BOK tsp. sos HIS/MD- 404 Unde ‘The Oxtord English Dictionary defines heritage ay ‘property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance, ‘valued things’ such as historic buildings that have been passed tare , and ‘relating to things of historic or cultural value 1 down from previous generations’, \ce and conservation is important here, as it worthy of preservation, The emphasis on inherita is the focus on ‘property’, ‘things’ or ‘buildings, So, heritage is something that can be passed from one generation to the next, som that has historic or cultural value. Herit Piece of property, a building or else ‘ething that can be conserved or inherited, and something might be understood 10 be a physical ‘object’, a @ place that is able to be ‘owned! and ‘passed on’ to someone Tangible cultural heritages are artefacts, monurnents, while intangible cultural heritages includes traditions or living ancestors and passed on to their descendants, such as oral festive events, knowledge and practices and skills to produce traditional crafts. buildings, museums,cte expressions inherited from the traditions, performing arts, social practices, ritual: concerning nature and the universe or the knowledge In case of an entire nation, these values enhance a sense of identity unity b: presence of the cultural property within its borders. . For example, for India, the presence of heritage sites like the Taj Mahal and the Konarak temple creates a sense of pride and being connected through common heritage, uniting the past and the present. Such heritage sites create « sense of common ownership responsibility as a nation to preserve and promote them. Natural heritage refers to natural features, which are inherited fauna and flora, geology, landscape, Iandforms and other natural resources. It includes landscapes and ecological systems valued for — i) its aesthetic qualities; ii) it's contribution w ecological, biological and geological processes and iii) its provision of natural habitats for the conservation of biodiversity.tage includes natural features like mountains, forest, deserts, rivers, flora ter bodies like seas and oceans etc. These are not the ereation of the human ifs of nature and are exposed to natural agents of erosion, degradation, a, large ys but are eee gaa prasaureof people on the resources etc, Thus, it needs protection and depletion conservation. Natural heritage is also an important part of a society's heritage. It encompasses the countryside and natural environment, including flora and fauna, scientifically known as biodiversity, as well as geological elements scientifically known as geo-diversity. These kind of heritage sites often serve as an important component in a country's tourist industry, attracting many visitors from abroad as well as locally, Thus heritage also includes cultural landscapes i.c., natural features that may have cultural attributes. Aspects of the preservation and conservation of natural heritage include rare breeds conservation and heirloom plants. World Heritage Sites: ge Site is a place that is listed by the United Nations Educational, nd Cultural Organization (UNESCO) because of its special cultural or physical significance. UNESCO identifies World Heritage Sites as places that belong to all the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are located:The World Heritage Day/International Day for Monument and Sites is observed annually on 18th April to raise awareness about that importance of preserving. and protecting our cultural heritage and diversity. The World Heritage Day theme for 2024 is "Discover and Experience Diversity. " Some World heritage Sites are mentioned below: )The Great Wall of China: It is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike Peoples or forces. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC these, later Joined together and made bigger, stronger, and unified are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall of China. Especially famous is the wall built between 220- 206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty. So, it is considered as one of the most Famous Cultural Monuments and Wonders of the world. The Statue of Liberty ii)The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World: It was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States and is recognized as a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886, designated as a National Monument in1924 and restored for her centennial on July 4, 1986. iii/The Sultan Ahmed Mosque: ‘The Sultan Ahmed Mosque is an historical mosque in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey and the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The mosque is popularly known as the Blue Mosque for the blue tiles adorning the walls of its interior. It was built from 1609 to 1616, during the rule of Ahmed |. Like many other mosques, it alsoy BOK /MD- 304 comp tomb of the f mn oF the founder the Sultan Ahmed Mosque hae D euittasa and a hospice © {8 still used as a mos ‘@ and a hos, saa ec, While j oe °eeome a popular tourists action. ‘The Potata Palaces 7 v NERC ELIE Dortiae China named at alka ney eae aimed ane Te is located in Lhayg Potala Palace Wa: i e a a Potalaka, the mythical abode eee AACS mThe ns the chief residence the Lah Daa tae Neds nit during the 1939 Faye tS Dalai Lama un neso Dalai Lama fled to sala, List of Wo Id Heritage Ss ii India has 42 World 5 India, 34 are cultura siteo 7 OF the sites are mentioned belt, INESC meee Bat I World Heritage Site wiranga Na ark: inane oe Re Kaziranga National Park is an area with minor human homed rhinoceroses ated i" Assam. It is the home te the World's largest population of one- considered one een MONS With it, there are Panthers, elephants, bears, and tigers, It wes © of India's UNESCO Natural World Heritage Sites in 1985, i») Ree onc National Park: Keoladeo Ghana National Park is the home to aa peaeae a Nt winters including the rare Siberian Crane. It has 364 bird species tes tn gana National Park was marked es one of the UNESCO Natural World Heritage Sites in India in 1985, Wildlife Sanctuary: Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the foothills of and is composed of tropical forests and alluvial grasslands. It has several endangered species like Indian rhinoceros, Pygmy Hog, Tiger, and ‘Indian elephant. Tt was marked as the UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site ig India in 1985, iv). Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers: Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers has the western Himalayas. It has endangered and rare Asiatic black bear, a respectively, ational Park is located in the Ganges has the largest Mangrove forest in the Sundarbans National Park are aquatic the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in v.) Sundarbans National Park: The Sunderbans N delta, covering about 10,000 km2 of land and water. It world (in terms of area). The endangered species of the mammals, tigers, reptiles, and birds. It became one of t India in 1987. India UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site: ge Sites in India comprises of monuments that The UNESCO Cultural World Herita; : inscriptions, and monumental sculptures, It also. includes include architectural work, : \ archaeological sites. Some of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Sites in India are- Monuments of Hampi in Karnataka, Ajanta and Ellora Caves in Maharashtra, Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh, Humayun’s tomb and Red Fort complex in Delhi, Sun Temple in Konark, Odisha, Agra Fort in Uttar Pradesh,etc. ome are discussed below:BCK HIS/MD- 304 it The Qutub uments, New Delhi: ! ‘)Qutb Minar and its Monuments, New Deli wort etape Sits in ‘India. It was built in fu Kingdom. Ht has & jonument in Delhi, is one of th Nad te ath Century by Qutub-ud-din Aibak after de ‘ eho ee nd Ee a 2s unique tapering, design sith 73 meter tall and hay 8 ar OF NE mE ant ala Mnaveamott| urrounding it, These F ity brick minarets s : ‘and represent one of the Jered the UNESCO the top it is surrounded by Al including Quwwatul-Islam, It is als monuments are collectively known as rliest known Mughal Architecture in India. Cultural World Heritage Site in India in 1993 so famous f s the Qutub Minar Complex and Qutb Minar has consid ents at Sunchi, Madhya Pradesh These World Heritage Sites in ii)Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh: y a i India are the oldest stone structures in India, Originally commissioned hoka | 3rd century B.C.E. Sanchi Stupa is located 46 kilometer north-east of Bhopal. Its core was & hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of Buddha and was crowned by the Chaira which symbolizes rank, The stupa was vandalized during 2nd century BCE and renovie during the Satavahana Period when the gateways and the balustrade were built and colored. iii) Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh: One of Seven Wonders of the World known for its white marble Mughal architecture, the Taj Mahal was build by Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his wife Mumtaj Mahal. It is located at the bank of river Jamuna in Agra. The Taj Mahal is universally admired as a masterpiece made of white marble and a symbol of love that depicts Muslim art in India. It is considered as the best example of Mughal architecture worldwide and is called the "Jewel of Muslim Art in India’. Taj Mahal was considered the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site in India in 1983. iv)Ramappan Temple The Ramappan Temple (also known as the Rudreswara Temple), Telangana, was recognized as a World Heritage site on 25th July 2021. v)Pholavira: It is a Harappan civilization city. The historical site was added to the list of World Heritage sites on 27th July 2021 There is only one UNESCO Mixed World Heritage Site in India, The mixed sites has both natural and cultural importance. It is the Khangchenzonga National Park. {t is located in the middle of the Himalayan range in Sikkim (North India). There are a large variety of unique glaciers, valleys, lakes, and plains. Along with this, the National park consists of snow-capped mountains, These mountains are entirely covered with ancient forests. Mount Khangehenzonga, the world's third highest peak, is also situated in the Khangchenzonga National Park. Apart from their natural importance, the mountains, caves ves te, Hold cultural significance as various mythological stories are linked with them. Sikkim residents worship these objects as different sac ries actices aretatontaad PE eee Belin, re acred stories and practices are associated Tangible and Intangible Heritageexcavating, displaying, or restoring @ gible which includes ideas and memories Morical buildings, archaeological sites and many other geolog and even extends into certain aspect: : 7 ee? OF oulie (hat canbe found underwater. Exeinple chipareste eee tuins, and cities. It is the built heritage These include ol jects significant to the archaeology, architecture, science or technology of a specific culture. |. Their preservation demonstrates recognition of the necessity of the past and of the things that tell its story. The Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India is an important building in Indian culture. This remarkable example of architecture holds historical and aesthetic significance both nationally and worldwide. The Taj Mahal also holds religious significance for Indian Muslims, as the building features Islamic motifs and Arabic calligraphy. g expression ying expressions inherit. * Oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage; + Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; Oral traditions are used to pass on knowledge, cultural and social values and collective memory. They play a crucial part in keeping cultures alive.+ Katiyattam a Sanskrit Thea d sung verse ry. Music st often BOK HES/MD> 304 |, dance an juman creativil y society, Mo gible cultural ¢ from yoeal and. instrumental mus Hrural expressions that reflect hi found in ever’ of intan} Phe performing arts rang They include numerous cu i sal of the performing arts and | 1 other domains as an integral part of other performing art forms and events or oral traditions. Is, festive ents are habitual e shared by and relev ffirm the identity of those din public or private, are ay help to mark the pass! and beyond. is pethaps the most univer activities that structure the ant to many of their who practise them closely linked to ing of the heritage including ritual Social practices, rituals and festive ev lives of communities and groups and that are members, They are significant because they rea fas a group or a society and, whether performe important events. Social, ritual and festive practices m seasons, events in the agricultural calendar or the stages of ‘Traditional crafism ‘as baskets, jewellery, pottery, jon of traditional crafism: their s a person’s life. anship is the skill involved in creating traditional craft objects such musical instruments, clothing etc. These are numerous iship which needs to be safeguarded and artisans should be kills and knowledge onto others. expre encouraged to continue to pai intangible cultural heritage elements on the prestigious UNESCO’s ative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Some of them are + India has Represet mentioned below: trical tradition practiced in Kerala(2008), Tradition i ‘ ” S r wy 2 }, Tra of Vedic Chanting(2008), Kalbelia Folk Songs and Dances of Rajasthan (2010), Sankirtana. ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur (2013), Yoga (2016) Kumbh Mela(2017), Durga Puja Festival of Goddess Durga in Kolkata (2021) he Garba, a traditional dance form of Gujarat is the latest addition to the list(2023)“ Archaeological Sit An archaeological Activities. Archa coli Valuable information. see is any place whe is a vi there are physical remains of past human HI filled with historical and cultural artefacts with The Minis Ministry of Culture is entitled to categorize the archaeological sites: 1st Grade Archaeological Site: clearly observed and preserved. Onl museums or archaeological excav; In these sites, ruins and remains of cultural heritage are ly scientific excavation and restoration performed by the ation teams is permitted. 2nd Grade Ar gical Site: TI drban arene qrch#eological Site: The precious archacological sites that are de facto living 5 OF parts of a human settlement, 3rd Grade it rd Grade Archacological Site: Potential archaeological sites with a strong evidence th ae nit Temains could be discovered if any excavation is conducted. Urban development in such are i 4s Js not permitted, unless a proper examination or preliminary excavation is carried out by the museum archaeologists ___ There are many types of archacological sites. Prehistoric archacological sites are those without a written record. They may include villages or cities, stone quarries, rock art, ancient cemeteries, campsites, and megalithic stone monuments. A site can be as small as a pile of chipped stone tools left by a prehistoric hunter. Or a site can be as large and complex as the prehistoric settlements of Chaco Canyon in the American southwest, Historical archaeology sites are those where archaeologis' n use writing to aid their research. Those could include densely populated modern cities, or areas far below the surface of a river, or the sea. The wide variety of historical archaeological sites includes shipwrecks, battlefields, slave quarters, cemeteries, mills, and factories. There are many Archaeological sites around the world. Some of the famous archaeological sites are : * The Stonchenge + Tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi * The Great Wall of China + Teotihuacan of Mexico © The great Pyramids © The Ziggurat of Ur, Iraq © The Acropolis of Athens © Pompeii © Great Sphinx of Giza + Jerusalem * The Colosseum of Rome +) Mohenjodaro * Angkor of Cambodia * The Cave of Altamira * Machu Picchu in Peru e Alexandria Some notable archaeological sites in India include Rakhigari, an archaeological site located in the state of Haryana, India. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are also ancient Archacological site: in India.BCK HES/MD- 304 st nce for at leas t-has been In oe aN ct or work of art that gms, morals OF PONCE oO literature, Fe'glons z ae pereched Bere ml intings, ¢PiBtihs, or evidence of umes ined by ony Coan te Antiquity: . sei antiquity refers to any obje jects science, art, sculptures, pai fossil, human hundred years and ref e ygone erm. include coins, ide object, } likelihood of being dete ¢ survived to the bygone era. This can it other items. It means any coe burials, which has a reasonal le x ‘Authority to be of historical value and require preservation. fr a hat hav! ects from the ancient world ¢ pe istinguishe: IS by Renaissance writers who c 3 Hine aaa were living in, It can cifically Antiquity may be defined as obj modem day. The term ‘Antiquity’ was iqui i © times they between Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the more recent tim! wel refer to any period before 500 AD, but usually refers to Classical Antiquity that spe means the civilizations of Ancient Greece and Rome. ‘According to the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 “antiquity” includes— ther work of art or craftsmanship; @ any coin, sculpture, painting, epigraph or ot (ii) any article, object or thing detached from a buil (iii) any article, object or thing illustrative of science, al interest; by the Central Government, by notificatior f this Act, which has been in existence Iding or cave; ee art, crafts, literature, religion, customs, n in the morals or politics in bygone ages; (any article, object or thing of historic () any article, object or thing declared Official Gazette, to be an antiquity for the purposes o} for not less than one hundred years; and (vi) any manuscript, record or other document which is of scientific, historical, literary or aesthetic value and which has been in existence for not less than seventy-five years; “art treasure” means any Art Treasures: An Art Treasure is a human work of art, other than an antiquity, declared to 'treasure' comes from the Old French 'tresor’ which means "something of great worth". be a treasure by the centre for its artistic value after the artist's death. The English word According to the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 human work of art, not being an antiquity, declared by the Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette, for its artistic or aesthetic valuc: No declaration under this clause shall be made in respect of any such work of art so long as the author thereof is alive. (75 for manuscripts and documents, 100 years for other objects)/ art treasures are not While cultural property maybe considered to be an antiquity if it is of a minimum age subjected to such condition but they must be the subject of declaration by the Central has declared paintings including Government and published in the Official Gazette. Thus, the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 jects of plastic by Rabindranath Tagore, Amrit drawings, sketches, diagrams, etc. and the obj Sher-Gil, Jamini Roy, Nandal Bose, Ravi Varma, Gaganendranath Tagore, Abanindranath jee, and N. Roerich as art treasures for the purpose of this act. These Tagore, Sailoj Mukherj are all human works of art having artistic and aesthetic value.