Conservation Theory
Values in different heritage sites
around world
Submitted to:- Ar. Anjaneya Sharma
Table Of Content
1. For its distinctive architecture or landscape – Akshardham Temple.
2. The story it can tell about the past – Jallianwala Bagh.
3. Its connection with notable people or events – Anand Bhawan.
4. Its landform Flora and Fauna – Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary.
5. Because they find it beautiful and inspiring – Sphinx Giza.
6. For its role as a focus of a community – Meenakshi Temple.
7. Architectural or Historic interest or scientific interest – Aquea duct
8. Special Interest – Gate of India.
9. Evidential Value – Colosseum .
10. Historical Value – Charminar.
11. Aesthetic Value – Golden Temple
12. Communal Value – Jaisalmer Fort.
1. Akshardham Temple
The main attraction of the Swaminarayan Akshardham complex is the
Akshardham Mandir. It rises 141-foot (43 m) high, spans 316-foot (96 m)
wide, and extends 356-foot (109 m) long. It is intricately carved
with flora, fauna, dancers, musicians, and deities.
Designed in accordance with the standards of Maharishi Vastu Architecture, it
features a blend of architectural styles across India. It is entirely constructed
from Rajasthani pink sandstone and Italian Carrara marble. Based on
traditional Hindu architectural guidelines (Shilpa shastras) on maximum
temple life span, it makes no use of ferrous metal. Thus, it has no support from
steel or concrete
Side Elevation
Site Plan Aerial View Front Elevation
For its distinctive architecture or landscape 1
2. Jallianwala Bagh
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took
place on 13 April 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered
troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed
Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing at least 400
people including men and women. Over 1,000 people were injured.
The Jallianwala Bagh is a public garden of about 6.27 acres (2.54 ha), walled
on all sides, with only five narrow entrances.
Dyer blocked the main exits, and the troops continued to fire into the fleeing
civilians until their ammunition was almost exhausted. He later declared his
purpose was not to dispel the rally, but to "punish the Indians".
Side Elevation
Front ELevation Aerial View View
The story it can tell about the past 2
3. Anand Bhawan
The Anand Bhavan is a historic house museum in Allahabad, India, focusing
on the Nehru Family. It was bought by Indian political leader Motilal Nehru in
the 1930s to serve as the residence of the Nehru family when the original
mansion Swaraj Bhavan (previously called Anand Bhavan) was transformed
into the local headquarters of the Indian National Congress. Jawahar
Planetarium, the planetarium is situated here, which has been striving to
inculcate scientific temper among masses through its sky shows on astronomy
and science.
Anand Bhavan was donated to Indian government in 1970 by the then Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi the grand daughter of Motilal Nehru and daughter
of Jawaharlal Nehru. Front Elevation
View View Aerial View
Its connection with notable people or events 3
4. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, renamed in 2015 Shahid Chandra Shekhar
Azad Bird Sanctuary, is a bird sanctuary located in Unnao district on the
Kanpur-Lucknow highway in Uttar Pradesh, India consisting of a lake and the
surrounding environment. It is one of the many wetlands of Northern India.
The sanctuary provides protection for 250 species of migratory birds mostly
from CIS (or formerly USSR) countries, but the numbers have been dwindling
since the 1990s, most having relocated to newer areas in Himachal and
Rajasthan. The sanctuary also houses a deer park, watchtowers and boats.
A view of Bird
Sanctuary Nawabganj
Its landform Flora and Fauna 4
5. Great Sphinx of Giza
The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just
the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with
the body of a lion and the head of a human. Facing directly from West to East,
it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt. The
face of the Sphinx is generally believed to represent the pharaoh Khafre. Cut
from the bedrock, the original shape of the Sphinx has been restored with
layers of blocks. It measures 73 m (240 ft) long from paw to tail, 20 m (66 ft)
high from the base to the top of the head and 19 m (62 ft) wide at its rear
haunches. It is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and is
commonly believed to have been built by ancient Egyptians of the Old
Kingdom during the reign of the pharaoh Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BC).
Because they find it beautiful and inspiring 5
6. Meenakshi Temple
Meenakshi Temple (also referred to as Meenakshi Amman or Meenakshi-
Sundareshwara Temple), is a historic Hindu temple located on the southern
bank of the Vaigai River in the temple cityof Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is
dedicated to Meenakshi, a form of Parvati, and her consort, Sundareshwar, a
form of Shiva.The temple is at the center of the ancient temple city of Madurai
mentioned in the Tamil Sangam literature, with the goddess temple mentioned
in 6th century CE texts.
For its role as a focus of a community 6
7. Aqueduct
The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Republic and
later Empire, to bring water from outside sources into cities and towns.
Aqueduct water supplied public baths, latrines, fountains, and private
households; it also supported mining operations, milling, farms, and gardens.
Aqueducts moved water through gravity alone, along a slight overall
downward gradient within conduits of stone, brick, or concrete; the steeper the
gradient, the faster the flow. Most conduits were buried beneath the ground
and followed the contours of the terrain; obstructing peaks were circumvented
or, less often, tunneled through. Where valleys or lowlands intervened, the
conduit was carried on bridgework, or its contents fed into high-pressure lead,
ceramic, or stone pipes and siphoned across.
Architectural or Historic interest or scientific interest 7
8. Gateway of India
The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth
century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was
erected to commemorate the landing in December 1911 at Apollo Bunder,
Mumbai (then Bombay) of King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress
Mary, the first British monarch to visit India. At the time of the royal visit, the
gateway was not yet built, and a cardboard structure greeted the monarch.
The foundation stone was laid in March 1913 for a monument built in
the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating elements of 16th-century Marathi
architecture. The final design of the monument by architect George
Wittet was sanctioned only in 1914, and construction was completed in
1924. The structure is a triumphal arch made of basalt, which is 26 metres
(85 feet) high.
Special Interest 8
9. Colosseum
The Colosseum or Coliseum also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre is an
oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built
of travertine limestone, tuff (volcanic rock), and brick-faced concrete, it was
the largest amphitheatre ever built at the time and held 50,000 to 80,000
spectators. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum.
Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in AD 72[and was
completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir, Titus. Further modifications
were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96). These three emperors are
known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its
association with their family name (Flavius).
Evidential Value 9
10. Charminar
The Charminar (lit. "four minarets"), constructed in 1591, is a monument
and mosque located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The landmark has become
known globally as a symbol of Hyderabad and is listed among the most
recognized structures in India. The Charminar's long history includes the
existence of a mosque on its top floor for more than 400 years. While both
historically and religiously significant, it is also known for its popular and busy
local markets surrounding the structure, and has become one of the most
frequented tourist attractions in Hyderabad. Charminar is also a site of
numerous festival celebrations, such as Eid-ul-adha and Eid-ul-fitr. The
Charminar is situated on the east bank of Musi river.To the west lies the Laad
Bazaar, and to the southwest lies the richly ornamented granite Makkah
Masjid.
Historical Value 10
11. Golden Temple
The Golden Temple, also known as Harmandir Sahib, meaning "abode of God"
or Darbār Sahib, meaning "exalted court", is a Gurdwara located in the city
of Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is the preeminent spiritual site of Sikhism. The
Gurdwara is built around a man-made pool (sarovar) that was completed by
the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das in 1577. Guru Arjan – the fifth Guru of
Sikhism, requested Sai Mir Mian Mohammed – a Muslim Pir of Lahore to lay
its foundation stone in 1589. In 1604, Guru Arjan placed a copy of the Adi
Granth in Harmandir Sahib, calling the site Ath Sath Tirath (lit. "shrine of 68
pilgrimages").
Aesthetic Value 11
12. Jaisalmer Fort
Jaisalmer Fort is situated in the city of Jaisalmer, in the Indian state
of Rajasthan. It is believed to be one of the very few "living forts" in the world
(such as Carcassonne, France), as nearly one fourth of the old city's population
still resides within the fort.For the better part of its 800-year history, the fort
was the city of Jaisalmer. The first settlements outside the fort walls, to
accommodate the growing population of Jaisalmer, are said to have come up in
the 17th century. Jaisalmer Fort is the second oldest fort in Rajasthan, built in
1156 AD by the Rajput Rawal (ruler) Jaisal from whom it derives its name, and
stood at the crossroads of important trade routes (including the ancient Silk
road).
Communal Value 12
Thank You
Submitted By:- Deepak Kumar
Course :- M. Arch, 1st Year, II Sem
Roll No. :- 4
Faculty of Architecture & Planning
