Conductors

✔Any material which permits the flow of electricity

✔Materials that have low resistivity, thus allowing electrical
current to pass through due to plenty of free electrons

✔Used to direct the electron flow to the desired point in the

circuit

Examples of Conductors:
mercury copper zinc
iron silver aluminum
 Insulators
✔Any material which opposes the flow of electricity
✔made of materials, generally non-metals, that have very
few or no "free electrons" floating about within their basic
atom structure

Examples of Insulators:
mica glass dry air
sulphur rubber distilled water

Plastic Wood Paper

Wires & Cables
 WIRES
AWG

0000 (4/0)
Diameter

(inch)

0.4600
(mm)

11.684
Turns of wire

(per inch)

2.17
(per cm)

0.856
Area

(kcmil)

212
(mm²)

107
Copper
resistance[6]

(Ω/km)

0.1608
(mΩ/ft)

0.04901
NEC copper wire
ampacity with 60/75/
90°C raceway (A)[7]

195 / 230 / 260

Approximate
stranded metric
equivalents

Common Types of Electrical Wires

000 (3/0) 0.4096 10.404 2.44 0.961 168 85.0 0.2028 0.06180 165 / 200 / 225

00 (2/0) 0.3648 9.266 2.74 1.08 133 67.4 0.2557 0.07793 145 / 175 / 195

0 (1/0) 0.3249 8.252 3.08 1.21 106 53.5 0.3224 0.09827 125 / 150 / 170

SOLID 1

3
0.2893

0.2576

0.2294
7.348

6.544

5.827
3.46

3.88

4.36
1.36

1.53

1.72
83.7

66.4

52.6
42.4

33.6

26.7
0.4066

0.5127

0.6465
0.1239

0.1563

0.1970
110 / 130 / 150

95 / 115 / 130

85 / 100 / 110 196/0.4

WIRE as a single thread of wire

✔manufactured
4

5
0.2043

0.1819
5.189

4.621
4.89

5.50
1.93

2.16
41.7

33.1
21.2

16.8
0.8152

1.028
0.2485

0.3133
70 / 85 / 95

126/0.4

6 0.1620 4.115 6.17 2.43 26.3 13.3 1.296 0.3951 55 / 65 / 75

7 0.1443 3.665 6.93 2.73 20.8 10.5 1.634 0.4982 80/0.4

8 0.1285 3.264 7.78 3.06 16.5 8.37 2.061 0.6282 40 / 50 / 55

9 0.1144 2.906 8.74 3.44 13.1 6.63 2.599 0.7921

84/0.3

10 0.1019 2.588 9.81 3.86 10.4 5.26 3.277 0.9989 30 / 35 / 40

11 0.0907 2.305 11.0 4.34 8.23 4.17 4.132 1.260 56/0.3

12 0.0808 2.053 12.4 4.87 6.53 3.31 5.211 1.588 25 / 25 / 30 (20)

13 0.0720 1.828 13.9 5.47 5.18 2.62 6.571 2.003 50/0.25

14 0.0641 1.628 15.6 6.14 4.11 2.08 8.286 2.525 20 / 20 / 25 (15)

15 0.0571 1.450 17.5 6.90 3.26 1.65 10.45 3.184

30/0.25

16 0.0508 1.291 19.7 7.75 2.58 1.31 13.17 4.016 — / — / 18 (10)

17 0.0453 1.150 22.1 8.70 2.05 1.04 16.61 5.064 32/0.2

18 0.0403 1.024 24.8 9.77 1.62 0.823 20.95 6.385 — / — / 14 (7)

24/0.2

19 0.0359 0.912 27.9 11.0 1.29 0.653 26.42 8.051

 Copper
Diameter Turns of wire Area
resistance[6]

STRANDED
AWG

0000 (4/0)
(inch)

0.4600
(mm)

11.684
(per inch)

2.17
(per cm)

0.856
(kcmil)

212
(mm²)

107
(Ω/km)

0.1608
(mΩ/ft)

0.04901
NEC copper wire
ampacity with 60/75/
90°C raceway (A)[7]

195 / 230 / 260

Approximate
stranded metric
equivalents

WIRE
✔Consists
000 (3/0) 0.4096 10.404 2.44 0.961

of a group of wires which are usually twisted to form a

00 (2/0) 0.3648 9.266 2.74 1.08
168

133
85.0

67.4
0.2028

0.2557
0.06180

0.07793
165 / 200 / 225

145 / 175 / 195

metallic string.
0 (1/0) 0.3249 8.252 3.08 1.21 106 53.5 0.3224 0.09827 125 / 150 / 170

1 0.2893 7.348 3.46 1.36 83.7 42.4 0.4066 0.1239 110 / 130 / 150

✔The string improves the flexibility of the wire

2

3
0.2576

0.2294
6.544

5.827
3.88

4.36
1.53

1.72
66.4

52.6
33.6

26.7
0.5127

0.6465
0.1563

0.1970
95 / 115 / 130

85 / 100 / 110 196/0.4

4 0.2043 5.189 4.89 1.93 41.7 21.2 0.8152 0.2485 70 / 85 / 95

5 0.1819 4.621 5.50 2.16 33.1 16.8 1.028 0.3133 126/0.4

6 0.1620 4.115 6.17 2.43 26.3 13.3 1.296 0.3951 55 / 65 / 75

7 0.1443 3.665 6.93 2.73 20.8 10.5 1.634 0.4982 80/0.4

8 0.1285 3.264 7.78 3.06 16.5 8.37 2.061 0.6282 40 / 50 / 55

9 0.1144 2.906 8.74 3.44 13.1 6.63 2.599 0.7921

84/0.3

10 0.1019 2.588 9.81 3.86 10.4 5.26 3.277 0.9989 30 / 35 / 40

11 0.0907 2.305 11.0 4.34 8.23 4.17 4.132 1.260 56/0.3

12 0.0808 2.053 12.4 4.87 6.53 3.31 5.211 1.588 25 / 25 / 30 (20)

13 0.0720 1.828 13.9 5.47 5.18 2.62 6.571 2.003 50/0.25

14 0.0641 1.628 15.6 6.14 4.11 2.08 8.286 2.525 20 / 20 / 25 (15)

15 0.0571 1.450 17.5 6.90 3.26 1.65 10.45 3.184

30/0.25

16 0.0508 1.291 19.7 7.75 2.58 1.31 13.17 4.016 — / — / 18 (10)

17 0.0453 1.150 22.1 8.70 2.05 1.04 16.61 5.064 32/0.2

18 0.0403 1.024 24.8 9.77 1.62 0.823 20.95 6.385 — / — / 14 (7)

24/0.2

19 0.0359 0.912 27.9 11.0 1.29 0.653 26.42 8.051

 Copper
Diameter Turns of wire Area
resistance[6]

TWIN-LEAD
AWG

0000 (4/0)
(inch)

0.4600
(mm)

11.684
(per inch)

2.17
(per cm)

0.856
(kcmil)

212
(mm²)

107
(Ω/km)

0.1608
(mΩ/ft)

0.04901
NEC copper wire
ampacity with 60/75/
90°C raceway (A)[7]

195 / 230 / 260

Approximate
stranded metric
equivalents

✔ACABLE
000 (3/0) 0.4096 10.404 2.44 0.961 168 85.0 0.2028 0.06180 165 / 200 / 225

two conductor line which has a spacing between the two

00 (2/0) 0.3648 9.266 2.74 1.08 133 67.4 0.2557 0.07793 145 / 175 / 195

conductors which provides a transmission line.

0 (1/0) 0.3249 8.252 3.08 1.21 106 53.5 0.3224 0.09827 125 / 150 / 170

1 0.2893 7.348 3.46 1.36 83.7 42.4 0.4066 0.1239 110 / 130 / 150

✔Commonly used in television for connecting the antenna to the

2

3
0.2576

0.2294
6.544

5.827
3.88

4.36
1.53

1.72
66.4

52.6
33.6

26.7
0.5127

0.6465
0.1563

0.1970
95 / 115 / 130

85 / 100 / 110 196/0.4

receiver.
4 0.2043 5.189 4.89 1.93 41.7 21.2 0.8152 0.2485 70 / 85 / 95

5 0.1819 4.621 5.50 2.16 33.1 16.8 1.028 0.3133 126/0.4

6 0.1620 4.115 6.17 2.43 26.3 13.3 1.296 0.3951 55 / 65 / 75

7 0.1443 3.665 6.93 2.73 20.8 10.5 1.634 0.4982 80/0.4

8 0.1285 3.264 7.78 3.06 16.5 8.37 2.061 0.6282 40 / 50 / 55

9 0.1144 2.906 8.74 3.44 13.1 6.63 2.599 0.7921

84/0.3

10 0.1019 2.588 9.81 3.86 10.4 5.26 3.277 0.9989 30 / 35 / 40

11 0.0907 2.305 11.0 4.34 8.23 4.17 4.132 1.260 56/0.3

12 0.0808 2.053 12.4 4.87 6.53 3.31 5.211 1.588 25 / 25 / 30 (20)

13 0.0720 1.828 13.9 5.47 5.18 2.62 6.571 2.003 50/0.25

14 0.0641 1.628 15.6 6.14 4.11 2.08 8.286 2.525 20 / 20 / 25 (15)

15 0.0571 1.450 17.5 6.90 3.26 1.65 10.45 3.184

30/0.25

16 0.0508 1.291 19.7 7.75 2.58 1.31 13.17 4.016 — / — / 18 (10)

17 0.0453 1.150 22.1 8.70 2.05 1.04 16.61 5.064 32/0.2

18 0.0403 1.024 24.8 9.77 1.62 0.823 20.95 6.385 — / — / 14 (7)

24/0.2

19 0.0359 0.912 27.9 11.0 1.29 0.653 26.42 8.051

 CABLESAWG
Diameter

(inch) (mm)
Turns of wire

(per inch) (per cm)

Area

(kcmil) (mm²)
Copper
resistance[6]

(Ω/km) (mΩ/ft)
NEC copper wire
ampacity with 60/75/
90°C raceway (A)[7]
Approximate
stranded metric
equivalents

• First polymer-insulated cables were introduced in 1922.

0000 (4/0) 0.4600 11.684 2.17 0.856 212 107 0.1608 0.04901 195 / 230 / 260

COMPOSITION:
000 (3/0) 0.4096 10.404 2.44 0.961 168 85.0 0.2028 0.06180 165 / 200 / 225

two or more solid copper wires with rubber insulation

00 (2/0) 0.3648 9.266 2.74 1.08 133 67.4 0.2557 0.07793 145 / 175 / 195

woven cotton cloth for protection of the insulation

0 (1/0) 0.3249 8.252 3.08 1.21 106 53.5 0.3224 0.09827 125 / 150 / 170

overall woven jacket, impregnated with tar as a protection from moisture.

1 0.2893 7.348 3.46 1.36 83.7 42.4 0.4066 0.1239 110 / 130 / 150

2 0.2576 6.544 3.88 1.53 66.4 33.6 0.5127 0.1563 95 / 115 / 130

Development of Cable Materials

3 0.2294 5.827 4.36 1.72 52.6 26.7 0.6465 0.1970 85 / 100 / 110 196/0.4

✔Rubber-insulated Cables
4 0.2043 5.189 4.89 1.93 41.7 21.2 0.8152 0.2485 70 / 85 / 95

5 0.1819 4.621 5.50 2.16 33.1 16.8 1.028 0.3133 126/0.4

6 ❖ become brittle over time because of exposure to oxygen

0.1620 4.115 6.17 2.43 26.3 13.3 1.296 0.3951 55 / 65 / 75

❖ should be replaced during renovations

0.1443 3.665 6.93 2.73 20.8 10.5 1.634 0.4982 80/0.4

❖ hard to separate from bare copper, so copper was tinned, causing

8 0.1285 3.264 7.78 3.06 16.5 8.37 2.061 0.6282 40 / 50 / 55

9 0.1144 2.906 8.74 3.44 13.1 6.63 2.599 0.7921

slightly more resistance.

84/0.3

10 0.1019 2.588 9.81 3.86 10.4 5.26 3.277 0.9989 30 / 35 / 40

11 0.0907 2.305 11.0 4.34 8.23 4.17 4.132 1.260 56/0.3

SIMPLEST FORM OF
12 0.0808 2.053 12.4 4.87 6.53 3.31 5.211 1.588 25 / 25 / 30 (20)

CABLE: ✔two insulated conductors twisted together to form a unit

13 0.0720 1.828 13.9 5.47 5.18 2.62 6.571 2.003 50/0.25

COMMON APPLICATIONS:
14 0.0641 1.628 15.6 6.14 4.11 2.08 8.286 2.525 20 / 20 / 25 (15)

15 0.0571 1.450 17.5 6.90 3.26 1.65 10.45 3.184

✔Low-voltage signal & control applications such as doorbell wiring

30/0.25

16 0.0508 1.291 19.7 7.75 2.58 1.31 13.17 4.016 — / — / 18 (10)

17 0.0453 1.150 22.1 8.70 2.05 1.04 16.61 5.064 32/0.2

18 0.0403 1.024 24.8 9.77 1.62 0.823 20.95 6.385 — / — / 14 (7)

24/0.2

19 0.0359 0.912 27.9 11.0 1.29 0.653 26.42 8.051

 Common Types of Electrical Cables

COAXIAL
CABLES
✔designed for carrying radio-frequency current with much lower
losses than would occur with the use of standard wires.
✔often used to connect a transmitter and/or receiver to an antenna.

✔used to carry the signal from a television antenna or satellite dish to

the television.
✔referred to as shielded cables. They contain a center conductor of
copper wire surrounded with a layer of insulation.
✔The shielding confines the signal within the cable to minimize
unwanted signal pickup by other components.
 Common Types of Electrical Cables

FIBER-OPTIC
CABLE
✔Optical cable consists of a clear glass or plastic core totally enclosed
by a glass or plastic cladding. This assembly is protected by a plastic
coating for protection.
✔Light entering the end of the cable travels down the cable to the
other end.
✔A light emitting diode (LED) or laser light supplies the light pulses
to transmit digital signals through the cable.
✔Some high-quality optical cable can transmit signals thirty
Kilometers or so before the signal needs to be amplified again.

✔Lighting, static electricity, and other sources of electrical

discharge do not interfere with or distort the transmission of data.
 Common Types of Electrical Cables

TELEPHONE
CABLE
✔flexible four- to six- conductor wire used
to connect a telephone unit to the wall
outlet.

PHONE PLUG AND PATCH

✔ACORDS
patch cord is a wire (lead) with a
phono plug attached to each end.
✔Two-conductor stranded wire (also
called speaker wire or patch cord).

✔Soldering is required to attach phono

plugs. There is no way to crimp the
connections.
 Wire
Gauge
✔measurement of how large a wire is, either in diameter
or cross sectional area
✔determines the amount of electrical current a wire can
safely carry, and its electrical resistance and weight
per unit of length
 American Wire Gauge
Also known as Brown and Sharpe Wire Gauge

✔Standardized wire gauge system used since 1857 for the

diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically
conducting wire

✔Increasing gauge numbers give decreasing wire diameters,

which is similar to many other non-metric gauging
systems.
CIRCULAR Diameter Turns of wire Area
Copper
resistance[6]

NEC copper wire Approximate

AWG ampacity with 60/75/ stranded metric

The cross-sectional area of round wire is measured in circular mils(abbreviated mils

MILS
90°C raceway (A)[7] equivalents
(inch) (mm) (per inch) (per cm) (kcmil) (mm²) (Ω/km) (mΩ/ft)

0000 (4/0) 0.4600 11.684 2.17 0.856 212 107 0.1608 0.04901 195 / 230 / 260

A mil is a one thousandth of an inch or 0.001 in --------- 1 mil=0.001in.

000 (3/0) 0.4096 10.404 2.44 0.961 168 85.0 0.2028 0.06180 165 / 200 / 225

00 (2/0) 0.3648 9.266 2.74 1.08 133 67.4 0.2557 0.07793 145 / 175 / 195

The number of circular mils in any circular area is equivalent to the square o f the
0 (1/0) 0.3249 8.252 3.08 1.21 106 53.5 0.3224 0.09827 125 / 150 / 170

diameter in mils
1 0.2893 7.348 3.46 1.36 83.7 42.4 0.4066 0.1239 110 / 130 / 150

2 0.2576 6.544 3.88 1.53 66.4 33.6 0.5127 0.1563 95 / 115 / 130

3 0.2294 5.827 4.36 1.72 52.6 26.7 0.6465 0.1970 85 / 100 / 110 196/0.4

4 0.2043 5.189 4.89 1.93 41.7 21.2 0.8152 0.2485 70 / 85 / 95

EXAMPL 5

6
0.1819

0.1620
4.621

4.115
5.50

6.17
2.16

2.43
33.1

26.3
16.8

13.3
1.028

1.296
0.3133

0.3951 55 / 65 / 75
126/0.4

EWhat is the area in circular mils of a wire with a diameter of 0.005

7

8
0.1443

0.1285
3.665

3.264
6.93

7.78
2.73

3.06
20.8

16.5
10.5

8.37
1.634

2.061
0.4982

0.6282 40 / 50 / 55
80/0.4

in? 9 0.1144 2.906 8.74 3.44 13.1 6.63 2.599 0.7921

84/0.3

10 0.1019 2.588 9.81 3.86 10.4 5.26 3.277 0.9989 30 / 35 / 40

11 0.0907 2.305 11.0 4.34 8.23 4.17 4.132 1.260 56/0.3

Answer: Convert diameter to mils

12 0.0808 2.053 12.4 4.87 6.53 3.31 5.211 1.588 25 / 25 / 30 (20)

Since 0.005 in. equals 5 mil therefore

13 0.0720 1.828 13.9 5.47 5.18 2.62 6.571 2.003 50/0.25

14 0.0641 1.628 15.6 6.14 4.11 2.08 8.286 2.525 20 / 20 / 25 (15)

Circular mil Area=(5 mil)2

15 0.0571 1.450 17.5 6.90 3.26 1.65 10.45 3.184

Area=25 CM (circular mil)

30/0.25

16 0.0508 1.291 19.7 7.75 2.58 1.31 13.17 4.016 — / — / 18 (10)

17 0.0453 1.150 22.1 8.70 2.05 1.04 16.61 5.064 32/0.2

18 0.0403 1.024 24.8 9.77 1.62 0.823 20.95 6.385 — / — / 14 (7)

24/0.2

19 0.0359 0.912 27.9 11.0 1.29 0.653 26.42 8.051

RESISTIVITY OF Diameter Turns of wire Area
Copper
resistance[6]

NEC copper wire Approximate

AWG ampacity with 60/75/ stranded metric

The resistance of round wire depends not only on the material from which it is made,
WIRES
90°C raceway (A)[7] equivalents
(inch) (mm) (per inch) (per cm) (kcmil) (mm²) (Ω/km) (mΩ/ft)

but also on its length, cross-sectional area, temperature.

0000 (4/0) 0.4600 11.684 2.17 0.856 212 107 0.1608 0.04901 195 / 230 / 260

000 (3/0) 0.4096 10.404 2.44 0.961 168 85.0 0.2028 0.06180 165 / 200 / 225

A formula that relates all these factors is

00 (2/0) 0.3648 9.266 2.74 1.08 133 67.4 0.2557 0.07793 145 / 175 / 195

0 (1/0) 0.3249 8.252 3.08 1.21 106 53.5 0.3224 0.09827 125 / 150 / 170

1 0.2893 R=ρ*L/A
7.348 3.46 1.36 83.7 42.4 0.4066 0.1239 110 / 130 / 150

Where: R: resistance of wire in ohms per unit length

2 0.2576 6.544 3.88 1.53 66.4 33.6 0.5127 0.1563 95 / 115 / 130

L: Length of wire in feet

3 0.2294 5.827 4.36 1.72 52.6 26.7 0.6465 0.1970 85 / 100 / 110 196/0.4

4 0.2043 5.189 4.89 1.93 41.7 21.2 0.8152 0.2485 70 / 85 / 95

A: its cross sectional area in circular mils(CM)

ρ:resistivity(depends on the material at a specified temperature
5 0.1819 4.621 5.50 2.16 33.1 16.8 1.028 0.3133 126/0.4

6 0.1620 4.115 6.17 2.43 26.3 13.3 1.296 0.3951 55 / 65 / 75

7 0.1443 3.665 6.93 2.73 20.8 10.5 1.634 0.4982 80/0.4

EXAMPL 8

9
0.1285

0.1144
3.264

2.906
7.78

8.74
3.06

3.44
16.5

13.1
8.37

6.63
2.061

2.599
0.6282

0.7921
40 / 50 / 55

84/0.3

IE
10 0.1019 2.588 9.81 3.86 10.4 5.26 3.277 0.9989 30 / 35 / 40

f the resistivity of copper wire at 20 degree Celsius equals 10.37Ω, find the resistance
11 0.0907 2.305 11.0 4.34 8.23 4.17 4.132 1.260 56/0.3

of the R of 100 ft. of such wire whose diameter D=0.005in.

12 0.0808 2.053 12.4 4.87 6.53 3.31 5.211 1.588 25 / 25 / 30 (20)

Solution: A mil is defined as 0.001in. Hence here D=5mils.Therefore

13 0.0720 1.828 13.9 5.47 5.18 2.62 6.571 2.003 50/0.25

Acm=D2=25 Cm Since,
14 0.0641 1.628 15.6 6.14 4.11 2.08 8.286 2.525 20 / 20 / 25 (15)

15
R=ρ*L/A 0.0571 1.450 17.5 6.90 3.26 1.65 10.45 3.184

30/0.25

16

17
R=10.37*(100/25)=41.48Ω
0.0508

0.0453
1.291

1.150
19.7

22.1
7.75

8.70
2.58

2.05
1.31

1.04
13.17

16.61
4.016

5.064
— / — / 18 (10)

32/0.2

18 0.0403 1.024 24.8 9.77 1.62 0.823 20.95 6.385 — / — / 14 (7)

24/0.2

19 0.0359 0.912 27.9 11.0 1.29 0.653 26.42 8.051

TABLE OF AWG WIRE Diameter Turns of wire Area
Copper
resistance[6]

SIZE
NEC copper wire Approximate
AWG ampacity with 60/75/ stranded metric
90°C raceway (A)[7] equivalents
(inch) (mm) (per inch) (per cm) (kcmil) (mm²) (Ω/km) (mΩ/ft)

AWG DIAMETER TURNS OF WIRE AREA COPPER RESISTANCE

(INCH) (mm) per per (kcmil (Ω/km) (mΩ/ft)
0000 (4/0) 0.4600 11.684 2.17 0.856 212 107 0.1608 0.04901 195 / 230 / 260

inch cm (mm²
000 (3/0) 0.4096 10.404 2.44 0.961 168

) 85.0 0.2028 0.06180 165 / 200 / 225

00 (2/0) 0.3648 9.266 2.74 1.08 133 67.4 0.2557 0.07793 145 / 175 / 195

0.46 11.684
0000 2.17 0.856
(4/0)
0 (1/0) 0.3249 8.252 3.08 1.21 106
212 53.5
107
0.3224 0.09827
0.1608
125 / 150 / 170
0.04901
1 0.2893 7.348 3.46 1.36 83.7 42.4 0.4066 0.1239 110 / 130 / 150

0.4096 10.404
000 2 0.2576 6.544 3.88 1.53 66.4 33.6 0.5127 0.1563 95 / 115 / 130

(3/0) 3 0.2294 5.827

2.44
4.36
0.961
1.72 52.6
168 26.7
85.0
0.6465 0.1970
0.2028
85 / 100 / 110
0.06180
196/0.4

4 0.2043 5.189 4.89 1.93 41.7 21.2 0.8152 0.2485 70 / 85 / 95

0.3648 9.266
00 5 0.1819 4.621 5.50 2.16 33.1 16.8 1.028 0.3133 126/0.4

(2/0) 6 0.1620 4.115

2.74
6.17
1.08
2.43 26.3
133 13.3
67.4
1.296 0.3951
0.2557
55 / 65 / 75
0.07793
0.3249 8.252
0 (1/0) 7 0.1443 3.665 6.93 2.73 20.8 10.5 1.634 0.4982 80/0.4

8 0.1285 3.264
3.08
7.78
1.21
3.06 16.5
106 8.37
53.5
2.061 0.6282
0.3224
40 / 50 / 55
0.09827
0.2893 7.348
1
9 0.1144 2.906 8.74 3.44 13.1 6.63 2.599 0.7921
84/0.3

10

11
0.1019

0.0907
2.588

2.305
3.46
9.81

11.0
1.36
3.86

4.34
10.4

8.23
83.7 5.26

4.17
42.4
3.277

4.132
0.9989

1.260
0.4066
30 / 35 / 40

0.1239
56/0.3

0.2576 6.544
2 12 0.0808 2.053 12.4 4.87 6.53 3.31 5.211 1.588 25 / 25 / 30 (20)

13 0.0720 1.828
3.88
13.9
1.53
5.47 5.18
66.4 2.62
33.6
6.571 2.003
0.5127 0.1563
50/0.25

0.2294 5.827
3
14 0.0641 1.628 15.6 6.14 4.11 2.08 8.286 2.525 20 / 20 / 25 (15)

15 0.0571 1.450
4.36
17.5
1.72
6.90 3.26
52.6 1.65
26.7
10.45 3.184
0.6465 0.1970
30/0.25

16 0.0508 1.291 19.7 7.75 2.58 1.31 13.17 4.016 — / — / 18 (10)

17 0.0453 1.150 22.1 8.70 2.05 1.04 16.61 5.064 32/0.2

Modern Wiring Diameter Turns of wire Area
Copper
resistance[6]

NEC copper wire Approximate

AWG ampacity with 60/75/ stranded metric

Single Conductor Building Wire - SOLID WIRE

Materials
90°C raceway (A)[7] equivalents
(inch) (mm) (per inch) (per cm) (kcmil) (mm²) (Ω/km) (mΩ/ft)

0000 (4/0) (wiring is not required to be very flexible)

0.4600 11.684 2.17 0.856 212 107 0.1608 0.04901 195 / 230 / 260

000 (3/0) 0.4096 10.404 2.44 0.961 168 85.0 0.2028 0.06180 165 / 200 / 225

Building wire conductors larger than 10 AWG - STRANDED

00 (2/0) 0.3648 9.266 2.74 1.08 133 67.4 0.2557 0.07793 145 / 175 / 195

0 (1/0)
(for flexibility during installation)
0.3249 8.252 3.08 1.21 106 53.5 0.3224 0.09827 125 / 150 / 170

1 0.2893 7.348 3.46 1.36 83.7 42.4 0.4066 0.1239 110 / 130 / 150

2 0.2576 6.544 3.88 1.53 66.4 33.6 0.5127 0.1563 95 / 115 / 130

3 0.2294 5.827 4.36 1.72 52.6 26.7 0.6465 0.1970 85 / 100 / 110 196/0.4

4 0.2043 5.189 4.89 1.93 41.7 21.2 0.8152 0.2485 70 / 85 / 95

5 0.1819 4.621 5.50 2.16 33.1 16.8 1.028 0.3133 126/0.4

6 0.1620 4.115 6.17 2.43 26.3 13.3 1.296 0.3951 55 / 65 / 75

7 0.1443 3.665 6.93 2.73 20.8 10.5 1.634 0.4982 80/0.4

8 0.1285 3.264 7.78 3.06 16.5 8.37 2.061 0.6282 40 / 50 / 55

9 0.1144 2.906 8.74 3.44 13.1 6.63 2.599 0.7921

84/0.3

10 0.1019 2.588 9.81 3.86 10.4 5.26 3.277 0.9989 30 / 35 / 40

11 0.0907 2.305 11.0 4.34 8.23 4.17 4.132 1.260 56/0.3

12 0.0808 2.053 12.4 4.87 6.53 3.31 5.211 1.588 25 / 25 / 30 (20)

13 0.0720 1.828 13.9 5.47 5.18 2.62 6.571 2.003 50/0.25

14 0.0641 1.628 15.6 6.14 4.11 2.08 8.286 2.525 20 / 20 / 25 (15)

15 0.0571 1.450 17.5 6.90 3.26 1.65

Insulated cables at a panel board
10.45 3.184

30/0.25

Electrical Panels, Cables and Firestops

16

17
0.0508

0.0453
1.291

1.150
19.7

22.1
7.75

8.70
2.58

2.05
1.31

1.04
13.17

16.61
4.016

5.064
— / — / 18 (10)

32/0.2
Back
18 0.0403 1.024 24.8 9.77 1.62 0.823 20.95 6.385 — / — / 14 (7)

24/0.2

19 0.0359 0.912 27.9 11.0 1.29 0.653 26.42 8.051