SEMINAR
ON
SENSORY DEPREVATION
PREPARED BY:
P.MANOJKUMAR.
MSC (N) 1ST YR,
VMCON.
INTRODUCTION
An individual senses are essential foe
growth ,developementand survival.
Sensory stimuli give meaning to events in
the envirnment.
Any alterartions in people's sensory
functions can affect their ability to function
within the envirnment.
COMPONENTS OF SENSORY
EXPERIENCE:
Sensory reception.
Sensory perception.
SENSORY RECEPTION
External stimuli: It occur when an external
stimulisuch as touch approchesand body
responds accordingly.
Internal stimuli: It is of two types.
• Kinesthetic: It is related to position and
movement of body partsin response to
stimuli.(e.g)when a person touches the
tennis ball,he recgnizes it as a circular
ball,of medium size and rough texture.
contd.
Visceral: It refers to any large organ within
the body,(e.g) when a person eats the
food,then he recognizes the feeing of full
stomuch.
SENSORY PERCEPTION
It refers to the ability of brain to intrept the
object which he receives.
ASPECTS OF SENSORY PROCESS:
Stimulation.
Receptor.
Impulse conduction.
Perception.
contd..
• Stimulus: It is an act or any agent that
stimulates a nerve receptor(also calles
transduction).
• Receptor: The nerve cell act as a receptor
by converting the stimulus to nerve
impulse.
Impulse conduction:
The impulse travel along nerve pathway
to
spinal cord or directly t the brain
via ascendingsensry tract
to
Then certain nerve impulse travels to the
cerebral cortex where they get perceived.
contd..
perception:
• In perception, awareness and interpretationof
stimuli take place.
• It occurs through speciallized brain cells tht
interpret the nature and quality of sensory
stimuli.
• It is important to note that the level of
conciouness affect the interpretation of
stimulus.
TYPES OF RECEPTORS:
Exteroceptors: Touch,light
presure,pain,temperature,odour,sound
and light.
proprioceptors:sense of
position,movement and co-ordination.
Interoceptors:Viceral information.
Chemoreceptors:
FACTORS AFFECTING
PERCEPTION:
Developmental
Social
lifestyle
occupational
pathologic
therapuetic
Developmental:
• Newborn:sensory perception is
rudimentary.Repeated stimulation is required
for maturation of CNS.
• Toddler and preschoolers:Learns full
acquintances with the world by exploration
with all senses.
• Child and adolecents:Learning occurs at an
accelerated pace.reading and listening
inmprove sensory perception.
• Adults and older adults:Sensory perception is
at peak.gradual reduction in effiency occurs
Social:
• Peoples with sensory problems will have less
social interaction.
• A deaf person may have less social
interaction and verbal communication.
• Sensory impaired children will have low self
esteem and less communication initiative
compared to nrmal children.
• Sensation is affected by restricted and
unstimulating environment.
Lifestyle:
• The amount and quality f sensory
information that a person feels comfortabe
in processing are based on his or her work
and leisure habits.
• Some people may prefer quite
environmentwhile others derive energy
and productivity from the activity around.
Occupational:
• Type of occupation and occupational
evironment affect the sensory perception.
• people who are exposed to prolonges loud
noise will develop hearing problems.
• People who use their hands repetitively
may develop trauma of median nerve and
carpel tunnel syndrome.
Pathologic:
• clients with DM may experience an
alterations in vision.
• The presence of
visual,auditory,olfactory,gastatory or tactile
sensory deficits may cause a decrease in
sensory stimuli.
Therapuetic:
• Excessive environmental stimuli in ICU
• Isolation
• Restricted visiting hours in ICU
• Smoking
• Endotracheal intubation
• pharmacologic:
--Aminoglycoside antibiotic
--Analgesics and sedatives.
ALTERATIONS IN SENSORY STIMULI
Sensory deficit.
Sensory Overload.
Sensory Deprivation.
SENSORY DEFICIT
• A deficit in the normal function of sensory
reception and perception.
Managing of sensory deficits
THE CLIENT WITH a TACTILE
DEFICIT
• Avid the following :
• Sun exposure (use sunblock )
• Hot wather bath
• Hot wather bottles ,heating pads
• Caeeying hot food or liquids in lap
• Siting on objrcts that may be hot
• Eating on objects that may be hot
• Eating hot fod ,such as pizza, or other itemes that maintatin
heat for an exten ded peiod , without fist testing temerture
• Over exposuer to very low temertures withouer proper
portection.
THE CLIENT WITH A VISUAL
IMPAIRMENT
• Look diretly at the client while speaking .
• Encourage the client to handle iterm and objects;
use obects that can be ibentified by others senses.
• Keep furniture and other iterm in thier usunal place ;
orient the client to the eniro
• Use normal tone , volume and rate of speaking.
• Infoerm the client when you are entering or leaving
the room .
• Ask for the permission of the client before touching
him or her .
SENSORY OVERLOAD
• When a person receives multiple sensory
stimuli nd cannot perceptually disregard or
selectively ignore some stimuli.
CAUSES FOR SENSORY OVERLOAD
• Internal factors such as thinking about
impending surgery.
• anxiety
• environment
• ICU or crowded ward
• uncontrlled pain
• noise
• light.
CLINICAL SIGNS OF SENSORY
OVERLOAD
• complints of fatigue
• sleeplessness
• irritability
• anxiety
• restlessness
• disorientation
• reduced problem solving ability
CLINICAL SIGNS OF SENSORY
OVERLOAD:contd...
• reduced task performance
• increased muscle tension
• Scattered attention
• racing thoughts.
CARE OF SENSORY OVERLOAD
CLIENT:
• Address the client by his or her name.
• provide explanations of all the procedures.
• modify the environment to reduce the
excessive multisensory stimulation;reduce
distractions ,loud nose and excessive light.
• Behave in a calm and composed manner
when communicating with a client.
• provide a private room.
CARE OF SENSORY OVERLOAD
CLIENT:contd..
• plan the delivery of care to allow for rest
periods with no stimulation.
• use soft BGM.
• keep the envt free from strong odurs.
• limit the number and frequency of visitors.
