"The volume of an ideal gas is directly 151

proportional to its absolute

temperature at constant pressure and
number of moles" is a statement of "The mineral hausmannite is a
________________ Law. compound of manganese-55 and
Charles' oxygen-16. If 72% of the mass of
hausmannite is due to manganese,
The true volume of a real gas is larger what is the empirical formula of
than that calculated from the ideal gas hausmannite?"
equation. This occurs because the
ideal gas equation does consider d. Mn3O4
which of the following? Silicon, which makes up about 25% of
the volume of the molecules Earth's crust by mass, is used widely
in the modern electronics industry. It
This ion will generate gas bubbles has three naturally occurring isotopes,
upon the addition of hydrochloric acid. 28Si, 29Si, and 30Si. Calculate the
atomic mass of silicon.
(CO3)2-
Isotope Isotopic Mass (amu)
"The total pressure in a mixture of
Abundance %
unreacting gases is equal to the sum
of the partial pressures of the 28Si 27.976927
individual gases" is a statement of 92.23
__________________ Law.
29Si 28.976495
Dalton's 4.67
"Aluminum metal reacts with HCl to 30Si 29.973770
produce aluminum chloride and 3.10
hydrogen gas. How many grams of
aluminum metal must be added to an 28.0855 amu
excess of HCl to produce 33.6L of Peroxyacylnitrate (PAN) is one of the
hydrogen gas, if the gas is at STP?" components of smog. It is a compound
27g of C, H, N, and O. Determine the
empirical formula from the following
What is a distinguishing characteristic percent composition by mass: 19.8
of the halogens? percent C, 2.50 percent H, 11.6
percent N, 66.1 percent O. What is its
They readily accept an electron
molecular formula given that its molar
from another atom to form
mass is about 120 g?
compounds.
C2H3NO5
Lead(II) sulfide was once used in
glazing earthenware. It will also react An anion is defined as
with hydrogen peroxide to form
lead(II) sulfate and water. How many a charged atom or group of atoms
grams of hydrogen peroxide are with a net negative charge
needed to react completely with 265 g
of lead(II) sulfide?
What is the percentage (by mass) of 3.26%
hydrogen in glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)?
Some commercial drain cleaners
b. 0.067 contain a mixture of sodium hydroxide
and aluminum powder. When the
Structural isomers have the same
mixture is poured down a clogged
molecular formula but different
drain, the following reaction occurs:
structural formulas
2NaOH(aq) + 2Al(s) + 6H2O(l) ®
True
2NaAl(OH)4(aq) + 3H2(g)
"The pressure of an ideal gas is
The heat generated in this reaction
directly proportional to its absolute
helps melt away obstructions such as
temperature at constant volume and
grease, and the hydrogen gas
number of moles" is a statement of
released stirs up the solids clogging
________________ Law.
the drain. Calculate the volume of H2
Amonton's formed at 0 °C and 1.00 atm if 3.12 g
of Al are treated with an excess of
A magnesium ion, Mg2+, has NaOH.
12 protons and 10 electrons 3.88 L
At STP the volume of 1.5 mole N2 as Barium reacts with water according to
compared to 1.0 mole O2 is the reaction:
b. different by about 11.2 L Ba(s) + 2 H2O(l) --> Ba(OH)2 (aq) +
"Hydrogen and chlorine gas combine H2 (g)
in a 35 m3 reaction vessel to produce What volume [in L] of hydrogen gas,
hydrogen chloride. The masses of at STP, is produced from 0.400 mol of
hydrogen and chlorine are 4.5 kg and barium?
160 kg, respectively. How much
hydrogen chloride gas is produced?" 8.96

d. 160 kg A method of producing pure copper

metal involves the reaction of
"A 1.15 mol sample of carbon copper(I) sulfide with oxygen gas to
monoxide gas has a temperature of give copper metal and sulfur dioxide.
27deg C and a pressure of 0.300 atm. Suppose the yield of this reaction is
If the temperature were lowered to 17 87%. What mass of a copper ore
deg C, at a constant volume, what consisting of 46% copper(I) sulfide
would be the new pressure?" must be mined in order to produce
0.290 atm 1.0x103 kg (1.0 metric ton) of copper
metal?
Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid,
CH3COOH, dissolved in water. A 5.54- d. 3.2x103 kg
g sample of vinegar was neutralized Which of these scientists developed
by 30.10 mL of 0.100 M NaOH. What is the nuclear model of the atom?
the percent by weight of acetic acid in
the vinegar? Ernest Rutherford
An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 and algicide. Calculate the mass of
consists of how many protons, oxygen in 1.000 mol of CuSO4·5H2O.
neutrons, and electrons?
144.0 g
(p = proton, n = neutron, e =
Charles's Law relates the volume and
electron)
temperature of a gas sample at
16 p, 15 n, 16 e constant pressure. What would be the
temperature of a gas sample when its
Which of the following elements is a
volume is 0 L?
reactive gas?
- 273°C
Chlorine
Which is the correct formula for
"An experiment to determine the
copper(II) phosphate?
molar mass of a gas begins by heating
a solid to produce a gaseous product. Cu3(PO4)2
The gas passes through a tube and
When J. J. Thomson discovered the
displaces water in an inverted, water-
electron, what physical property of the
filled bottle. Which of the following
electron did he measure?
items may be determined after the
experiment is completed?" its charge to mass ratio, e/m
vapor pressure of water Uranium-235 and uranium-238 have
the same number of which of the
Which of these quantities does not
following?
represent 1.00 mol of the indicated
substance? a. Protons and electrons
26.0 g Fe
"If a sample of methane gas effuses at
"A sample of argon gas is sealed in a
a rate of 9.0 mole per hour at 35 deg
container. The volume of the container
C, which of the gases below will effuse
is doubled. If the pressure remains
at approximately twice the rate under
constant, what happens to the
the same conditions?"
absolute temperature?"
helium gas
It is doubled.
Which of the following gases will be
Tin(II) fluoride (SnF2) is often added to
the slowest to diffuse through a room?
toothpaste as an ingredient to prevent
tooth decay. What is the mass of F in carbon dioxide
grams in 24.6 g of the compound?
Structural isomers have the same
5.97 molecular formula but different
structural formulas
What is the mass of 0.01 gram-moles
of Na₂SO₄? True
d. 1.42 g In the combustion analysis of 0.1127 g
of glucose (C6H12O6), what mass, in
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate,
grams, of CO2 would be produced?
CuSO4·5H2O, is used as a fungicide
0.1652 b. 2 moles of sodium hydroxide
and 1 mole of hydrogen
"The mole fraction of oxygen
molecules in dry air is 0.2029. What Choose the gas that probably shows
volume of dry air at 1.00 atm and the greatest deviation from ideal gas
25°C is required for burning 1.00 L of behavior.
hexane (C6H14, density = 0.660 g/mL)
SF4
completely, yeilding carbon dioxide
and water?" "The volume of an ideal gas is directly
proportional to its absolute
a. 8490 L
temperature at constant pressure and
The molar mass of caffeine is 194.19 number of moles" is a statement of
g/mol and the empirical formula is ________________ Law.
C4H5N2O; therefore the molecular
Charles'
formula of caffeine is C8H10N4O2.
Lead(II) sulfide was once used in
True
glazing earthenware. It will also react
"When 50.0 mL of 1.0M AgNO3 is with hydrogen peroxide to form
added to 50 mL of 0.50M HCl, a lead(II) sulfate and water. How many
precipitate of AgCl forms. After the grams of hydrogen peroxide are
reaction is complete, what is the needed to react completely with 265 g
concentration of silver ions in the of lead(II) sulfide?
solution?"
151
0.25M
"The mineral pyrolusite is a compound
Potassium metal will react with water of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If
to release a gas and form a potassium 63% of the mass is pyrolusite is due to
compound. Which of the following is manganese, what is the empirical
true? formula of pyrolusite?"
The final solution is basic. a. MnO2
An atom of the isotope sulfur-31
consists of how many protons,
Which of the following is not a neutrons, and electrons?
conclusion Rutherford made from his
experiment with alpha particles being (p = proton, n = neutron, e =
shot at a thin sheet of gold foil? electron)

a. An atom has a negatively 16 p, 15 n, 16 e

charged nucleus.
Aqueous solutions of this ion are blue.
What is the term for a quantity of a
Cu2+ substance to which a chemical formula
can be assigned and whose mass is
Two moles of sodium react with 2
equal to its formula weight?
moles of water to produce which of
the following? b. a mole
This ion will generate gas bubbles sample of milk when excess aqueous
upon the addition of hydrochloric acid. sodium oxalate is added?
(CO3)2- 0.107%
Which phase change is described What mass of KCIO3 must be
correctly? decomposed to produce 126 L of
oxygen gas at 133°C and 0.880 atm?
c. Liquid to solid is called freezing
(The other reaction product is solid
Which gas is expected to have the KCI.)
highest rate of effusion?
c. 272 g
b. He
"The mole fraction of oxygen
Which atom is not paired with its molecules in dry air is 0.2029.What
correct ion and ionic charge? volume of dry air at 1.00 atm and
25°C is required for burning 1.00 L of
a. Rb / Rb1- hexane (C6H14, density = 0.660 g/mL)
1.3625 g of unknown metal X reacts completely, yeilding carbon dioxide
with oxygen to form 1.4158 g of the and water?"
oxide X2O. What is the atomic mass of d. 8490 L
X?
Increasing the temperature of an ideal
206 gas from 50 deg C to 75 deg C at
Sulfur trioxide can react with constant volume will cause which of
atmospheric water vapor to form the following to increase for the gas?
sulfuric acid that falls as acid rain. the average speed of the molecules
Calculate the mass in grams of 3.65 ×
1020 molecules of SO3. "A reaction produces a gaseous
mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon
4.85 × 10-2 g monoxide, and water vapor. After one
Kaolinite, a clay mineral with the reaction, the mixture was analyzed
formula Al4Si4O10(OH)8, is used as a and found to contain 0.60 mol of
filler in slick-paper for magazines and carbon dioxide, 0.30 mol of carbon
as a raw material for ceramics. monoxide, and 0.10 mol of water
Analysis shows that 14.35 g of vapor. If the total pressure of the
kaolinite contains 8.009 g of oxygen. mixture was 0.80 atm, what was the
Calculate the mass percent of oxygen partial pressure of the carbon
in kaolinite. monoxide?"

55.81 0.24 atm

The amount of calcium present in milk At which temperature does a water

can be determined by adding oxalate sample have the highest average
to a sample and measuring the mass kinetic energy?
of calcium oxalate precipitated. What a. 100 degrees Celcius
is the mass percent of calcium if 0.429
g of calcium oxalate forms in a 125-g A steel tank containing argon gas has
additional argon gas pumped into it at
constant temperature. Which of the Which gas under a high temperature
following is true for the gas in the and a low pressure behaves most like
tank? an ideal gas?
The gas atoms travel with the same c.He
average speed.
Two moles of sodium react with 2
Structural isomers have the same moles of water to produce which of
molecular formula but different the following?
structural formulas
c.2 moles of sodium hydroxide and 1
True mole of hydrogen
"As the pressure of a gas increases, Sodium sulfate froms a number of
the solubility of that gas in a liquid" hydrates. A sample of a hydrate is
heated until all the water is removed.
a. always increases
What is the formula of the original
This ion will generate gas bubbles hydrate if it loses 43% of its mass
upon the addition of hydrochloric acid. when heated?

(CO3)2- Na2SO4 *6H2O

"If a sample of methane gas effuses at In an average year the American

a rate of 9.0 mole per hour at 35 deg chemical industry produces more than
C, which of the gases below will effuse 9.5 million metric tons of sodium
at approximately twice the rate under carbonate. Over half of this is used in
the same conditions?" the manufacture of glass while
another third is used in the production
helium gas of detergents and other chemicals.
Which is the symbol for the element How many pounds of sodium
that forms a protective oxide coating? carbonate are produced annually?

Mg 2.1 X 1010 lb

At which temperature does a water How many moles of Pb(NO3)2 must be

sample have the highest average added to 0.10L of a solution that is
kinetic energy? 1.0M in MgCl2 and 1.0M in KCl to
precipitate all of the chloride ion? The
d.100 degrees Celcius compound PbCl2 precipitates.
A steel tank containing argon gas has 0.15 mol
additional argon gas pumped into it at
constant temperature. Which of the "During a laboratory experiment at 1.0
following is true for the gas in the atm and 25°C, a student observed
tank? that oxygen gas was produced by de-
composition of 15 g of sodium
The gas atoms travel with the same chlorate. What was the volume of
average speed. oxygen?"
c.5.17 L
"When octane (C8H18) is burned in a Uranium-235 and uranium-238 have
particular internal combustion engine, the same number of which of the
the yield of the products (carbon following?
dioxide and water) is 93%. What mass
a.Protons and electrons
of carbon dioxide will be produced in
this engine when 15.0 g of octane is Which of the following occurs when
burned with 15.0 g of oxygen gas?" table salt (NaCI) is added to
continuously heated boiling water?
a.12 g
c.The water momentarily stops boiling.
Calculate the pressure required to
compress 2 liters of a gas at 700 mm "The reaction shown occurs in a
Hg and 20°C into a container of 0.1 gaseous phase. Once equilibrium has
liter capacity at a temperature of been achieved in a particular reaction
-150°C. vessel, additional HI gas is injected
directly into the reaction vessel.
5877 mm Hg
Compared to the initial conditions,
which of the following statements is
correct after the new equilibrium has
In an average year the American been achieved?"
chemical industry produces more than
9.5 million metric tons of sodium c.The amount of I2 will have
carbonate. Over half of this is used in increased.
the manufacture of glass while
"The volume of an ideal gas is directly
another third is used in the production
proportional to the number of moles of
of detergents and other chemicals.
the gas at constant temperature and
How many pounds of sodium
pressure" is a statement of
carbonate are produced annually?
_____________ Law.
2.1 X 1010 lb
Avogadro's
Terephthalic acid, used in the
This ion will generate gas bubbles
production of polyester fibers and
upon the addition of hydrochloric acid.
films, is composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. When 0.6943 g (CO3)2-
of terephthalic acid was subjected to
combustion analysis it produced 1.471 What is the oxidation number for
g CO2 and 0.226 g H2O. If its molar chromium (Cr) in the compound
mass is between 158 and 167 g/mol, BaCrO4?
what is its molecular formula? c.6
C8H6O4 This element is a liquid at room
A gold wire has a diameter of 1.00 temperature.
mm. What length of this wire contains Hg
exactly 1.00 mol of gold? [Given:
density of Au = 17.0 g/cm3] A magnesium ion, Mg2+, has

b.14.8 m 12 protons and 10 electrons

Which of the following gases will be The carat is the unit of mass used by
the slowest to diffuse through a room? jewelers. One carat is exactly 200 mg.
How many carbon atoms are present
carbon dioxide
in a 24-carat diamond?
“The rate of effusion of a gas is
2.4 x 1023 atoms
inversely proportional to the square
root of its molar mass” is a statement At what temperature in °C will O2 has
of _________________ Law. under a pressure of 2.4 atm? (rho of
O2= 1.43 g/L)
Graham's
c.381°C
Which of the following has the lowest
electronegativity? A common laboratory reaction is the
neutralization of an acid with a base.
Ba
When 50.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl at
"A reaction produces a gaseous 25.0°C is added to 50.0 mL of 0.500 M
mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon NaOH at 25.0°C in a coffee cup
monoxide, and water vapor. After one calorimeter, the temperature of the
reaction, the mixture was analyzed mixture rises to 28.2°C. What is the
and found to contain 0.60 mol of heat of reaction per mole of acid?
carbon dioxide, 0.30 mol of carbon Assume the mixture has a specific
monoxide, and 0.10 mol of water heat capacity of 4.18 J/(g·K) and that
vapor. If the total pressure of the the densities of the reactant solutions
mixture was 0.80 atm, what was the are both 1.00 g/mL.
partial pressure of the carbon
54 Kj
monoxide?"
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate dissolves
0.24 atm
in cold water to the extent of 266 g
per 100 cm3. What is the
concentration of nitrate ions in this
What mass of KCIO3 must be slution?
decomposed to produce 126 L of
oxygen gas at 133°C and 0.880 atm? d.22.5 M
(The other reaction product is solid "Aluminum metal reacts with HCl to
KCI.) produce aluminum chloride and
c.272 g hydrogen gas. How many grams of
aluminum metal must be added to an
Water and SO3 combine to sulfuric excess of HCl to produce 33.6L of
acid (H2SO4) according to the hydrogen gas, if the gas is at STP?"
following reaction. How many grams of
water must be added to 100 g of 20% The average speed of the nitrogen
oleum (20% SO3 and 80% H2SO4 by molecules is greater than the average
weight) to produce a 95% solution (by molecules of the argon molecules.
weight) of sulfuric acid? "Ethylene glycol, used as a coolant in
b.3.3 g automotive engines, has a specific
heat capacity of 2.42 J/(g·K). Calculate
q when 3.65 kg of ethylene glycol is solution's density is 1.0627 g/mL.
cooled from 132°C to 85°C. " Calculate the molarity of the solution.
-420 kJ 1.05 M
Neon condenses due to The solubility of the oxidizing agent
potassium permanganate is 7.1 g per
London dispersion forces
100.0 g of water at 25°C. What is the
Who developed an empirical equation mole fraction of potassium
from which the wavelengths of lines in permanganate in this solution?
the spectrum of hydrogen atoms can
0.008
be calculated?
Calcium nitrite is used as a corrosion
Rydberg
inhibitor in lubricants. What is the
Which one of the following properties molality [m] of a solution prepared by
is least characteristic of typical ionic dissolving 18.5 g of calcium nitrite in
compounds? 83.5 g of distilled water?

poor electrical conductor when molten 1.68

For which one of the following "Arrange oxygen, sulfur, calcium,

reactions will ?H be approximately (or rubidium and potassium in order of
exactly) equal to ?E? decreasing electronegativity. "

H2(g) + Br2(g) ? 2HBr(g) O > S > Ca > K > Rb

Octane is a component of fuel used in The ____________________ quantum

internal combustion engines. The numbers are associated with the
dominant intermolecular forces in energy of an electron in a many-
octane are electron atom.

London dispersion forces n and l

In which of the following processes is ? Electronegativity is a measure of

H = ?E?
the attraction by an atom for electrons
Calcium carbonate is heated to form in a chemical bond.
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a
"According to the Bohr theory of the
container with variable volume.
hydrogen atom, the minimum energy
What volume [mL] of water should be (in J) needed to ionize a hydrogen
added to 600. mL of ethanol in order atom from the n = 2 state is "
to have a solution that boils at 95.0°C?
5.45 × 10-19 J
[For ethanol, Kb = 1.22°C/m, density
= 0.789 g/cm3, boiling point = 78.4°C] Which of the following ions and atoms
has the greatest radius?
116
Se2-

The mole fraction of potassium nitrate

in an aqueous solution is 0.0194. The
Predict the products for the reaction of 1? (The n, ml and ms quantum
the following set of reactants. Mg(s) + numbers may have any appropriate
Cl2(g) ? values.) "
MgCl2(s) 18
Which element forms compounds
which are involved in smog and acid
Methane has a Henry's Law constant rain?
(k)of 9.88 × 10-2 mol/(L·atm) when
dissolved in benzene at 25°C. How Nitrogen
many grams of CH4 will dissolve in
In which of the following processes is ?
3.00 L of benzene if the partial
H = ?E?
pressure of CH4 is 1.48 atm?
Calcium carbonate is heated to form
7.02 g
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a
How many moles of Pb(NO3)2 must be container with variable volume.
added to 0.10L of a solution that is
"The interference pattern seen when
1.0M in MgCl2 and 1.0M in KCl to
light passes through narrow, closely
precipitate all of the chloride ion? The
spaced slits, is due to "
compound PbCl2 precipitates.
Diffraction
0.15 mol
Select the correct electron
Safrole is used as a topical antiseptic.
configuration for Cu (Z = 29).
Calculate the vapor pressure [torr] of a
solution prepared by dissolving 0.75 [Ar]4s1 3d10
mol of safrole in 950 g of ethanol ( MW
= 46.07 g/mol). P°ethanol = 50.0 torr A solution of potassium hydroxide is in
at 25°C. equilibrium with undissolved solute at
45°C. What will happen if the
48 temperature is raised to 50°C? (?Hsoln
= -57.6 kJ/mol)
An average home in Colorado requires
20. GJ of heat per month. How many The mass of dissolved KOH will
grams of natural gas (methane) must decrease.
be burned to supply this energy?
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) Which one of the following elements is
ΔHr = -890.4 kJ/mol likely to exhibit the most violent and
rapid reaction with water?
3.6 x 105
Rb
Which word best describes the
phenomenon which gives rise to a When two pure substances are mixed
rainbow? to form a solution

Dispersion there is an increase in entropy.

"In the ground state of an atom of "Arrange oxygen, sulfur, calcium,

silver (Ag), how many electrons will rubidium and potassium in order of
there be with the quantum number l = decreasing electronegativity. "
O > S > Ca > K > Rb "For a given solution, which of the
following concentration values will
What is the valence (oxidation state)
change as temperature changes? "
of carbon in sodium carbonate
(Na2CO3)? Molarity
b.4 Calculate q when 28.6 g of water is
heated from 22.0°C to 78.3°C.
Tin reacts to form several organic
compounds. Which of the following is a 6.74 kJ
use for organotin compounds?
"Although the periodic table is
They can be used as fungicides. organized according to the atomic
numbers of the elements, chemists
"Find the standard enthalpy of
are more interested in the
formation of ethylene, C2H4(g), given
arrangement of the electrons for their
the following data: heat of combustion
studies. Which of the following
of C2H4(g)= -1411 kJ/mol; [CO2(g)] =
statements about the electron
-393.5 kJ/mol; [H2O(l)] = -285.8
configurations and their quantum
kJ/mol."
numbers is correct? "
52 kJ/mol
The valence electrons of atoms in a
How many liters of 2M solution (i.e., a particular group have the same
molarity of 2) can be produced from angular momentum quantum number
184 g of ethyl alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH)? but have different principal quantum
numbers.
b.2.0 L
Which two elements will display the
Benzaldehyde ( MW = 106.1 g/mol), most similar chemical properties?
also known as oil of almonds, is used
in the manufacture of dyes and c.Litium and potassium
perfumes and in flavorings. What
Which one of the following pairs of
would be the freezing point of a
dispersed phases and dispersing
solution prepared by dissolving 75.00
media can never form a colloid?
g of benzaldehyde in 850.0 g of
ethanol? Kf = 1.99°C/m, freezing point gas and gas
of pure ethanol = -117.3°C.
The modern periodic table is arranged
-119.0°C based upon atomic
When 24.0 g of glucose (a c.number
nonelectrolyte) are dissolved in 500. g
The density of a 20.3 M CH3OH
of water, the solution has a freezing
(methanol) solution is 0.858 g/mL.
point of -0.47°C. What is the molar
What is the molality of this solution?
mass of glucose? Kf of water is
H2O is the solvent.
1.86°C/m.
97.6
190
"A piece of copper metal is initially at
100.0°C. It is dropped into a coffee
cup calorimeter containing 50.0 g of 45.20 mL of 0.1200M NaOH is required
water at a temperature of 20.0°C. to neutralize20.00 mL of the acid.
After stirring, the final temperature of What is the concentration of the acid?
both copper and water is 25.0°C.
0.1356 M
Assuming no heat losses, and that the
specific heat (capacity) of water is Consider a 0.90 M Al(NO3)3 solution.
4.18 J/(g·K), what is the heat capacity This solution has a nitrate ion
of the copper in J/K? " concentration of
13.9 J/K 2.7 M
Calculate the molality of a 15.0% by Select the arrangement of
mass solution of MgCl2 in H2O. The electromagnetic radiation which starts
density of this solution is 1.127 g/mL. with the lowest wavelength and
increases to greatest wavelength.
1.86
"gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared,
Barbiturates are synthetic drugs used
radio"
as sedatives and hypnotics. Barbital
( MW = 184.2 g/mol) is one of the "A solution of sucrose (sugar) in water
simplest of these drugs. What is the is in equilibrium with solid sucrose. If
boiling point of a solution prepared by more solid sucrose is now added, with
dissolving 42.5 g of barbital in 825 g of stirring, "
acetic acid?
the concentration of the solution will
Kb = 3.07°C/m, boiling point of pure remain the same.
acetic acid = 117.9°C
Which one of the following elements is
118.8°C likely to exhibit the most violent and
rapid reaction with water?
What volume [mL] of ethanol (density
= 0.7893 g/cm3) should be added to Rb
450. mL of water in order to have a
solution that freezes at -15.0°C? [For In which of the following processes is ?
water, Kf = 1.86 °C/m] H = ?E?

212 Calcium carbonate is heated to form

calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a
Isoamyl salicylate ( MW = 208.25 container with variable volume.
g/mol) has a pleasant aroma and is
used in perfumes and soaps. Which of "Which one of the following properties
the following combinations gives a is least characteristic of substances
0.75 m solution of isoamyl salicylate in composed of small, covalently-bonded
ethyl alcohol (ρ = 0.7893 g/mL)? molecules? "

117.2 g isoamyl salicylate in 950.0 mL weak bonds

of ethyl alcohol Which of the following elements has
A sample of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is the largest atomic size?
titrated with standard sodium Ba
hydroxide, NaOH, solution. A total of
Carbon tetrachloride, once widely Calculate the freezing point of a
used in fire extinguishers and as a dry solution made by dissolving 3.50 g of
cleaning fluid, has been found to potassium chloride ( MW = 74.55
cause liver damage to those exposed g/mol) in 100.0 g of water. Assume
to its vapors over long periods of time. ideal behavior for the solution; Kf =
What is the boiling point of a solution 1.86°C/m.
prepared by dissolving 375 g of sulfur
-1.7°C
(S8)? MW = 256.5g/mol) in 1250 g of
CCl4 Kb = 5.05°C/m, boiling point of "The osmotic pressure of a 0.010 M
pure CCl4 = 76.7°C MgSO4 solution at 25°C is 0.318 atm.
Calculate i, the van't Hoff factor, for
82.6°C
this MgSO4 solution."
From the following list of aqueous
1.3
solutions and water, select the one
with the lowest freezing point. Select the strongest electrolyte from
the following set.
0.75 M (NH4)3PO4
LiNO3
Raoult's Law relates the vapor
pressure of the solvent above the Which of the following is a correct set
solution to its mole fraction in the of quantum numbers for an electron in
solution. Which of the following is an a 3d orbital?
accurate statement?
"n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2"
Raoult's Law works best when applied
to dilute solutions. "Magnesium oxide, MgO, is an
important industrial material. Which of
Which of the following elements is the the following is one of its uses? "
most electronegative?
furnace bricks
Cl
A solution of potassium hydroxide is in
A Born-Haber cycle applied to the equilibrium with undissolved solute at
formation reaction of an ionic solid 45°C. What will happen if the
temperature is raised to 50°C? (?Hsoln
is an application of Hess's Law.
= -57.6 kJ/mol)
An emulsion is a dispersion consisting
The mass of dissolved KOH will
of a
decrease.
liquid in a liquid.
Which of the following elements has
the largest first ionization energy? An atom has eight electrons in a 3d
subshell. How many orbitals in this
Cl subshell have an unpaired electron?
Select the correct formula for a d.2
compound formed from calcium and
chlorine. Which of the following elements has
the largest first ionization energy?
CaCl2
c.H (hydrogen) Which of the following oxides will give
the most basic solution when
"Aluminum metal reacts with HCl to
dissolved in water?
produce aluminum chloride and
hydrogen gas. How many grams of K2O
aluminum metal must be added to an
Which of the following elements has
excess of HCl to produce 33.6L of
the greatest atomic radius?
hydrogen gas, if the gas is at STP?"
Rb
The average speed of the nitrogen
molecules is greater than the average If a solute dissolves in an endothermic
molecules of the argon molecules. process
"The osmotic pressure of a 0.010 M the entropy of the solution must be
MgSO4 solution at 25°C is 0.318 atm. greater than that of its pure
Calculate i, the van't Hoff factor, for components.
this MgSO4 solution."
"Magnesium oxide, MgO, is an
1.3 important industrial material. Which of
the following is one of its uses? "
Calculate the enthalpy change for the
reactions NO(g) + O(g) → NO2(g) furnace bricks
from the following data: """Each electron in an atom must have
its own unique set of quantum
NO(g) + O3(g) → NO2(g) + O2(g)
numbers"" is a statement of "
ΔH = -198.9 kJ
the Pauli exclusion principle.
O3(g) → 1.5 O2(g)
ΔH = -142.3 kJ Select the element with the lowest
first ionization energy.
O2(g) → 2O(g)
ΔH = 495.0 kJ Sr
-304.1 kJ How many grams of glucose,
C6H12O6, are necessary to prepare
Naphthalene combustion can be used
656 mL of a solution with a
to calibrate the heat capacity of a
concentration that is 0.550 molar?
bomb calorimeter. The heat of
combustion of naphthalene is -40.1 c.64.9 g
kJ/g. When 0.8210 g of naphthalene
was burned in a calorimeter "Given the thermochemical equation
containing 1,000. g of water, a 2SO2 + O2 --> 2SO3, dHr= -198
temperature rise of 4.21°C was kJ/mol, what is the standard enthalpy
observed. What is the heat capacity of change for the decomposition of one
the bomb calorimeter excluding the mole of SO3?"
water? 99 kJ/mol
3.64 kJ/°C Diethyl ether has a vapor pressure of
400.0 torr at 18°C. When a sample of
benzoic acid is dissolved in ether, the
vapor pressure of the solution is 342 The mole fraction of potassium nitrate
torr. What is the mole fraction of in an aqueous solution is 0.0194. The
benzoic acid in the solution? solution's density is 1.0627 g/mL.
Calculate the molarity of the solution.
0.145
1.05 M
Which of the following aqueous
solutions has the lowest freezing A solution that contains 55.0 g of
point? ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in 250. g of
water freezes at -2.34°C. Calculate the
0.15 m Na2SO4
molar mass (in units of g/mol) of the
A liquid will boil when solute. Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

b.its vapor pressure is equal to the 175

surrounding pressure
The size of an atomic orbital is
Select the correct electron associated with
configuration for sulfur (Z = 16).
the principal quantum number (n).
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
"""Electrons added to atomic orbitals
"Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, is " of the same energy will remain
unpaired with parallel spins until the
an inert gas that is used as an subshell is more than half-filled"" is a
electrical insulator. statement of "
Which of the following is not a state Hund's rule.
function?
"Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, is "
Work
a colorless gas used as a propellant in
Select the correct electron canned whipped cream.
configuration for Te (Z = 52).
"According to the Bohr theory of the
[Kr]5s2 4d10 5p4 hydrogen atom, the minimum energy
Who was the first scientist to propose (in J) needed to ionize a hydrogen
that an object could emit only certain atom from the n = 2 state is "
amounts of energy? 5.45 × 10-19 J
Planck What are the products of the reaction
How many moles of bromide ions are of potassium hydride and water? KH(s)
present in 750.0 mL of 1.35 M MgBr2? + H2O(l) ?

2.03 K+(aq) + H2(g) + OH-(aq)

What is the freezing point of a solution "Arrange calcium, rubidium, sulfur,

prepared from 50.0 g ethylene glycol and arsenic in order of decreasing
(C2H6O2) and 85.0 g H2O? Kf of water electronegativity. "
is 1.86°C/m. S > As > Ca > Rb
-17.6°C
Potassium fluoride is used for frosting Who was the first scientist to propose
glass. Calculate the molarity of a that an object could emit only certain
solution prepared by dissolving 78.6 g amounts of energy?
of KF in enough water to produce 225
Planck
mL of solution.
Barbiturates are synthetic drugs used
6.01 M
as sedatives and hypnotics. Barbital
"2.3 g ethanol (C2H5OH) is added to ( MW = 184.2 g/mol) is one of the
500 g water. Determine the molality, simplest of these drugs. What is the
m, of the resulting solution." boiling point of a solution prepared by
dissolving 42.5 g of barbital in 825 g of
0.1
acetic acid? Kb = 3.07°C/m, boiling
When 50.0 mL of 1.0M AgNO3 is point of pure acetic acid = 117.9°C
added to 50 mL of 0.50M HCl, a
118.8°C
precipitate of AgCl forms. After the
reaction is complete, what is the
concentration of silver ions in the
solution? Solid sodium peroxide (Na2O2) reacts
with liquid water yielding aqueous
0.25M sodium hydroxide and oxygen gas.
How much heat is released when
Calculate the freezing point of a
250.0 L of oxygen gas is produced
solution made from 22.0 g of octane
from the reaction of sodium peroxide
(C8H18) dissolved in 148.0 g of
and water if the reaction is carried out
benzene. Benzene freezes at 5.50°C
in an open container at 1.000 atm
and its Kf value is 5.12°C/m
pressure and 25°C? (Given: heat of
-1.16°C formation [Na2O2(s)] = -510.9 kJ/mol;
[NaOH(aq)] = -469.2 kJ/mol; [H2O(l)]
An atom in the ground state has seven = -285.8 kJ/mol)
valence electrons. Which electron
configuration could represent the 2900 kJ
valence electron configuration of this
"The equilibrium constant, Kc for the
atom in the ground state?
reaction H2(g) + CO2(g) <==>
a.3s²3p5 H2O(g) + CO(g) is 4.2. Initially 0.80
mole of H2 and 0.80 mole CO2 are
Which scientist first proposed that the placed in a 5.0 L flask. The
electron in the hydrogen atom can concentration of CO at equilibrium is
have only certain energies? _____."
Bohr 0.11 M
The electronic structure 1s2 2s2 2p6 A certain first-order reaction A --> B is
3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 refers to the ground 25% complete in 42 min at 25°C. What
state of is the half-life [min] of the reaction?
Ni 101
_____ faradays of electricity are container is reduced by 25% at
required to reduce one mole of MnO4– 300°C?
to Mn2+.\
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide
5 at equilibrium will be unchanged.
A solution is adjusted from pH 8 to pH
9. The relative concentration of the
The reaction system
hydrogen [H?] ion has changed by a
factor of what? POCl3(g) ↔ POCl(g) + Cl2(g)
b.110 is at equilibrium. Which of the
following statements describes the
What is the mass-action expression,
behavior of the system if the partial
Qp, for the following reaction? SbF5(g)
pressure of chlorine is reduced by
+ 4Cl2(g) ↔ SbCl3(g) + 5ClF(g)
50%?
POCl3 will be consumed as equilibrium
is established.
"The decay of U-238 to Pb-206 can be
used to estimate the age of inorganic
The equilibrium constant Kc for the
matter. The half-life of U-238 is 4.5 x
equilibrium A + B <==> C + D is X.
10^9 years. In a particular rock
The equilibrium constant for the
sample, the ratio of the numbers of
reaction 1/2 A + 1/2 B <==> 1/2 C +
Pb-206 to U-238 atoms is 0.66.
1/2 D is
Assume all of the Pb-206 present is
X^(1/2) due to the decay of U-238. What is the
age of the rock?"
The cathode in the Daniell cell is _____.
a.3.3x 109 yr
Cu
"What is the value of Kc for the
The equilibrium position of the reaction CO2(g) + H2(g) <==>
reaction SO2(g) + Cl2(g) <==> H2O(g) + CO(g) when the equilibrium
SO2Cl2(g) can be shifted in the concentrations of CO, H2, CO2, and
forward direction by _____. H2O are 0.050 M, 0.045 M, 0.086 M
Adding Cl2 and 0.040 M respectively?"
0.52

Magnesium carbonate dissociates to A certain first-order reaction A --> B is

magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide 25% complete in 42 min at 25°C. What
at elevated temperatures. is the half-life [min] of the reaction?

MgCO3(s) ↔ MgO(s) + CO2(g) 101

A reaction vessel contains these The first-order reaction SO2Cl2 -->

compounds in equilibrium at 300°C. SO2 + Cl2 is 10% complete in 80. min.
What will happen if the volume of the How long would it take for the reaction
to be 95% complete?
2300 min He
The substance HCl is considered The equilibrium 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
<==> 2 SO3(g) can shifted to the
a strong Arrhenius acid.
reactant side by _____. DH = –198.2 Kj
"For the reaction whose rate law is
Decreasing pressure
rate = k[X], a plot of which of the
following is a straight line? " Although a system may be at
equilibrium, the rate constants of the
log [X] versus time
forward and reverse reactions will in
Which one of the following substances general be different.
will give an aqueous solution of pH <
True
7?
The equilibrium constant Kc for the
NH4Br
equilibrium A + B <==> C + D is X.
The following reaction is at equilibrium The equilibrium constant for the
at one atmosphere, in a closed reaction 1/2 A + 1/2 B <==> 1/2 C +
container. 1/2 D is

NaOH(s) + CO2(g) ↔ NaHCO3(s) X^(1/2)

Which, if any, of the following actions The correct statement is: _____.
will decrease the total amount of CO2
Oxidation occurs at the anode
gas present at equilibrium?
The potential of the cell made up of
decreasing the volume of the
Zn/Zn2+(0.25 M) and Cu/Cu2+(0.15
container
M) at 25 °C is _____.
A catalyst accelerates a reaction
1.09V
because
_____ faradays of electricity are
it lowers the activation energy for the
required to reduce one mole of MnO4–
reaction.
to Mn2+.
Tarnished silver is coated with _____.
5
Ag2S
"The solubility constant of stronyium
sulfate, SrSO4, is 2.8 x 10-7. How
many grams of SrSO4 must be
Which of the following has an effect on dissolved in water to produce 1 L
the magnitude of the equilibrium saturated solution?"
constant?
d.0.1 g
change in temperature
"The equilibrium constant, Kc for the
The position of the equilibrium 2CO(g) reaction H2(g) + CO2(g) <==>
+ O2(g) <==> 2 CO2(g) can be H2O(g) + CO(g) is 4.2. Initially 0.80
shifted to the left by the addition of mole of H2 and 0.80 mole CO2 are
_____ at constant pressure. placed in a 5.0 L flask. The
concentration of CO at equilibrium is 0 0.85
_____."
2 0.67
0.11 M
6 0.41
"The decay of U-238 to Pb-206 can be
8 0.33
used to estimate the age of inorganic
matter. The half-life of U-238 is 12 0.20
4.5x109 years. In a particular rock
sample, the ratio of the numbers of 14 0.16
Pb-206 to U-238 atoms is 0.66. 0.049 mol L-1s-1
Assume all of the Pb-206 present is
due to the decay of U-238.What is the The equilibrium constant Kc for the
age of rock?" equilibrium A + B <==> C + D is X.
The equilibrium constant for the
b.3.3x109 yr reaction 2C + 2D <==> 2A + 2B is
"The equilibrium constant, Kc for the X^(-2)
reaction H2(g) + CO2(g) <==>
H2O(g) + CO(g) is 4.2. Initially 0.80 Consider the equilibrium reaction:
mole of H2 and 0.80 mole CO2 are H2(g) + Br2(g) ↔ 2HBr(g)
placed in a 5.0 L flask. At equilibrium,
Which of the following correctly
the concentration of H2 is equal to the
describes the relationship between Kc
concentration of _____."
and Kp for the reaction?
C02
Kp = Kc
What element is the stable end-
"The half-life of radioactive carbon is
product of the uranium radioactive
approximately 5700 years. If a sample
decay series?
is found to have 7000 atoms after
Pb 6000 years, how many atoms were
presents initially?"
Which of the following does a catalyst
change? b.14500 atoms

b.the activation energy of a reaction The potential of the cell made up of

Zn/Zn2+(0.25 M) and Cu/Cu2+(0.15
A reaction mechanism usually is M) at 25 °C is _____.
"difficult, if not impossible, to prove" 1.09V
The compound RX3 decomposes 4:59 BAGO MAG 5:00
according to the equation
3RX3 → R + R2X3 + 3X2
In an experiment the following data
were collected for the decomposition
at 100°C. What is the average rate of
reaction over the entire experiment?
t(s) [RX3](mol L-1)