? . 3. Does it ever snow? 4. Where do they get their food? 5. How do they travel? 6. How do most Mexican Indians travel? 7. Describe how the men race. 8.+ Do they always run in teams? 9. How is a women’s race different from a men’s race? 10. What is a hoop? *11. Whyare the Tarahumaras excellent runners? out FACTS AND FIGURESUNUSUAL SPORTS E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information. 1. Chihuahua is a state in Mexico. 2. It is hot in the valleys where the Tarahumaras live. 3. They buy all their food in stores. 4. Some of these Indians live in caves. 5. They cook their food outdoors. - 7. The winners of the races receive money. 8. They usually race down the mountains. 9. The women kick a ball as they race. 10. The Tarahumaras are famous because they play lacrosse. F. Main Idea 1 The Tarahumas live in caves and wooden and stone houses in the state of Chihuahua in Mexico. 2. The Tarahumaras are excellent runners and can race for several hours without getting tired. 3. The Tarahumara women’s races are similar to the men’s. 27FACTS AND FICURES WORD STUDY A. Map Study 1 ‘These are the seven continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia. Austfulia, Europe. North America, and South America. Tell what continent these places are on Use the map on pages 260-261. a. Finland b. Egypt. c. France d. Senegal e. Argentina f. Korea g. Burma h. Mount Everest i Canada j. the South Pole What countries are these places in? Use the map on pages 260-261. a. Chihuahua b. Sarawak ce, Rome d. Hokkaido e, New Mexico 5B. Compound Words Make a compound word. Use a word from column A and a word from column B Sometimes you can make two words. f. Arizona g. Chicago ‘h. Ontario i. Mindanao j. Naples Column A Column B birth a mate 2. table b, how 3) day e. bell 4. bed d. cloth 5. grass e. light 6 summer f land T some g day 3. door h. time 9. team i, room 10. sun je rise 248UNUSLAT. SPORTS C. Word Forms Verb Noun Adjective 1 cube cubic 2. move movement. 3. ability able 4. free freedom free 5. dry dryer dry 6. nation national 7. excite excitement excited 8 think thought 9 run running runper . 10. please pleasure Diet pleased Put the correct word form in the blanks. Use a word front line 1 in sentence 1,-and so on. Use the right verb forms and singular and plural nouns. 1 2, on What is a . ? What does a gram of water weigh? A zipper up and down. Each opens or closes the hooks. A water spider has the to live underwater. It is to do this because it takes air bubbles with it. The Burmese captured Naresuen. He won his by boxing. Then he was - He returned to Thailand. You can your clothes in a clothes . When they are , take them out. Where are you from? What is your ? What does your flag look like? My cousin's family went to Disney World in Florida. The children were very -_ . They got tired from all the ‘ What are vou about? Is your family in your often? five kilometers every morning. He is a fast : ie good for him. This isa city. fam to be here, 249FACTS AND FIGURES D. Past Tense Review Write the past of these verbs. 1. step 6. speak LL. think 2. mix Tuy 12. grow 3. keop 8. meat 18. lose 4. lead 9. pay 14. drip 5. build 10. selt 18. end E. Irregular Verbs Memorize these verbs. Then use the past tense of each verb in a sentence. Simple Past Simple Past a. drive drove f slide slid b. sweep swept g. catch caught c. drink drank h. feel felt d. fly flew i. forget forgot e. hear heard jotun ran F. Context Clues Some words have more than one meaning. Decide what the word means in each sentence. 1. We saw a good show at the Student Union last night. The name of it was "Star Wars". a. look at ¢. movie b. let someone look at d. television program 2 We store our winter clothes in the garage during the summer. a. keep ¢. a place to buy something b. throw away : d. a place for a car 3. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast during the day. and they eat at night. They get very hungry during the day. a. quickly ¢. s00n b, don’t eat d. don’t be slow 250 -What is the date today? a. kind of fruit c. the day of the month b. aking of palm tree d. the name of the day David couldn’t see the soccer game yesterday. He had problems with his car When he arrived at the field. the game was all over. started ©. everywhere inished d. nowhere oe a Stan leaves for work at 7:15 every morning. a. goes to c, things that grow on trees b. jumps d. the opposite of dies You must sign your name on every check that you write. a the language for deaf people c. write b samething to tell drivers what to dod. read A pencil is very light. - a. the opposite of dark c. white b. the opposite of heavy 2 new 261PHAN DICH VA CHU GIAI - DU’ KIEN VA SO LIEUBON VI 1 VAT orn » CHIM KIWI Chim kiwi chi sng 4 New Zealand. Né la mét loai chim ky la vi n6 khong bay duge. Chim kiwi lén bang c¢ con ga. Né khong cd canh hoac dudi. Né khéng 06 long a nhu nhtmg leai chim kh4c. Né 6 long trén oo thé. Méi chan e6 bin ngén. Mo rét dai. . Chim kiwi thich 6 nhigu cay ofi xung quanh né. Né ngi ban ngay vi anh sang mét trdi Lum tén thuong mt. No co thé dinh hoi bing mii. No 14 loai chim duy nhat trén thé gi¢i biét danh hoi. Trimg cia chim kiwi rat lon. NeAy nay chi cbn mdt 9 it chim kiwi & New Zealand. Ngubi ta khong bao git thay ching. Chinh pha c&im gidt chim kiwi. Nguvi New Zealand muén chim kiwi song. * Co hinh chim kiwi trén tién cia New Zealand. Nguisi New Zealand doi khi duge goi la kiwi. A D_ during / hurts 5) wings / tail 9) size 2) strange / fly 6) kiwi / only 3) government 7) feathers 4) smell 8) beak k - L) kiwi 5) smells 9) strange 2) feathers 6) hurts 10) only 3) government 7) tail 11) size 4) fly / wings 8) beak 12) during Cc. 1) It lives only in New Zealand. 2) It is a very strange bird." 3) It is the same size as a chicken. ORF4) No, it doesn't. ° 5) No, it doesn’t. 6) It has eight toes. 7) It sleeps during the day 8) No, they can’t. 9) Because the government forbids them to kill kiwis. 10} Because the kiwi lives only in New Zealand. or: To remind everyone to protect the kiwi. D. 1F 2F 3F 4T SF 6T TF E. 2 LAC BA Lac da cé thé nhin khat mét thdi gian dai. Mot 98 ngudi nghi né dy tra nude trong cai budu. Didu nay khong dang. No du trot thie an trong bugu. Co thé lac da bién 43i thie an thanh md. Sau dé né du trit mé trong buéu. Né khong thé dy trit id kkhap cd thé. Mé bao boc khip oo thé dong vat lam né néng. Lac a8 stng & sa mac. Ban ngay né khong muén bj néng. Sa mac rét néng. Ban ngdy lec da cang hic cang néng hon. N6 dy trit atte néng nay trong cg thé vi ban dem mat. Lac da A Rap cé mét budu. Lae 4a Bactrian 8 Trung A o6 2 budu. Né cing od long day, dai vi mata dong 6 Trung A lanh. G sa mac 6 nhieu cat. Lee da 0b Jong mi dai. Cét khong vio mat lee da duge Tiéng A Rap o6 khoang 150 tir dé mé ta lac da. Ngudi A Rap cn tit cd nhimg tir nay vi lac da r&t quan trong déi véi ho. AL 1) about / describe 5) desert 2) camel 6) also / thick 3) eyelashes 7) allover 4) stores / hump 8) heat / cool. 256.11 store 7s desert 2) cool / also 8) thick 3) describe 9) heat. 4) all over 20) camels 5) hump 1L about 6) eyelashes. c. 1) They live in the desert. 2) It stores fat in its hump. 3) Because it doesn’t want to be warm during the day. 4) Because the nights are cool 5) The Arabian has one hump. The Bactrian camel of Central Asia has two. 6) Because the winters are cold in Central Asia. 7) To keep the sand from going into its eyes. 8) Because the camel is very important to them. D. Ib 2 3a 4c Be E. GAu BAC Cuc Gau bac cue la loai giu trang rat kin. Chung ta goi tan nhu vay vi nd song ben trong vong cung Bae eyc gin Bae cyte. N6é khong song ¢ Nam eve. Gau Bae eye sting trong tuyét va bang. O Bac cue chi 06 tuyét. bang va nude. Khong 06 dat. Ban khong thé thay gau Bac euc trong tuy&t vi né 06 long trang vang. N6 cb bd long Sm Ap vi thai tiét Bde cute lanh léo. Con giiu nay dai ba mét vA can nang 450 Kilo. Né o6 thé dimg trén hai chan sau vi né 06 ban chan rng. No e6 thé ding hai chin truée nhu tay. No boi rt gidi NO c6 thé boi ra xa ba 120 km. N6 bat ca va dong vat bién. Khi sg hai né nhay xudng bién. Nguoi ta thich git giv Bac eye dé iy bo long trang dep. Chinh phu Canada, My va Lien x0 cam giét gau Bac cue. Ho khdng mudn tét ca nhtmg vat dep nay tayét chung 2571) snow / ice 6) swim 2) bear 7) north 3) afraid 8) catches 4) warm 9) weighs 5) south 10) wide ~ B. bears 6) south 2) weigh 1) snow 3) warm 8) ice 4) afraid 9) North 5) swim 10) wide 11) catch c. stores heat in its body C eyelashes C hump C beak K big eggs K desert C goes without water C hair on its body C, K long thick hair C D. 1) Because if lives ineide the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. 2) Because ita coat is yellow-white like snow, . 3) Because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle. 4) It weighs 450 Kilos 5) It eats fish and ea animals. 6) It goes into the sea when it is afraid. 7) For its beautiful white coat. 8) They say that no one can kill polar bears now 9) No, it can’t. ° 10) Because there are no vegetables and fruit at the North Pole. E. le 2d 3a 4e Sa be F. 3 258Bai 4 Ha mA sdng 6 ving néng & Phi chau. Né la dong vat o6 vi. Nghia la, né dé con va cho con bi. Ha ma 12 mot dong vat lén. Can nang 4 t&n. Da day dai 7 mét, nhung ha ma chi an thye vat. Né la dng vat of vG, nhung hau hét thai gian né & dudi nus. Ban ngay né nga & canh sdng hodc Ka. Bdi khi né thite day. Sau dé né xving duéi nude tim an thuc vat. Né oé thé déng kin mai vA & dusi nude trong 10 phit. Tai, mét va mui ha ma nim cao trén dau. Né ob thé tram minh duéi nude va chi tai, mat va mui bén trén mat nude. Nhu vay né o6 thé hit thé khong khf. Ve dem ha mé di trén can tim kiém thuc an. N6 khong bao git’ di xa khéi ving nude, Ha mA con thubng dmg trén mg ha ma me. Con me tim thie an dudi nude, Ha ma con cu6i trén lung me bén trén mat nude. A 1) large 5) stay 2) beside / lake 6) above 3) mammal 7) breathe 4) stomach / plants 8) spends 9) high B. 1) mammal 6) spend / stays 2) stomach 7) above 3) breathe 8) lake 4) plants 9) large 5) beside 10) high cC. Ib 2 3a 4c 5a 6d D. 1) It lives in the hot part of Africa. 2) No, it isn’t. 3) It is 7 meters long. 4) No, it doesn’t. 5) To get. some plants for food. 6) It can close its nose. 7) No, it can’t. Because it is not a fish. It does not have gills. 2598) It walks on the land and looks for food. 9) It rides on its mother’s back. 20+ Yes, it is. E. 1T 2Ni 3F 4NI SF 6F 7NI F. : 1 Bai 5 CA HEO Cé heo néi duge khong? C6 | ching khang néi bang tir ngi, nhumg bang an thanh. Ching dién ta cdm xtic bang am thanh. Ca heo boi theo nhém. Chung ta goi mat nhém ed heo JA dan ca. CA heo khong di hoc, nhimg ching bai cing nhau. C4 heo lA dong vat o6 wi, khong phai Ik ca, nhung ching boi thanh dan. C4 heo néi chuy8n véi nhau trong dan. Chung cung cap thong tin. Ching ké khi vui, buan hoac sg hai. Chung néi "Chao mimg” khi mét ca heo tro lai dan. Ching néi chuyén khi chung choi dua. Tren mat nude cA heo tao ra it am thanh. Dudi nude ca heo tao nhiéu am thanh hon. Ngusi ta khong nghe duge nhimng 4m thanh nay vi chting rat can. Cac nha khoa hoe ghi bang nhimg am thanh nay va nghién etu. ” DAL khi ngudi ta b&t c& heo cho mét hd cd. (Hé c4 1A si thu danh cho cA). Nguisi 1. eu “FA xem ed heo biéu dién. Ca heo khong thich & trong Hé xa cdéch dan cia ching. Ching b in va od don. C6 nhidu eu shuyén v8 cd heo. CA heo gitip ngubi. Dai khi cd heo etiu mang. Thit c heo ngon, ct mg ngubi ta khong thich giét chung. Ngubi ta noi ca heo dern lai hén Nhigu nya tin nhu vay. A 1) travel / group 6) show 2) save 7) Scientists 3) dophins 8) believe 4) aquarium 9) together 5) lonely 10) sounds 260B CG D. E. F. b dolphin 6) group 2) Jonely 7) believe 3) travel Ri Scientists 4) show 1 aquarium 5) rogethor 10) save VW sounds evelashes 1, 2 hump 1 wing i featner 1 tal} beak 1 hose {. 2 arm 12 leg 1.2 stumach 1,2 hand 1, 2 eyes 1,2 1) Yes, they can talk with seunde, 2) Iisa group of dolphins traveling together. 3) They talk about their feelings. 4) They say "Wetcome” when a dolphin comes back to the schoci. 5) They make more sounds underwater. 6) No, they can’t. Because dolphin sounds are very, very high. 7 Tt feats sad and lonely. 4) Maybe not. 91 - Dolphins can’t breathe underwater, but fish can. ~ Fish have gills, but dolphins don't. - Dolphin bahies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother’s body Fish lay eggs. Te 24 3 4d 5b Ge Zz10) Dn 2) 3) 4) 5 lb WORD STUDY its 6) their her Ty their my 8) his their 9) our your 10) its A polar bear catches fish and eats them. They usually fly home. [have a beautiful plant in my living room. People like dolphin shows. We travel only in the summer. A dolphin plays in the water. ‘They go swimming.in a lake in summer. ‘Tom usually finishes his work early. A mammal is born alive. Ann and Bill do their homework in the afternoon. stranger than 6) thicker than D hotter than 8) warmer than “9) larger than 10) 2a 3c 4a 5d 6b %b taller than fatter than. younger than colder than smaller than 9d 1Ca lla 12d 18¢ 14aBON Vi 2 THE NAO? TAI SAO? TAI SAO THANG MAY QUAN TRONG ? Thang may that ky digu. No that su chi la mot phong nhd. Phong thuing & nguyén mot chd, Thang may chay Jén va xutng suét nghy. Doi khi mot cdng nhan img trong thang méy. Anh ta hodc chi ta didu khién cho thang lén va xudng. Thang may hién dai khing 06 cing nhan. Nguii ta bude vio. Ho bigt muén lén tang may. Ho nh&n mit va thang may toi fang ho muon. R&t nhanh chong va dé dang. Thang may rat quan trong di véi ching ta. Tai sao? Hay nghi tdi mdt cao dc. C6 le n6 6 20 tang. Co le 50 fang hodc hon. Ai o6 thé di bd lan due ngan dy tang? Co 1é nguii ta leo mot fan duse. C6 ai 46 leo duye 30 tang lan van phong méi ngay hing? Tré om o6 thé lan can hd cia ching fing thi 24 khong? Ba me ching di bd, x4ch thie an 06 leo néi ngan fy tang khong? Tat nhién khong. Chting ta ¢6 nhimng cao éc vi chting ta o6 thang may. TAt ca cdc eao éc khong thé ton tai néu khong cd thang may. Thang may that tuyét vbi. A 1) stairs 5) climb 2) elevator / wonderful 6) button 3) carry 7) modern 4) really 8) could B. 1) modern 5) really 2) stairs 6) buttons 3) elevator 7) climb 4) carry 8) wonderful 9) could Cc 1) describe 4) all over 7) jonely 2) scientists 5) save 8) together 3) beside 6) believe 9) aquarium 10) cooler 2632 3) nv 6) It is really a small room Rooms usually stay in one place, but an elevator travels up and down ail day long. No. he doesn’t. They push buttons. Of course not. Because we have elevators. 2c 38d 4b ba Bai 2 TAI SAO BIEN MAN ? C6 rat nhiéu mudi trén tréi dat va mudi haa tan hoan toan trong nude. Cé mudi 6 trong nude, Nuée @ trén dit Hen chay vio song va Ho. Song chay ra hién va dai duong. Song dem theo mt {t mudi. Mdt phan nude bién chuyén vao khong khi va may. Né bac hoi. Mudi khéng bc hoi, No @ lai dai dung. Nude bién of nhiéu mudi hen nutic song. Nuéc bién of 3.5% mudi. Mot sf bidn 6 nhidu mudi hon bién khae. Mot. sé ha khong of song dé dem mudi vA nude di. Mat phan nude bic hoi nhimg mudi thi khang. Nhimg ho nay rat man. Cé hai hd néi tigng nhu vay. Dé la Bién Chét d ving ‘Trung Dong va Ho NuSe Man Lén 6 tigu bang Utah 4 Hoa Ky. Ching man hon nhiéu so véi Dai tay duong va Thai binh duong. A by 2 3 b 2) 3) 4 264 percent 4) famous salt /earth / mixes 5) oceans leaves 6) moves / clouds 7) evaporates leave 5) mix earth / moves 6} evaporates salt 7) Ocean famous 8) clouds 9) percentLb university 4) together 7) thick 2: take 5) kiwi 8) saltier 3} car 6) carry D. 1) It mixes very well with water. 2) Yes, there is, 31 Tt goes into the seas and oceans. 4) It goes into the air und clouds. 5) It doesn’t go anywhere. It stays in the ocean. 6) Oveans have move salt than rivers. 7) Because they do not have a rivers to carry the water and salt away. 8) They are the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. 9) It isa state in the United States. , 10) The Dead Sea is. 11) No, there aren’t. B 1T. oT 3T, 47. SF. 6F. 7F. 8F. 9ST Bai_3 THUC VAT GIET BANG CACH NAO? Con nguii gigt. Dong vat giét. Dong vat va ngudi gidt dé ity thue an hoae gist ke tha. Con ngubi va dong vat 06 thé di chuy&n va tim giét. Chung 06 thé trén chay keé thi. Chung 06 thé giét ke tha néu can. Nhiéu loai dong vat an thuc vat. Thyuc vat khong chay tréin dugc. Mot. 9 loai cay tao ra chat doc. Néu dong vat dn cAy. né sé benh hoac chét. Bong vat biét phai tranh xa nhig cay nay. Cé nhiéu loai cay tao ra chAt doc. Hau hét moc @ sa mac hoae ving nhiét déi Ney nay cde ndng dan sit dung nhiau loai dde chat trén trang trai cia ho. Hau hat nhimg doe chit nay 06 tir diu mo.nhung dau thi m&c, Céc nha khoa hoc thu thap nhtmg loai thue vat déc vA nghien cu. C6 le nong dan cd thé su dung doe chat ré tién ngudn goe thue vat thay vi déc chat dat tien tir dau mo. 265266 b 2 3) 4 Lb 2) 3) 4D 5 1d 2h n 2 3) 4 5) 6) yD 8 » kinds enemies farmers / farms collect farm / farmers expensive if tropics instead of 3 5b OT 4e 6m 8g 9k 10c 11f 5) 6) n 8) 9 6) 8 9) 10) 1b poison cheap / instead of grow / tropics if expensive collect poisons enemies kind cheap grow They kill for food or they kill their enemies. No, they can’t. They make poison. Ie gets sick or dies ‘They learn to stay away from these plants. Most of them grow in the desert or in the tropics. To kill harmful insects. They come from petroleum. ‘To make cheap poison from plants. lb, 2a, 3a, 4b, 5c, 6c, 7d, 8a LLAM THE NAO CHUNG TA co BUDT TRANG TRAI NGOAI BIEN? Nong dan trong cay va nudi gia suc d trang trai cua ho. Cé thé od trang trai ngoai bién khong? 6 nhitu nude ngudi ta nudi cA nude ngot tit trimg. Ho chuyén ca vao hid va sing. C4 sinh ong va phat trién tai 46. Ngudi ta bat cd G tai Hd va song nay. Ho thich bat cd vi cf IA thie an ngon. Hitn nay Nhat Ban nudi cf bién. Hau hit 1a cd dudi vang. Cong nhan nvdi 4 ‘tring. Méi [an che ca an, ho choi nhac piano. Ca biét rang nhae piano c6 nghia ja thitc an. Khi c4 con nho, nguii Nhat tha é bién gin by. Ca ty kim mot phan thuc an. Cong nhan cing cho c& an. Ho chai cing mot ban nhac. C4 di quen thude véi nhac nay. Né bei lai phia oS nhae va tim duse thie an. Vai thang sau eA lon. Ngwii Nhat choi cing ban nhac ay. Ca bol lai vA ofng nhin bat ching. Newsi Nhat thu hoach 15% hai san tit trang trai 4 bién. A Lsosmall 5) fresh 2) possible 6) enjoy 3) already 7) feed / piano music 41 toward 8) own B. 1) small 5) possible 9) feed 2) fresh 6) enjoy 10) own 3) already 7) piano 4) toward 8) music Cc. Id, 2. 3i, 4k, Se, 6b, 7%, 8, 9g 101 Db. Li Yes, it is. 2) Because they enjoy catching fish and fish is also good food 3) Japan does. 4) They play tapes of piano music. 2675) They learn piano music means foud 6) When the fish are small. the workers put them in the ocean, 7: When they teed the fish, they play the same piano music. Bi Bersuse the fish already know this miusic means food. 9) Toe catch the fish. 10) They get. about 15% Ll: Yes, they do. Kecause they jearn that piane music means food. 12) Because they give people toed kK i? 2F 3F 47. OF, 67. 7T, oF F. Bai_ 5 LAM SAO NGU®O1 BIEC NOI CHUYEN BUDC? Neuisi diév khong nghe dude Am thanh. Lam sao ho “nghe” duge tit ngtt va ndi vhavin? Nexisi dige sw dung ngon ngv difu higu My (ASL). Hy néi bang tay. Dai khi hai nguii dide néi chuyén wii nhau. Ca hai ding ASL. Dai khi mat nguii nghe duc thong teh cho nguéi diee. Anh ta hoac chi ta nghe ai dé noi. sau d6 ra dau hieu bang tay. Co hai lows ngon ngir déiu hidu cho mai cht cz trong hé thing mau tu. Ngubi wa danh van img ti. Day la danh van bang ngén tay, Loa ngbn ngu thir nai o6 dau hibu, che moi chu. Ce khoang 5.000 dau higu. Chung dién ta dong tt, su vat va y tuamg. Mor sé du higu rat d&. vi du nhuran, si va nha. Ban od thé nhin va hitu nghia, Nhimg du hidu kha khé hun. vi dy nhur sw, trimg ade tuin. Ai cting co thé hee ASL. H Ube biéy nguii tir nhime nude kha ¢ dung ciu hidu, khong phai tu ng do dé ho 6 ASL gin péng nhu khidu vu. Todn ed thé cing noi Neon ngir dau bieu My ta imal unt Héng tuvee dep. 208L 3 2 3 4) 1T. difficult star 6) whole each other 7) interprets both 8 so deaf 8 sm dance 10) ideas iden 3) each other wow deaf 6 both 40; whole interprets 7) stars LW) dance sign 8) difficult clouds 5) enjoy 9) already enemies 6) kind 10) expensive famous n if 11) cheaper tropics 8) evaporates 12) musie They talk with their hands. ‘The person hstens to someone talking, and then he or she makes hand signs There are 26 signs ‘There are about 5,000 Because you can see what they mean. Because they use signs, not words. Because the whole body talks. Because it helps deaf people tals to each 11 makes people from different countries unde and it alsa nd each ether, 2F. 31. 4NI 5F. 6F. 7F. 8N1 269LD 2 3 Ai St 6 D 8 9) 10) it 2) 3 4) Lb 2 3) u ay 270 WORD STUDY Is a large house expensive? Does Bill do his homework in the afternoon? Do rivers run toward ocean? Do people drink fresh water? Is Mary 4 good tennis player? Does Helen feed her cat every morning? Does David have his own ear? Does an elevator gp up and down? Are kiwis strange birds? Am I late? There is /It 5) ‘There are / They There are / They 6) There is /It There is ‘It 7) There are / They ‘There are ; They 8) There ie “It interpreter 4) speakers farmers 5) listener singer 6) player seafood 3) daytime 5) bedroom underline 4) stoplight 3a 5b Tb Ga Mle 13b 4a 6a &d 10b 12bBON VI 3 THUC VAT CAY CHA LA Cha 1a that tuyét di@u. Ngudi ta an cha la. Ho cho stic vat an cha 1A. Ho ding 14 va gb dé dumg nha.Ding gé dé déng thuyén.Ngudi ta dan gid tir 14 cha lA. Nhiing phan edn lai ela cay ding lam chat dot. Cha la 06 ngudn gic tir Trung Dong, CAch day 7000 nam, ngudi Siria va Ai cAp an cha la. Ho ve tranh cay cha I tren céc toa nha bang dé. Neay nay cha la moc 6 Trung Dong, nhing ving 6 Chau A va Chau Phi, Nam Chau Au va nhimg ving fin Ap khac tran thé gidi. C6 hon 100 loai cay dita. Hau hét khéng moc 6 Trung Dong vi qué khd han. Cay cha lA moe 3 46 rat tét. Céch day hang tram nam nhimg ngubi 6 Nam Chau Au va ce nude A Rap vé buc tranh cay va beng cha Ia trén nha cba ho, Ney nay ching ta 06 thé xem nhing bic tranh nay trong ede bao tang nghé thuft. Ngubi ta nghi ring cay cha 1a dep. Nedy xua ngubi ta cing nghi vay. A 1) art museums 5) burn 2) leaves / wood 6) ago 3) southern. 7) baskets 4) date palm 8) stone B. 1) leaves 6) museum 2) southern 7} basket 3) ago 8) store 4) burn 2) palm 5) wood 10) dates. 1 art an1) interpreter 5) weigh 9) each other 2) believe 6) heat 101 | whole 31 stars 7 sign Yi stomach 4) eouid 8) idea 12; dance be 1) They eat dates. They feed them to their animals. Thev use the wood te build boats. They make baskets from ther ieaves. They burn the ocher parts of the tree to cook food, 2) Wis date 3) it came from the Middie East. 4) They started to eat dates 7,000 year ago. ~ 5) There are more than 100 kinds of palm trees. 6) Because it is tow dry. 7) We can see them in art museums. 8: Berause they thought the palm tree was beautiful and wonderful 9) Because they iike the hot and dry weather there. EK Ib, da 3c, 4d, 5d. Gb. 7b, 8a F. CAY LUC BINH Hyacinth fhaidsint: ‘Ay lue binh moe o nhtmg nude nhiét déi. N6 06 bong xanh tim dep, nhung ai cimg ghét. Tai sao? Hang trigu trigu nhimg cAy nay moc @ song Hd. Dai khi cay phat trién day dac dén ndi ngubi ta 06 thé di tren ching. Nguai ta khong di thuyén duce va cung khong danh bat ca duge. Luc binh ngan khéng che nutic luw thong. Nhu vay nuéc dem theo niam bénk Nong din khong thé su dung nue cho dat cua ho. Hitn nay ede nba khoa hoc nghi ring luc binh of thé od ich. Day 1A loai cay tring tréf cho. Khong a phai cham séc ching. Chung cv moc va moc va moc. Nong dan 06 thé sit dung fae binh Bam gi? 272A. Mot sf loai ¢é thich an jue binh. Nong dan eé thé nudi nhimg loai ca nav trong séng ho. Cong nhan o6 thé thu gom va cat luc binh bing may Sau dé dem san xuit phan bon dé mia mang tét hon. Ho cung od the san xudt thite an gia sue. Co thé trong tuong lai sé san xuat khi mé-tan tao nang lugng. (Ching ta dot xang hoac khi dét tir dau mo dé Wy nang lugng. Khi mé-tan 06 ngudn gic tir thc vat). Nhu vay nhimg nude nghéo sé khong phai mua qué nhiéu dau mo mac tien. C6 ie trong tuong lai nguéi ta sé yeu gui cay luc binh thay vi ghét né. li 2 3 4) Dd 2) 2 4” 1h, Lb 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) iT, «wb (2) machines fertilizer / better methane gas “ energy hates crop 5) just disease 6) machines better 7: tertilizer so 8 hate 2d, 8. da, Bg. It grows in: tropical countries. 5 6) T 85 9) 95 10) 6k, 7b, 8, 9e, crop diseases become so water hyacinth just become energy 10h Because sonietimes the plants become so thick that people cannot travel by water, and they cannot fish. Moreover, the water carries diseases. This means that no one has to take care of them Nobody has to pay money for water hyacinths. They can make fertilizer and animal feed and methane gas from water hyacinths. They can also grow fish that like to eat hyacinths Methane gas comes from plants, but other gases come from petroleum. Because if they don’t have to buy expensive energy, they can save a lot of money to make their countries grow better. 27, 3F, 47, beij a deg ST, 6T. 7F,LUA GAO Khp thé gidi ngudi ta an goo cudt dai. Hang tritu ngubi 8 chau A Phi va Nam My an ggo sudt doi, C6 nguti Hau nhu khong an gi khac ngoai gao. Lud JA mot loa 03. C6 hon 7000 loai hia. Hau hét 1A lia nude. Nong dan trong lua ¢ nhieu nude ngay ca 6 phid nam Litn X6 va mien dong Uc. Khong ai biét ngudn gc cay Mia Mot 98 nha khoa hoc nghi né suit xt tir hai noi. Ho nghi rang mot loai lua moc 8 nam chau A cach day hang ngin nam. Cé ngudi 6 Trung Quic da vist v8 cy lua gan 5000 nim truéc. Mot loai nia o6 lé moc o Tay Phi. Cac nha khoa hge khée nghi lia zudt xt tir An DO va nguti An dem Ita din nhimg ving khac trén thé gidi. C6 hai céch chinh trong kia. Lua rly moc & dét hd. Hau hit 1A Ida nude, Nong dan & nhieu nuéc trong lua bang tay. Cach day hang trim nam nguifi ta cGng Jam vay. Ngty nay mbt sé nude da ait dung may méc dé trong Ida, Nong dan sit dung phan bon. Mat 88 obn tring la ké thit cua Nia. Nong dan phun thudc ditt ching. Neu ta air dung toan bd cay Ita, Ho lam thir an gia stic va dau gpo tir lia, Ho cing dan gid, b6 chéi, dat thAm, lam dép va Igp nha. Rom ding dé n&u com. A brooms / rugs / sandals / roofs 2) grass 6) insects 3) rice 6) probably / West 4) even 2) soil B. sandals 5) broom 9) West 2) rice 6) roof 10) probably 3) even 7) eastern 11 soil . 4) grass 8) insects 12) rug c. le, %, 3h, 4f, 5a, 6. 7k Si, 9b, 10d D. 1) Because rice is their traditional food or maybe in their area people grow rice only. 2) In Asian, African and South American countries. 3) It isa kind of grass. 4) There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. 3745) One is that rice came from southern Asia and West Africa. The other is that rice came from India 6) Upland means ‘drys, high land 7) To make their crups grow better 8+ Because they are too poor to buy machines. 9) They poison them 10) They make animal feed. rice oil, baskets. brooms, rugs. sandals and roofs for their houses. They use dry rive plants for cooking and for grewing mushrooms E. . 1T, 27. 3F, 4NI 5T. 6F. 7F, 8F. 9NI, 10T F. L CAM Moi ngubi déu thich cam. Cam ngpt va mong nutic. Chia thanh mui nén dé an. Cé toni cam khong hdt. Cé thi va day va ob thy vo meng. Cay cam dep. Né 06 nhiéu la xanh bong. Bong hea trang nha huong vi got ngao. Cay cam ra hoa két trai cing lie. Cach day 20 tritu nam dé of cay cam. Cam Koi dé nho, khong gidng bay gid Cay cam o6 [6 xudt xv tir Trung Quic. Nhigu loai cam dai moc o dé ngay nay. Ngubi ‘Trung Quéc bat dau trong cam khoang nam 2400 true Cong nguyén. Nén nghé thuat ‘Trung Quéc o6 nhimg bic tranh of dep v8 trai cam va cay cam. Nong dan 6 nhung min khac & chau A va Trung Dong hoc eich trong cam tit nguisi Trung Quéc. Sau dé ho day lai navi chau Au. Ngudi Tay Ran Nha tring eam «Tan thé gidi (Bac va Nam My). Ho dem cam dén ving Florida dau tign. Negi nay cam li cay tréng rat quan trong ¢ Florida. ‘Cam vita la trdi cay vita Ia mau sie. Mau cua trai cam dep dén néi trong tiéng Anh ching ta ding tén trai cam d@ chi mau sic. A 1) raise / around 4) wild 7) seeds 2) sweet, 5) sections 8) shiny 3) skin / thin 6) lovely * BC = Before Christ = Truéc cbng nguyén (Trude Chun gidng sinh). 275vb 2) 3 4) Db 2 3 4) D 2 3) 4) 5) 6 D 8) a 3 raise 5) wild 9 thin lovely . 6) sections 10) around seeds 7) shines skin 8) sweet east / weet 5) soil 9) museums become 8) diseases 10) sandals insects 7) even 11) better gress . 8) interpreter 12) roof Tt in sweet and juicy. It ia in sections. Sometimes it has no seeds. Its skin No, they don’t. Tt has a lot of shiny green leaves. The small white flowers smell very sweet. It has flowers and fruit at the same time. It probably came from China. Nobody does. : They learned from farmers in Asia and the Middle East. ‘The Spanish took orange trees to the United States. Tt describes a color. Because orange trees can’t grow in Saudi Arabia but dates grow there very well. le, a, 30, 40, Sa, 6b Bai 5 CAY GUAYULE Guayule /gwai’u:li/ Cao su rit quan trong trong thé giéi hin dai. Chang ta ding cao.su cho vo xe hoi, xe buyt, xe tdi, xe gin méy vA my bay. Chung ta ett dung ze tai lén va nhing may mée khée a8 xty dyng xa 1p. Ching 06 nhing banh cao su iin. «Cao su thién ohién 06 ngudn géc tix cay. Hu hit cao su thé giti due ein xulit & M& Lai, Indonesia va Thai Lan 4 Dong Nam A. Cining ta cing ein xufit cao eu tir dau mé. Logi‘cao su ny néng lan rit nhanh, chi ob thé wit dung cho mot vat logi v3 xe. “ogHifn nay cdc khoa hoc gia o6 thé ché tao cao su tit chy guayule. Cay dgi nay moc & min bic Mexico va Tay nam Hod Ky. N6 khéog cin hamng mun nhiiu. Né moc duyc 4 dit sa mec. Cao su tir cAy guayule gan gitng cao su tit cay cap au. Nguti da 43 4 Arizona dy djnh lap trang trai ting guayule. Ho bist nhitu ve canh tac trong sa mac. Cac nong trai s¢ str dung diit 6a mac cho’ cin va tao cng An vite lam. Nguti da dé nghi he cf thé kiém nhiu tién ti cao su guayule. Nhung nuéc sa mac nghto.& Phi chau cing c6 thé trong guayuls. Ngubi ta ob thé kiém tin ngay trén dit sa mac cita ho. Néu ho ean xuiit dune cao su. ho a khéng phai nhap khau cao su nita. A : 1) Natural 6) plan 2) tires / trucks / motorcycles 7) nearly 3) earn 8) Rubber 4) guayule ’ 9) jobs 5) highways : B. 1) earn 5) rubber 9) motorcyle 2) truck 6) plan 10) naturally 3) nearly D jobs 4) tire 8) highways c 1) water hyacinth 6) northern 2) cheaper 7 suger 3) burn 8) wild 4) cloud 3) machine 5) stone 10y insects DB. We use it for tirea for cara, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and airplanes Tt comes from trees. Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand grow most of the world’s rubber. Because it becomes hot very fast. Tt grows wild in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. _ ‘The land there is dry and poor. Indians are going to grow guayule on farms in Arizona. ‘The frams will give them jobe and money. Poor desert countries in Afrien could, Because they could earn money and they will not have to import rubber. Because there are a lot of cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and airplanes in the modern world,E F. 278 12) ia Because they are tropical trees. ‘Yes. they do. INL 2NI. 8T. 4F. 5NI * WORD STUDY 6T, NI, 8NI, 9F, 10T 1 * 1) ate . : 5) carried 2) planned. 6) thought 3) touk 7) came 4) was 8: taught 1) more expensive than 2) sweete han 3) better 4) thinner than iunches leaves roofs sandais knives days keys dresses D sunny / cloudy 2) juicy , 3) shiny 5) D 8) » 4) 5) 6) 9) became 101 grew 11) shopped 12) made 13) danced more difficult than smailer than more intelligent than more wonderful than farther than crops enemies eeeds tires families matches. aquariums libraries (or aquaria} snowy / icy windy saltyE. 1h, 2a 3d deo Bad, 7 8a, 9b, 1c. lia 12d. 18c, l4a BON VI 4 THUC AN UA CHU BAP RANG NO" Neuisi da do & Bac va Nam My an bap eich nay hang ngan nam, Cac nha khoa im dure mbt of trai bap d New Mexico, mot tiéu bang ¢ Hoa Ky. Ching da 06 ty 5600 nam. Nong dan 6 é biét cach trong bap nd trude khi ho tring nhimg loai hup khae. Neay nay nguin ta trong bip 6 Hoa Ky, Uo, Achentina, Nam phi va Nam chau Au. Bap 4 mét loai thye phim quan tro 2 d8i véi ngubi da 46. N6é cing quan trong Abi vai tan giéo cia he. Khi Columbus v& nhimg ngubi chau Au khéc dén Tan The Gidi, ho thily nhu vay. Khi ngubi da dé va ngudi Au td chute Ié Ta on fan dau tien, ho an bap né, Ngay nay 1 Ta on vin Ia ngay i quan trong ¢ Hoa Ky, nhimg ngusi ta khong an bap nd vao dip nay Nhiéu nguisi Au va da do dainh nhau. Khi chign tranh cham din, nguiti da do dem bap nd dén nhu mét diu hidu hda binh. Vio thap nién 20, nguii ta bat dau ban bp rang né ¢ rap chidu bong Neay nay bau hét rap xine « Hoa Ky o6 bin bap rang no. Bap rang nd va phum rat hop nhau, ‘Trong thé chin thi 2. binh link My day ngubi chau Au an bap rang no. Bip rang né 06 tt cho ban khéng? C6 chit Tuy nhign, 06 nguti cho vao bap nhidu mudi, bo hose dau thuc vat. An kiéu dé ngon nhung khong tot cho ban.9 religion 4) However 2) peace theaters 5) visited 8) tastes thankgiving 6) wars 9) holiday 10) soldiers / army religion 5) visit tastes 6) army / soldier However 7) War / peace theater 8) Thanksgiving / holiday job 5) earth 9) Fresh sections 6) evaporates 10) weighs plan TY stomach 11) musie natural 8) mixed 12) skin Tt came from North and South America. It was an important food for them and it was aleo important for their “religion. Boone it wo alsign of peaoe, They started selling popcorn in the 1920s. : ‘They started eating popcorn during the Second World War. They grow popcorn in the United States, Australia, Argentina, South Africa, and southern Europe. Yes, it is. It ian’t good for you when there is a lot of aalt and butter or vegetable oi] on it. They have cola drinks and ice cream cones with their popcorn at a movie theater. Because thay feel thirsty when they eat popcorn. ld, 2d, 3d, ° 4b, 5d, 60, 7b Bai 2 HAMBURGER Moi ngudi biét rang hamburger la mén an ‘nguei My ua thich. Tuy nhien! ngwen ” My hoc edch lam hamburger tir ngusi Buc. Neudi Bric hoc & Nga 280Vio thé Igy 18 ngubi Tartar tix Trung A vio nuste Nya va efe ving & chtu Au. Ho chién thing nguii Nes. Ho an mbt loai thit ging hamburger, nhung én ofng. Loai tht sting nay Ja thjt bd, cim, thit db hojc thjt ngya. Chiing bao lau nguti Nga bat dau tn loi thit aing nay. Nguti Due ¢ Hamburg vA nhtng thinh phé mitn bie khie hoc an loai thit nay tit ngudi Nga. Tuy nhian, ho thém muti, tiéu, mit qua tring sng, roi dem néu. Tit 1830 dén 1900 hang-ngkn ngwdi Duc di ev din Hoa Ky. He dem theo mén hamburger. Ngudi ta goi lA thjt hamburger. Nim 1904 3 Hoi chg Thé giéi 2 St. Louis (thinh pbS nim trén stag Mississippi), mot ngudi tir Texas bin thjt hamburger thinh binh cubn. Nhu véy ngubi ta o6 thé an bing tay, ging nbut an axing ufch, Bay 1A cdi hamburger thit ey Giu tite iting Joai ching ta an hidn nay. Negay nay mit 96 ngubi vin thich an thit bd ing. Ho gpi A "bd kiéu tartare". A 1) century 5) raw 2) popular 6) lamb / pepper 3) Soon 7) added / pepper 4) Fair / roll 8) won . B. 1) Lemb 4) goats D add 2) century 5) pepper 8) popular 3) hamburger 8) fairs 9) won or roll 10) raw 11) soon Cc. Uf, 2a, % 40, Se, 6h Tk, 8m, 9, 0b, 1lo, 12d, 191 D. 1) Germans taught Americans about hamburgers. 2) Germans learned from Russia” 3) It comes from Hamburg. 4) They came from Central Asia. 5) They ‘ate raw meat that was beef, lamb, goat meat, or horsemeat. 6) They added salt,pepper,a raw egg,and then cocked it. 7) Tiey called hamburgers hamburg steak at first. 8) In 1904. Because people could eat it with their hands 9} Yea, they do / No, they don't, 10) It took 7 centuries. 281E . IF, 2F. 3F, 4T. 51. GP. 71, 8F, OF, 10T KEO SINH GOM ‘Tai sao nguii ta thich nhai keo sinh gom? Cé nguéfi néi ho thich mii vi keo. Ngubi khite che rang ho es the nghi tot hon khi nhai keo. Mot's' ngwi nhai keo khi phaj lam cong viée budn chan. Nguisi khde-nhai keo khi ho lo ling. Keo cao su la hon hop nhieu thi. Trong nhieu nam eae’ cing ty keo san xudt kev cao su tifchicle. Chicle la mat loaj cao su thién nhidn ly-tir mot loai cay é Mexico vA Trung My. Ngay nay cae cong ty att dung plastic va cao su tit dau me thay vi chicle. Keo cao su phaé niém ban mi nhai duse. Mot chat. im miém gitt cho keo duge mim. Cong ty keo cao su san xudit chat lam miém rir dau thu vat. Mot chat lam ngot Achién cho keo c6 vj ngpt. Chat nay thutng JA dutng. Sau dé cong ty thém vao mat ‘Thomas Adams sin xuiit_keo cao su dau tién tif chicle vao nam 1836. Tuy nhién. keo can su khang phai méi 06. Nguisi Hy Lap da bist nhai keo tir mat loai cay tren 2000 nam truée. Ngubi da di Maya ¢ Mexico nhai chicle. Ngubi da dé & ving dong bic Hoa Ky day nguoi chau Au nhai mot loai keo tit cay moc 6 6. Neuiti ta san xufit keo can su bong béng vao nam 1928. Tre em thich théi bong bong voi leai keo nay. Mot sé sinh vien dai hoe cung thich A 1) bubble &) boring 9 nervous 2) soft 6) flavor 10} companies / chicle 3) chew gum 7) mixture ll blow 4) sweetener 8) softener B. 1) mixture 5! chew 9 Gum 2) flavor . 6) sweeten 10) nervous: 3) company Ti boring 1) soften 41 bubbles” 81 soft 12) blows c. ld. 2e. Sf, 4k, 5h, 6g, 7a, Bi, 9%, 101, 11n 282bh. 1) Because some like the taste, Others think better when they chew gum. Others chew it when they have sonw boring work to do. Others chow um when they are nervous. . 2) Maybe » Maybe not. 31 It is « natural gum from a tree in Mexiew and Central America. 4) Ne they don’t 51 They use piastic and rubber made from petroleum inatead of chicle 6; It keeps the gum soft. 7. It makes the gum sweet 8) They are plastic or rubber. a softener. a sweetener und the flavor. 9) They are: the Greeks, the Mayan Indians in Mexico and Indians in the northeastern United States. 10) Children and some university students. 11) No. it isn't. Because the sweetener in it is not good for your teeth. E 1b 2b. 3d, 4a, 5a, 6d. 7b. BH. Ge Bai_4 NUOC NGOT COLA VA KEM NON Cang ty Coca Cola sin xuit lai cola diu tien each nay 100 nam. Ngiy nay edng ty ban hang trigu chai va lon Coca Cola, Pepsi Cola va nhtmg lui vols khae mai ngay. Vi cola trong nude ngot xuit xu tir hat cola hay kola. Lac hor nay moe tren cay & nhide d6i. Hot kola ob chat eaphéin. Ca pha, tra va soedla cung co caphein. Caphéin lam che nguii ta lo Hing. Ngay nay e¢ Ina nude ngyt cola khong 66 caphdin. Cola va nhting laoi nuvie ngpt khae o} COs. Lani khi nay tan bot, Gang co nhisu dutmg trong nhimg thc ving nay. Mot s0 loai niwe: ngut dling duteng haa hoc thay vi duéng. C6 thé nhimg loai duémg héa hoc nay e6 hai chu vv the. Kem nén xudt xt tit Hoi ch The gidi St.Louis vao nam 1904, gidng nhu hamburger. Ban khéng thé an thit hamburger hoac kem bang tay. Nguisi ta kep thit hamburger vao banh eudn nhu thé o6 thé an bing tay. Tuung ty nhu bainh xang uych. Tuy nhién, kem ludn luon chay ra. Nguisi ta lam miéng lainh ngot thanh hinh non. Kem khong chay ra ngoai va cAm tay an dé dang. 283h 2) a 4) 5) 6) a 8) bottles / cans 5) dripped. artificial 6) caffeine either 7) dangerous nut 8) carbon dioxide * St. Louis = Saint Louis nhumg Louis St. = Louis Street nuts 4) carbon dioxide 7) bottles caffeine 5) artificial 8). drips dangerous 6) cans ~ 9) either peace 4) add 7) underline (a verb) tree 5) ingect or mixture airplane 6) fair (khong phii compound noun) 8) around 9) hamburger The Coca-Cola company made the first cola drinks. It comes from the cola or kola nute. They grow on trees in the tropics. They have caffeine in them. Tt means carbon dioxide. No, they aren't. Because they have a lot of sugar or artificial sweeteners. People can eat it with their hands. . Because the ice cream could not drip out. 1NI, 27, 3F, 4F, ST, GF, 7NI, 8T, 9NI 284 “Bi 5 BANH XANG UYCH, PIZZA ’ VA KHOAI CHIEN Xang ufch phé bién & nhieu nutc, Cai ton ky Ip nay xugt x tir dau? Ba tute Sandwich (1718-1792) la mdt ngu’i Anh. Ong thich danh bai. Mot dem, ida ong choi nhieu gid lien va d6i bung lm. Tuy nhitn, ong khong muén dimg van bai. Ong yeu cau tht nuimg kep gitm 2 lt banh mi. (Newt ta nuting thit*trong 1d cua cai bép.) Ong vim an vim choi. Ngubi ta iy tan dng dat cho loai thie An méi ny. Pizza la mén an quéc té khée. Cé 1 mot nguisi lam bénh phét minh ra pizza 4 Naples, nuée ¥. N6 khoang cing thdi véi oAi xing uych dau tién. Pizza nghia la "bénh’ trong titng ¥. Ngubi ta gpi “banh pizza” mpt thdi gian dai. Ngay nay ghi don gian IA pizza. Khoai chién 06 nguén géc 4 Saratoga Springs @ tiéu bang Nau Use, Vao nam | 1853 mot ngudi 6 mbt khéch san tai thanh pho dé muén khoai chien kiéu Phap. Tuy nhién, ng mun khoai that mong Ngwsi du bép xét nhimg Ist khoai that mong vA dem chién dau. Sau 46 anh ta réc muti lén. Chng beo lau moi ngudi deu ua thich. * Ngubi ta gpi mon Ihoai chien ‘nay a khoai chién kiéu Saratoga sutt mot thai gian » dai A. : 1) common 5) cards 2) roast 6) invented 3) international 7) game 4) while - 8) fried 9) bake / oven B. L) while 4) game D invent 2) baked 5) fry / roast /oven 8) common 3) cards 6) international c 1) boring 5) even 9) job 2) religion 6) skin 10) sections 3) Thanksgiving 7) around 11) museum 4) chew 8) pian 12) blow 285dD. 26 h 2 BT 4 a 61 7 lar by te idh b 2 a 4) a 6 a By a wi It means the Earl of sanduich was born in 1718 and died in 1792. Because he did not want ta stop his card game although’ he was hungry. They roast. meat in the oven of a stove. It prunabiy came from Naples. It nieans “pie’ in Ralian It is a cify in New York State. He cut very thin pieces of potatoes and fried them in oil. Then he put | salt on them. Because they came from Saratoga Springs. Because it is easy and convenient. In the eighteenth century. 27. 3F, 4F. 5T. 6F, 77, 8T. OF, 10F 3,13 te 515 5.6, 7.9.10, 14 (fh 4.6.9. 10,14 1.822, 15 tg) 6,9 2,14, 15 ch 12 * * * WORD STUDY Did Bell invent. the telephone? Did Indians eat popcorn thousands of yrars aga? Was their roast in the oven for 2 hours? Did Europeans and Indians fight wars with each other? Did Indian farmers raise popeorn? Did the cook frv some thin pieces of potato? Did a man sell hamburger at the St. Louis World's Fair? Did people first. make bubble gum in 1928? Were the soft. drinks in bottles and cans? Did our neighbor go to San Franciseo?b 2 2 4 cG of) 2 3) Ly tarae, planted <2 cook . cooks 3) taste ‘taste Ja, 2b. Sc, 4d. cong vite nay bY & vt) Bi A 5 6) 4 5} 6 five > wt theught sell 74) take were Lit eat pws : 12) came possiniy . uaily cheaply drink / drink work / worked / work feed / feed » Sc, 6c 7, 8a, 9c, 10d. Le BON VI 5 VAT enix 2) CON ONG BAT Con ong dat sing 6 tidu bang Kansas 6 Hoa Ky. Hom nay né rét ban. No dang lam td dé wimg. Khac voi Hau hét ede dong vat khdc. né su dung dung cu dé lam Hign gitr né dang dao 1d. No dao bing chan. Sau 66 né de tring. Roi né bay di. Con ong dt trd vé (8. Né dem theo mot con véi trimg. giun. No bd con giun vao I chung 287Bay git né che phi cai 15 bang cyc dé nhd. Né ip dat lan tran hon @4. Né kiém mot ope dé khée: N6é ding cyc dé nay lam dung oy diy dt xuding. N6 dem si tham nhieu dé va ding mi cue 48 diy dat xudng. NO dé 44 Iai 46. Trimg duge an toan. Con giun 86 lA thie an cho ong con. A b 2 3) B. bv 2 3) 4 CG » 2) 3) D. n 2) » 4) 5) 6) nD 8) » E. wm (2) 43) ‘4) 3) 6) MD 18) m F. digging / hole 4) worm 7) teat dirt 5) Unlike / tools 8) covering sand wasp 6) lays . wasp 5) tools 9) nest dig 6) lay 10) Unlike sand D dirty 11) Cover wormy 8) hole pepper 4) Raw D dangerous while‘ 5) caffeine 8) nearly either 6) cards / game 9) dripping 10) soon It is a state in the United States. Because she is building a nest for her eggs. ‘Unlike most animals, she is using tools to build her nest. She is digging a hole with her legs. Next she lays her eggs. She brings a worm to her nest. Because the worm will be food for the baby wasps. She is pushing down the dirt with a stone. Because the sand wasp covers her nest with dirt and stones. She digs a hole with her legs. She lays her eggs. She flies away to get a worm. She puts the worm in the hole. She covers the hole with a small stone. She puts dirt on top of the stone. She pushes the dirt down with a stone. She brings more stones to the nest. ‘The baby wasps will eat the worm.Bai 2 NHAN BIEN Bay gid IA mia hd & phia bic thé giéi. O oye be sudt nghy trbi sing. Mat trol khong bao git lan. Chim nhan bién dang dé tring trén dio ngoai khoi duyén hii Canada. Ching khong lam t6. Loai nhan bién khing xfy 13. . Trimg nim trén sft hode 44. Céc con chim truimg thinh bay vong quanh bin tron, Ching tao ra mbt edi dit chim: Ching ngfn khong cho dich tha dfn tring 4 ben duéi. Chning Bun vay trong $ tan. ~ Bay git la 14 tiln sau, Tét cd c&c con chim dé jon. Ching dang bay 18000 km ve huéng nam. Ching bay xuyén qua bao ya thoi tiét t6t cho dén chau Nam cyc. Trong khi bay v8 nam qua Théi Binh. Duong hode Dai Tay Duomg. Ching gap nhimg nhan bién khac tir B&e Au va chau Au. Hign gi IA mia dong 6 Canada. Tuy vay, ben trong Vong cung Nam eve & phia nam dia chu, 1A mita hd. Ngay o& vdo mia hé, trong Vong cung Nam eye khang bao git dm 4p va mat trdi khong bad giv lin. Nhan bién afng trén dao gin chau Nam cue, an of va céc dong vat bién nhd. Nhan bién khong thich thoi eit néng. Chung thich ban ngay hon bong dam. Hau nhw 10 théng trong nam ching bey xa dit lien. Doi khi ching bay hang ngan km ra kthdi dutmg bay dé 06 thé bay trén ving bign lanh. Ching thutng bay 40.000 km mot nam. Ching di chuyén nhitu hon bit ett dng vat nao khée trén thé giéi. Ching hubng ahitu git énh sing hon moi dong vat khéc. Ching thét sy 1A nhing con chim tuyet wii A 1) storms / reach 4) dark 2) sets 5) tern./ islands / coast 3) lying / rock 6) adult 2) below B 1) adult 4) reach “0 set 2) below 8) storm 8) rocky 3) coast 6) lying 9) dark 10) island c. te, 2m, Si, 4k, 6b, 61, 7, 8m, Of 10g, 11d, 13dD. 1) They are December. January, and February. 2) They are dune, duly, and August. 3: On tsiands off the coast of Canada. 41 To kvep enemies away from the eggs below. 51 14 weeks. 61 They are flying north. 7) They live on islands near Antarctica. #)) They eat fish and small sea animals. They like neither of them. ‘ 10) Te enjoy mare hours of daylight and cold weather. 11) They fly thousands of kilometers out of the way. 12) Because they travel more and have more hours of daylight thar any other animal in the world. E. . Ib, 2d, Gi 4d. Sc, 6c, Ja, 8b, Bai_3 CON LUO! Bay gis lA ban dém va con luti me dang di chuyén cham chap trén cay, No dang bxim van cay bing nhimg vutit khoe. (Dong vat 05 vudt. Con nguti o6 méng chan). No tree nguoc khi né di chuyén rat rat cham trén cdy. Mai git nd di duoc khoang nua km. . Con luti con bim trén hmg me. né. Ludi con cing treo nguye nua. Déi khi hii eon bam vas bung luis me. Con Iwai an la cay, N6 an trong khi né vin treo nguge. Tham chi hic ngu né cung treo nguye. Vudt con lui-rit khée. DSi khi con luéi vin bam dinh vao cay eau. Ishi chet Kho thay duse con luiti vi né trong nhu mgt phn cua cay. Cé nhing ey xanh rat nho nige trong bé long cia né. Con tring ting ating trong bd long cia né. Lassi me cham chap leo xudng dt. Bay git né di chuyén tham chf con cham hon. Gon lui khing vui khi & mat dat vi né di lai rit khé khan. Lat con hoan toa khong bit di 200Ludi sng ¢ Trung va Nam My. Chting néi ting vi hei, Tuy nin ching: hei mot phan vi chang od than nhidt rit thap. Ching cham ehap la didu wy nhién A 1; hanging upside down 6 fur 2) holding on / strong claws 7) sloth 3) lazy 8) atall 4) toenails 91 ground 5) low / temerture B. 1) hangs 5) at all 9 fur 2) ground 6) temperature 10) lazy 3) strong 7) toenails 1b low 4) hold on 8) upside down c. 1) canned 5) awalse 9) rolls 2) saving 6) changing / seat 10) nuts 3) rises 7) stars 11) knives; pepper 4) noise / dripping 8) bad D 1 It sleeps during the day 2) No. it’s hanging upside down from the tree. 3) Because its claws are very strong. 4) They are anignals’ nails, 5) She travels very slowly, about half a kilometer an hour. 6) It is holding on to the mother’s hack. 7) It is eating some of the leaves of the tree. 8) She sleeps upside down. 9) Because they look like part of the tree. 10) Very small green plants and insects. 1L) Because it is very difficult for sloths to walk. 12) No, it can’t. 13) They live in Central and South America. 14) No, they aren’t. They are slow partly because they have a very low body temperature. 15) - Yes it is. Because it looks like Part of the tree and it almost always keeps 4 strange position: upside down. ~ No, it isn’t. Because it is boring; too slow and lazy. E. IF. 27, 3F. 4F, ST, 6F 77. 87, OT. 10F, 11F4 CHAU CHAU Ching ta dang ngdi & mot ngoi lang 6 Tay Prhi va of hang trigu chau chéu trong khong kht, tran cay va cay trong. Ching an t&t o& thuc vat truée mat ching. Ching » an c& cdc cay hoang dai va toan bd cay trong. Ching di chuyén cham chap, nhiy hhoae bay. tit cay nay sang cay khdc. Dai khi gio dem ching di nhanh: chéng. Cir méi vai nam chau chau lai bay ra titsa mac. Ching di chuyén theo chiéu gié tir 15 dn 150 km mét ngay. Con chau chifu nhé. Can nang 06 60g. Tuy nhién chau chau 1A tai hoa vi-né khong bao git di mét minh. Cé thé cS 100 trigu con trong 2 kilomét vudng. MBi con in lung thie an gp di trong wong od thé mbi ngay. Hang ngan nguifi o6 thé chét d6i sau khi chau chéu bay qua mdt ving. Chau chéu an toan bé thuc vat va khong cdn thuc phim cho nguti. Chinh phi si dung méy bay 48 phun thud digt chau chau. Chau chiiu thutng suit hign 3 chau Phi. Céc nue 6 46 khong du tien mua may bay va thude digt chau chiu, Boi khi o6 chién tranh vA méy bay khong thé t6i nhimg nude lan ean 46 dit chau chéu, ‘Tai cao hang trigu chau chu dot ngbt ust hign tif sa mac? Tai sao ching xuat hign cach vai nam? Tai sao khdng la hang nam? Tai seo khéng phai Kic no eng ob chau chSu bay quanh trang trai? Chua ai gidi thich dupe. Ching ta khong thé giai quyét vin dé chau chu trit phi chung ta giai dip duo ofc edu hoi tren. A . 1) jumping 6) pass /area 2) appear 7) enough 3) terrible problem / alone 8) suddenly 4) sovie 9) quickly 5) locusts. 10) nearby B. L) solve 5) passed .9) quickly 2) alone 6) areas” 10) nearby 3) terrible 7) enough 1D problem 4) suddenly appeared 8) jumped 999ik, 2c, 3e, 41, 5h, 6b, 7g, 8d, 91, 10f LD We are sitting in a village in West Africa. 2) They are eating every plant in front of them. 3) They jump or fly from one plant to another. Sometimes the wind carries them along quickly. 4) They come from the desert. 5) They eat wild plants and farm crops. 6) It eate-120 grams of food every day. 7) They eat all the plants in an area, and there is no food for people. 8) They use airplanes to poison locusts. 9) Nobody knows the answer. td, 2a, 9c, 4b,. 5a, Gd, 7c : : 1 ai 5 CON NHEN NUGC Nhén tuong ty nhit cdn tring, nhumg né o6 8 chan va oo thé chia 2 phan. Né dt luoi hing to tir oa thé né. Nhimg loai nhin khde nhau dit lusi of hinh dang khAc nhau. Di nhién nhén phai od khong khf dé tho. Hom nay con nhin nutie rift ban. Né dang dy dinh dt lu6i-dudi nutc. Né khong thé dissi nude nhu c& duc. Do 46 né 6m theo mot bérig khong khf. N6 gitt bong khf sat than minh khi lan xudng nude. Cé nhing bing khf nhd trong bd long pho tren minh né. Bay git no dang det 1usi. Lui cé hinh dang cdi chutng. Lusi d4 hoan thanh xong, nhtmg vin chu hét vide. Né dang ddn nhing béng khf vao hii. Ciing lie né déy hét nue ra, Chang bao lau né cé mdt lusi to khé réo. N6 det lusi rat gidi. Nuse khéng thé vao duge efi lusi hinh chudng. Con nhén séng nhi ede bong khong kht trong vai thang. Hau hét cude dei nhén nute sing & day. No 6 in, ngi va lap gia dinh. 293Loai nhgn ky la nay chi sing @ chau Au va nhung ving @ chau A. No 18 loai nhén duy nhét song hau hét cube doi dus nude. A b 2 3 4 1b 2i 3 1) 2 3B 4 E. spins / web ; silk 5) shapes enter 6) yet spider 1 filling bell fill 4) shape 7 yet enter 5) bell 8) silk spiders 6) web 9) spinning temperature 5) island 9) sunset toenails 6) lower 10) coast dirty 7) Rocky 1) atall lazy 8) lying 12) tools Tt has 6 legs and 3 parts to its body. It has 8 legs and 2 parts to its body. It is like an insect. ‘We call it a web. A spider spins a web with silk from its body No, it can’t. She is planning to spin a web underwater. She is taking a bubble of air underwater with her. She is holding it close to her body. It has the shape of a bell. She is pushing out all the water in the web. She can live on the air bubbles for several months. She will spend most of her life in the web underwater. It is the only spider in ‘the world that lives most of ita life underwater. Neither of them can breathe underwater like a fish, but they both live underwater. 1NI], 2T, 3F, 4F, 5T, 6T, 7F, 8T, 9NI, 10F, 11F F. 1 294 *WORD STUDY A. 1) They are digging a canal to join the 2 seas. 2) The fans are jumping up and down excitedly. 3) We're sitting in a circle 4) The fan is not working very well 5) ‘They're planning the trip next week. 6) He's studying English at the moment. 7) We're iying in the sun 8) My mother is frying something delicious. 9) They are using a stick to open the door. 10) She’s carrying a lot of boxes. 8B. 1, a) She became the Prime Minister last year. b) We bought a lot of things for Tet. cr They fought against the locusts last week. 4) She brought me a new dictionary yesterday. e) Our team won the game last month. fi She found this apartment 2 months ago. g) He put too much gravy on that dish. h) He cut himself a few minutes ago. 2 ab saw et made i) got b) went f ate po came cl was / were g) thought ky grew di gave hp sold 1) taught m1 took 0) uncommon 3) unafraid 2) unkind / unpopular 4) unhurt D. 1: underwater 4) sunrise 7\ roommate 21 underline 5) springtime 8) seafood 41 sunlight 6) nearby 91 homework 10) cannot E. le, 2a, db, 4a, Sc, Ga 7d. 8b, 9a. 10d, Lila, 12dDON Vi 6 NHUNG NGUOI DANG CHU. ¥ TREN THE GIOI Bai) NGUO1 LAPPS O BAC AU Neuti Lapps afng ¢ Bie Na Uy, Thuy Dién, Phan Lan va Lien X0. Dan of chi kchoang 92.000 va Hau hit 06 cude sing hign dai doc bu bién hay trong rimg, Chi cé midt of ft git cude ating truy’n théng. Nhtng ngudi dan Laps mién ni {t oi nay due goi 1A dan du mue vi ho di chuyén tir nei nay qua noi khée cing bay tan Ibe cua ho. Cube sing cia ho khong khie gi 20 voi 1000 nam tuic. Mia dong tun Ide dao xuyén qua tuyét dé tim an thyc vat. Toi mia xuan cay o r&t khd va 6 nhigu cin tring. Khi d6 ngudi Lapps lta Bay tuan loc ra be bién. ‘Tilan Ide an lop 0d diy tai dé cho dén mita dong. Khi tuy8t roi day, ngubi Lapps va Bay tun loc Jai di chuyén cham chap ¥ lai noi cu tra mila dong. G d6 it tuyét hon. Nhimg ngubi dan du muc nay sdng trong léu vi ho di chuyén rét thutmg xuyén. Ho déng giy, may quan 4o ti da tuan Ide. Hp cfing mac y phyc truyén-thdng mau xanh va do. Ho di bd hodc truvt tuyét. Ho cing of xe trugt tuyét nia. Tuan Ige kéo xe trugt tuyét. Nhimg chuyén di kéo dai, thutmg vao mia bao, khién eude afng du myc rat kho khan. Ney cang 6 nhidu ngudi 6 lai lang trén bd bién. Dai khi ba me va cde con di xe hoi tham chong 4 noi tra dong. C6 lé trong tuong lai khong odn dan du muc Lappe. Nguii ta muén sing thoai mai. Tuy nhign, o6 1é ngudi Lapps 0 vin mic trang phuc truyen thong vao dip Ie. Ho 06 day cho l6p tré nhiing bai hat va truyén ob. Nguti ta khong muén quén truyén, thong. 908E. KF L) traditional 5) comfortable 9) skis 2) future 6) nomads / reindeer 10) less 3) deep 7 trip 11) tents 4) forests 8) sleds trip 4) sleds / ski 7) future +2) forests 5) tent. 8) traditional 3) deep 6) Nomads 9} comfortable 10) fewer ib 2f Sd 4h Sm 6 Tl 8 9k 10 1) They live in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Soviet Union. 2) No, only a few of them move. 3) Nomads are people that move from one place to another. 4) No, it doesn’t change very much. 5) They did through the snow to find plants for their food in winter. 6) Because the snow ia deep there. 7) Because they move so often. 8) They travel on foot, on skis or by sled. 9) The long tripe, often in stormy weather, make life hard for these nomads. 103 Because people want a comfortable life. 11) Because they think their traditions are good things from their ancestors. And if they lose their traditions, they ’ll be changed into other peoples. 12) Because they do not want to forget their traditions. 13) They live in the Middle East, Mongolia, North Africa and Central Asia. 14) Yes, there are. 1T, 2T, SF, 4F, SF, 6T, 77, 81, 91, 10T 1 297Bai 2 NGUO1 AINU O° NHAT Nguoi Ainu song 6 bac Nhat. Ban trén dao Hokkaido. Ho khong gidng nhimg nguis’ Nhat tha. Ho 06 mat nau sim, tron va tee don sing. Dan dng co ria va chu quai non. Nhimg ngudi nay xudt xu tir dau? Co phai he tit chau Au bang qua nutie Ne d&n Nhat khong? Ho 06 p6c gic tit Indonesia khéng? C6 phai ho hoan toan khéc vai tat c moi ngudi trén thé gidi? Khong ai giai dap duce nhimg cau boi nay. Nguiti Ainu sting & Nhat cach nay 7000 nam. ‘Théi hign dai, ngubi Nhat lan truyén nhemg binh mdi din lang Ainu. Nhiéu ngudi chét. Ngay nay chi cbn lai 300 nguisi Ainu. Cang od khoang 1000 ngudi lai Ainu. Neuiii Ainu an dé bién va trong hia, rau 6 nong trai cua ho. Dan dng san gau nau trong rimg. Ho an thit va bin da. Gau cang quan trong trong tn gido cla he. Neudi ta Jam nha tit mat loai cd. Ban trong chi cd mét phong. Nan nha bang di. ¢ gua o6 déng hua. Ton giao cua ho day rang nha phai o6 cua 96 & hung dong. Thanh thigu nién Ainu di hoc cing nhing hoc sinh Nhjt Ban khac. Ho noi tigng Nhat va khong biét titng me dé. Ho muén gidng nhing thanh thigu nién Nhat khie. Nauei Lapps 6 Bac Au musn tigp tuc truyen thing etia ho. Lap tré Ainu khong mutin hoc hoi truyén théng. Khi ngudi gia chét di truyén théng Ainu sé chét. theo. A 1) across 4) mustaches / beards 7) middle 2) left 5) hunt. 8) completely 3) attend 6) wavy 9) continue. R. Do left 41 wavy / beard / mustache 7) across 2) completely 5) attend 8) continue 3) middle 6) Hunting. C. 1) upside down 5) enough 9) bells 2: wive 6) mixture 10) hole 3) appeared 7) entered 1) held on 47 nvented 8) roast 12) yet 2981) They live in northern Japan on the island of Hokkaido 2) They have round, dark brown eyes and wavy hair. The men have beards and mustaches. 3) Nobody knows. 4) There are only 300 Ain today 5) The Ainu people wilt disappear compictely and there will be only part Ainu 6: To eat the meat and sell the skins 7) It is made of a kind of grass. There is only one room inside. It has a dirt floor with an open fire in the middle and one window on the east side. 8) They speak Japanese. 9: Because they want to live a modern and comfortable life like other Japanese. Maybe they feel ashamed of their traditions. 10: The Ainu traditions will die. E dd. dd. 3a, 4d. 5b, 6b, Te F. ta fhid (2rd. g. jk (3) bo Bai 3 NGUOI TASADAYS © PHILIPINES Vao nam 1971 thé gidi bist w nguiti Tasaday. Ho aiing trin dao Mindanao & Philippines. Mdt thg san khim pha ra ho va d&n mot vitn chic chink phu lai tham ho Neviti Tasaday sing trong rimg nhiét doi, Ho sting trong hang wen min xe dade nhutng nguei khde. Chi 0 24 nguisi. Ho khong biét gi v8 nhung nguin khac tron dw Mindanao. vé Manila, vé chinh phu, hose cude sing hién dai. Ho sing trong thé gidi cua riang ho. Nauti Tasaday la ngubi thude thii ky do da. Ho str dung cing cu bang dé. Ho khong 06 kim loui. Ho ding riu hing di dé oft. Ho ding que dio ld va dan bang tre. Ho ding har que dé tae lua Ho khong san thu va trong tret. Ho nic var miang a che than. Ho an edn tring, éch, ca try chy dai va la civ Hién gir cude sing cia hg dang doi thay nhanh chong Nhimg nguci dan mien niti khie day ho an nhmg thie an khae nhau. Newdi ta dua cho he dao kim loai vanhimg odng cy khéc. Hign nay ho da 06 vai. N6 ghip cho hg 4m trong rihimg dm lanh. Mdi [an ho 06 cai gi d6 méi, hg lai mudn 6 them nhing vat hien dai. Ngubi Tasaday dang hoc hdi nhiéu ditu méi tir phan cdn lai cha thé gidi: Ho cing 6 thé day cho chting ta diéu gi dé nim Ho khong 06 nhimg tit chién tranh, th han hoac ke dich. Ho khong ban gis giét hai ai. Ho khong dénh con. C6 lé ho ob dieu gi do quan trong dé day hon la dé hoc. A LD caves 4) axes 1) Perhapa 2). frogs 5) hit 8) metal 3) official 6). sticks / bamboo 9) Age 10) cloth B. 1) cloth 4) age 7) metal 2) caves 5) Perhaps 8) sticks 3) frog 6) official 9) hit 10) axe Cc. ld, 2k, 3m, 4e, 5h, 6n, 7a, $1, 9), 10f, llc, 12g : D. 1) 28 years ago. (This year is 1994) oS 2) They live in the Philippines. 3) . Their caves are in the mountains. 4) Stone Age people are people who used stone tools and had no metal. 5) Because they live in caves in the mountains far away from other people. 6) Their toola were made of stone. They were stone axes for cutting, digging sticks and bamboo knives. 7) They used 2 sticks to make a fire. 8) They ate insects, frogs, fish, wild fruit and leaves. 9) They eat different kinds of food. They have metal tools and cloth. 10) The words for war or hate or enemy are not in their languages. 11) They can teach us to love each other. 12) Maybe there will be no more Tasadays in the future. There are only a few of them now. Some of them might get new diseases and die. Some migh become modern people. Maybe they will be warse than they were because they might learn bab habits from modern people. E. 1T, 2NI, 3NI, 4F, ST, 6F, 7T, 8F, 9F, 10NI, 11T F. 1 300Bai_4 NGUOI DA BO HOPI GO ARIZONA Neguti da do Hopi séng # dong bac tiéu bang Arizona 6 Hoa Ky. Hoa Ky la mot nutic réit hign dai. Nha cao fing, xa 1, may didn todn va hAng tram thit hign dai khac 1a mt phan cude sing cia méi ngubi My. Dau vay, di xung quanh toin hian dai, ngusi Hopi van git truyén thing. C6 khodng 5000 nguiri Hopi va ho sing trong lang 3 sa mac. Mia he thoi tigt rit néng nhumg mua déng thi bang gid. Nong nghiép réit kho khan. Bap la thuc ph4m chinh ca ngubi Hopi, nhung hy cing trong rau nGa. Ho nudi city, d@ vA bo. Ho cing an hamburger, kem va uing nuse ngot. Ho s6ng trong nhing ngéi nha truyén thing bing 46 nhimg nhidu ngufi trong 6% ho cing 06 didn thoai, radio va tivi. Ho oS ngya nhung cing 06 c4 xe van tai nhe nita. Kachina 1A mot phan quan trong trong tin nguémg ca ngudi Hopi. Kachina 1a Hon nguti chét, 44, cay od, tha vat vA cdc vi sao. Dan dng mic nhu kachina va mia nhimg vi disu ton gido. Ngudi ta cling lam nhimg con bap bé kachina bing g6. Khong bao git cd hai con giéng nhau. ‘Tré ert dn truemg hoc tiéng Anh vA nhimg mon khac. Mot sf ngu’i Hopi hoc dai hoc. Mot s6 sinh sing va lam vide 3 céc thanh phé lan can. Tré em dén trutng, nbung ching cing hoc tiéng Hopi, cic va digu va truyén thuyét. Nguti Hopi mudn cude séng hin dai vA thoi mai, nhung ho khing mudn mét truy’én théng eda minh. A. 1) computers 4) lose 7) ever 2) pickup trucks 5) Somehow 8) cattle 3) Kachinas 6) spirits / dead 9) freezes B. 1) somehow 4) pickup 7) freezes” 2) spirits 5) computer 8) ever 3) cattle 6) dead 9) lose c. 1) sled 5) deep 9) tent 2) cards 6) Nomads 10) complete 3) uncomfortable 7D) attend 11) wavy / beard 4) trip 8) continues | “"12) skiingD. 1) They live in the northeastern part of Arizona in the United States. 2) Tall buildings, highways, computers, and hundreds of other modern things are a part of every American's life 3) It is very hot in summer. but in winter it freezes 4; Corn is their main food. 51 They eat lamb, goat meat and beef. 61 Yes, they do. 7) Telephones, radios, and television are modern about some of ther homes Stone houses are traditional. 8) They learn at school. 9) They are spirits of dead people, of rocks, plants and of the stars. 10) Because they don’t want to lose their traditions, 11) They are more like Lapp children. Because they both want to keep their traditions. E. le, 2d, 3d. 4a, 5b, Ge, Td, 8a KF, 3 Bai_5 . 2 NGUO! MAORIS O NEW ZEALAND Nguti Polynesi sing trén céc dio 6 Thai Binh Duong. Nguti Maoris la nguisi Polynesia va ho sting 6 eye Nam Polynesia 8 New Zealand. Ngay nay 06 khoing 280 000 nguéi Maoris. Neuisi Maoris, abut nhimg nguéi Polynesia khac, ob da nau, mat nau sam, téc den den s6ng. Ban éng 06 ria va rau quai nén, nhumg ho thug cao rau. Ngutti Maoris dén New Zealand tu nhimg dao Polinesi khac hon 1000 nam truée. Ho ta nein dau tidn dén do. Ho dung nhimg ngdi nha bing g6 o} hinh cham khdc. (Ce mot ditu kinh khung va ho, bo danh lén nhau suét nhiau thé ky. Tuy nhien vae nam 1840 ho dong y tré thanh thudc dja cua Anh d@ dem hoa binh dén cho dat nude. Khi ho thoi danb nhau, ho hoc hei I6i sing cia nguti Au chau nhanh chéng. 302Nghy nay ngudi Maoris eb mat trong moi nganh ngiié. He di hoe. ln dai hoe va trv thanh luat su va khoa hoc gia. Cé ngudi Maoris trong chinh phu. Hau het song nhu nguéi New Zealand da tring. Tuy nhién ngudi Maoris khong quén truyén théing. Tré em hoe tiéng. am nhac vA ede truyén thuyét. Hang nam he té chute ede cude thi vé dién thuyét. mua va ca hat. Ho tap luyén bang thang. Sau a6 ult ca ngubi Maoris trong khu vac dén xem eudc thi va gap ban ed, Hau hét théi gian nguiti Maoris 0 cude sing hian dai tien nghi. Ho danh mot phan thi gian luu lai truyén thing che con chiu. A. lL) arrived / over 4) among themselves 2) yearly competitions 5) agreed / colony 3) shave 6) practice B. 1) themselves 4) agree 7) colony 2) practice / among 5) arrive 8) yearly 3) competition 6) shave 9) over c. id 2g. SL 4a, Sf 6j, 7b, Se. Gk, 10c D. 1) They live on islands in the Pacifie Ocean. 21, It is in the South Pacific Ocean, near Australia. 3) There are about 280,000 Maoris. 4) They have dark brown eyes, brown skin, and wavy black hair. 5) They came from other Polynesian islands. 6) They fought wars among themselves for severa) centuries. 7) ‘Po bring peace to the country. 8} Yes, they do. 9) They live like white New Zealanders. 10) They speak. dance and sing. 1) They tive on islands. gE. IF, 27, 37. 4F. SF. 67. 7F. 89, 91, 10F FP. Laaps 5,9, 12, 14 Ainu 1, 8, 10, 13, 16 Tasadays 1, 2,7, 13, 15, 16 Hopis 4, 8, 10, 11, 14 Maoris 1,6, 10 303304 on 2 a a b) ©) e} hy a) b) e) a le, ‘14, WORD STUDY ourselves 5) iteelf yoursalf / yourselves 6) herself yourselves 7) myself themselves . 8) himself ‘The most beautiful 5) the most important the most expensive 6) the farthest the best 7) the worst the tallest 8) the darkest 10) the strongest useful 4) mixture 1) tradition tropical 5) weight 8) wooden sweeten. 6) full 9) religion 10) noisy She did badly because of her lazy son. She had a second-hand TV last week. He rang the doorbell a few minutes ago. ‘Thé wind blew very hard last night. ‘They hit him on the head. A policeman told me to come here. became * e) came i) got bought f) found jp saw brought g) fought ky taught cut h) went 1) won. 2a, 8c, 4d, 5a, 6b 8c, 9a, 10c, 11b, 128, 13c, 14bBON V7 THAM HIEM VA PHIEU LUU Bait NGUGI POLYNES! Newti Polynesi 6 lé la nhimg nha tham higm gidi nh&t trong lich ait thé gidi. Ho vugt hang ngan km qua Thai Binh Duong bing nhimg thuy®n di lon. Ho 06 thé nhin sao va biét huéng di. Ho cing higu gié va cdc ding bién. Ho vé bin dd sao va céc dong bién. Ho vé nhing ban d8 nay bing que va cc vd 8. Khoang 4000 nam trutc mot nhém ngydi Polynesi eng &mién nam Trung Quéc. Ho lai gitta dan Mong Cé da tring va da den. Khi ngudi Trung Quée ngay cang lan xuéng mién nam, ho cin di kiém nhtmg nai an toan hon. Dan dan nhimg nguii Polynesi nay roi Trung Quéc bing thuyén déi va bat dau huimg ve dong nam. Ho dem theo gia stic va cay tring. Mot nhéin ngubi od thé da dn mdt hdn dio va d lai 6 d6 cho 4&n khi 06 con, chau va chit. Roi mot vai gia dinh bat dau ra di. Mét ad thuyén di hudng nay cbn mot aS thuyén di huimg khac. Mat hang tram nim ho méi dat chan lén t&t cA ddo thude Polynesia. . Thuyén di cia ngudi Polynesia lA mdt trong nhimg phét minh vi dai trong lich ott, Ngudi Polynesia IA trong 98 nhing thiy tha giéi nb&t lich ei. Ho bidt dinh hutmg bang sao, gid va dong bién. Ditu nay khién ho tré nén nhung ngubi tham hiém vi A. Ll) greatest . 4) might D double canoes 2). safer 5) aailors 8) mape ~ " 3) explorers / history 6) currents 9) shells B. 1) great 5) sailor 9) double 2) history 6) map 10) explorer 3) might 7) safe 11) canoe 4) current 8) sheel 305D. 306 vv 2) 3 4) Lb a 4) Be 6 7 a) » 10! hang 5) Age 9) fur ground 6) temperature 10) lazy enough 7) shape LD enter bell / yet &) jumped They traveled in large double canoes They knew which way to go by the stars. wind and ocean currents. They made their maps from sticks and shells They came from southern China m the beginning. To find safer homes when the Chinese moved farther and farther into the south. They took animals and plants with them. Yes, they did. Tt took hundreds of year for them to reach ail of Polynesia. They understood how to sail by the stars, wind, and ocean currents. Maybe not so important as they were. Because most ships and boats today have engines. Maybe not so important. Because ships today have compasses, radios and other medern equipments to communicate with satellites and control Stations. INI, 2T, 37 4T. 5F. 6NI 7NI. 8T, 9T, 10FMOT CON HUOU CAO CO O TRUNG A . Tamerlane (13367-1045) Ia mt tha linh Mong Cé rét himg manh. Ong va ode chién si cia minh chién du cho 16i khi Tamerlane tré thinh bé cha toan ving Trung A. Nining nude khac muén két ban véi Tamerlane, Bé ban thi an toan hon djch thu. Dai sit ca nhiéu quée gia dem qua tang Tamerlane. Ho ong ndp vai dep, dd trang suc, vang va bac. Ho thutmg oS ging kiém nhimg qua tang dac biat nua. Nam 1404 gan cudi 4&i Tamerlane mdt st gid Ai Cap dén Samarkand. Day lA ni Tamerlane séng. Vj sit gid va tiy ting di ngua va lac da. Ho dem theo mdt con huou cao 03 ti chau Phi iam qua tang. Lac da va ngua chau Phi quen di trong sa mac. ‘Chung lun ludn di trong sa mac. Huu cao c khong quen sa mac. Nhung con hum cao o8 nay dé vugt 5000 km tt Cairo dén Samarkand. Ching ta biét vé mén qua cha vj mi gid Ai Cap vi nhieu ngubi vist v8 né. Khong -ai viét ring Tameriane thich né. Tuy nhién ching ta dodn éng rét hai long o6 duge lei thd Phi chau ky la nay & Trung A. A. 1) Ambassadors / gifts 4) jewelry / gold / silver 2). used to 5) suppose / pleased 3)" leader 6) ruler D giraffe. B. : 1) ambassador 5) suppose 2) giraffe 6) leader / ruler 3) gold / silver 7) used to 4) jewelry 8) pleased 9) gifts c. ld. 2f, Se, 4a, 61, 6k, 7c, 8h, 9b, 101 D. : 1) 3t means that Tamerlane was probably born in 1336. We are not sure. 2) He was a very strong Mongol leader. 3) Because it was safer to be friends than enemies 3074) To please Tamerlane. 5) They took beautiful cloth, jewelry, gold, silver, and something unusual.” 6) To make Tamerlane very pleased and happy. 7) An Egyptian ambaseador. 8) It walked to Samarkand. 9) Yes, I do. Because it was a strange and unusual gift. le, 2%, 3a, 4d, Sa, 6c, 7d 1 NGUOI PHU NUP BAU TIEN CHINH PHUC BINH EVEREST Everest la ngon nui cao nhit trén thé gidi. Né nim trong day Himalaya gita Nopal va Trung Quée cao 8900m. Ngai Edmund Hillary ngubi New Zealand va Tenzing Norgay ngubi Nepal lA nhimg nguéi dau tien chinh phuc dinh Everest vao nam 1953. Sau dé dan dng tit nhidu quéc gia leo én ngon nui nay. Junko Tabei, ngubi Nhat 6 Hokkaido, A ngudi phy ni dau tidn thue hién cue leo nui khé khan nay, Mot cdng ty bao chi - truyén hinh & Tokyo t6 chute cude leo niii vio nam 1975. Ho chen 15 phy ni tit ede cfu lac bd leo nui dem dn Nepal. C& nhém leo trong nhitu ngay. Sau a6 xdy-ra 1 vy tuyét 16, Bang dé va tuyét nang lam bi thuong 10 phu ni. Ho phai ngimg leo nui. Nam nguti cdn lai van tiép tuc. Chi 06 cb Tabei leo duge 70m cudi cing. Cd ding trén dinh thé gidi. Co la ngubi phu ni dan tien @ do. Hoi d6 ob Tabei 35 tudi. Cao 1m50 va cin nang 42kg. CO n6i ob chi la mot ngubi néi tr¢ binh thutmg. Cd bat dau leo nui viv nam 1960. Co leo t&t ca cae ngon mui 3 Nhat. Sau 46 eb chinh phue dinh Annapurna, mbt ngon nii cao khéc trong day Himalaya. Cuéi cing ob da chinh phue duye dinh nui cac nhdt thé gidi. Khi én dén dinh nui cd nghi: "Minh da lén téi dinh va minh sung swing vi &- trén dinh" va sau dé od leo trd xudng. 3081b 2) 3 b 2 3) b 2 3) 4 5) 6 a 8) a 10) ib 12) 13) Jd, chose / clubs 4) organized 7) glad was able &) ordinary 8) avalanche Finally 6) heavy / injured ordinary 4) organize D club finally / able / glad 5) heavier choose 6) injured 2k, 3f, 4b, 5d, 61, 7, Sm, 9c, 10a, 1li They reached the top of Mount Everest in 1953. It is in the Himalayan Mountains between Nepal and China. No, it isn’t. Because it is the highest mountain in the world. Junko Tabei was. ° "A Tokyo newspaper television company did. ‘The heavy ice and snow injured them. No, she isn’t. No, she isn’t. She practiced in Japan. She thought "I'm at the top and I’m glad that I'm at the top". It is cold, snowy, iey and windy Yes, it is. Maybe several Japanese companies did. 2d, Sd. 4a, be, 6c, 7a,” 8c Bai_4 Vi RAJA NGUOT AU GO SARAWAK James Brooke (1803 ~ 1868)sinh ra $ An BQ. Tuy nhién, ong lA ngudi Anh, khong phai ngubi An. Luc 46 An JA thude dia cia Anh va ba cia dames la vien chute trong chinh phi thute dja. 309James di hoc é Anh , sau d6 gia nhdp quan di. Ong bj thummg trong cude chién 6 Mign Dién nén duge gidi ngi. Ong mua mot chiéc thuyén va tham hiém nhong hon dao ngoai khot chau A. . Sarawak nim trén mét trong nhimg dao nay. Ten do la Kalimantan. Ngay nay hau hét Kalimantan thude vé Indonesia. Trong Khi éng Brooke chau A, 06 chuyén rac r6i & Sarawak. Mot sS ngubi khong thich lanh tu cia ho, vi raja, do 45 ho chién dau chéng lai. Cude chién kéo dai, vj raja khéng dap tét duge. Cudi cing ong nh Brooke gitp do. Brooke cau vidn hai quin Anh. Ching bao lau ho danh bai ké thi cda vj raja. Khi cugc chién két thuc, vi raja nhubng ngoi lai cho Brooke. Ong tré thanh vj raja. Mot raja ngudi Au é chau A that IA ky la. Ong ia mot nha cai tri gidi. Ong t6 chute mot chinh quyén manh, va khong.ctn chién tranh. Co mot 66 nguti trong rimg la moi sin dau nguii. Ho gitt rigubi va gic lai dau. Ong bat bude ho phai ch&im dint. Sau khi James Brooke chét, con ong tré thanh raja. Ngay nay Sarawak JA mdt plan cha Malaysia. Malaysia JA mat quéc gia doc lap thay vi la thude @ia Anh. Sarawak o6 thng dtc nhung khong phai nguti Anh. Ngutsi Anh khing edn cai tri é Sarawak hoke Malaysia. A 1) governor 4) belongs to 7) death 2) raja 5} independent 8) over 3) navy 6) defeated 9) jungle B 1) gungie 4) navy 7) belong to 2) governor ~ 5) over 8) independent. 3) defeated 6) death : c ° 1) once 4) agree 7) gift 2) going to 5) ring 8) middle 3) locust 6) completely ; 9) oldest D. 1) He died in 1868. 2) He lived in the 19th century. 3) No, he wasn’t, 4) He went into the army. 5) Because he was injured in a war in Burma. 6) He bought a boat and explored the islands off the coast of Asia. 3107) It is on the istand of Kalimantan off the coast of Asia 8) Sonie of the people fought against the raja. . 9) Maybe he was thankful to Mr Brooke. Or Mr Brooke and the British navy probably made him to do 90. 10) Yea, he was. 1L) No, it isn’t: James Brocke was born in India. James went to England to study. Mr Brooke was injured. Some of the people fought against the raja. Mr Brooke defeated the raja’s enemies. Mr Brooke became the raja of Sarawak. Mr Brooke organized a strong government. Mr Brooke died in 1868. Mr Brooke’s eon became raja Sarawak became part of Malaysia 2 Bai 5 BI BG BEN BAC CUc Thang tu 1984, David Hempleman Adains di bd xuyén qua B&c Canada aén Bae Cye mot minh. Anh di 400km trong 22 ngay. David vita tham hiém vita phiéu lu. Anh 1A nguti dau titn di bp len Bac Cue mot minh. Lic 46 anh 27 tudi. Nhing ngubi khie dfn Bo Cyo truée David nhimg ho 06 xé trugt tuyft vA doi ché kéo, David khong c6 ché, Mét ngay kia anh bi té qua lép bang mong vio B&e Bling Duong. Anh bi ngap téi trén dau g6i. R&t may mAn anh khong bi chim nghim. Khong ai séng néi trong nue bang gid 46. Ban dém David ngii trong leu. Mot dem kia mot con glu Béc Cyc of ging Idi anh ra khéi leu. Anh phai bin né. Anh khong muén giét con géti, nhung anh bist con géu muén gigt anh.Chinh phi Canada céim git glu Be Cye vi ching obn rat ft. Cac vitn chic Canada cit 4 ngudi di may bay d@n gap David. Ho théy diiu chan giu bén trong leu. Ho biét ring David gitt gilu 48 ty va, vi'thé ho khing bat git anh. David can dam dam phiéu liu mét minh. Anh cing may mén vi oon gffu va nude bang gid khong gist chét anh. A b 2) 3 ly 2) 3) adventurer 4) footprints -Bhoot 5) knees brave 6) by himself team 4) lucky by myself 5) shoots adventurer 6) knees” chose ° 6) jewelry / gold / silver n history 8) ambassador » used to 10) In April 1984. It was cold, snowy and icy. No, he didn’t. Nobody traveled with him. Dy lucky 8) team 9)” arrest 7) footprints 8) brave 9) arrest map / able club canoe Pickup current He went into the water above his knees. To save his own life. . Because the Canadian goverment says that people cannot kil pir bears. They saw the bear's footprints inside the tent. No, they didn’t. Because he went on this dangerous adventure by himself. ‘Yes, it was. Because the weather was cold, icy, snowy and windy. There were bears and icy water. Moreover, David went alone. Maybe someone heard the gun shots and told the officials. Or the bear probably had some device to report its track to the officials. 1NI, 2T, 3T, 4F, SF, GNI, 7T, 8T, ONT, 10F, 1INI F.b 2) 3) 4) 5} b 3} 4) 5) a) © a) e) g) bb a) b ce} WORD STUDY . was traveling / were was walking / fell D tried / was sleeping 8) injured / was playing 9) was shaving 10) noisy stormy studying planning ewimmi flyi conta ane sandwi adventures gifts tried taixed defeated shopped biggest thickest highest safest danger invention science / scientist explored / explorer eailoes / exile | aniled: They chose him to be their ruler. She left for shool an hour ago. was skiing / started was entering / saw was sleeping / rang was leaving / spoke was writing / telephoned rocky wavy writing going bringing coming knives children governors days dripped belonged carried played heaviest lowest, ‘smallest hottest 6) birth 2) lead 8) ruled /ruler- 9) organize / organization inj He spent a lot of money on jewelry last year. He sent the letter yeaterday. He fell down and broke his leg. We met the movie star last night. He slept well because he was tired. ‘The students understood eveything because their teacher explained clearly and carefully. was, were e) knew blew f) rang did g) began got b) cut found gave put i 3 i) 1) soldle, 3a, Be, Je, Od, Lila 2c, 4b, Gb, 8b, 10c, 12a BON VI 8 PHAT MINH VA NHUNG NHA PHAT MINH Bai 1 DAY KEO Day kéo 1 mét phét minh tuydt digu. Lam sao ngubi ta o6 thé ating thidu day ké0? Day kéo thutng qu4 nén chung ta quén ching tuyét voi. Ching rat khée chic, nhung lai mé va cai rit dé. Cé dd mau va kich thude. ‘Vio thap nin 1890, & My ngubdi ta di play cao voi mdt hang nut. Quan 4o phy nif cing c nhimg hang nut nia. Nguti ta can mdt céch mac va cdi quan do dé dang hon. Whitcomb L Judson phat minh ra day kéo nam 1893. Ong lA ky su & Chicago. Ong goi day kéo lk efi khéa trugt. Tuy nhitn né khong ng§m chfe vo nhau. That sugng sting va ngubi ta khong mua nhieu. Sau a6 Gideon Sundback ngupi Thuy Dién @4 gidi quyét duoc van de nay. Mot day kéo gom 3 phan. (1) Cé hang té méc kim loai hodc nhya (goi 4 rang) sap thanh hai hang. (2) Nhing rang nay duge of djnh vao hai dai vai. Dai vai niém mai. Ching gap un dé ding. (3) Mét khéa trugt doc va khéa cfc ring lai. Khi né trugt chidu nguge lai, né tach cde méc ra. Sundback gan méc vao dai vai. Vai gitt cc méc ding vi tri. Ching khé tudt ra. iNau nay gidi quySt vin dé cia day kéo dau tién. 314b 2 3 4) a) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) nD & 9) 10) 11) 1b, 3 row 5) slide fastener dozens / hooks 6) apert zipper 7) emberrassing flexible 8) bend 9) stripe slide © 6) fastenera stripe 7) dozen : embarrassed 8) apart flexible 9) rows hooks 10) bend UD zippera navy 5) jungle 9) history axe 6) death 10) cance over 7) caves iD independent froze 8) current 12) shoot Because they are very common. Yes, they are. They wore high shoes with a long row of buttons. Whitcomb L. Judson invented it in 1893. Because the fastener slides along. Because they didn’t stay closed very well. He was from Sweden. A zipper has 3 parts: dozens of hooks in 2 rows on 2 flexible strips of cloth, A fastener slides along and fastena the hooks together. When it slides the other way, it takes the hooks apart. The cloth strips are flexible. He put the hooks on the strips of cloth. The cloth holds all the hooks in place. It is the velcro (also Velcro), consisting of 2 nylon strips, one rough and one smooth, which stick together when pressed. 2d, 3d, 4c, Sa, 60, ‘7d, 8bTEM THU Truéc khi phat minh ra tem thu, goi la thu di nude ngoai rét_ khé khan. Ngwi gai tra phan tien 14 thu di trong nue minh. Nguifi nhan tra phan chi phi-di trong nuéc ho. Néu mét 14 thu phai di qua nhitu nude, vin dé cang rc réi hon. Rowland Hill, giao vien nguti Anh, nghi ra tem thuod keo & mAt lung. Buu dién nuée Anh gin xuft ra con tem dau tién ndm 1840. Dé lA tem Ben 1 xu va tem Kanh 2 xu. Ngudi ta mua tem va dan lén thu, Buu din giao thi. Khi nhfn the nguti ta khong phai tra tién. Thu 44 duge tra true. Tem thy ngay lap tite tré nén phd bién & nue Anh. Nhimg nue khic bit dau sin xuat tem cia ho nhanh chong. Vin cdn nhimg truc tric véi thy tin quic té Mot 93 nutic khong ch&p nhan thu. Gan tem tit nutic khac. Cui cing nam 1874 mot ngudi Due t8 chitc he thing bus chinh toan cau. Méj nude.trong UPS déng ¥ chip nh&n thu oé din tem-tra truge tir thanh vién khac. Ngay nay van phing eda UPS & Thuy Si. Hau nhu moi quéc gia déu la thanh vien cia 6 chute nay. N6 giai quyét viin dé thu tin quic & Ngay nay buu didn cdc nue dau cd bin nhimg con tem dp. Suu fm tem 2 mdt trong nhimg thi titu khién ph6 bién trén thé gidi, va tit ol nhimg ngudi suu tap tem dau bist dén con tem Den 1 xu vA Xanh 2 xu. A DD received 5) crossed 9) mail 23 postage stamp 6) immediately 3) delivered 7) accept 4) members 8). prepaid B. 1) members 4) stamps 1) receive 2) prepay 5) deliver 8) immediately 3) crosa 6) postage. 9) accept 10) mail Cc . ay Uk, 2n, 3p, 4b, 5a, 6c, 70 * 8m, Sf 101, 11d, 12i, 18), Ide ~ D. 1) Because both the sender and the receiver had to pay. The letter was not prepaid.2) Rowland Hill, a British teacher, invented it. 3) He invented it in 1640. 4) He was from Britain. 5) Yes, they were. 6) Because they made it easy to send a letter to another country. 7) It means "paid for before". 8) Maybe they were enemies. 9) It takes care of any international mail problems. 10) They are in Switzerland. : 11) Because they can know a lot more about other countries. They can probably earn a lot of money if they have rare stamps. 12) Because it is the first stamp. E. 11, 21, 3F, 4T, ST, 6NI, 7F, 8T, 9NI, 10NI, 11T F. 2 Bai 3 BUT CHi VA BUT MUC Khong ai biét nguti ndo hoje khi ndo dé phat minh ra bit chi. Mbt nguvi Thyy Si dd mé ta cay bit chi trong eich xudt bin nim 1666..Ong néi né IA mot migng gb o¢ chi bén trong (chi 1a kim loi nang, rét msm) But chi khong ph6 bién, ngubi ta tip tuc ding but. myc. Ngubi ta ding long chim lam viét. Sau d6 vao nim 1795 mdt ngudi ndo dé bat dau sin xufit but chi tir graphite, va chung duye rat yeu chung. Graphite Id mot loai than d4. (than dA miu den va chting ta dét lay nhiét va nang hang) Ngdy nay ngudi ta lam bit chi cing nhu vay. Ho nghién graphite, dic thanh hinh que, ri nuéng. Sau d6 dat vao trong mot miéng gd. Mi cay vist chi 06 thé viét dupe 50.000 tir ting Anh hodc ké mat duimg dai 55km. Negubi ta viét bing bit long chim va roi ding bit 06 ngbi kim loai. Cir vai chit Iai phai nhung ngdi vao mye. Sau d6 06 nguii phét minh ra bit méy gid duge muc ben trong. Viét duye nhiéu trang méi phai bom mut lai. Hai anh em nguti Hungari, Ladislao va Georg Biro, phét minh ra but bi ngay hay ai cing ding. Ho roi Hungary. va bit dau sn xudt bit bi @ Anh nim 1943 trong ‘Thé chién 2. Cae phi céng Anh thich ching. Ho khong thé vit bing but may tron may bay vi mye ri ra. Ve sau mt cong ty Phap tén Bic mua lai cdng ty Biro.C6 ngubi goi but bi trin 1a but Bie, Ngutl Uc gpi lA Biro. Da goi thé ndo, ching ta dung but-bi hang ngay. A 1) pilots / leaked 2) graphite Jead 4) points 5) coal 1) leaks 2) coal 3) point 4) pilot 5) Lead 1) dozen 2) axe 3) size 4) bend 1) Nobody knows. 2) It was a piece of wood with lead inside it 10) fountain pen dip / ink grind ballpoint whatever ink dips grind fountain / ballpoint pen whatever alide 9) by hereelf 10) embarrassed | iy team 12) 3) It isa piece of wood with graphite inside it. 4) They grind the graphite, make it into the shape of a atick and bake it. Then they put it inside a piece of wood. 5) Pens with metal points and fountain pens. 6) Because it can write several pages before you have to fill it again. 7) ‘They were from Hungary. 8) Because the ink does not leak out in airplanes. 9) Because the atmospheric pressure is lower in airplanes. They are made in France. It came from the inventors, Georg Biro and Ladislao Biro. A ballpoint pen is better because you do not have to sharpen it, Tb; 2, 3a, ‘4b, Se, 64, 7a, 8d, 9c, 10d apart hook arrested “ rowCAY pot Cay di: la mbt vat rét thutmg. Né che mua nAng. Cé loai di xp lai due vi vay mang di a8 dang. Tuy nhién hic dau cfy di khing phai IA vat bink thong. No Ja d&u higu cia hoang gia hoac su quan trong. Ngay nay mdt 80 bd lac Phi chau van cin sit dung di theo kiéu nay. Mot ngudi mang di va di sau vua hose mt nhan vat quan trong. Du dé o6 lau doi. Nguoi Trung Hoa 06 dii ti thé ky 11 true Cong Neuyén. Tir Trung Quéc, cay dd dén An Dé, Ba Ty va Ai Cap. O Hy Lep va La Ma dan ong khong xai di. Ho tin ring di chi danh cho phy nit. . Khi nhtmg nha thém hiém Tay Ban Nha téi Mexico, ho thiiy cdc vi vua Aztec ding da. Nha thém hiém ngudi Anh thay cdc hoang tit ngubi da dé dimg du 6 by Dong Bac My. Dutmg nhu é nhimg ving khéc nhau tren thé gidi nguéi ta phat minh ra di 6 nhimg thdi diém khac nhau. Anh of ie la nutic diu titn & Au chau noi dan thutmg ding di dé che mua. Nutic Anh 6 khi hau mun va di réit hin ich & dé. Nedy nay ai cing sit dung di. Lan 06i néu ban od mang di, nhé rang suét nhitu thé ky chi of dan ng va phu nd quan trong méi eu dung dil. C6 le ban that su A mot vj vua hoge hoang hau, mét cing chtia hay hodng vit. A. 1) princes 4) object 7 tribes 2) royalty 5) wouldn't 8) fold up 3) climate 6) princess 9) seems. B. 1) princess / prince / royalty 5) tribes 2) seems 6) climate 3) objects 7) fold 4) wouldn’t a - 1} behind 5) adventure 9) coal 2) gymnasium 6) kilo 10) nm 3) traveler ‘D flexible . 4) navy , 8) slide D. 1) It keeps the rain and the sun off people. 3192) Because it is smaller when it folds up. 3) It was a sign of royalty or, importance in the past. 4) Some African tribes. 5) Maybe somebody described it in a book in the 1ith century BC. 6) Because they believed umbrellas were only women. 7) The Aztec in Mexico and the Indians on the east coast of North America, 8) Because Engiand has a rainy climate, and umbrellas are very useful there. 9) In countries with temperate climate. , 1a, 24, 8, 4c, 5b, 6b, Tb 1 HE THONG THAP PHAN Khép thé gidi nguii ta sit dung kg, cm, m’, Iit-va dd C. Day la nhimg don vj do lung. Chung déu thude hé thing thap phan. Trong thii ky Cach mang Phép (1789 — 1799) ching lai nb& vua, chinh pha c4ch mang khdi dau hé théng thap phan. Truge d6 mdi ving & Phap 06 mot he thing do luémg khée nhau. Thg dit vai do vai theo mét kiéu. Thg kim hoan ding kiéu khéc. Thg méc lai sit dung kiéu khéc nia. Nhtmg nuic khac ding nhimg hé théng khac. Chinh phi Cach mang muén c6 mot he thing do ludng Ikhoa hoc que t6. Ho you chu mot nhém nha Khoa hoe va toan hoe phat minh mdt hé thong. Cac nha todn hoe va khoa hoe quyét dinh ding cfc 9% 10, 100 va 1000 cho he théng cua ho. Ké dén ho phai quyét dinh mot 40 dai “ty nhién”. Ho chon 1 phan 10 trigu kthoing odch tit xich dao dén Béc Cue. Ho gpi la Im. Roi ho chon Ty dé lam don vj can, Mot om” nude c&n nang Ig. Cac nha ichoa hoe va todn hoc giai quyét nhimg vin dé nay eubt 20-néim cho t6i khi eudi cing ko hon t&t mot hé thing day dit. Vain dé lon nhit lA do 1 meét. He thap phan 1 mot qua tang tuy@t vai eho thé gidi. Ngay nay chi o6 nam nuse khong ding hé thap phan. Dé lA Brunei, Mién Dign, Bac va Nam Yemen va Ha Ky. He thap phan that su la mot hé thong quéc té. - 320E. iT, F. 1, 2 3. Revolution 4) cubic length 5) distance / Equator metric system 6) measure decided Revolution 4) decided 6) Equator distance 5) measure TD cube metric 6) length 8) system lonely 5) basket 9) evaporated section 6) deliver 10) tires percent 7 point 11) crossed postage 8) chew 12) member . Tt means one hundredth part of and one thousandth part of. It is an international scientific system of measurement. It was against the king. Every part of France had a different system for measuring things. A group of scientists and mathematicians. They chose one ten - millionth of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole. They chose the weight of a cubic centimater It took 20 years to complete the system. Because there are only 5 countries that don’t use it. Because this system uses the numbers ten, hundred and thousand that are easy to remember. 2NI, 3T, 4F, 5ST, 6F, 7T. 8F, 9NI, 10Nt ‘ d,j,m 4.1m a, m,n 5. hme ek, m 6. b,g.im * * *322 Db 3) 4 5) ay b) ° d) e) p B) h) i aor p WORD STUDY We wil] receive the package next week. They will deliver letters tomorrow. He will decide what to do tonight The plane will arrive tomorrow morning. We will go skiing next winter. J am going to continue my course next fall. We're going to practice English all summer She’s going to choose a model tomorrow. They are going to roast a chicken tonight. You are going to leave school next month. How long is the building? How deep is the canal? How tall are you? How much is it? How fast is a Toyota? She kept old letter carefully. ‘The stomachache hurt me_a lot. He led the expedition last year. 1 wore a composition last night. She wrote the most beautiful dress. ‘They froze the fish an hour ago. He lost a lot of money because he was careless. They paid me.a little. She spoke in a low voice “They built the house by themselves blew e. met i eft gave £. understood j. hit knew . chose k. fell dripped h. grew L sent1) collector / collects / collection 2) description / describe 3) hot / heat 4) royal / royal 5) importance / important 6) softener / softens / soft 7) believe / belief 8) rain / rainy ‘ rain 9) sharpener / sharp / sharpen 10) measure / measurements. E. la 5b. 9c lad 2b 6d 1a 14a 3d fa lle 16d. 4c 8b 12b 16b BON VI 9 HUNG MON THE THAO KY LA Bait QUYEN ANH KIEU THAI Quyén anh phé bién & nhiéu nutic. Hai vé si deo gang. Chudng rung. Hai vo si dam nhau cho téi khi mdt ngubi bj do van. Méi hiép dau dai 3 phut. Quyén anh kiéu Thai thi khéc. Tran dau mé dau véi tiéng trong va sto. Sau d6 hai vo si quy xudng vA Gu nguyén wii than linh. Ké dn ho thue hign mdt vii diéu cham mo ta cde dong tac cia quyén anh Thai. Trong vi didu nay, mdi v6 si ef ging ching minh cho déi tha thay minh la hang nhét. Sau do cue Au bat dau. Trong quyén anh Thai mdi va si duge dé va danh bang oti cho va dau géi, Tat nhién cing duge dam bang tay. Ma: higp dai 3 phuit. Duge nghi 2 phut. Hau hét cac vo si chi dau duge 5 hip vi kiéu thi ddu nay rat khé khan. 323Quyén anh Thai bit dau hon 500 nam trude. Néu mét chi&n of bj m&t va khi trén chin trutng, anh ta phai ding ov thé minh dé chién diy. Cée chign si hoe cach sit dung moi pian co thé. Nam 1560, quan d0i Mién Dibn bat duge Naresuen, vua ‘Thai Lan, trong tran chién. Vua Naresuen la mdt vo si gidi. Omg duge ty do nhs danh bai t&t o& nhimg vo si nh&t Mign Ditn. Khi tro vé Thai, dan ching rat tu hao ve ong. Quyén anh Thai tré nén mon thé than phé bign. A D_ knocks out 6) freedom 2) match / drums / flutes 7) round 3) kick / elbows 8) kneel / pray 4) gloves 9) captured 5) weapons / battle 10) proud B. D gloves 5) captured 9) kick 2) drums / flutes 6) elbows 10) weapons 3) match 7) pray 11) battles 4) kneel 8) proud 12) freedom Cc Ye, 2, 3, 4m, 5f, 60, 7b 8c, 9h, 10g, ila, 12d, 13) D. 1) They wear boxing gloves on their hands. 2) It is called a round. 3) It begins with music from drums and flutes. 4) They kneel and pray to God. Next they do a slow dance. 5) To show the other fighter that he is best. 6) It begins with music. The fighters dance. They can kick with their feet and hit each other with their elbows and knees and hands. 7) It is 8 minutes long. 8) ‘To fight with just the body if they lest their weapons. 9) By defeating all the best Burmese fighters 10) They felt proud of him. 11) It is dangerous. Because people can kill each other. 12) It is more dangerous than other boxing. Because the fighters can kick with their feet and hit each other with their elbows and knees. EB la, 24, 8, 4¢, 5c, 6b, 7a 3 324CURLING Curling la mt mén thé thao phé bién 4 Canada. Tuy nhién 6 Jé no bat dau a Scotland hoac Ha Lan khodng 300 nam trudec. ” C6 hai dei, mdi ddi 4 ngudi. Choi trén san bang 45 mét dai va 4,3 mét rong. M6i cau thu trust hai hon dé nang vé phia vong "nha" 6 dau kia san bang. Cuc da can nang gan 20 kilo. Méi cuc d4 phang mit trén va mat day, ¢ trén oS tay cam. Cau tha dimg tay cam dé trust hon 44. Cau thi: ném hon dé va né danh vdng khi trugt. N6 khong di theo duing thing. Khi mét cau thi ném cue d4, déng dai eta anh quét ding truée cuc d4. Ho lam cho mat bang trun lang. Cé cau thi: tin ring cuc dé di nhanh hon va xa hon trén bang tron lang. Déi truimg la lén "Quét!" va cdc dong doi b&t dau quét mat bang. Thuing thutmg ngu¥i ta quét san nha hoac f dutmg bang chéi. Ho khong quét khi choi thé thao. Curling lA mén choi ky la. A 1) Curling 5) sweep 2) swings / curves 6) straight 3) sidewall 7) yells 4 flat / handle 8) smooths B. 1) yelled A) eweep / sidewall: 7) curves 2) straight / curly 5) swing §) captain 3) smooth 6) handle 9) flat c 1) pepper 5) kicked 9) decide 2) seems. 6) nuts 10) would 3) either 7) tribe 11) cubes 4) footprints 8) folded 12) metric system D. 1) It is popular in Canada. 2) No, they didn’t 3) Hight people play curling at one time. 4) Yes, they play it indoors. 5) They use the handle to slide the stone. 6) Because the stone curls or curves as it slides along. 3257 8) ‘To make the ice smooth for the stone to go faster and farther. ‘When one of his players throws the stone. iT, 27, 3T, 4F, SF, GF, 7T, 8T, OF 3 Bai 3 LACROSSE Lacrosse lA mdt thé thao phd bin khac & Canada. Né JA mét trong nhimg mén thé thao té chic lau déi nhiit 6 chau My. Nguti da dd 6 bic tigu bang New Yoric va nam Ontario, Canada, phat minh ra trd choi nay. Ho ding né dé hudn luyén chin dau. Ho phat minh ra trd choi nay trudc khi Columbus dat chan dén Tan thé gidi. Nguoi ta choi lacrosse ngoai tri. San choi lacroase dai 70m. 6 mdi dau san 0} médt khung thanh. Khung thanh 18 mot cai iuéi. Mai d0i oS mudi ngudi. Mai cau thé: c6 mot cay vot goi JA ‘erosse’. Ho dap mt trai banh chu vi 2lcm va nang 140g. Ho ©@ ging dénh banh vao ludi cang nhieu fan cang tt. Lacrosse Ja mot mon choi rat nhanb vi cdc cau thi o6 thé bit va chuyén banh rat nhanh bing vot cia ho. Da o6 thoi lacrosse la mdn thé thao mua he quée gia 6 Canada. Né cung phd bign o Anh va Uc. A. Lb 2) 3 ) 2) 3) i, i 2 3) national 4) paas / high speed 7) net goal 5) train Lacrosse 6) field passed 4) speed training 5) national net 6) field / goal 2g, Si, 4j, Sa, Ge, Tm, 8b, 9k, 10e, 1d, In The Indians in northern New York State and southern Ontario, Canada invented it. Both were used to train for war. Canada, Britain and Australia play it.4) There are 2 goals, 5) There are 10 players on each team. 6) Each player has a stick called a “crosse” 7) They try to hit the ball into the net as many times as possible. 8! Because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed 91 Because people can’t play lacrosse outdoors in winter in Canada. 10) Iv isa sport that has rules and regulations. la, 2b, 3c, da, 5b, 6a, 7a, 8d vO VAT SUMO Vat Sumo la mon thé thao quéc gia d Nhat Ban. Hang nam 6 sau cude thi dau va hang trigu ngwoi Nhat xem qua truyén hinh. Mor cude tranh tai gom hang leat cae tran dau. Sumo duge khai sinh khi Nhat Ban lap quéc.Truyen thuyét ké ring da 06 vo vit Sumo han 2000 nam truse. Lich siz ghi lai cd nhtmg cude tranh tai quéc gia vao thé ky thir 8. Cac van dong vién thutmg dm va cé thé di chuyén nhanh. Xem ho thi dau that dep. Tuy nhién cic tay vat Sumo cin nang tir 100 dén 160 kilo. Mét tay vat néi tiéng cin nang tdi 195 kilo. Van ddng vitn Sumo tréng khéng dep va mén Sumo la min thé thao rat cham. Van dong vién sumo khai su tap luyén khi con la:cdc cau trai Hy tap luyén dé co thé manh me. Ho cung an, an va an. Van dong vitn Sumo thi dau trong mot voug tron co nen cat. Mot tay vat sé thua n@u roi vong. Anh ta clin thin weu hit Ky phaéu nao cua od thé ngvai tri hai han char hi cham dat. Moi iv vin en cig day déi thd nga xudng sin hoae ra khoi veng, Hur khi mot tay vat chi vii. bude qua ban khi déi tha xd vao anh ta, Va d6i thu 44 bi ige irae ce ca Khoi vi ng. Nguoi ngoai quée thuimg nghi Sumo rat ky la, nhung aguti Nhat yéu thich mon. nay. Ngay ca gidi tre cling thay mon thé thao truyén théng nay that soi dong. 327v 2) 3) 4) 5) st) 328 2 3) 4) le, b 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) D 8) 9) steps aside / rushes 6) athletes series 7) tournaments except / touches 8) ring Sumo wrestling 9) exercise exciting ring 5) except 9) touch wrestle 6) series 10) exciting aside 7) tournament 11) excercise Athletes 8) rushed 12) stepped 2h, Si, 41, 5k. 6d, 7a, 8g, 9b, 10c It is popular in Japan. It is a series of matches. Yes, it is. ‘They are much heavier and move slowly. They start training when they are boys. They exercise to make their bodies strong. They also eat and eat and eat. It is a round ring with a sand floor. If he leaves the ring or if any part of his body except his feet touches the floor. Maybe not. No, it isn’t. la, 2c, 3c, 4b, 6d, Td, 8aBUA CHAY BO CUA NGUOI TARAHUMARA Ngudi da do Tarahumara sing @ ving ndi thudc bang Chihuahua 4 Mexico. Day la vung nui cao va thung ling nhit déi stu. Vé mia dong ddi khi trén nui 05 tuyét. Neguvi da dé séng trong hang, nha bang dé hose gb. Ho e6 nhimg trang trai nhé. Khéng 6 nhidu dutng. Nhimg nguti da dé khacé Mexico ding ngya hodc lita dé dilai. Newdi Tarahumaras i bd bat err noi dau. Ho deo nhimg gid nang tren lung. C6 le day IA ly do tai sae ho chay that tuyét voi. Ho cé thé chay nhiéu km khong met va ho thich cdc cuge dua. Khi dan tng chay dua, ho 44 mot trai banh g6 dang trude ho. Trude khi chay ho dn dinh chay & dau va trong bao lau. Cé thé chi chay vai pluit hode vai git. Dai khi chay thanh ddi hoc chay c4 nhan. Cuode dua cia phy nit tuong ty ngoai trit ho khong da banh. Ho ném edi vong gO dang truéc ho bang cay gay. Nguti Tarahumara 06 nhimg mon choi va thé thao khéc. Ho edn choi cA mot loai lacrosse. Tuy nhién ngudi Tarahumara néi tigng vi ho chay nhanh vA xa. A 1) donkeys 5) backs 9) ring 2) ahead 6) similar 10) individual 3) valleys 7) races 11) wherever 4) excellent 8) hoop B. 1) races 4) Donkeys / backs 7) individually 2) ring 5) ahead 8) excellent 3) similar 6) valley 9) wherever Cc 1) swept 5) athletes 9) except 2) net 6) excited 10) series 3) fields 7) exercise 11) speeding 4) handle 8) drum D. 1) They live in the mountains in the state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. 2) It is an area of high mountains and deep tropical valleys 3) Yes, it sometimes snows. 3294) From their small farms. 5) They walk. 6) They travel by horse or donkey. 7) They kick a wooden ball ahead of them while they run. Before running they plan where and how long they will run. They might run in teams or individually. 8) No, they don’t 9) The women do not kick a ball. They throw a wonden hoop in front of them with a stick. 10) [t is a ring or circle. 1) Because they always walk and carry heavy baskets on their backs in an area of high mountains and deep tropical valleys. 1T, 2T, 3F, 47, 5Ni, GF, 7NI, 8NI, OF, 10F 2 * * ® WORD STUDY 1 * Europe: a,¢ * Asia : fg, hy * Africa : d, b * Australia * Antarctica ; j * North America : i * South America : e 2 ‘ * Mexico : a * The United States : ¢, f, g * Malaysia : b * Canada :h + Italy tej * The Philippines : i * Japan: d birthday bedroom somehow tablecloth grassland doorbell daylight summertime teammate sunrise / sunlightoT 2 3 4) Lb a 4) Bt ar bb a a e 2 hb D j eube } cubic 6 moves / movement a ability / able & freedom / free (or freed) » dry / drier / dry 10> stepped 6) spoke ll mixed D) tried 12) kept 8) met 13) led 9) paid 14) buiit 10} sold 15) He drove fast because he was in a hurry. nationality / national excited / excitement thinking / thought runs / runner / running pleasant § pleased thought grew lost dripped sent They swept the street at 5 o'clock this morning. He drank too much beer to drive safely. They flew south in the summer of 1984. She heard the bad news yesterday. The door slid silently. The police caught 2 robbers yesterday. I felt happy because I passed the exam. They forgot to close the windows last night. She ran the company badly last year. 2a, 3b, 4c, 5b, Ga, 7c, 8b. 331Ariantic = —_ SQUATOR Ocean Luu f : Ban dé nay theo dn ban nam 1986Vocabulary A + able /cibl/ (adj) be able to do sth = up kha nang + about jvbaol/ (adv) = khoang = approximately. nearly + above /o’bav/ (prep) = higher than (sth) > accept /ak’sepu’ (v) = nhdn, chdp nhdn * across /o’kros/ (adv, prep) = ngang qua, phia bén kia «add /xd/ (v) = thém Lao, eng van + adult “dalt . xdalt! (n, adj) = grown up = trading thanh, nari iim + adventure /od’vemtJo(r)/ (n) = phidu haw + afraid /sfreid/ (adj) = sv hdi = frightened + age ‘cid3/ (n) = tudi, thei dai, thoi ky * ago /9’qau/ (adv) = in the past * agree jausi: (v) = don ¥ = disagree * ahead ‘vhed of (prep) = in front of + alive (alaiv/ (adj) = sdng = tiving, not dead ¢ all over = everywhere + alone /a'louw (adj, adv) = mot minh + already /a:Vredi/ (adv) = da, ri + also fodsau/ (adv) = too, besides, in addition * amba: sador ‘xm basada(r)/ (n) = dai sé * among /o'man/ (also amongst /9’m.nst/ (prep) = trong si + apart jo’pats (adv) = tach mm, riény biet ¢ appear /o’pia(ry (v) = xudt Aién * disappear * aquarium /akweariony (n) =ao nhdn tqo, be ca ~ area /corio/ (n) = vierg, khu vyc = region 334s army ?ami/ (n) = gudén doi * around /vraund/ (prep) = khodng = approximately, about + arrest /a'resl/ (v) = bdt gitt = catch, seize, capture + arrive /o'raiv/ (v) = come, reach * art ‘au (n) = nehé thudt + artificial sa: ly (adj) = nhan tav = man-made + aside /o’said/ (adv) = qua mot bén, sang bén + athlete /atli:/ (n} = udn dong: vién, lye st + attend /ytend/ (v) = tham dur = join, take part in, participate in + avalanche /zvalains ; US ~ tentj/ (n) = tuyét lo + axe (US ax) /eky (n) = riu, nea EF * back /hack/ (n) = Ling * bake /beik/ (v) = nuving > ballpoint = ball-point pen = duit bi + bamboo /bam’bu:/ (n) = tre + basket /beskiv/ (n) = gid + battle “bail (n) = tnin danh + be able to + v = can + v + beak /bi:k/ (n) = mo (chim) + bear ‘hea(ry/ (n) = gain * beard fbiad/ (n) = rdu, rdu quai nin + become, became, become (v) = tnt thanh + believe /niliiw/ (v) = tin tung , + bell foel’ (n) = chudng: * belong to (v) = thuge vé + below /bi'low/ (prep, adv) = lower than # above 335+ bend’ /bend/, bent, bent = cong, aap * beside /bisaid/ (prep) = bén canh = next to, by « better /beta(r)/ (comparative form of good and well) * blow /blou/, blew, blown = thdi + boring /bo:rin/ (adj) = chan # interesting, exciting * both ‘bout’ (adj. pronoun) = ea hai + bottle /botl/ (n) = chai * brave /breiv/ (adj) = can ddm = courageous, fearless + breathe /bri:d/ (v) = Ait the + broom /bro:m/ (n) = choi + bubble ?babl/ (n) = bong bing » burn, burnt, burnt or burned, burned = dét, chdy, phéng + button /bain/ (n) = mut, cue « by oneself = alone, without help + caffeine /kafi:n/ (n) = chdt caphéin camel /keml/ (n) = lac da can /kxn/ (n) = lon, hop = tin + canoe /ko'nu:/ (n) = xudng, thuyén captain /keptin/ (n) = doi truing, dai ty, thugén tredng capture /kaptfo(ry/ (v) = bat gid = arrest, seize carbon dioxide /ka:bon dai’oksaid/ (n) = kht CO2 eard /ka:d/ (n) = thiép, eae, la bai carry kari (v) = mang, xdch catch /kaxt{ , caught, caught /ko:t/ = bdt, tom cattle /katl/ (n) = trdu b6 cave /keiv/ (n) = hang dong 396* century /scnifory (n) = thé ky + cheap /1fi:p/ (adj) = inexpensive + costly, dear + chew Aju (v) = nhai + chicle /tfikl/ (n) = chat nhiga tring, la neuyén ligu chinh lam keo cao su + choose /tJu:7/, chose Afouz/, chosen ?t{suza/ = ea chon = select, pick out * claw /kloy (n) = mong, vuct + climate /klaimil/ (n) = RAY héu * climb /klaim/ (v) = leo tréo * cloth /kind ; US klo:0/ (n) = vai + cloud /klaud/ (n) = may > club /klab/ (n) = Adi, cdu lac 66 + coal /koul/ (n) = than dé; charcoal = than cui, than hdm * coast /koust/ (n) = deiyén hai, bo bién + collect /ks’lekt/ (v) = thu gum, thau thap + colony /kolani/ (n) = thude dia + comfortable /kamftabl ; US—fart-/ (adj) = thodi mdi, tign nghi * common /kpman/ (adj) = chung, phd bién, thudng gap ~ * company /kamponi/ (n) = cong ty = firm + competition /ompo'tifn/ (n) = thi déu, tranh tai * complete /kom’pli:t/ (adj) = ddy du, hoan toan W) = hodn tat + computer /kom’pju:ta(r)/ (n) = mdy dién todn / vi tinh * continue /kan'tinju:/ (v) = tiép tuc + cool /ku:l (v, adj) = (lam) mat + could + v = was able to + v * * cover /kava(r)/ (v) = che phu + crop /krop/ (n) = vy mua, edy trong AQ+ cross /kros ; US kra:s/ (v) = bang qua, di qua + cubic /kju:bik’ (adj) = RAGt vudng, theo don vi RhGi + curling ’ka:lin/ (n) = modn curling * current Pkarany (n) = dong chay + curve /ks:vj (v) = tu thanh duving con, di chuyén theo duvme cong + dance /da:ns ; US dans/ (n, v) = Rhiéu vu, mia + dangerous /deindgarav (adj) = nguy hiém = safe « dark /dak/ (adj) = « date /deil/ (n) = ngay thang = dead /ded/ (adj) = chét # living, alive ¢ deaf /dct/ (adj) = unable to hear + death /dell/ (n) = chat - decide /di'said/ (v) = quyét dinh = make up one’s mind / a descision «deep /dip/ (adj) = sdu # shallow Oi, sam # light « defeat ‘difi! (v) = danh bai = win, overcome * lose, fail + deliver /dilivo(r)) (v) = giao, dua cho + describle /di’skraib/ (v) = mo td « desert Pdcaat (m) = sa mac + difficult /difikalt/ (adj) = hard, not easy + dig fdig/, dug, dug /d.g/ = vao + dip lip: (v) = nhung vac + dirt jds:t/ (a) = dat, chat ban « disease ‘divi’ (n) = bénh = illness, sickness » distance /distans! (n) = Rhodng vdch «dolphin /dolfin’ (adj) = cd heo + donkey /donki’ (n) = con lua 338; “ + double /dabl/ (adj) = kép, ddi + dozen /dazn/ (n) = twelve + drip dev (v) = nhé, nhéu git + drum /dram/ (n) = tring + during /djuarin ; US *duar~/ (prep) = trong Rhi E + each other = ldn nhau, vdi nhau * ear fio(r/ (n) = tai + earn /3:n/ (v) = kiém duge + earth /3:6/ (n) = trai dat, dat an (adj) = thudc phia dong v either /aido(r) ,’i:a(r)/ = hoge, mt trong hai + elbow /clbau/ (n) = cui cho, khuju tay + elevator /eliveita(r)/ = thang may = lift * embarrass jim’beras/ (v) = Iam qué, sugng sing * enemy /cnami/ (n) = dich, ké thi = foe ° energy /cnadsi/ (n) = nang luyng * enjoy /in’d3>i/ (v) = thudng thie, hudnge * enough /inaf/ = du + enter /cnta(r)/ (v) = ude, gia nhap + Equator /’kweita(r)/ (n) © atch dao * evaporate /i'vzxparcit/ (v) = bée hoi * even /i:vn/ (adv) = thém chi, ngay ci dén * ever /eva(r)/ (adv) = cb} ban gid, da ting + excelient fcksalant/ (adj) = very good + except /ik’sepli (prep) = myoagi tnr + exciting /ik’sailing/ (adj) = interesting * boring 339+ exercise /eksosaiz/ (n, v) = tdp luyén * expensive /ik’spensiv/ (adj) = costly, dear # cheap, inexpensive »* explorer /ik'splo:ra(r)/ (n) = nha tham hiém + eyelash = lash (n) = ling mi F + fair ffea(r)) (n) = Adi che + famous /feimos/ (adj) = ndi tiéng = well-known © farm fan (n) = néng trai * farmer /fa:ma(r)/ (n) = nérig dan, chit trai + fastener /fa:sna(r) ; US ‘fesna(r) (n) = dé oft / bude ¢ feather /feda(r)/ (n) = léng va + feed = (v) cho dn; (n) bia Gn, tic dn gia sic + fertilizer /fs:tolaiza()/ (n) = phan bon + field /fiid/ (n) = déng ruéng, cinh déng + fill Ail’ (v) = dé ddy, lam ddy + finally /fainali/ (adv) = at last, eventually * flat /fizt/ (adj) = béng phdng; (n) can hp * flavor /flciva(r) (n) = vi (also flavour) + flexible /ficksabl/ (adj) = (1) b& duye, gdp dug; (2) uyén chuyén, link done + flute /flu:t/ (n) = sdo + fly flav , flew, flown’= bay * fold ‘up = gdp igi * footprint (n) = ddu chdén + forest /forist/ (n) = ring + fountain pen /fauntin ; US— in/ (n) = brit may = freedom /fri:dom/ (n) = tr do 340+ freeze, froze, frozen = ding dic, dong cung - + fresh water (n) = nude ngpt (séng) * sea water / salt water + fried /fraid/ (adj) = chién, xdo, rang + frog frog (n) = ech * fur As:(r)! (n) = long thi + future /fjutfo(r)/ (a, adj) = twong lai G * game /gcim/ (n) = tro choi, mon choi * gas /gxs/ (n) = (1) xang (petrol); = (2) Rat, Aoi + gift /eifv (n) = qua tang = present + giraffe /dsi're-f ; US dzo'raf/ (n) = Auvu cao cd + glad /glzd/ (adj) = happy, pleased, delighted 7. + glove /glav/ (n) = sting, bao tay + goal /gou¥ {n) = (1) khung thanh; (2) ban thdng * goat /gouv (n) = dé /* + goverment /gavanmant/ (n) = chinh phil, nha nude / + governor /gavona(r)/ (n) = thong déc, Agudi cai tri * graphite /grefai/ (n) = chdt graphite + grase /gra:s ; US gras/ (n) = 03 * great /greit/ (adj) =\(1) wonderful, excellent; + (2) very big . grind, ground, ground = nghién nhd * ground /graund/ (n) = ddt, mat ddt * group /gru:p/ (n) = nhém, ddi * grow, grew, grown (v) = (1) lén lén, phat trién; (2) nudi, trong * guayule /gwai’u:li/ (n) = cdy guayule «© gum /gam/ (n) = mu ken, keo cao suIR + handle /hzxndl/ (n) = tay cdm, tay ndém + hang, hung, hung (v) = treo + hate /heit/ (v) = ghét = dislike - heat /hi:t/ = (n) stéc néng, nhiét (v) dun nong, lam néng » heavy /hevi/ (adj) = nang = light + high speed /spird/ (n) = tdée dé can, nhanh + highway /haiwei/ (n) = xa 16 » history /histri/ (n) = lich su + hit , hit, hit (v) = danh, dgp, dung « hold on = bam vdo, bdu vdo + hole /havl/ (a) = 13 + holiday /holedei/ (n) = ngdy nghi, 1é » hook shu:k/ (n) = moc * hoop /hu:p/ (n) = vong + however /hav'eva(r)/ (adv) = but, yet A + hump /hamp/ (n} = budu A + hunt /hant (v) = san bin + hurt, hurt, hurt (v) = lam dau, tén thuong + hyacinth /haiasinO/ (n) = luc binh i + ice /ais/ (n) = bang da + idea /ai'dia/ (n) = ¥ kien, 5 turing + if fif/ (conj) = néu « immediately /i’mi:distli/ (adv) = right away, at once + independent /indi’pendont/ (adj) = déc dp # dependent 342individual /indi‘vid3ua// (n, adj) = cd nhan injure ?indga(r)/ (v) = hurt, harm ink /ink/ (n) = mec insect /insck (mn) = odn tring, sdu bo instead of /in’sted/ (prep) = thay vi international /into’na{nal/ (adj) = quéc té interpret /in'ts:prit/ (v) = théng dich, théng ngén invent /in’vent/ (v) = phdt minh island /ailand/ (n) = déo J + jewelry (jewellery) fd3u:olri/ (n) = dé trang sic, ngoc nea + job /d3nb/ (n) = nghé, cong viée *_ + jump /d3amp/ (n, v) = nhdy 7 ¢ jungle "dsangv (n) = ning ¢ + just /d3asi/ (adv) = only, simply K * kick /kik/ (n, v) = da © Kall /kil/ (v) = giét * kind /kaind/ (n) = iogi = sort, type + kiwi ’ki:wi:/ (n) = chim kiwi, nguti New Zealand + knee nit (n) = dau gdi » kneel /ni://, knelt, knet, /nelt/ or kneeled, kneeled (US) = quy * knock out (v) = danh guc, ha do van L + lacrosse /Is’kros ; US—krass/ (n) = mén lacrosse + lake /lcik/ (n) = h6 343As re lamb /lamy (n) = cu non, thit aru large /la:d3/ (adj) = big, not small lay, laid, laid (v),= (1) dat dé; (2) de (tring) lazy /lcivi/ (adj) = brdi ¥ hardworking lead (Pb) /led/ (n) = (kim logi) chi leader /li:do(r)/ (n) = ldnh tu, lanh dgo leaf Ai-f/ (plural noun leaves) = 1é cdéy leak Aizk/ (vy) = nr 6 chéy ra leave, left, left (v) = (1) roi bo; (2) dé tai left flefu (adj) = ben trdi length flen@/ (n) = chiéu dai less /lcs/ (than) = if hon lie, lay, Iain (v) = ném (lie > lying) locust /loukast/ (n) = edo cao, chdu chdu lonely /iounli/ (adj) = 3 don, «3 déc lose, lost, lost (v) = mat lovely /lavii/ (adj)= (1) beautiful. attractive; (2) enjoyable, pleasant low /Asvu/ (adj, adv) = thip lucky /laki/ (adj) = fortunate ¥ unlucky, unfortunate lying (present participle of lie) M ’ machine /m2’fi:n/ (n) = may mail /meil/ (n) = thir tt, thir tin mammal /maml (n) déng gt c6 vit map /mzp/ (n) = trdn dau = game, contest measure /mc3a(r)/ (v) = do dav, do lung member /membo(r)/ (n) = thanh vién, hoi viénmetal /metl/ (n) = kim logi methane gas /mi:0cin/ (n) (also marsh gas) = khi metan metric /mctrik/ (adj) = thudc vé mét, hé thap phan middle ?midl/ (n, adj) = gia, digm gita might ‘mail (past form of may) mix /miks/ (v} = pha trén mixture /mikstfa(r)/ (n) = hdn hop modern /mpdn/ (adj) = hién dai motorcycle (also motorbike) = xe gdn mdy mustache /mastzf/; moustache /ma’sta:f/ (n) = ria move /mu:v/ (v) = di chuyén, chuyén dong museum /mju:’7iom/ (n) = vién béo tang © musie /mjuzik/ (n) = dm nhac & + national /nafnal/ (adj) = quéc gia, nha nucic + natural /natJrat/ (adj) = tu nhién, thién nhiéen = man-made, artificial navy “neivi/ ().= Adi qudn nearby (adj) = near, not far away; near by (adv) = Idn cdn, gan nearly /nioli/ (adv) = almost nervous /nawvos/ (adj) = lo léng, bon chon = tense, excited, unstable nest /nest/ (n) = t6, 6 net incl (a) F hei nomad {noumacd/ (n) = ddn du muc north /nv:6/ (n, adj) = bdc, Aung bd northern /no:don (adj) = thude phia bde . nut /nau (n) = trdi cd v6 cuéing ud nhdn (hét) bén trong 345,© object /obdzikt/ (n) = vdt, dé vat ocean /aufn/ (n)} = dai duong official /2’fif/ = (adj) chinh thiéc; (n) vién chire, quan chite only /ounli/ (adj, adv) = chi, duy nhdt ordinary ’>:danci ; US ’o:rdaneri/ (adj) = usual, normal #* extraordinary organize /’:gonaiz/ (v) = 13 chic oven favi/ (n) = bép lo over = (1) more than (2) ended, finished own /aon/ = cia riéng, tu minh, te lam Idy BP * palm /pa:m/ (also palm tree) = cdy ho dun * pass ‘pas ; US pas/ (v) = (1) go, move (2) throw = chuyén, ném peace /pi:s/ (n) = hoa bink * war, fighting pepper /pepa(r)/ (mn) = tiéu, dt percent (US), per cent /po’scny (adj, adv) = % perhaps /px’hzxps, also Preps) (adv) = maybe, possibly piano/pi’anaw (n) = dan diwong cim pickup truck = pick-up = xe vgn tai nhe (small van or truck) pilot /pailat/ (n) = phi cing plan /plan/ (n, v) = Udp) ké hoach plant /plant/ = (v) (1) tring trot; (n) (2) edy, thuc.udt pleased /pli:zd/ (adj) = thoa man, hai long point /psint/ (n) = (1) diém; (2) dau nhon poison /prizn/ (n) = chat déc 346,* polar bear /paula(r) bear): (n) = gdu bade cure * popular /popjulo(r)/ (adj) = ua chung, pho bién + possible /posabl/ (adj) = cd thé, ob kha nang + postage *poustid3/ (n) = tién tem, buu phi, aude + practice /praktis/ (n, v) = thee tap, tdp luygn * pray /prei/ (v) = edu nguyén * pre- (prefix) = before; prepaid = paid before ° prince /prins/ (n) = king’s son or grandson * princess /prin’ses/ (n) = king’s daughter or granddaughter * probably /probobii/ (adv) = perhaps, possibly, maybe + problem /problony (n) = trouble, difficulty + proud /praud/ (adj) = Adnh dién, te hao Q + quickly /kwikli/ (adv) = fast, rapidly * slowly R race /reis’ (n) = cude dua raise /reiz/ (v) = (1) ndng lén (lift); (2) nudi (grow) raja, rajah /ra:d39/ (n) = vi raja (king or prince) raw /ro:/ (adj) = uncooked + reach /ri:tf/ (v) = come, arrive really /riali/ (adv) = thét sw = truly, in reality receive jri'si:v/ (v) = nha@n = get, accept, take reindeer /reindia(r)/ (n) = tudn Iéc religion /ri'lid3an/ (n) = tén gido revohution /reva'lv:fn/ (n) = céch mang rice /rais! (n) = gao, lia, com 347ring (n) = (1) vong, nhdn; — (2) vé dai quyén Anh roast froust/ (v) = nung quay, roti rock /rok/ (n) = da roll ‘rool (v) = lan tron, cudn roof /ro:l! (n) = mdi round /raond/ (n. adj) = vong tron row /rau/ (n) = Aang = line royalty /roiaki/ (n) = hodng gia, hoang toc rubber /raba(r)/ (n) = cao su rug /rag/ (n) = tham nhé ruler frula(r)/ (n) = nha cai tri = governor, king rush jraf/ (v) = dd x6, chay do ti 8 * * safe /scif/ (adj) * dangerous sailor /scila(r)/ (n) = thay thi = seaman salt /so:ly (n) = mudi sandwasp /sendwosp/ (n) = ong dat + sandal /srndl/ (n) = gidy xaryedan, dep save /sciv/ (v) = tiét ki@m, dé danh * spend, lose, waste scientist /saiantist/ (n) = nha khoa hoc section /sckfa/ (n) = phdn, mii seed /si:d/ (n) = Agt, h6t seem /sim/ (v) = ob vé, dung nhw series /sisti:z/ (n) = logt, 66 shape ‘jcip/ (n) = dane, hinh dang = form shave /‘Jeiv/ (v) = cao rdu shell /fel/ (n) = vd sé 348shine /Jain/, shone, shone = chiéu sing, bong - shoot /fu:/ , shot, shot = bdn = fire how /{au/ (n) = trinh dién, bidu dién idewalk (US) = pavement = via hé, le dung sign jsain’'(n) = ddu higu silk /silk/ (n) = lua silver /silvo(r)/ (n) = bac similar /simila(r)/ (adj) = tuong tur size /saiz/ (n) = 03, kich thude ski /skiy (n) = dé inegt tuyét (v) (skid or skied; skiing) = tnogt tuyét . . skin /skin/ (n) = da, vo sled /sied/; sledge /sled3/ (n) = xe trugt tuyét slide /slaid/ (v) = truyt sloth jsloo0/ (n) = con ledi smell] /smel/ = (n) khiiu gide, mui (v) (smelt or smelled) = ng smooth ismu:d/ = (adj) bing phdng, tron lang # rough © snow /snou/ = (n) tuvet; (v) tuyét roi 80 (conj) = dy dé, dé so (adv) = very © soft soft ; US so:ft/ (adj) = mém mai * hard, rough, tough * softener /spfna(r) ; US ‘sa:fna(r)/ (a) = chat lam mém soil /s>il/ (n) = ddl, dat tring + soldier Psauldgatry/ (n) = Linh solve /solv/ (v) = find an answer to somehow /‘samhau/ (US also someway) (adv) = bang eich nao dé, vi ly du nao dé, khéng hidu sav * soon /su:n/ (adv) = som, chang ban léu 349. . 350 sound /saond/ (n) = dm thank southern /stdan/ (adj) = phia nam; south /sav6/ (n, adj) speed /spi:d/ (n) = tée dé = velocity spend , spent, spent = xdi, trai qua spider /spaida(r)/ (n) = nhén spin , spun, spun (v) = dét, cudn, cudn spirit /spirit/ (n) = hon ma = ghost stair /sica(r)/ (n) = edu thang, bde thang stamp /stamp/ (n) = tem thir star /sto:(r)/ (n) = ngdi sav stay /stci/ (v) = 6, heuw lei step /step/ (n, v) = bude stick jstik: (n) = que. cdy stomach /stamak/ (n) = bao tr, da day, bung stone /slaun/ (n) = cuc da store /stx:(r)/ (v) = dig trit = collect and keep sth for future use bao straight /streity (adj) = thang * curved - storm /sto:m/ (n) strange /strcind3/ (adj) = ky iq = special, peculiar strip ‘stripy (n) = dai, bang strong /stron : US stro:n/ (adj) = manh, ehfic, khée suddenly /sAdnli/ (adv) = unexpectedly, all of a sudden sumo /'si:mau/ (also sumo wrestling) (n)} = vd vgt sumo suppose /so’pouz/ (v) = believe, imagine sweep /swi:p/, swept, swept /swepl = quét i (adj) = ngut sweetener /swittna(r)) = chdt lam ngot sweet /swi swim, swam, swum = boi [di+ swing , swung, swung = lde lu, quang, chuyén + system /‘sistom/ (n) = AB thong = network T tail fcil/ (n) = dudi taste /tcist/ = (n) khdu vi (v) ném team /tim/ (n) = doi, nhom temperature /tempratfa(r) ; US ‘tempartfuar/ (n) = nhiét dé tent jcnl (n) = Bu tern /s:n/ (n) = nhan bién terrible /teribl/ (adj) = very bad # great, wonderful Thanksgiving (Day) = holiday in the USA (on the fourth Thursday in November) and Canada (on the second Monday in October) to give thanks to God theater /Viota(r) ; US “bi:otar/ (a) = rap Adt thick /(ik/ (adj) = day # thin thin /lin/ (adj) = (1) not thick; (2) not fat tire (US) Ptaia(r)/ = tyre = lép xe toenail (n) = mong chén together /ta’geda(r)/ (adv) = cing nhaw tool ftu:l/ (n) = dung cu touch /laif/ (v) = sé, cham + tournament /(o:namant ; US ‘tarn-/ (n) = gidi thi ddu, tranh tai toward(s) ‘ta'wo:d(z) ; US ta:rd(z)/ (prep) = vé phia traditional /tra’difonl/ (adj) = truyén thong, oF truyén train /trein/ = (n) xe hia; (uv) hudn luyén = teach, educate travel /travl (n, v) = du lich, di lai tribe /traib/ (n) = 66 lac 351, * trip /trip/ (n) = chuyén di + tropics /tropiks) (n) = ving nhigt ddi + truck /trak/ (n) = xe tai = lorry u + unlike (prep) = different from, not like * upside down /apsaid’ daun/ (adj, adv) = igt nguye + used to /jus to/ (modal verb) = tredc déy, da thudng Vv + valley fveti/ (n) = thung ling « visit /vizil (v, n)= viéng tham w * war /w>:(r)/ (n) = chin tranh * peace * warm /wa:nv (adj) = dm # cool, cold + wavy /weivi/ (adj) = gon séng * weapon /wepon/ (n} = vd RAY web fveb/ (n) = mang, luvi weigh wei (vy) = adn nang west /west/ (n,adj) = phia tdy whatever Avolevo(r) ; US hwot-/ = bdt cit (diéu gi) wherever /wesr'eva(r) ; US hwear-/ = bdt ak dau while /wail ; US bwail/ (conjunction) = trong khi whole /houl/ (adj) = complete, entire ‘ wide /waid/ (adj) = réng # narrow wild jwaild/ (adj) = dai, hoang dé = tamed, domestic win won, won = thing * lose, fail 352+ wonderful /wandofl/ (adj= (1) very good; (2) surprising + wood /wo:d/ (n) = (I) gd; (2) ning ¢ worm /w3:m/ (n) = giun + wrestling /reslin/ (n) = 06 vdt, dau vét Y + yearly (adj, adv) = every year or once a year + yell /jeV (n, v) = la, hét (cry, shout) * yet /jet/ not ... yet = chia # already Zz + zipper (zip; zip fastener) (n) = day kéo, “fee mo tuya” 353Simple be become begin blow bring build buy catch choose come cut do (does) drink drive , eat fall feel fight find fly forget. freeze get give go (goes) grow have (bas) hear hit hurt keep 354 Irregular verbs fell felt fought found flew forgot froze got gave went grew had hit hurt kept Past Participle been become begun blown brought built bought caught chosen. come cut done drunk driven eaten fallen felt fought found flown forgotten frozen. got (gotten) given gone grown had heard hit hurt kept. thi, la. o tro thanh bat dau thai mang (dén).. xéy dyng mua bat, tom lua, chon. dén edt, lam udng 1a an té, nga cam thaly chién dau, danh nhau tim thay bay quén déng, lam déng lay, duge, dén cho di nuéi, tréng, lén lén 0%, an, uéng nghe dung, dinh lam dau, ton thuong girSimple know lead leave lose make meet pay put see sell send sleep slide spend slept slid spoken. spent swept taken taught thought biet dan dén, linh dao voi bo, dé lai mat lam, san xudt gap, dap ting tra tién dat, dé reng chudng, goi dién thoai chay nhin, thay, xem ban gi ngu trugt, lin ndi xai, trai qua quét lay day, huan luyén néi, ké nghi hiéu mac thing viet356 Sample Test 1 E GRAMMAR 1. This dictionary doesn’t belong to Amy B. mine C.me D.myown 2. We often gn to the park Sunday morning. Aon B.in Cat D. from. 3. They haven’t seen for each other at least three months. Asince Bduring C.for D.in 4 Tsaw him out of the room. Ago B.badgune —_C.. has gone D. goes 5 Of all the boys he sang : A. better B. much better C. the best D. very well 6. Look at the children over there. What ? A do they do B. are they doing C. they are doing D.ishe doing 7. The teacher told them make so much noise. A. don’t B.not = C. will not D. not to 8. The foreign guests here almost a week. A. have arrived B. have been C. have reached D. have got 9. He suddenly remembered that he. his key at home. A had forgot B. has left C. has forgotten D. had left 10. There's still water in the bottle. You may drink it. A few B. afew C. tittle D. alittle 11. You've droopped your pencil . A Pick up it B. Pick it up C. Take upit D. Bringit up 12. You may leave the classroom when you writing. A. willfinish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished 13. He was made 4 Ago B. gone € going D. toge 14. He can’t drive a car A So can't! B. Can't 1 either C. I can’t too D. Neither can I 15. My room is the third floor. A at B. on Cin D. to 16. 1 had to tell the truth, 2A-haven’t} — B.wouldn’t] = C.didn’tI_—_(D. shouldn't L 17. They'll leave a week today. A. from B.on C. by D. for 18. As he had no pen, he used a pencil . A. too. B. also C. instead of D. instead 19. I’m going te have my radio A fixed B. to fix C. fix D. fixing 20. Let’s stop by the on the way home. A. books store B. book's store C. bookstore D. store of books. i. READING COMPREHENSION A.A Clever Monkey A university professor recently made several tests with different animals to find out which was the cleverest. He found out that the monkey was cleverer than other animals. In one test the professor put a monkey in a room where there were several small boxes. Some boxes were inside other boxes. One small box had some food inside of it. The Professor wanted to watch themonkey and to find outhow longit would take the monkey to find the food. The professor left the room. He waited a few minutes outside the door. Then he got down on his knees and put his eye to the keyhole. What did he see? To his surprise he found himself looking into the eye of the monkey. The monkey was on the other side of the door and looked at the professor through the keyhole. 1. The professor wondered A. whether animals were clever. B. how clever a monkey was. . C. which animal was the cleverest. D. ifthe monkey was cleverer than other animals. 2. The professor wanted to watch the monkey A. look for the small boxes. B. look for the food. C. move the boxes. D. eat the food. 3. Afver the professor left the room, the monkey began to guard the door. look at the key hole. watch the door. put one of its eyes to the key hole. yore 3574. What was the thing that surprised the profesor? The monkey A found the keyhole. B wason the other side of the door. C. got down on its knees D. was watching him through the keyhole. 5, A university professor recently made several tests with different animals The tests were made . A. long before B. before long Cc hot long ago D. just now B. Oil and Water A good friend of mine lives with six hundred wild animals on a Greek island. Ever since heleft school (where I first knew him) he has travelled all over the world collecting animals for his very own zoo. He hoped to collect two examples of every kind of animal on his island,like Noah before the Great Flood. But the flood that my friend was afraid of, was a flood not of water, but of people. I think you have heard of my friend: he writes books about the wild and wonderful animals that he collects. The money from the books helps to pay for all the food that these animais eat. My friend told me that when he was out looking for water last week (there is not. enough water on the island, though there is plenty all vound it), he found oil. He needs money for his travels, and for his zoo, and a little oil would buy enough water for all his life, but he knows that if he tells anybody else about it, it will be the end of his zoo. and his life’s work. So, if know my friend, he will not tell anybody (except you and me) about what he found — because oj] and water do not mix. 1. Why will my friend not tel anybody that he has found oil? A. He wants to make money from the oil alone. B. He is afraid that people will no longer come and visit his zoo. C. He doesn’t want to let others know his work. D. Heis afraid that his zoo will be destroyed. 2. My friend is afraid of A. agreat flood. B. too many people. c a lovof animals. D. agreat dealof oil. 3. How does he get money for his animals’ food ? A. He travels all over the world to coliect money. B. He sells oil on the island.C. He writes books and sells them. D. He shows his animals to people. 4. My friend knows oil and water do not mix. He knows that A. he can't mix oil with water. B. _ he won't get water if people come to look for oil. Cc. he won’t find water and oil in the same place, D. he can’t have both money and the zoo. 5. He is a good friend of mine. We are on weil with each other. Ataking — B. going C.coming D. getting * ** Sample test 2 i GRAMMAR ‘ 1. Goon in front. Pll s00n. : A catch youon B. catch you up with C. cateh up with you D. yott catch up with ‘ 2 ‘The moon always goes around the sun, ° A. doesn't it B. does it C. doesn't she D does she 3. don’t like this book. Would you please show me ? A other one B.another C.cneanother _D. one other 4 is present today. A.All B Everyone —C. Anyone D. Anybody 5. The cid woman has two daughters. of them are middle school students. A. Both B. Neither C. None D.All 6. will agree with you A. Nobody B. No body . Any body D. Some body 7 You promised to write the letter, you must do Ait B one C ones D which 8. It is often difficult to. what. to do. A. decide yourseft B. decide C. decide oneself D. decide himself . 9 listened to me. ‘A Noone B. Anyone doesn't C. Everyone doesn’t D. Someone doesn't10. Itis who am to blame. Ame Bmy CI D. mine 41. Thirty of them are boys, are girls. A. the others B. the other C.other D. others 12. are good friends. A. Tand he B. HeandI ©. Heand your D. You and me 13. know whether you can come tomorrow. A. Let mine B. Letus C.let’s D.Letour 14. At alarge university, one will almost always be able to find a friend who speaks language A. your B. our C.my D. his 15. "Is he a teacher of English?" "I think A yes B. it C. that D.s0 16. Apencil is useful tool. Aa B.an c. the D.any 17. He often studies English in A any morning B. morning ©. the morning D. a morning 18. He likes playing : Athepiano —B. piano C.apiano ‘(Dat the piano 19. My brother usually has bed. A. the breakfast in B. breakfast in C. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in the 20. in our class are all fond of reading. A The student B. A dtudent C. Student D. The students IL. READING COMPREHENSION A. Drinking the Ocean More than 70 percent of the earth is water. Yet in many places. people have very little water. In Africa, some people store water under the ground. They stere it in the shells of ostrich eggs. In other places, people walk miles to fill jars with water With 70 percentof the earth covered with water, why is this so? Most of the earth's water is seawater. The salt in seawater makes people sick. For many years now, we have been trying to desalt seawater. Desalting means taking out the pure water and jeaving the salt behind. 360Desalting machines are carried on many ships. The machines turn water into vapor Vapor is like fog. The vapor is turned back into fresh water. This isa good way to make fresh water. But it costs much money. We are now trying to desalt seawater with atomic energy. Someday the water you drink may come from the ocean. 1. People who drink seawater get sick because of the a fog bsalt — ¢. vapor d. ostriches. 2. The word in paragraph 1 that means to put away or save for later is : 3. The story says, "In Africa, some people store water under the ground. They store it in the shells of ostrich eggs.” The word it means 4. The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that a salt makes water taste good. b, people walk miles to get eggs. c. we can only drink fresh water. 5. Where are there desalting machines? a. Desalting machines are found along the beaches. b. Desalting machines are found in many factories. c. Desalting machines are carried on many ships. 6. The main idea of the whole story is that a. we are trying to desalt seawater. b, desalting machines do not cost much. c. all our eggs come from ostriches. 7. The word in sentence 5 that is the opposite of toemply is & The word in paragraph 2, sentence 4, that means take the salt out of seawater is B. Mountain Camels Llamas are members of the camel family. They live in large flocks in the Andes Mountains of South America. A full-grown llama measures a little over a meter (about 4 feet) tall at the shoulder. However, it can easily carry a load of about 45 kilograms (100 pounds}. Llamas can climb well. Thay can live on the plante that grow high up the mountains. In addition, Hamas can go for days without water. They get moisture from green plants. Llamas can be very stubborn. A tired llama or one that has too big a load may lie down and refuse to move. When allama is angry ot afraid, it will spit bad-smelling saliva. Sometimes it may even throw up. Llamas are used as beasts of burden by the people living in the Andes Mountains. In addition, these people use llama hair to make warm cloth and lama hide to make shoes. Sometimes they even use young llamas for food. As you can see, lamas are as useful to the mountain people as camels are to the nomads of the desert. 3611. Although not stated in the article, you can tell that. a. llamas make good pets. b. lamas are similar to camels. ¢. ilamas look like cats. 2. This article as a whole is about a. the Andes Mountains c, lamas and their uses. b. mountain travel. ¢. South America. 3. The word one in the second paragraph, second sentence, refers to 4.Llamashavehumpe. Yes No Does net say 5. Which two of these sentences are not true? a. Llamas sometimes spit. ~~ ¢. ‘Llamas are not strong. b. Indians eat Hamas. d. Llamas live in flocks. e. Llamas need water three times each day. 6. What word in the last sentence means wanderers? * wk Sample Test 3 I. GRAMMAR 1. My sister is old. A. 18 year B. 18 years C. [8-year D. 18-years 2. Don’t worry, you still have . Aa little time B. little time C. a little any time D. little zome times 3. A lot of people have got tired, but have succeeded, A the few B. some few Ca few D. few 4, Uncle Tom was a serious man who said . A much B. little C. few D. many 5. It’sa pity that you have time in New York on the tour. Asofew B.solittle C.afew D. alittle 6 Her uncle was five years ago. A.a policeman B. a policewoman C.a policemen D. a policewomen ” 7. Many are looking after her A. woman doctor B. women doctor 362 C. women doctors D. woman doctors8. There will be a in our school tomorrow. A. sport meetings B. sports meeting C. sports meetings D. sport meeting 9. When we saw his face. we knew was bad. A. the news B. some news. C.anews D. news 10. A few of are planning to go to the park on foot on Sunday A we girls. B.usgirla C.girlswe D_girls 11. He wants to become : A. some secretary B. asecretary C. secretary . D. secretaries 12. 1 wonder why are so fond of action films. A. the people B. a people C. people D. peoples 13. live in the town. A Somebody B. Anybody C. Some people D. Any people 14. There isn’t in the garden. A anyone B.no person _C. persons D. any people 15. TU have to buy trousers. Aa “ Btwo C.apairof D. acouple of 16. There are three ‘on the table. A. cake of soap B. cakes of soaps ©. cakes of soap D. cake of soaps. 17. “How many English books are three on the table?" “There is only English book on the table.” Aa B. these C.one -D. the 18. It took us about hour and half to finish the work. A.an.an Ba.a Cana D.a.an 19. There are some in our library A. thousand of books. B. the thousands of book C. thousands of books D. thousand of book 20. How often have you seen her? Oh, times I think. A. ahundred of B. hundreds €.hundredsof —_D. hundred Il. READING COMPREHENSION A. Who Has the Salt? Allaround the wor!d, sait is used on food. Some salt, called rock salt, is mined. There are deep salt mines in the United States. In Michigan, more than a million tons of salta year come from just one underground mine. But many countries do not have good salt mines. They must find other ways to get salt. They can buy salt from other countries. But if they are near ocean water, they can gather their own salt. 363In Colombia, a country in South America, the Guajira Iigians take salt from the sea. They make small holes along the beaches. The waves fill the holes with salty water. The sun and wind dry out the water. What is left is pure salt. In the Middie East, sait is taken from the Dead Sea. To heip the sun dry out the water faster, a dye is put in the water. This dye helps keep some of the salt from sinking into the ground. L The Guajira Indians live in a, Bolivia ©. Chile b. Calombia 4. Brazil 2. The word in paragraph 3, sentence 2, that means something used to color other things is 3. The story says: "But many countries do not have good salt mines. They must find other ways to get: salt." The word they takes us hack to the word 4. The story does not say this, but from what we have read we can tell that a. Indians do not use salt, b. people must have salt. c. salt comes from lakes. 5. In the Middle East, what. is taken from the Dead Sea? a Inthe Middle East, salt is taken from the Dead Sea b. In the Middle East, fish are taken from the Dead Sea. c. In the Middle East, dye is taken from the Dead Sea. 6. The main idea of the whole story is that a. people can take salt from the ocean. ly there are salt mines everywhere. © nuvevery country uses salt ‘7. The word in paragraph 3. sentence 1, that is the opposite of given is & Which of the following does this story lead you to believe? a. Salt makes holes by smking into beaches b. Salt tastes better if it is dyed © People get salt in different ways. B. The Peopte of the Reindeer Most of the people of Lapland have always lived spread out over a large area. They have lived as nomads. They travel about to find food for their large herds of reindeer Because of this, it has been easy for some of their stronger neighbors to attack them. In the ninth century, for example, the Lapps were overcome by the Vikings. Ia the sixteenth century, the Lapps came under the rule of Sweden. At other times, the Lapps were ruled by Denmark. Norway, or Russia. Of all these different rulers, Sweden and Russia had the most influence on the people of Lapland. 364One reason that Lapland’s neighbors have shown interest may be its rich supply of nickel and iron. Another reason may be the many ocean fish. such as cod, found in the northern seas off Lapland’s coast. These good fishing grounds often attract fishing boats from Russia and Norway. Can you find Lapland on a map? 1. Although not stated in the article, you can tell that a. Lapps have lived close vogether b. Lapps donot fish. c. Lapland is near Russia, Norway, and Sweden. 2. This article as a whole is about a fishing near Lapland b. mining nickel and iron. c. Lapland and its history. d. Lapland’s neighbors. 3. The word its in the third paragraph, first sentence, refers to 4. Norway overcame Lapland in the sixteenth century. Yes No Does not say 5. Which two of these sentences are not true? a. England once ruled the Lapps. b. The Lappe are spread out. c. Lapland has a seacoast. d@ Lapland is a southern country. e} The Lapps were influenced by the Russians and the Swedes. 6. What word in the first sentence means a ground space? * wk Sample Test 4 1 GRAMMAR 1 honk on that desk is a yuo one AA B Some The 0. Utners 2. They'll hurt if we don’t stop them fighting. A each other B. each the other C. one the other D. one to another 8. Robert and John have arrived, but students of the class aren’t here yet A other B. others C the others D the other 365366 4 like two records. A. all these B. these all C. these both D. both these 5, His pen is newer than Amine — B. my ; 6. hat is that? A. Who's — B. Whose C. Who D. Whom 7. of them understood him. ‘A. Anyone B.Nopereon —C. None D. Noone 8. All are going except . A. heandT B. heand me ¢. him and I D. him and me 9 The bird built nest in the tree. A hers B. it's C. ite D. here’s 10. The teacher asked three students Mary. Joneand to be ready. Al Bme C.mine D. my We three, Mary, done and , met him in the street. Amine Bone GC. D. myself 12, Tom is the only one of the boys who on time. Ais Bam C. are D. aren’t 18. Tont is one of the boys who on time. * Als B.am Care B. isn’t 14. Let me give you A. some advice B. advices ¢. advise D. not advice 16. [have to do today A. a homework B. homework C. some homework D. many homework 16. Our new teaher of English knows ail in the class, A. student name B. the students’ names C the student names D. the student’s names. 17. He works from cil & every day. A the morning..night B. the morning. the night C morning...night D morning...the night 18 Ours is finer than . A-your'sorhis B. yoursor his C. youor he D. yours or him. 39 you gave were correct. A. No one anawers B. Noone answer . None answers D. None of the answers 20. was hurt in the accident. A One of our teacher B. One of our teachers C. One of teachers D. One of teacher D. me 1fi. READING COMPREHENSION A A New Kind of Farm Some farms are used to grow corn or wheat. On some farms, such animals as pigs or goats or turkeys are raised. But in Japan, a fow yeare ago, a scientist began a new kind of farm. It was a farm for raising shrimp. Shrimp belong to the same family as lobsters and crabs. These long thin sea animal have five pairs of legs. They swim backward! Men and women use nets to catch this valuable seafood. Sometimes the fishing grounds are empty. In bad weather, fishing boats cannot go to sea. . ‘The Japanese scientist raised shrimp in large heated tanks, from very small eggs vo large shrimp. Most shrimp are about three inches long. Shrimp raised in the tanks were nine inches long. It took six months for shrimp to grow in the tanks. But the tanks ‘vere never empty. And the scientist did not have to wait for good weather. So far, there are very few shrimp farms. But someday there may be many shrimp farms around the world. 1. A Japanese scientist began a farm for raising a goldfish. —_b. shrimp. c.crabs. —d. pigs. 2. The word in the story that means aplace where animals are raised or food is grown is. 3. The word they in paragraph 2 takes us back to the long thin sea 4. The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that a. the Japanese are good farmers b. these are different ways to farm. ©. goate and pigs like to eat shrimp. 5. To what family do shrimp belong? a. Shrimp belong to the same family as lobsters and crabs. b, Shrimp belong to Japanese familios who eat lobsters. ¢. Shrimp belong toa farming family that swims backward. 6. The main idea of the whole story is that a. somebody there may be too many turkey farms. b. shrimp have been raised on a new kind of farm. 2 ¢ lobsters and crabs are good to eat in big tanks 7 The word in paragraph 2, sentence 3, that is the opposite of forward is 8, Which of the following does this story lead you to believe? 8. Someday we may have many new kinds of farms. b. There are shrimp farms in Ohio and Arizona. _ ©. Fishing nets are used for catching turkeys. BTB. The Farms That Grow Pearts Pearlsare found inside oyster shells. A bit of sand or dirt gets inside the shells. The oysters do not push the sand out. They cover it, The smooth cover is like the inside of the oyster shells. It is white or alight color. A pearl begins to grow. Today, we help oysters make pearls. Oysters are brought from the ocean. The shet! is opened a little bit. A piece of sand, wood, or shell is put in. The oysters are then put into cages and kept under water in sea farms. It takes three to eight years for a pear! to grow. Real pearls are made by the oyster alone. They are wanted more than any other kind Pearls made with our help are called cultured pearls. Cultured pearls do not cost as much as real pearls. Some “pearls” are not pearls at all. They are made of glass. They are just beads covered with paint. 1, Pearls are found inside the shells of a. oysters. b. clams. c. turtles. d. nuts. 2. The word in the story that means a kind of shellfish is__ 9. The story says. “The oysters do not push the sand out. They cover it” The word if means 4. The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that a. most oysters like to have dirt inside their shells. b. oysters make real pearls out of pieces of glass. c. painted beads can be made to look like real pearls. 5, How longdées it take for a pearl to grow? a. It takes three to eight years for a pearlto grow. b. It takes one to three years for an oyster to grow. ¢. It takes three to five months for a pearl wo grow. 6. The main idea of the whole story is that a. today oysters can only live in cages under the sea. b. systers in sea farms make pearla with our help. c. most farmers want to raise oysters now instead of food. 7. The word in sentence 5 that is the opposite of rough is 8. The word in paragraph 2, sentence 5, that means places 23 closed all a around with pieces of wood or wire is 368ANSWERS TO SAMPLE TESTS ‘* Sample Test 1 I. ic 5c 9D 13D WA 2a 6B 10D 14D 4sD 3c ™D UB 15B 19A 4a 8B 12¢ 16¢ 20 Wl. iaic 2B 3D 4D 5C . (Bi 1D 2B 3c 4D 5D * Sample Test 2 Loic 5A 9A 13B 17 2h 6A 10C 14D 18A 3B TA 1A 15D 19B 4B 8B 12B 16A 20D TM. (A) 1B 2store 3 water ac 5c 8A Ta Bdesalt (Bd 1B 2c 3Hlama 4 Does not say 5C,E 6 nomads : *® Sample Test 3 Low 5B 9A 13C 17¢ 2a 6A 10B 4A isc 3D 7 11B 15C 19¢ 4B 8B- 126 16C 20C HL. (a) 1B 2dye 3 countries 4B 5A 6A Ttaken 8c B) 1¢ 2 3 Lapland’s 4No 5A,D 6 area * Sample Test 4 I. 1c 5A 9c 13¢ 17C 2A 6B 10B A 18B 3D 7c uc 15 19D 4D 8D 124, 16B 20B Th ww 1B 2 farm animals 4B 5A 6B 7 backward 8A (BY 1A 2 oysters sand ac BA 6B Tsmooth 8 cagesChiu tedch nhigm xuft ban : Li HOANG Bien tap : HOANG HOA Ve bia va trinh bay : KIM LINE Sie ban in : HOANG BOA NBA XUAT BAN TRE ' 161 L§ Chinh Théng - Quén 3 TP. Hé Chi Minh A In 1.000 cudin, khd 14,5 x 20,5 em. Tei Xi nghiep In S62 S6 dang ky ké hoach xust ban 666 / 449 do Cye Kost ban edp nghy 28 / 11 / 1994 va quyét dinh xudt ban 26 68 TN / 95 do Nha Xudt ban Tré offp nghy 25 / 02 / 1996. In xong vi nop lu chigu thing 03 nam 1995. 1700)CAUSE & EFFECT CoCELULC ec 5 | ae ) Soe AW AITINGE: 1) FOR AND AGAINST 30 Topics for advanced discussion Dich va cht giai: DANG LAM HUNG DANG TUAN ANH 2)1 THINK YOU THINK 30 Topics for intermediate discussion Dich va chu gidi: DANG LAM HUNG DANG TUAN ANH 3) WRITING THROUGH PICTURES Dich va cht giai: DANG TUAN ANH