Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology

UGC Autonomous, NBA Accredited, Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Analysis of a solid beam by application of distributed loads

R.SHIVA KUMAR 16N31A03C1

R.SRINIVAS 16N31A03C5
SHAIK SHAGEEL 16N31A03D9
 Bachelor of Technology
2020
Analysis of a solid beam by application of a distributed loads

A mini project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Technology in Mechanical Engineering

by

R.SHIVA KUMAR 16N31A03C1

R.SRINIVAS 16N31A03C5
SHAIK SHAGEEL 16N31A03D7

Under the guidance of

NAME OF THE GUIDE
Designation
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology
UGC Autonomous, NBA Accredited, Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH
Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana, India.

2019
 MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYAutonomous
Institution - UGC Govt. of India
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade)
Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini Project work entitled “Analysis of a solid beam by application of a

distributed loads” is carried out by Name of the Student xxxxx(H.T.NOxxxx), in partial fulfillment for

the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru

Technological University, Hyderabad during the academic year 2019-2020.

XXXXXXXX Prof. Dr A. N. R. Reddy

Internal Guide HOD

External Examiner
(Certificate from Industry)
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project titled “Analysis of a solid beam by application of a distributed loads ”

submitted to Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (UGC-Autonomous), affiliated to

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH) for the award of the degree of Bachelor

of Technology in mechanical Engineering is a result of original research carried-out in this thesis. I

understand that my report may be made electronically available to the public.It is further declared that the

project report or any part thereof has not been previously submitted to any University or Institute for the

award of degree or diploma.

Name of Student(s) : R.SHIVA KUMAR

Hall Ticket Number(s): 16N31A03C1

Degree : Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering

Department : Mechanical Engineering

Title of the project : Analysis of a solid beam by application of a distributed loads

R.Shivakumar, R.Srinivas, Shageel____

(Names’ of the Students’)

Date:
DEDICATION

(Optional)

-o0o-
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Acknowledgements are to be written by the students as per the sequence mentioned below

1) Dr VSK Reddy, Principal

2) Head of the Department

3) Internal Guide

4) Parents and other people who helped to complete the project

 ABSTRACT

The Objectives of our project was to design fabricate and test a universal rig that will measure deflection

on all types beams subjected to any type of loading. This idea was born out of the limitations of the existing

rig in the University of Nairobi mechanical laboratories which can only measure deflections on simply

supported beam subjected to point loads only.

To achieve these objective, research into the development of the concept of elastic deflection and its theory

was done. A general expression combining all these variables was developed for theoretical deflections

subject to end and support conditions of the beam.

The rig was fabricated from the different parts. A final rig assembly was then welded into a base mounting

for its durability and stability. The two deflections were then compared. It found that the experimental

deflection varied from theoretical deflection by an average variation of 15%. Also to achieve fully its

universality it was recommended that the rig be improved further to test deflection from distributed loads.

Therefore within the experimental error, the results of the rig were found comparable to those predicted

by theory hence the objective of the projects were achieved.

Keywords: ANSYS, Circular openings, Steel beams, Deflection, Von-Mises stress, Shear stress
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Certificate from MRCET I

Certificate from industry(If any) ii

Declaration iii

Dedication(Optional)

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Abbreviations

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Problem statement 4

1.3 Scope of research 8

1.4 Research hypothesis 9

1.5 Objectives 10

1.6 Organization of the report 10

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 12

2.1 Background 12

2.14 Summary of literature review and research gap 71

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 73
3.1 Materials 73

3.10 Summary of methodology 85

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 87

4.13 Summary of results and discussion 163

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 164

5.1 Conclusion 164

5.2 Recommendations 1

REFERENCES

APPENDICES(if any)
 CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUNDINFORMATION

Analysis of deflection in structural and machine members is of great importance in machine and structural
design .Excessive deflection of structural member results in geometric distortion of the whole structure
whereas in a machine excessive deflection may result in interference between moving parts increasing the
rate of wear or total failure due to broken or jammedparts.
Deflection should therefore be designed not to exceed allowable space between the moving parts and the
stationary ones for example casing or between the moving parts themselves .Under these conditions the
part may be subjected to load whose magnitude is much less to cause failure by yielding however the
geometric distortion and jamming of structural and machine parts respectively renders the structure or
machine not to perform its desired function and may therefore be considered to half failed.
Knowledge on theory of deflection in beams is used in analyzing for magnitudes of deflection resulting
from a given loads. In subject of solid and structural mechanics taught at second and third level of study
in the degree course in mechanical engineering, students are introduced to the theory of deflection in
beams. Deflections resulting from different loading situation on a given beam are analyzed for using
different techniques. In all the techniques an equation governing deflection at any point in the beam span
is developed and expressed as a function loads, cross- sectional and material properties of the beam.
In order to appreciate and verify this theory, students are required to perform experiments on different
beams under different loading where they experimentally measure the deflections then compare with those
predicted by theory. Therefore an experimental rig for measuring deflections is of importance not only in
teaching solid and structural mechanics subject but also ensuring the objectives of degree course in
mechanical engineering are met.
Beams belong to the basic structural members used in the modeling abstraction of mechanical system.
This paper behavior of beam and solid elements are discussed on the basis of von-misses stress and
Deflection occurred on beam due to various types of loads that is point load and uniformly distributed
load applied on rectangular section beam. A member subjected to bending moment and shear force
undergoes certain deformations. The material of the member will offer resistance or stresses against these
deformations.It is possible to estimate these stresses with certain assumptions. The beam cannot have any
translational displacements at its support point, but no restriction is placed on rotations at the supports.

The deflected distance of a member under a load is directly related to the slope of
the deflected shape of the member under that load. While the beam gets deflected under the loads, bending
moment occurs in the same plane due to which stresses are developed. Here the deflection of the beam
element is calculated by using the Euler-Bernoulli’s beam equation and the bending stresses using the
general standard equation analytically.- where on other hand Sparse solver is used to solve the Finite
Element Model through ANSYS 14.0 APDL.

Types of beams.

1.2 PROBLEMSTATEMENT

As mentioned above, an experimental rig for measuring beam deflection plays an important role in
teaching and application of knowledge of deflection. To appreciate this knowledge, student

are required to test the theory by comparing the theoretical deflections with those obtained by experimental
measurement.

In the mechanical engineering laboratories the only available rig can test deflections on simply supported
beam subjected to point loads only; hence the need for a universal rig that can test deflections on all types
of beams under different loads.

1.3 OBJECTIVES
Due to limitations on the available rig for testing deflection we under took this project to come up with a
rig that would solve these limitations. The objectives of our project included:

i To design rig that can be used to test deflection of beams under point loads and turning moments(couple).
ii To test the rig by comparing experimental deflections from the rig with those from theory.