VINAYAKA MISSION’S COLLEGE OF NURSING

Kirumampakkam, Puducherry-607403

A constituent college of

VINAYAKA MISSION’S RESEARCH FOUNDATION SALEM.

(Deemed to be university)

PERFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE MR.MANOJKUMAR P

2 ADDRESS 1st YEAR M.SC NURSING
VINAYAKA MISSION’S COLLEGE OF
NURSING
CUDDALORE MAIN ROAD,
KIRUMAMBAKKAM,PUDUCHERRY-
607403
3 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION VINAYAKA MISSION’S COLLEGE OF
NURSING
KIRUMAMBAKKAM,PUDUCHERRY.
4 COURSE OF THE STUDY MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

5 SPECIALITY MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

6 DATE OF SUBMISSION

7 NAME OF THE GUIDE:1 MR.GNANASEKAR , M.SC (N),

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPT.OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING ,
VMCON , PUDUCHERRY.
8 NAME OF THE GUIDE:2 MRS.AYEE , M.SC (N), PHD
HOD CUM ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,
DEPT.OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING ,
VMCON , PUDUCHERRY.

TITLE OF THE STUDY: Effectiveness of yogasana’s on reduction of stress

and depression among prisoners at Cuddalore.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of selected yogasana’s on reduction of

stress and depression among prisoners in central prison at cuddalore.

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Imprisonment has been accompanied with mental illness like anxiety,

depression, self harming, and aggressive behaviour. The people in prison had
fear of family abandonment guilt for being absent from raising and educating
their children, losing their right to the social importance of work, guilt, financial
loss, social discrimination and thinking about future leads to low self esteem
and development of depression among prisoners.

Around 16.1 million adults, 6.7 percent of the adult population have
depression in prison. About 57 (14.2%) had moderate depression with somatic
features, 25 (6.2%) severe depression without psychotic features, while 18
(4.5%) had severe depression with psychotic features and the prevalence of
depression was 37% among 400 prisoners in Port Harcourt Prison, Nigeria.

A systematic review by has been done in India, which includes 23,000 prisoners
from 62 surveys which aimed to examine the serious mental disorders showed
that 3.7% of men had psychotic illnesses, 10% had major depression, and 65%
had a personality disorder. Among women, 4.0% had psychotic illnesses, 12%
had major depression, and 42% had a personality disorder

An estimated prevalence of depressive disorders in India is 4.5% of the

total population. In India, around 49% of women and 23% of men who have
been imprisoned for various reasons were identified with depression and
anxiety. In Tamil Nadu one prisoner dies every 4 days due to longer stay and
stress in their prison environment

Yoga is a group of physical, mental and spiritual practices of disciplines which

originated in ancient times. Yoga is a mind-body practice that has seen a
significant rise in popularity over recent years. Many studies have tried to
determine the effectiveness of modern yoga as a complementary intervention
for cancer, schizophrenia, asthma, heart diseases and other psychiatric illness

Yoga had positive effect on stress management and building self-esteem and
emotional intelligence. It is suggested that yoga is a public, effective and
suitable sport and can lead to positive mental and physical health
 13 Million US adults have practiced yoga for 12 months. Of these adults,
58 percent report practicing yoga helps them maintain their health and well-
being especially reducing depression and anxiety

Yoga technique has been shown to have 62% to 79% of people experienced
success rate in the treatment of depression, anxiety and stress regardless of their
severity three weeks.

Published studies further suggest that Pranayama normalizes patients

brainwave patterns, increases serum prolactin (a ‘well being’ hormone), and it is
effective as standard antidepressant drug regimen. Yet it is safe, free of
unwanted side effects, cost effective, and self empowering.

Various interventional studies have been implemented in the treatment of

depression among prisoners. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of
the practice of selected Yoga on Stress and Depression among male prisoners in
the prison.

OBJECTIVES:

 To assess the level of Stress and Depression among male prisoners in

Central Prison.

 To evaluate the effectiveness of selected yogasana’s on Stress and

Depression among male prisoners in Central Prison.

 To associate the level of Stress and Depression with the selected socio-
demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:

1. Assess

It refers to the determination of measuring the level of stress and

Depression among male prisoners in Central Prison with the use of DASS-21
scale.

2. Effectiveness

It refers to the degree in which the practice of selected Yoga practice is

successful in reducing the level of stress and Depression among male prisoners
in Central Prison.
3. Selected yogasana’s:

A type of Yoga in which there are several limbs of asanas among these
Talasana, Veerasana, Bhujangasana, Pawana Mukthasana and Shavasana with
Marmanasthana Kriya, Pranava Pranayama and Sadantha Pranayama were
taught to the prisoners and they were trained to practice the yoga for 30 minutes
a day in the morning for 7 days.

4. Stress:

In this study Stress refers to an individual reaction to any changes that requires
an adjustment or response which can be physical, mental or emotional.5.
Depression

In this study it refers to depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in

usual activities and evidence of impaired social and occupational functioning
has exist for at least two weeks

6. prisoners

A male person who has been confined legally in the Central Prison,
Cuddalore at Tamilnadu.

7. Prison

The building in which people are legally confined into as a punishment

for crime they have committed. In this study the researcher have chosen Central
Prison, in Cuddalore at Tamilnadu.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1: There will be a significant difference between the Level of Stress and
Depression among male prisoners before and after the practice of selected
yogasana’s.

H2: There will be a significant Association between the level of Stress and
Depression among male prisoners with the selected demographic variables.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

1. Manpreet Kaur and Dr. Rajesh (2016) conduct an experimental study

on the effect of yoga and meditations on stress management among
female prisoners in Delhi. They were selected by random Sampling
technique and the data were collected by using a questionnaire. Findings
showed from the analysis that Yoga and meditation has positive impact
on improved mood, reduced stress, lesser psychological distress,
improved ability to override impulse for female prisoners with the p
<.0.001

2. Lakshmi Narasimhan, et al., (2016)conduct an experimental study on

the effect of integrated yogic practice among prisoners in California on
reducing depression. 450 prisoners were selected by simple random
sampling and the data were collected by modified version of Positive and
Negative Scale. Findings showed that 312 persons had experienced good
effect of Yoga on reducing depression with the p 0.02

3. PrachiDeshbhratar (2016) was conduct aquantitative study on effect of

Pranayama on depression in Geriatric population 60 samples at Pune
were selected by simple random sampling and the data were collected by
Beck Depression Rating Scale. Among these groups, group A was given
Pranayama practice and group B were given the conventional breathing
exercises for 12 weeks. Findings showed that group A- p value 0.04,
group B- p value0.06 which shows that Pranayama is more effective in
reducing depression.

4. Neelu Sharma et.al, (2015) conduct a cross sectional study on Mental

Health Problems in Criminals in Terms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress
among two groups of convicted criminals: forty murderers and thirty two
rapists in Birsa Munda Central Jail, Hotwar (Ranch, Jharkhand, India).
Samples were selected by purposive sampling technique and the data
were collected by DASS questionnaire. Findings showed that around
18(56.2) rapists had no symptoms of depression, 8 (25.0%) had mild
depression, 3(9.4%) had moderate level of depression and 3 (9.4.5%) had
severe depression. While in murderer’s group 34(85.0%) murderers were
asymptomatic on depression scale, 3(7.5%) had mild depression, 2(5.0%)
murderers had moderate level of depression, 1(2.5%) had severe level of
depressive symptoms with the p value < 0.01
5. Sureka P et.al, (2014) were conduct aexperimental study on Effect of
Sudarshan Kriya on male prisoners with non psychotic psychiatric
disorders; a randomized control trial among 230 male prisoners was done
by simple random sampling technique. Each individual was involved in a
daily program of Skill, Knowledge &Practice for six weeks. Each
individual control participant was instructed to sit in an armchair with his
eyes closed and gentle attention to their breath for duration of six weeks.
Result showed that practicing Skill, Knowledge &Practice helps in
improving the psychotic symptoms especially for depression and total
development of an individual. Skill, Knowledge &Practice also causes
significant reduction in anxiety and depression levels with the level of p<
0.01

6. Fazel, S. and Danesh, J. (2012)conduct a systematic review of survey

was done on serious mental disorder in general prison populations in
western countries. Around 23,000 prisoners were selected by simple
random sampling technique and the data was collected by means of self
structured questionnaire. Findings showed that 62 surveys from 12
countries included 22790 prisoners (mean age 29 years, 18530 [81%]
men, 2568 [26%] of 9776 were violent offenders). 3.7% of men (95% CI
3.3--4.1) had psychotic illnesses, 10% (9--11) major depression, and 65%
(61--68) a personality disorder, including 47% (46--48) with antisocial
personality disorder. 4.0% of women (3.2--5.1) had psychotic illnesses,
12% (11--14) major depression, and 42% (38--45) a personality disorder,
including 21% (19--23) with antisocial personality disorder with the p
0.02

7. Bland RC et.al, (2012) were conduct adescriptive study on Prevalence of

psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts. 180male prisoners were
randomly selected by using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and other
questionnaires. Study findings showed that Prisoners were twice as likely
to have a lifetime psychiatric disorder compared with the general
population, and all individual disorders investigated were more common
in the prison population. Six month prevalence showed even greater rates
compared with the general population, indicating recent symptoms. The
number of individual disorders per prisoner was also higher than the
general population. Lifetime suicide attempts were seven times more
frequent in prisoners than the general population with the p 0.08
MATERIALS AND METHODS:

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Quantitative approach will be used for this study.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

This study design will be Pre – Experimental Design (One group pre-test
and post-test design).

POPULATION:

The population of the study consists of Male prisoers who are convicted
imprisonment in Cuddalore at Tamilnadu.

SETTING OFTHE STUDY:

The study was conducted at Central Prison, Cuddalore at Tamilnadu. Which is7
kms from Vinayaka missions college of nursing.

VARIABLES:

Independent variable

 Selected yogasana’s

Dependent variable

 Stress and Depression

SAMPLE:

Male prisoners in Central Prison, Cuddalore at Tamilnadu., who fulfilled

the inclusion criteria.

SAMPLE SIZE:

The present study is considered as 60 male prisoners who met the inclusion and
exclusion criteria

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

From the accessible population, who satisfied the inclusion criteria were
selected by using Purposive Sampling technique.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING SAMPLE:

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

 Male prisoners who are present during the time of study.

 Male prisoners who exhibit the symptoms of Stress and depression

 Male prisoners who know the language of Tamil and English

EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA:

 Male prisoners who are not willing to participate in the study.

 Male prisoners who are not available during data collection period.

 Male prisoners who are physically and mentally challenged.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL:

The tool will be developed based on the review of literature and opinion from
experts. It consists of,

Part I: Demographic variables of the Male prisoners in Central Prison

The demographic variables include Age, Marital status, Number of

children, Type of family, Occupation , Monthly income of the family,
Educational qualification, Socio economic status, Family history of mental
illness, Duration of stay in Prison, Type of crime, History of physical illness,
Previous knowledge regarding yoga.

Part 2: Perceived stress scale:

PSS scale is the standard tool to assess perceived stress of an individual in the
last month. it is five point likert rating scale.

Part 3: Beck’s depression inventory:

Beck’s depression inventory is the standard tool to assess the severity of

depression. It comprises of 21 multiple choice self report questions inventory.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION:
Ethical clearance will be obtained from the institutional ethical committee.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE:

The permission was obtained from the higher authority concerned. The
purpose of interview was explained to the male prisoners in Central Prison with
the help of information sheet. During the interview, the investigator explained
the ethical issues related to the study to the prisoners. After explaining the
procedure to the male prisoners, the investigator obtained an informed consent
from each inmate regarding their willingness to participate in the study. A
separate place was selected for interview and subjects were seated there and
made comfortable and feel relaxed. The data collection was carried out in three
phases.

Phase 1: Through the interview method, pre-test level of stress and depression
will be assessed by using Perceived stress scale and Beck’s depression
inventory.

Phase 2: 60 Male prisoners who satisfies the inclusion and exclusion criteria
were selected and Selected yogasana’s will be practised for the duration of 30
min daily for 7 days in the morning from 6 am to 7 am.

Phase 3: Post-test level of Stress and depression will be assessed with Perceived
stress scale and Beck’s depression inventory scale, after practising the selected
yogasanas

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:

Data obtained were analyzed in view of objectives of the study using

descriptive and inferential statistics.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. Suresh K Sharma, “Text book of Nursing research and

statistics”,ElsevierPublications2015. P-113

2. Polit& Beck. “Textbook of Nursing Research Generating and Assessing

Evidence ForNursing Practice”, 9th edition, Lippincott, Wiliams&
Wilkins Publications. 2013. P-57-58
3. Sri Swami Sivananda, the science of pranayama, published by the divine
life society, Himalayas, Sixth edition, India: 2007.

4. Suresh Bada et.al, prevalence of mental disorders and substance use

disorders in central prison. A review with special emphasis on a study of
Bangalore prisoners on remand. NIHMANS 2011. P-143-193.

5. Fazel, S. and Danesh, J. (2012) Serious mental disorder in 23,000

prisoners: A systematic review of 62 surveys. The Lancet, 359, 545-
550. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07740-1

6. Vinod Kumar and UshaDaria. Psychiatric morbidity in prisoners. Indian

J Psychiatry. 2013 Oct-Dec; 55(4): 366–370.

7. Neelu Sharma, Om Prakash, Dr. K. S. Sengar& Dr. A. R. Singh. A

Study of Mental Health Problems in Criminals in Terms of Depression,
Anxiety and Stress By DASS scale. Double Blind Peer Reviewed
International Research Journal Publisher 2015.

8. Bland RC, Newman SC, Dyck RJ, Orn H. Prevalence of psychiatric

disorders and suicide attempts in a prison, Journal of Psychiatry 2012;
Jun; 35(5):407-13.

9. Vinod Kumar and UshaDaria. Psychiatric morbidity in prisoners. Indian

J Psychiatry. 2013 Oct-Dec; 55(4): 366–370. doi: 10.4103/0019-
5545.120562
Signature of the candidate: Date of submission:

Guide:

Name :

Designation :

Comments on project:

Signature of the guide: Signature of the co-guide:

Comments of the principal:

Signature of the Principal: