Johns Hopkins University Press

Classical Association of the Atlantic States

A Survey of Publications on Greek Lyric Poetry since 1952

Author(s): Douglas E. Gerber
Source: The Classical World, Vol. 61, No. 7 (Mar., 1968), pp. 265-279
Published by: Johns Hopkins University Press on behalf of the Classical Association of the
Atlantic States
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TH _LASSJICA
C L WOR zLD
PUBLISHED BY THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE ATLANTIC STATES, INC.

VOL. 61, NO. 7 MARCH 1968 WHOLE NO. 1322

CONTENTS
D. E. Gerber: A Survey of Publications on Greek Lyric Poetry Since 1952, I . . 265
C.A.A.S.: Program of Sixty-first Annual Meeting, Wilmington, Del., April 19-20, 1968 281
E. E. Seittelman: Twelfth Annual Survey of Audiovisual Materials . . . . 283
Directory - Films - Filmstrips - Filmstrip and/or Slide Sets - Slides - Transparencies - Study Prints
and Pictures - Posters - Reprints - Recordings - Tapes - Maps - Realia and Models - Catalogs -
TeachHerTraining
H. Hayder, O.S.B.: In the Schools (ACL PR Packet) . . . . . . . 308
Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Notes and News . . . . 308 Books Received . . . . . 310

A SURVEYOF PUBLICATIONS
ON 1. General
GREEKLYRICPOETRYSINCE 1952* D. L. Page, Poetae Melici Graeci (Oxford
INTRODUCTION 1962), has published a critical text of all the
The following survey of Greek Lyric is a melic poets (excluding Pindar, Bacchylides and
continuation of the excellent account given by the Lesbian poets, for which there are already
G. M. Kirkwood in CW 47 (1953) 33-42 and modern critical editions) up to Powell's Collec-
49-54, and adopts in general the same organiza- tanea Alexandrina (except that Erinna unfor-
tion of material. Although I make no claim to tunately is omitted in both). Ancient testimonia
completeness, I have tried to include everything and variant readings are given in full, but only
which has been published exclusively or almost what Page considers the most important of
exclusively on the poets concerned, except that modern conjectures are included, and biblio-
for reasons of space I have omitted all transla- graphical information is cited sparingly. This is
tions and a few works written in languages with perhaps the most important and most useful
which the majority of classical scholars are not publication on Greek lyric since Bergk. (Let us
acquainted. Those publications of 1952 or 1953 hope that all who refer to these poets will now
which came to Kirkwood's attention in time for use Page's numbering of the fragments.)
insertion in his survey are of course also omitted. The elegiac and iambic poets have been edited
In some instances it is extremely difficult, if not and translated in two volumes by F. R. Adrados,
impossible, to summarize an author's views, and Liricos griegos: elegiacos y yamb6grafos arcaicos
I apologize for any I may have misrepresented. (Barcelona 1956-59). Vol.- 2 contains Hipponax, An-
anius, Xenophanes and Theognis, vol. 1 the remain-
The reader will soon see that in terms of quantity ing poets. Each poet is provided with an introduc-
at least the period since 1952 has produced a tion (in some cases quite lengthy), bibliography, ap-
magnus proventus of publications on Greek Lyric. paratus and notes. Unfortunately the sources are
merely cited, not quoted, and allusions or para-
Unless otherwise indicated, references to elegy phrases are excluded. The introductions are on the
and iambic are from the third edition of Diehl's whole excellent, and his notes, although not detail-
Anthologia Lyrica Graeca, Sappho and Alcaeus from ed, are sound. The section on Archilochus, particu-
Lobel and Page's Poetarum Lesbiorum Fragmenta, larly the reconstruction of his epodes, is influenced
Pindar and Bacchylides from Snell's latest Teubner too much by Lasserre and is hence highly specula-
texts, and the remainder from Page's Poetae Melici tive. It is impossible to summarize his views on
Graeci. The abbreviations of periodicals are norm-
ally those used by L'Annee Philologique. Professor Schoenheim reports that the
* Professor Gerber's article is the 47th in the CW April issue will be further delayed by the
non-arrival of the British supplement to her
Survey Series, and supplements that by Professor "Textbooks in Greek and Latin, 1968 List."
Kirkwood, as noted above, covering the period 1936- -Ed.
1952/53.-Ed.

CAAS - DCA SPRING MEETING, Wilmington, Delaware, April 19-20, 1968 (see pp. 281-282)

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266 THE CLASSICAL WORLD MARCH 1968

each poet, but I should mention that his 62 page containing prophecies and "Klagereden mit To-
introduction to Theognis contains much that is valu- deswunsch," with a concluding chapter on style.
able. For a summary of Adrados' views on the
Theognidean question see D. C. C. Young's review Although he is concerned chiefly with melic
in Gnomon 32 (1960) 740-44. poetry, he provides a wealth of parallels from
A complete list of all the words in the early epic, elegiac, iambic and Hellenistic poetry, and
lyric poets, including Pindar and Bacchylides, is to a lesser degree from tragedy.
given by G. Fatouros, Index Verborum zur friTh-
griechschen Lyrik (Heidelberg 1966). The poets are G. Lanata, Poetica pre-platonwa: testimonianze
quoted according to the latest editions and a full e frammenti (Florence 1963), provides a commen-
Numerorum Tabula is given at the beginning. This tary on a collection of fragments of poetic theory
is extremely useful, but what we need most of all from Homer to Socrates (excluding comedy). Her
is a lexicon. comments are sensible, if not novel. (See also her
"La poetica dei poeti lirici arcaici," Antidoron H.
The two most important recent studies of H. Paoli oblatum (Genoa 1956) 168-82.) H. Maehler,
Die Auffassung des Dichterberufs im friihen
Greek lyric are the second edition of C. M. Griechentum bis zur Zeit Pindars (G6ttingen 1963),
Bowra's Greek Lyric Poetry from Alcman to after a discussion of Homer and Hesiod devotes 52
Simonides (Oxford 1961) and B. A. van Gron- pages to the lyric poets from Archilochus to Bac-
ingen's La composition litteraire archaique grec- chylides, pointing out that the early poets believed
it was no longer the Muse who inspired, but the
que (Amsterdam 1958). No one is better than poet's own thymos. Solon the poet became a sophos
Bowra at combining literary criticism, historical and this concept is expanded in Pindar. It was no
material and textual exegesis. At times he is in-
clined to infer too much from fragmentary re- The Classical World, formerly The Classcal
mains and to suggest that all lyric poetry attain- Weekly, is published monthly from September to
ed the same high standard, but his magnificent May. Owner and Publisher, The Classical Associa-
tion of The Atlantic States, Inc. Place of Publica-
prose and imaginative sympathy instil a fresh tion, Rutgers, The State University, Newark College
life into these poets whose remains are so often of Arts and Sciences, 175 University Ave., Newark,
treated only with a philological approach. Van N.J. 07102. All rights reserved. The Classical World
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problem - Unterschungen zu den Reden in der Book Review Editor: Prof. Ursula Schoenheim,
frihgriechischen Lyrik (Munich 1967), analyses Queens College, Flushing, N.Y. 11367. Notes and An-
speeches in the lyric poets up to the middle of nouncements Editor: Prof. Bernard F. Dick, Iona
the fifth century under two main headings: College, New Rochelle, N.Y. 10801. School Editor:
Rev. Hilary Hayden, O.S.B., St. Anselm's Abbey,
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MARCH 1968 THE CLASSICAL WORLD 267

longer sufficient to recount the exploits of heroes Articles of a general nature on Greek lyric.
or the genealogies of gods, to be a poet of facts, Probably the two most important are by A. E.
or to speak simply of oneself and one's own personal
feelings. The poet must be something of a visionary, Harvey, "The Classification of Greek Literary
one who creates an image of a world more brilliant Poetry," CQ NS 5 (1955) 157-75, and "Homeric
than reality. Epithets in Greek Lyric Poetry," CQ NS 7 (1957)
206-23. In the first he examines the methods of
A somewhat disappointing book is M. Treu's
classification adopted by the Alexandrians and
Von Homer zur Lyrik. Wandlungen des griechis-
the original characteristics used to distinguish
chen Weltbildes im Spiegel der Sprache (Munich
one form of lyric poetry from another. In the
1955). He tries to reconstruct by means of a close
second, after a brilliant analysis of the use made
analysis of vocabulary and style the image that
by the lyric poets of Homeric epithets, he con-
a specific poet had of the world. The first part
cludes that "ornamental Homeric epithets were
deals with Homer, the second (pp. 136-241) with
not used indiscriminately by the lyric poets.
the Lesbian poets, and the third (pp. 241-305)
Those phrases which remain 'unexplained' either
with the poets from Hesiod to Simonides. Much
have overtones which we can no longer hear, or
of what he says about specific words is valuable,
else are simply cliches, and the product of care-
but too often he is led to generalizations not
less writing." P. Mourlon Bernaert, "Les pre-
warranted by the passages discussed. See the ex-
miers lyriques grecs en face de la mort," LEC
cellent review by G. M. Kirkwood in AJP 79
31 (1963) 353-74, argues on the basis of passages
(1958) 74-9. 0. von Weber, Die Beziehungen
in nine poets that in spite of the hardships of
zwischen Homer und den alteren griechischen
life they believe "la vie terrestre est le grand
Lyrikern (Diss. Bonn 1955), examines the extent
bien." A. Forti Messina, "Demos in alcuni lirici,"
to which Archilochus, Tyrtaeus, Mimnermus,
Antidoron H. H. Paoli oblatum (Genoa 1956)
Solon, Alcman, Sappho and Alcaeus were in-
debted to Homer. He concludes by listing 28
227-41, concludes that although demos and polis
are used as virtual synonyms in Callinus, Tyr-
passages from these poets which he believes had
an Homeric source. This is a careful piece of
taeus, Solon, Alcaeus and Theognis WMmosem-
phasizes the human element in the state. M. H. da
work, although more parallels could probably be
Rocha Pereira, "Fragilidad y poder del hombre
found. In addition there is also the question of a
en la poesia griega arcaica," EClas 10 (1966)
common source for both epic and lyric. I have
not read H. Koller's Musik und Dichtung im alten
301-18, traces this theme from Homer to Pindar.
M. Treu, "Licht und Leuchtendes in der archai-
Griechenland (Bern 1963).
schen griechischen Poesie," StudGen 18 (1965)
Two collections of articles have recently been 83-97, examines words denoting light from
published: C. del Grande, Filologia minore. Studi di Homer to Pindar and shows that although
poesia e storia nella grecia ant ca da Omero a in Homer they qualify concrete objects in later
Bisanzio (Milan & Naples 1956), and A. Garzya,
Studi sulla lirica greca da Alemane al primo impero poets they tend more and more to qualify ab-
(Messina & Florence 1963). Both of these contain stract ideas such as glory, truth, justice etc. The
several articles dealing with the lyric poets, some
of which were previously unpublished, and they will
be discussed later under their appropriate headings.
The Italians have published at least seven antholo- Forthcoming Features
gies of Greek lyric with introductions, text and
notes. These are A. Colonna, L'antica lirica greca April
(Turin 1955), C. del Grande, Phorminx, Antologia
della lirica greca (Naples 1957), B. Marzullo, Fram- U. Schoenheim, Textbooks in Greek and
menti della lirica greca (Florence 1965), G. Monaco, Latin, 1968 List
Charites. Antologia di lirici greci (Florence 19593),
G. Perrotta and B. Gentili, Polinnia. Antologia della M. E. Norton, Classics in Translation
lirica greca (Messina & Florence, rev. ed.' 1965), D. D. Gerber, Greek Lyric Poetry, 1952- , II
Pieraccioni, Antologia della lirica greca (Florence
19572) and F. M. Pontani, Pleiadi. Frammenti di (No. 47 in the CW Survey Series)
lirica greca (Rome 1952). Nothing comparable to May .
these has been published in any other language. I
should also mention a new journal, Quaderni Ur- To Be Announced
binati di cultura classica, no. 2 of which is devoted Index to Volume LXI
solely to the lyric poets. The articles contained
therein will be discussed later.
In each i&sue: other articles and notes,
Reviews, Books Received, Notes and Neuws.
In writing advertisers, please mention CW.

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268 THE CLASSICAL WORLD MARCH 1968

longest treatment is of the cosmogony in Aleman. I append without comments some metrical studies
N. E. Collinge in a summary of a paper, "Dialect which involve more than one poet: J. Irigoin, Re-
cherches sur les m?tres de la lyrique chorale grec-
and Poetry: A Problem in Greek Lyric," PCA que. La Structure du vers (Paris 1953), "La struc-
54 (1957) 27-28, discusses the various explana- ture des vers eoliens," AC 25 (1956) 5-19, and
tions offered of "non-native" and "mixed dialect "Colon, vers et strophe dans la lyrique monodique
forms" in Greek lyric. grecque," RPh ser. 3, 31 (1957) 234-38; A. M. Dale,
"Stichos and Stanza," CQ NS 13 (1963) 46-50, and
A. D. Skiadas, "Glykys biotos - Meilichos ai6n," "Observations on Dactylic," WS 77 (1964) 15-36; and
Charis K. I. Vourverei (Athens 1964) 25-73, ex- "Inediti di Eugenio Grassi," A&R NS 6 (1961) 152-
amines passages primarily in Archilochus, Alcman, 65. - I have not seen H. Diller, "M6glichkeiten
Mimnermus, Solon and Sappho which illustrate what subjektiver Aussage in der frtlhen griechischen
to these poets is most desirable in life and what Lyrik," EEAth 13 (1962-63) 558-66, or S. Szddeczky-
they feel makes a man eudaim6n. S. Accame, Kardoss, "Begriff der altgriechischen Lyrik, ihr Ur-
"L'ispirazione della Musa e gli albori della critica sprung und ihre Gattung," Antike Dichtung (Bernau
storica nell' et& arcaica," RFIC 92 (1964) 129-56 1962) 91-117.
and 257-87, discusses the role of the Muses and the
poet's belief that what he composes under their in- 2. Elegy
spiration is "true." M. Treu, "Von der Weisheit der The only book solely devoted to the elegiac
Dichter," Gymnasium 72 (1965) 433-49, comments
on the concept of sophia held by the lyric poets. poets that has been published recently is J.
C. M. Dawson, "Spoudaiogeloion: Random Thoughts Defradas, Les 6l6giaques grecs (Paris 1962).
on Occasional Poems," YCS 19 (1966) 39-76, dis- He prints the major fragments of ten poets
cusses a large number of passages from several (nothing from Archilochus or Theognis) with a
lyric poets. In the first part of his paper he studies
the way in which a poet adapts to his own purpose commentary and a 22 page introduction. For the
a passage from an earlier poet (primarily Homer or most part it is adequate for students.
Hesiod) and in the second part he provides "some
comments on verbal structure" in various poems. Tyrtaeus. Many of the publications dealing
with the history and political institutions of
J. A. Davison, "Quotations and Allusions in
Early Greek Literature," Eranos 53 (1955) 125-40, Sparta contain comments on Tyrtaeus, but I
examines six propositions which have been stated shall restrict myself to works which pertain
by various scholars more or less categorically: "1) primarily to Tyrtaeus the poet. J. S. Lasso de la
That a terminus ante quem for one of the main Vega, "El guerrero tirteico," Emerita 30 (1962)
sources of our Odyssey can be obtained from certain 9-57, provides a lengthly analysis of Tyrtaeus'
allusions in Archilochus 2) That Archilochus quotes
the Margites 3) That Callinus ascribed the Thebais concept of arete, with considerable attention de-
to Homer 4) That Semonides of Amorgos quotes voted to fr. 9, which he considers genuine. He
Iliad Z 146, and 5) 'calls it the finest line in also discusses how his concept of arete differs
Homer's works' 6) That Stesichorus ascribed the from that in Homer and shows its influence on
Shield of Heracles to Hesiod." His remarks are a
salutary warning against uncritical acceptance of later writers. P. Mourlon Beernaert, "Tyrtee
"evidence." M. L. West, "Conjectures on 46 Greek devant la mort," LEC 29 (1961) 391-99, ex-
Poets," Philologus 110 (1966) 148-68, gives us a amines the passages in which the theme of death
vast number of brief notes on 46 poets, of which appears. Although death is often described as
the following pertain to our survey: Alcman 48,
Sappho 96.16, Alcaeus 129.6, Solon 1.14, Theognis "funeste et maudite," Tyrtaeus nevertheless
640, Stesichorus 46.4, Ibycus 1.25 and 5, Anacreon exhorts his listeners to face it with courage, and
38.2, 60 and 143, and Pindar, fr. 70b. 29. These the author studies these passages to see how
are mostly emendations and are often stated without Tyrtaeus can justify such exhortations. M. Gi-
argument. gante, "Tyrtaeus poeta non felix," RFIC NS 39
M. F. Galiano, "La lirica griega a la luz de los (1961) 234-38, argues that ho Pythios in the
descubrimientos papirologicos," Actas del Primer schol. to Dionysius Thrax, p. 166, 13-15 Hilgard,
Congreso Espanol de Estudios Clasicos (Madrid denotes Tyrtaeus.
1958) 59-180, gives an excellent survey of the L. Koenen, "Bemerkungen zum Tyrtaiosfragment
contributions made by papyri to our knowledge 1," RhM 96 (1953) 187-89, puts forward reasons
of the lyric poets from Archilochus to Pindar why fr. 1 should not be treated as a single fragment
and Bacchylides. The main points and difficulties and suggests some new readings. F. Rossi, "Studi
su Tirteo," AIV 112 (1953-54) 369-437, provides a
of each papyrus are treated and a most valuable lengthy defence of the unity of frr. 6 and 7. J. M.
bibliography (pp. 160-78) is given of works Borovskij, "Ad Tyrt. 7, 21-28 (D)," Eos 53 (1963)
published on these papyri. Smaller in compass, 31-34, discusses primarily v. 25. He rejects the views
but including archeological and epigraphical dis- that this denotes either special savagery or was
coveries, is the survey presented by A. Piatkow- done "ut mortuis genitalia praecisa ob turpem super-
stitionem in manus imponerent," and concurs with
ski, "Umbre si lumini in domeniul liricii vechi Nierhaus that at this date "inferiora ventris atque
grecesti (1945-1965)," StudClas 8 (1966) 247-59. inguina" were often struck because only the upper

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MARCH 1968 THE CLASSICAL WORLD 269

part of the body was protected. He also notes the Gedichten," Miscellanea di studi alessandrini in
similarity to 11. 22.71ff. and maintains that both memoria di A. Rostagni (Turin 1963) 647-59, deals
passages have the same significance, the contrast with frr. 1.18-24 and 65-66, 5, 12, 14, 22.1-2 and 24.3.
between the death of an old man and a youth. F. R. Solon's first elegy continues to present prob-
Goncalves, "Tirteu, Frag. 6-7 D., 27-28," Euphro- lems of unity and interpretation. The longest study,
syne 3 (1961) 193-197, argues that the subject of the K. Buchner's "Solons Musengedicht," Hermes 87
verb in v. 28 is an unexpressed tis in view of Hesiod, (1959) 163-90, attempts to prove that the poem is
Theog. 1007-08. one "Gedankengang," but can be divided into three
J. A. S. Evans, "Tyrtaios, Frag. 8, 1-2," Glotta parts (1-32, 33-62 and 63-76). The poem is not
40 (1962) 182, suggests that the expression "Zeus addressed to himself, but is political in purpose.
does not yet hold his neck aslant" is not a sign of Several textual problems are also discussed. There
Zeus' displeasure, but means that "Zeus is not yet is a brief criticism of this article by C. del Grande,
frightened." C. Prato, "Tirteo 8, 15 sgg. D.," Quad. "Solone, elegia alle Muse," Vichiana 1 (1964) 428.
Urb. 2 (1966) 115-19, regards the reading argaleon The same author had earlier argued, "Solone,
in v. 17 as correct (meaning "odioso") and feels l'elegia alle Muse," Filologia minore (Milan 1956)
that vv. 17-20 explain not kaka, but the preceding 71-76, that the unmtyof the poem can be achieved by
conditional clause. C. del Grande, "Tirteo, elegia 9 understanding vv. 67-70 as "un' opposizione messa
Diehl," "Filologia minore (Milan 1956) 53-70, pre- sulla bocca di un interlocutore." G. MUller, "Der
sents convincing arguments for the poem's authen- homerische Ate-Begriff und Solons Musenelegie,"
ticity. J. Millan Gonzalez-Pardo, "Una reminiscencia Navicula Chiloniensis, Studia philologa F. Jacoby
de Tirteo en Vergilio," Emerita 27 (1959) 53-58, . . . oblata (Leiden 1956) 1-15, devotes half his
notes the similarity between fr. 9.31 and Vergil, Ecl. article to the concept of ate in Homer and half to
5.78 and Aen. 1.609. fr. 1. None of these, it seems to me, is as sound as
Lattimore's interpretation twenty years ago which
Solon. Three books have been published on pointed out that the poem is composed in a linear
Solon. (Purely historical studies are omitted.) manner, with corrections and changes made as the
By far the best is A. Masaracchio, Solone (Flor- poet moves along. I should also mention at this
ence 1958), at least as far as his treatment of stage the emendation till6sin suggested for v. 11
by J. H. Oliver in his review of Masaracchia's book
Solon's poetry is concerned. The book consists of in AJP 82 (1961) 92.
three parts: "La tradizione antica" (pp. 1-77), A translation and analysis of fr. 3 is given by
"La vita e l'opera politica" (pp. 79-195), and M. Halberstadt, "On Solon's 'Eunomia' (Frg. 3D),"
"L'opera poetica" (pp. 201-362). Each fragment CW 48 (1954-55) 192-203. R. M. Cook, "Solon, fr. 8
is examined separately and in detail. (His an- (Diehl), 11. 5-6," PCPhS 183 (1954-55) 3, suggests
rather half-heartedly that in v. 6 we should read
alysis of fr. 1 appeared earlier in Maia 8 (1956) chenos for chaunos, since he sees an antithesis be-
92-132.) This ranks as one of the most important tween the two lines: "individually the Athenians
studies of Solon's poetry. Much less closely con- are as clever as foxes, collectively they are fools."
nected with his poetry is the book by G. Ferrara, Page, however, sees no antithesis. A. D. Skiadas,
La politica di Solone (Naples 1964). See A. Mar- "Bemerkungen zu Solons Fr. 13D," Hermes 94
(1966) 373-76, argues that the couplet does not
tina's review article in Quad. Urb. 2 (1966) 131- mean "fortunate is the man who has dear children
35. The third book is L. Guidobaldi, Solone poeta etc.," but that philoi is predicative and means "who
(Florence 1956). This is small, superficial in its loves children" in a paederastic sense. With xenos
treatment, and can be safely ignored by any we must treat philoi as a zeugma and translate by
"respects." H. Steinhagen, "Solons Lebensalter-
serious student of Solon. Elegie (Fr. 19D). Eine Interpretation," StudGen
Only two articles that I have seen deal with 19 (1966) 599-606: this is a valuable analysis both
Solon's poetry as a whole. F. Will, "Solon's Con- of the "Formkunst" and the thought. The "klare
sciousness of Himself," TAPA 89 (1958) 301-11, ex- Struktur des Gedichts ist der kunstlerische Aus-
amines those passages where Solon shows a "self- druck fUr Solons Erkenntnis, dass das Leben des
awareness" and concludes that it is "distinctively Menschen eine bruchlose Einheit ist," and "Die
moral and radiates an appeal to moral self-con- Entwicklung des Lebens-das ist Solons Grundge-
sciousness in other men." V. D'Agostino, "Saggio danke-verlauft kata metron."
sui frammenti poetici di Solone," RSC 7 (1959) 134- V. Steffen, "De Solonis elegia gratulatoria ad
44, gives a general discussion of the ancient sources Mimnerum scripta." Quaestiones Lyricae 1 (Poznan
for Solon's fragments, modern studies of Solon, the 1955) 42-47, believes that fr. 22 was sent to Mim-
contents of his fragments, and some problems of nermus on his 60th birthday. He sees no justi-
interpretation in selected fragments. I have not fication in adding fr. 18 Bergk to this poem and
seen H. Hommel, "Solon, Staatsman und Dichter," rightly prefers the reading touto in v. 1. He also
Tiubing. Forsch. 15 (1964) 1-4. G. Morelli, "Il Solone believes that vv. 5-6 in Diehl should follow im-
di Basilio di Cesarea," RFIC 91 (1963) 182-96, mediately after v. 4 and continue the quotation
argues against those who maintain that Basil, who from Mimnermus. The textual difficulty at the be-
quotes from Solon twice, could have known Solon ginning of fr. 24. 16 is discussed by W. Jaeger,
only through Plutarch. Two articles on textual prob- "Adverbiale Verstarkung des praepositionalen Ele-
lems have been written by K. Ziegler. The first "Zu ments von Verbalkomposita in griechischen Dich-
den Gedichten Solons," Festschrift fur F. Zucker tern," RhM 100 (1957) 378-85. He prefers homou.
(Berlin 1954) 381-88, concerns frr. 3.1-2, 4.1-4, 7.1-2,
23.3 and 23.13. The second, "Neue Beitrage zu Solons Mimnermus. The only book to appear on

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270 THE CLASSICAL WORLD MARCH 1968

Mimnermus is by S. Szadeczky-Kardoss, Testi- Hermes 84 (1956) 162-82. He maintains that the

monia de Mimnermi vita et carminibus (Szeged megale gyne denotes the Lyde of Antimachus. Most
recently, A. P. Smotrytsch, "Zur Frage der liter-
1959). In 44 pages he arranges 100 testimonia in arischen Kritik im Prolog der Aitia des Kallima-
four chronological periods (some testimonia, chos," Miscellanea di studi alessandrini in memoria
however, are cited more than once), and includes di A. Rostagni (Turin 1963) 249-56, supports the
a few brief notes in Latin. The convenience and views of Puelma and Wimmel concerning this
value of such a compilation is obvious. Two new couplet and argues that the prologue of the Aetia
deals with the question of who was really Mim-
testimonia were added by the same author in nermus redivivus, Philetas or Antimachus.
"Nova testimonia de carminibus Mimnermi,"
AAntHung 10 (1962) 247, and in "Ein ausser A. Garzya, "Ricerche intorno a Mimnermo e
alla sua opera," AFLN 1 (1951) 7-27, reprinted
Acht gelassenes Mimnermos-Testimonium und under the title "Mimnermo" in his Studi sulla lirica
-Fragment," AAntHung 7 (1959) 297-300, he greca (Messina & Florence 1963) 47-74, argues that
argues that Philodemus, De pietate, p. 29 Gom- the Alexandrians divided Mimnermus' poetry into
perz, contains a citation from Mimnermus, panta three books, one containing the Nanno, one the
Smyrneis, and one the poems designated by the term
diaphonein. But the scansion, the lacuna in the kata lepton. He rearranges the fragments into what
text, and the verb diaphonein which is not attest- he thinks is their proper order and discusses the
ed until Plato, make his argument most im- contents of the different poems. He maintains that
probable. there is no contradiction in the optimism and pessi-
mism revealed in his works, but merely a realistic
The date of Mimnermus has been examined outlook on life. The same author in "Varia phil-
by A. Dihle, "Zur Datierung des Mimnermos," ologa," Emerita 21 (1953) 111-22, reprinted in his
Hermes ?0 (1962) 257-75. He believes that fr. Studi (pp. 171-73) under the title "Mimnermo e un
coro dell' Eracle Euripideo," notes a reminiscence
13 was written during the attack of Alyattes ca of Mimnermus in Eur. Her. 637-700.
600 when the poet was about 30 years old. Thus Several scholars contributed to the article "Mim-
he would have heard from eyewitnesses of the nermo" in Maia 17 (1965) 366-87. V. De Marco dis-
battle against Gyges ca 680 in which the hero cusses the Suda entry for Mimnermus, A. Garzya
took part. He thinks that Solon's reply (fr. 22) the Alexandrian ekdosis of Mimnermus, the con-
is hard to understand unless Mimnermus was tents of the books and the personality of the poet,
A. Colonna the distich in Callimachus' Aetia, F.
still alive and since the two were roughly con- Della Corte the notice by Prophyry and the scholium
temporary the reply must have been written on Callimachus, L. Alfonsi vv. 37 f. of the first
between 580 and 570. V. Steffen, "De Mimnermi Elegia in Maecenatem, and B. Gentili the themes,
Smyrneide," Quaestiones Liricae 1 (Poznan 1955) use of myth and structure of Mininermus' poetry.
5-21, argues that the Smyrneis was not written There are concluding remarks by Garzya, Della
Corte and Gentili on Mimnermus' iambics and Cic.
to encourage the people of Smyrna to fight more ad. Att. 1.16.5 ex Nanneianis illum. The last named
bravely against Alyattes, but was simply a de- was discussed earlier by R. Y. Hathorn, "Calvum ex
scription of heroic battles fought against Cyrus. Nanneianis: Ad Atticum 1.16, 5," CJ 50 (1954-55)
Mimnermus heard these tales from older people 33-34. He argues that Calvum is Licinius Calvus,
"the companion of Catullus," and Nanneiani is a
and since the fighting with Cyrus took place ca word formed to designate one of the "Nanno-poets,"
685 we can date the poet to 670-600. He also dis- i.e. one of the group of poets occupying themselves
cusses various textual problems in frr. 12-13, of with erotic elegy.
which I mention only the translation offered for The following deal with specific passages or frag-
fr. 13. 11: "cum afferebatur (sc. illud opus) ments. W. J. Verdenius, "Mirnnermus 1, 6," Mnemo-
radiis celeris solis." Although he rightly, I think, syne ser. 4, 6 (1953) 197, retains kalon and changes
retains the reading of Diehl, his translation is the accent on hom6s, translating "which makes even
surely wrong. a handsome man ugly." G. Broccia, "II voto di Mim-
nermo," Ricerche di filologia greco-latina (Rome
The badly damaged text of the prologue of 1959) 29-31, studies the poet's views on youth and
Callimachus' Aetia, especially vv. 11-12 and their old age as revealed in fr. 6. G. H. Huxley, "Mimner-
scholia, have been the subject of many studies. mus and Pylos," GRBS 2 (1959) 101-107, supplies
A. Colonna, "Mimnermo e Callimaco," Athenaeum Aipytion te at the beginning of fr. 12. The combina-
30 (1952) 191-95, makes the unlikely suggestion tion, however, of both Aipytion and Ne^leionmodify-
that the megald gyn6 spoken of by Callimachus is ing Pylon seems strange. D. L. Page, "Various Con-
an allusion to the Smyrneis named after the Amazon jectures," PCPhS 187 (1961) 68-69, emends men to
Smyrna. M. Puelmna,"Die Vorbilder der Elegiendich- ken, comparing Il. 13.127 and 77.398, in fr. 13.5. Fr.
tung in Alexandrien und Rom," MH 11 (1954) 101- 15 and the question of Mimnermus' iambics have
16, discusses in part the question of Mimnermus as been the subject of two articles by S. Szadeczky-
a "Vorbild" for elegiac poetry according to Calli- Kardoss, "Schrieb Mimnermos Iamben?" Miscellanea
machus and the Roman elegiac poets. A valuable critica 1 (Leipzig 1964) 268-80, and "Zwei Beitrage
study, especially for its bibliographical fullness, is zur Epigraphik und Literaturgeschichte," Akte des
A. Barigazzi, "Mimnnermo e Filita, Antimaco e IV. intern. Kongresses fur griech. und latein. Epigra-
Cherilo nel proemio degli Aitea di Callimaco," phik (Vienna 1964) 379-85. In the first, after discus-

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MARCH 1968 THE CLASSICAL WORLD 271

sing the evidence and noting that other elegiac poets "Le banquet de Xenophane," REG 75 (1962) 344-
wrote iambic poetry, he concludes that we are not 65, rejects the views of those who see only tradi-
justified in maintaining that the poet did not write tional themes in the poem and believes that we have
iambics. In the second he argues that there is here an important stage in the history of Greek
epigraphic evidence to prove that the Doric oiph(e)6 philosophy: "Xenophane a servi d' intermediaire
could have been used by an Ionic poet. entre la doctrine pythagoricienne et la doctrine des
Eleates, dont il peut Btre consid6r6 comme l'initia-
Xenophanes. The most important book to teur: ce texte nous donne, en matiere de theologie et
appear on Xenophanes is that by M. Untersteiner, de morale, des renseignements precis sur des points
oui Xenophane suivait les pythagoriciens et sur
Senofane, Testimonianze e frammenti (Florence d'autres oil il s'ecartait d'eux." M. Untersteiner,
1956). After a long introduction (280 pp.) he lists "Problemi senofanei," Antidoron H. H. Paoli oblatum
the testimonia with translation (95 pp.) and then (Genoa 1956) 325-33, discusses the textual problems
the fragments with translation and detailed com- in vv. 19-24 and in hyperiemenos (fr. 27) he sees
an etymological connection with Hyperion. W. J.
mentary. Of little value is the book by A. Farina, Verdenius, "Xenophanes frag. 1, 24," Mnemosyne
Senofane di Colofone. Ione di Chio (Naples 1961). ser. 4, 9 (1956) 136, doubts the correctness of
It contains a brief introduction, text, select testi- agath6n. The same author in "Xenophanes frag. 18"
monia, translation and notes. The sources are (i.e. 16D.), Mnemosyne ser. 4, 8 (1955) 221, rejects
merely cited and frequently no indication is the view held by some that these verses show the
poet felt men were not indebted to the gods for
given of any controversy or difficulty. The date success, but had to find it themselves. Verdenius'
of Xenophanes is the subject of a pamphlet (22 explanation is rejected by J. H. Loenen, "In De-
pp.) by H. Thesleff, On dating Xenophanes (Hel- fence of the Traditional Interpretation of Xeno-
sinki 1957). He assigns him to the years 540-440, phanes frag. 18," Mnemosyne ser. 4, 9 (1956) 135-36.
but this dating has gained little acceptance. A W. Potscher, "Zu Xenophanes, Frgm. 23" (i.e. fr.
more convincing solution to the problem has been 19D.), Emerita 32 (1964) 1-13, studies the relation-
offered by L. Woodbury, "Apollodorus, Xeno- ship between heis theos and theoi in this fragment.
phanes, and the Foundation of Massilia," Phoenix Fr. 30 forms the main subject of E. Heitsch, "Das
15 (1961) 134-55, who concludes that "Xeno- Wissen des Xenophanes," RhM 109 (1966) 193-235.
V. 3 of the same fragment is examined by W. J. Ver-
phanes will then have been born between 570 denius, "Xenophanes 34, 3," Mnemosyne ser. 4, 6
and 565 and might have survived to meet (1953) 197. He translates ta malista by "to put an
Simonides and Epicharmus in the Syracuse of extreme case" or "at best," but I fail to see why the
Hiero." - I list a few general studies of the poet. expression could not be taken with the verb. The
text and meaning of frr. 30 and 31 (especially dokos)
The longest is by P. Steinmetz, "Xenophanes- are discussed by A. Rivier, "Remarques sur les
studien," RhM 109 (1966) 13-73, who discusses fragments 34 et 35 de Xenophane," RPh 30 (1956)
Xenophanes under the following headings: "Zur 37-61.
Datierung" (born 580-77, died after 478), "An-
tike Xenophanesinterpretationen," "Ein Lehr- Elegiaci minores. Before passing to Theognis
gedicht des Xenophanes?" and "Die Einheit im I add a few articles devoted to certain less im-
Werk des Xenophanes." K. Ziegler, "Xenophanes portant writers of elegy. A Garzya is the author
von Kolophon, ein Revolutionar des Geistes," of three of these: "Dionisio Calco," RFIC NS 30
Gymnasium 72 (1965) 289-302, shows how his (1952) 193-207, "Eueno di Paro," GIF 6 (1953)
philosophy seemed radical to the aristocrats of 310-20, and "Osservazioni sulla lingua di Crizia,"
his day. He also includes a text of fr. 1 with Emerita 20 (1952) 402-12. All of these are re-
some textual comments. A. Lumpe, "Solons Ein- printed in his Studi sulla lirica greca (pp. 91-
fluss auf Xenophanes," RhM 98 (1965) 378, 102, 75-89 and 103-14). In the first he points out
maintains that Xenophanes was influenced by the lack of feeling and poverty of expression in
Solon and that this is shown especially in the Dionysius Chalcus. In the second he examines
similarity between Solon, fr. 3 and Xen. fr. 2 - the fragments of Euenus, the ancient evidence
A review of publications concerned with Xeno- which indicates that he was a sophist, orator,
phanes' philosophy has been made by C. Corbato, elegist, musician and perhaps an erotic poet, his
"Postilla senofanea, 1952-1962," RSF 18 (1963) date (born ca 495 and still alive in 399), and
229-47. maintains that there was only one poet of this
Several studies have been made of fr. 1. H. name. In the third he points out the fondness of
Herter, "Das Symposion des Xenophanes," WS 69 Critias for obscurities and rare words, and sees
(1956) 33-48, tries to define the literary form of the in him certain characteristics of the Alexandrian
poem and concludes: "Wir k6nnen also konstatieren, poets. Three textual problems in fr. 1 of Critias
dass wir hier jene dramatisch-mimetische Form min-
destens in statu nascendi vor uns haben, die sonst (vv. 4, 11 and 12) are studied by R. Cadiou,
aus hellenistisch-romischer Aera gelaufig ist." A "Critias elegiaque," BAGB ser. 4, 1 (1966) 121-
few textual problems are also discussed. J. Defradas, 23.

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272 THE CLASSICAL WORLD MARCH 1968

3. Theognis same order as in the version which has come down

to us, he claims this is evidence to refute Peretti's
A new Teubner text of Theognis by D. Young thesis that the sylloge is a Byzantine compilation.
has recently been published (Leipzig 1961). This Peretti, incensed by the tone of the article and par-
is beyond doubt the best and most useful edition ticularly by the "funebri parole" with which it con-
cludes, Habent sua fata libelli, has made a lengthy
of Theognis and its value is further enhanced reply, "A proposito del papiro di Teognide," Maia
by an admirable set of indexes at the end. The 19 (1967) 113-53, and maintains that "l'importanza
text is for the most part conservative with 27 del POxy. 2380 quale testimone dell' ordine vul-
conjectures of his own admitted. The indefatig- gato e stata esagerata: essa non aggiunge nulla di
able Italian scholar, A. Garzya, in his Teognide: nuovo a quello che gia ci attestavano alcuni autori,
i quali citano passi teognidei, sia pure in numero in-
elegie, libri I-lI (Florence 1958), has provided us feriore ai sei componimenti del nostro papiro, nell'
with a good introduction, full bibliography, a ordine vulgato del CTh." This is perhaps an appro-
most valuable list of testimonia with translation, priate place to mention three additional articles by
text, translation, and 153 pages of commentary, the same scholars. J. Carriere, "Nouvelles remarques
sur l'epoque et sur le texte de Theognis," REG 67
largely on linguistic matters. Most recently, B.A. (1954) 39-68, argues that, since the poems them-
van Groningen, Theognis: le premier livre (Am- selves are "un vrai palais d'illusions," the only
sterdam 1966), has published a text (very con- acceptable evidence for a biography of the poet
servative) and full commentary. The notes are must come "du dehors." An examination of this
excellent, although they suffer somewhat from evidence leads him to assign Theognis to the middle
of the 6th century. He then discusses the text and
van G.'s belief that matters of chronology, repeti- meaning of a large number of passages. I have not
tions, borrowings etc. can be divorced from a seen Carriere's "Theognis et le drame politique
commentary. The book concludes with five ap- grec," AFLT (Pallas) 1 (1953) 1-15 and 2 (1954)
pendixes: "Les citations de Stobee," "Le pro- 1-14. A. Peretti, "Calchi gnomici nelle silloge teogni-
dea," Maia 8 (1956) 197-217, studies the passages
bleme du sceau" [he believes it is the poet's cited by Plato and Aristotle and concludes that a
name], "L'elegie 261-266," "Les dieux et la re- terminus post quem for the origin of our sylloge is
ligion," and "Melanchthon et Theognis." the time of Theophrastus.
Moving now into the camp of the unitarians
Theognis is also the subject of two other
we find that the chief exponents of the unity
books: A. Peretti, Teognide nella tradizione gno-
and authenticity of Theognis' poetry are M. H.
mologica (Pisa 1953), and F. S. Hasler, Unter-
A. L. H. Van der Valk, "Theognis," Humanitas
suchungen zu Theognis (Zur Gruppenbildung im
NS 4-5 (1955-56) 68-140, and D. Young, "Bor-
1. Theognisbuch) (Winterthur 1959). Peretti,
rowings and Self-adaptations in Theognis with
arguing that after the Hellenistic period there is
reference to the constitution of the extant sylloge
no trace of a direct tradition of Theognis, be-
and the Suda notice of the poet's works," Mis-
lieves that his poetry was transmitted only as
cellanea critica 1 (Leipzig 1964) 307-90. Van der
part of a vast gnomological tradition, hence the
Valk's article, written in English, suggests that
appearance of distichs which belong to other
Theognis frequently quotes other authors only to
poets. The poems were collected in their present
follow immediately with a variation on the same
form by some anthologist in the 6th or 9th cen-
theme. Young gives a valuable analysis of all the
tury. Peretti's main thesis, in spite of much
learning and ingenuity, has not found general passages in Theognis which occur in other poets
or which are repeated in his own sylloge and the
acceptance (but is any ever likely to?). Hasler
reasons for the slight changes often made by
gives a careful analysis of vv. 1-254 which he the poet, as well as his views on the relation of
calls a "Kyrnos-Buch" and whose unity he our sylloge to the four titles of Theognis' works
strongly defends. In a final chapter he ex-
recorded by the Suda. Young's thesis may be
amines the structure of the rest of Book 1 and
conveniently represented by a quotation from his
argues for the following "Einheiten": vv. 255- opening statement: "What we have is in fact the
756, 757-1048, and 1049-1220.
remains of the versification of a single poet,
A running feud has been carried on between who issued different versions of some of his
Carriere and Peretti. The former, although natur- poems during the couirse of his life, as so many
ally disagreeing with Peretti, is reasonably mild in poets, including myself, have done, and who
his review article, "Un nouvel ouvrage sur The-
ognis," REG 68 (1955) 299-306. This is especially occasionally adapted, or parodied, or quoted a
useful for the exposition of the different views held few lines from his poetical predecessors, as poets
on the origin of the sylloge. His criticism becomes of all ages and languages frequently have
more caustic, however, in his "A propos d'un grand thought proper to do." This long article is un-
livre et d'un petit papyrus," REG 75 (1962) 37-44.
Noting that P. Oxy. 2380, dated to the 2nd or 3rd encumbered by the presence of a single footnote.
cent. A.D., contains part lines of vv. 254-78 in the Some of the same ground, but in much less detail,

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 MARCH 1968 THE CLASSICAL WORLD 273

is covered by E. L. Highbarger, "Suidas' Account Theognis. For Kranz (pp. 23-25) the seal is the
of Theognis," Studies presented to D. M. Robin- name Theognis. R. Merkelbach, "Theognis 127,"
son 2 (St. Louis 1953) 635-46. He too believes Philologus 100 (1956) 133-34, comparing Tyrtae-
in the unity and authenticity of Theognis' poems. us, fr. 6.9, reads eidos for hosper. F. R. Adrados,
"El poema del pulpo y los origenes de la colec-
Most aspects of the Theognidean problem are
treated by F. R. Adrados, "Introduccion a Teognis," ci6n teognidea," Emerita 26 (1958) 1-10, ex-
EClds 3 (1955-56) 169-91 and 261-86, as the follow- amines vv. 213-18 and the variations on this
ing chapter headings indicate: "Analisis de la colec- passage in vv. 1071-74, Plutarch, Athenaeus and
ci6n teognidea," "Contenido de la colecci6n, "Orden Pindar, fr. 43. He believes that there were two
de las elegias en la colecci6n: teorias sobre
su origen," "Conclusiones sobre el origen de la versions of the poem in existence by the time of
colecci6n teognidea," "Teognis: patria, fecha, car- Theophrastus and he tries to show which was
acter de su poesia." W. J. Verdenius, "L'association the original. L. R. Riforgiato, "Theognis' Epi-
des idees comme principe de composition dans logue," CB 37 (1961) 76-77, sees a "second, deep-
Homere, Hesiode, Th6ognis," REG 73 (1960) 345- er level of meaning" in vv. 237-54. "The figure
61, after discussing the connection between a number
of poems, holds that "l'association des idees" shows of Cyrnus here is . . . symbolic of his poetry. In
that the first 200 verses correspond almost to the this sense, it is not Cyrnus but his poetry to
original work of Theognis and adds that the rest con- which the poet has given lasting fame." But in
tains parts more coherent than is ordinarly admitted. the last two verses Theognis suddenly loses hope
A large number of specific passages are examined
by A. Garzya in two articles, "Note a Teognide," and "angrily chides his poetry for deceiving
Emerita 25 (1957) 198-219, and "Euripide e Teog- him." He is afraid his poetry will not last for-
nide," RFIC NS 36 (1958) 225-39. In the first he ever. Not many will be convinced by this.
writes notes on 22 passages and in the second he
lists at least 25 passages which he thinks have Several articles have been written on vv. 257-66
sicura eco" in Euripides. or 261-66. To do justice to their interpretations
would require too much space, hence I merely list
I record without comment some studies pri- them, referring the reader to the convenient sum-
marily of Theognis' manuscripts: A Garzya, "De maries of most of them given by van Groningen in
Theognidis manuscripto Bruxellis in bibliotheca regia appendix III of his recent
adservato," RFIC NS 31 (1953) 143-50; D. C. C. lows: A. Garzya, "Theognis, book. They are as fol-
261-266," RFIC NS 34
Young, "A Codicological Inventory of Theognis' (1956) 164-72; A. Luppino, "Teognide vv. 261-266,"
Manuscripts," Scriptorium 7 (1953) 3-36, and "On RFIC NS 35 (1957) 234-38; J. A. Davison,
Planudes' Edition of Theognis and a neglected Apo- 257-66," CR NS 9 (1959) 1-5; Q. "Theognis
graph of the Anthologia Planudea," PP 10 (1955) Cataudella, "ou
moi pinetai oinos . . . (Theogn., ," RCOM
197-214; D. Kaufmann-Buehler, "Eine Vorlesung Ph. 2 (1960) 7-20; K. J. McKay, "The261-266) Griphos: a Vin-
Melanchthons ilber das Theogniscorpus. Ein Beitrag dication," CQ NS 11 (1961) 6-8; and L. G. Pocock,
zur Geschichte der Philologie des Humanismus," "Theognis, 257-66," PACA 4 (1961) 20-21. R. Rene-
Philologus 100 (1956) 113-31. han, "An Unnoticed Proverb in Theognis," CR NS
K. Merentitis, "Kritike kai herm6neutikd diasa- 13 (1963) 131-32, suggests that v. 313 along with
phesis tou hyp' arith. 6 stichou t6n elegei6n tou Carm. Conv. 19.2 "are variants of what must have
Theognidos," Platon 5 (1953) 242-54, defends the been a well-known proverb."
readings phoinikos and rhadin6is in v. 6. R. M. Ro-
sado Fernandes, "Comentario a Um Passo de Teog- R. D. Murray, Jr., "Theognis 341-50," TAPA 96
nis," Euphrosyne 3 (1961) 81-90, rightly rejects the (1965) 277-81, explains the ku6n "as a hound of
view held by some that vv. 15-18 must be later than Hades" and "the icy river as the Styx," and emends
Theognis because in his time the Graces danced, aposeisamenos to apoteisomenos "in order to
not sang, and were not combined with the Muses. avenge." Since Theognis' prayer to Zeus has been
unanswered, he has become "symbolically dead" and
The controversy over the nature of Theognis' he prays that an avenging fury (daimon, "conceiv-
"seal" rages unabated. S. Caramella, "II sigillo ably . . . his own shade") may rise and grant his
prayer for vengeance. I suspect the explanation is
di Teognide," Orpheus 6 (1959) 139-147, argues simpler, even if we do not know what it is. The
on the basis of passages in Plato that the seal same passage is also examined by F. R. Adrados,
is the ethical nature of the poems addressed to "El tema del torrente en la literatura griega arcaica
Cyrnus. G. Nenci, "Il sigillo di Teognide," RFIC y cldsica," Emerita 33 (1965) 7-14. He thinks we
have a contamination of two of Aesops' fables, the
91 (1063) 30-37, finds the seal in the words one (183 H.) of the river, identified with the plebs,
sophizomen6i emoi, a dative of agent, "dal mio which carries off everything, the other (136 H.) of
parlare di saggezza." For Theognis the real seal, the dog whose meat was carried off by a river.
and the only one which no one can remove, is C. M. Bowra, "Two Poems of Theognis (805-810
the contents of his verses and their perfection. A and 543-546) ," Philologus 103 (1959) 157-66, disa-
few pages of a long article by W. Kranz, grees with those who postulate a lacuna of two
"Sphragis. Ichform und Namensiegel als Ein- verses after 544, and prefers the reading mantesin
in 545, placing a comma after it and taking it with
gangs- und Schlussmotiv antiker Dichtung," 544, and considering the other two
RhM 104 (1961) 3-46 and 97-124, are devoted to position with mantesin. He believesdatives as in ap-
that Theognis

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274 THE CLASSICAL WORLD MARCH 1968

must decide on the respective merits of two differ- upon conjecture, especially in the epodes where
ent kinds of seers. The difficulties of this interpre- only one fragment is not assigned to a specific
tation are well pointed out by van Groningen. In
805-10 Bowra states Theognis is emphasizing that epode. Often on the most tenuous evidence frag-
intellectual integrity is required of anyone who con- ments are grouped together or generalizations
sults the Delphic Oracle on behalf of his city and formed. No one, however, will deny that much
that if such a person adds to or substracts from the learning and ingenuity are displayed and the
oracle he is sinning in the eyes of the gods. Bowra
further believes the passage indicates that Theognis book can not be ignored, but it must be used
himself must have held the office of theoros for with extreme caution. It does have the advan-
Megara. tage of providing full testimonia and glosses, and
B. A. van Groningen, "Theognis 769-772," for the sake of convenience I shall use their num-
Mnemosyne ser. 4, 10 (1957) 103-09, argues that ei bering of the new fragments, since they are not
in 769 must be causal and that 771 refers to three included in Diehl or assigned a number by Treu.
poetic genres, didactic, encomiastic or satiric, and I might also mention here the review article by
narrative. G. Morelli, "Una nuova edizione di Archiloco,"
Q. Cataudella, "Theognidea, 903-930," RhM 99 Maia 12 (1,60) 130-53.
(1956) 40-46, on the basis of prosody, style, thought,
and the resemblance to 699-718 and especially 467-95, Vol. 10 of the "Entretiens sur l'antiquite
feels that in all probability these verses belong to classique," Archiloque (Geneva 1964), is devoted
Euenus. B. Luiselli, "Ad Theogn., v. 1202," RCCM 1 exclusively to Archilochus. It is impossible in
(1959) 394-98, emends alles to allois, retaining the
reading of the MSS. for the rest of the verse, and this survey to do more than list the various au-
states that the meaning is "navigationis ab aliis thors and titles: J. Pouilloux, "Archiloque et
desideratae," the voyage here denoting exile. K. J. Thasos: histoire et poesie;" N. M. Kontoleon,
McKay, "Studies in Aithon II: Theognis 1209-1216," "Archilochos und Paros;" A. Scherer, "Die
Mnemosyne ser. 4, 14 (1961) 16-22, interprets the
first word as a griphos for a lion "in whom meet Sprache des Archilochos;" D. Page, "Archi-
the associations of colour and temperament which lochus and the Oral Tradition;" K. J. Dover,
may be expressed by aithon." This lion "has been "The Poetry of Archilochos;" W. Biuhler, "Archi-
erected over a tomb, and takes umbrage at the as- lochos und Kallimachos;" and E. Wistrand,
persions cast on his lowly origin by an overweening "Archilochus and Horace."
silver cup." This is surely too subtle.
A study of the language of Archilochus under
4. Iambic three headings has been made by E. Merone, Agget-
Archilochus. Several books have been pub- tivazione, sintassi e figure di stile in Archiloco
lished on Archilochus since 1952, the most im- (Naples 1960). His comments are generally sound,
but the book's usefulness is much reduced by the
portant of which is in my opinion M. Treu, lack of an index of passages cited. I have not seen
Archilochos (Munich 1959). He provides a text, V. Marino, Archilocheia. L'itifallico in Archiloco
with the new discoveries placed at the beginning, (Rome 1957). Archilochus and Hipponax are both
"Indirekt Uberliefertes," "Historisch-biograph- included by J. Medina Vidal in his La poesia ydm-
ische Zeugnisse" (all with translations), excellent bica griega: Arquiloco e Hiponax (Montevideo 1956).
After a 50 page introduction dealing with the
bibliography, an essay on the poetry of Archi- nature and origin of iambic poetry, metre, and a
lochus, and 78 pages of notes. Although the na- general account of the life and poetry of both poets,
ture of the Tusculum series precludes an elab- he presents the major fragments with a facing
orate commentary, Treu's notes are judicious, translation and very elementary notes. A great many
pithy and crammed with vital information. F. problems are ignored, so many that the book would
not seem adequate for any purpose.
Lasserre and A. Bonnard have collaborated to
produce the Bude edition, Archiloque, Fragments The past few years have seen the discovery
(Paris 1958). The lengthy introduction (99 of material, both epigraphical and papyrological,
pages) has been divided between the two authors, pertaining to Archilochus. The most important
Bonnard doing the chapters entitled "Vie et of the first class is an inscription (cf. Treu, pp.
chronologie d'Archiloque" and "Poesie d'Archi- 40 ff.) found on two marble slabs at Paros and
loque" (56 pages) and Lasserre the remainder, dated to the middle of the third century B.C.
"Le dialecte des poemes," "La metrique d'Archi- This lengthy inscription, parts of which have
loque," "Le texte d'Archiloque" and "Plan et been lost, contains three prose responses of the
methode de la presente 6dition." Lasserre pro- Delphic oracle to a certain Mnesiepes, who is
vides the text and Bonnard the translation inter- erecting a sanctuary and instituting a cult of
spersed with snatches of commentary which are Archilochus, which authorize him to set up an
more interpretative than linguistic. The main Archilocheion, an account of the poet's life tell-
criticism which has been voiced and one with ing how while a boy he met the Muses who gave
which I concur is that we have conjecture piled him a lyre in exchange for his cow, a verse

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 MARCH 1968 THE CLASSICAL WORLD 275

oracle informing Telesicles that his son would be the suicide of the daughter(s) of Lycambes, con-
famous, another verse oracle apparently instruct- cluding that the iambics are an "imaginary epitaph"
and that the date of the author is probably close
ing the Parians to honour Archilochus in order to that of the writing. H. Lloyd-Jones, "Lithos
to appease Dionysus, and some part lines of polit6s," CR NS 15 (1965) 246-47, writes a brief note
Archilochus' poetry which speak of fighting on v. 5 of col. 1. He suggests that lithos polit6s
against the Naxians. The editio princeps was means "Parian marble" and feels that such an
allusive expression supports Bond's dating.
published by N. M. Kontoleon, "Neai epigraphai
peri tou Archilochou ek Parou," AE 91 (1952) A large number of fragments have been
32-95. This is an excellent and detailed study of edited by Lobel in the Oxyrhynchus Papyri series
the many problems of text and interpretation. and these will now be examined. For the sake
Further studies of this inscription were made by of convenience I shall include the numbering as-
W. Peek, "Neues von Archilochos," Philologus signed by Lasserre-Bonnard (L-B). Fragments
99 (1955) 4-50, N. M. Kontoleon, "Zu den neuen not so designated are numbered according to
Archilochosinschrif ten," Philologus 100 (1956) Diehl. The following are articles which deal with
29-39, primarily on Peek's article, and G. Tar- these discoveries, but are impossible to sum-
diti, "La nuova epigrafe archilochea a la tra- marize since they involve many fragments and
dizione biografica del poeta," PP 11 (1956) 122- are chiefly concerned with readings. Two of the
39. most important are by W. Peek and have the
The following articles treat certain more specific same title, the second concentrating on the
aspects of the inscription. H. W. Parke, "The Newly trochaic fragments, "Die Archilochos-Gedichte
Discovered Delphic Responses from Paros," CQ NS von Oxyrhynchos," Philologus 99 (1955) 193-219
8 (1958) 90-94, has some noteworthy comments and 100 (1956) 1-28. The remainder are F. R.
on the oracles and the interest of Delphi in Archi- Adrados, "Sobre algunos papiros de Arquiloco,"
lochus. A. Kambylis, "Zur 'Dichterweihe' des Archi-
lochos," Hermes 91 (1963) 129-50, gives a thorough PP 11 (1956) 28-48, and "La poesia de Arquiloco
discussion of Archilochus' encounter with the Muses. e Hiponacte a la luz de los ultimos descubri-
M. L. West, "The Muses Buy a Cow," CR NS 14 mientos papirol6gicos y epigraficos," Actas del
(1964) 141-42, remarks: "The problem is, why should primer congreso espaiiol de estudios cldsicos
Archilochus, meeting women on the road in the
early morning, suppose them to be going home from (Madrid 1958) 184-90 (mostly on Archilochus),
work? He did not. He supposed them to be country and A. Giannini, "Archiloco alla luce dei nuovi
women going to market from the fields where they ritrovamenti," Acme 11 (1958) 41-96. This is
lived and worked." G. A. Privitera, "Archiloco e le largely a work of phantasy, since nearly all the
divinita dell' Archilocheion," RFIC 94 (1966) 5-25, "Versreste," regardless of their length, are "re-
discusses the deities named in the first two prose
oracles with regard to their occurrence elsewhere stored." G. C. Motta, "Osservazioni sul lessico di
in Archilochus and their cults, especially in Paros. Archiloco alla luce delle nuove scoperte papiracee
e di alcune glosse," RIL 96 (1962) 550-64, studies
A brief account of the inscriptions found in Paros
and Thasos is given by E. Vanderpool, "New In- a large number of words in the new fragments
scriptions Concerning Archilochus," AJP 76 (1955) which differ from Homeric usage or form, appear
186-88. first in Archilochus, or are hapax legomena. He
The short Thasos inscription in boustrophedon, concludes with 'alcune interpretazioni di glosse
"I am the mn6na of Glaucos, son of Leptines; the archilochee."
sons of Brentes erected me" (Treu, p. 116), was first
published by J. Pouilloux, "Glaucos, fils de Leptine, Several articles have been devoted to the long
parien," BCH 79 (1955) 75-86. He assigns it to the fragment 1 of P.Oxy. 2310 (35 L-B). F. Lasserre,
second half of the 7th century B.C. on the basis of "Un nouveau poeme d'Archiloque," MH 13 (1956)
the alphabet, form of the letters, and the proso- 226-35, gives a translation, some new readings, and
pography, and discusses the evidence for Glaucus a general discussion. He argues that the fragment
in the poems of Archilochus and the name Brentes. is a single unit and is the end of a poem. It proves
He concludes by saying that the inscription "con- that Archilochus returned to Paros after fighting in
firme l'importance de Glaucos, fils de Leptine, dans Thasos and that he spent some time in sea trading.
l'expedition parienne a laquelle prit part Archiloque. Lasserre suggests that the woman addressed at the
A travers les ages on a continue a celebrer un culte beginning is Neoboule and that the poem was com-
autour de ce monument, culte funeraire et h6roique posed at the time when their engagement was
apparemment, meme s'il ne s'agissait que d'un broken. G. Schiassi, "De novo Archilocho (Oxy.
cenotaphe." Pap. 2310, 1)," RFIC NS 35 (1957) 151-66, also
provides a translation, some textual notes, and a
A badly mutilated papyrus fragment in two general interpretation. For him too the fragment is
columns and dated to the 3rd century B.C. was first a unit. He believes that Archilochus, a close friend
published by G. W. Bond, "Archilochus and the Ly- of Myrmex, is assuring him on his return home
cambides: A New Literary Fragment," Hermathena that his wife has remained true. When earlier
80 (1952) 3-11 (Treu, p. 130). Bond provides a com- Myrmex' wife had revealed to Archilochus her
mentary and a discussion of the legend concerning anxiety about evil gossip, he urged her to be of good

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276 THE CLASSICAL WORLD MARCH 1968

cheer, and this earlier speech which took place zu Archilochos," Hermes 92 (1964) 385-90, notes
before Myrmex' return is here reported in direct how well the account given in Od. 14. 199 ff.
speech. illustrates the life of Archilochus.
H. J. Mette, "Zu Archilochos Pap. Ox. 2310 fr.
1 col. 1," Hermes 88 (1960) 493-94, argues that a V. Steffen, "De Archiloco quasi naturali
new poem begins at v. 22 (i.e. v. 18 L-B). W. Steffen, Hesiodi aemulatore," Eos 46 (1952-53) 33-48,
"Die neuen Iambengedichte des Archilochos (Zum feels that their mutual dislike of the nobility
Papyrus von Oxyrhynchos 2310, Fr. 1, Kol. 1)," caused Archilochus to admire Hesiod, although
Proceedings of the IX International Congress of
Papyrology (Oslo 1961) 18-29, maintains that the only a careful examination can show any Hesiod-
fragment (35-36 L-B) contains three separate poems. ic influence. S. Gerevini, "L'Archiloco perduto e
He removes the question of the woman's identity la tradizione critico-letteraria," PP 9 (1954) 256-
at the beginning by reading phynai in place of gynal. 64: the testimonia of the ancient literary tradi-
The number of separate poems is increased to tion suggest that Archilochus also wrote poems
four by D. Giordano, "P. Oxy. 2310," Aegyptus 37 on mythological and heroic themes.
(1957) 209-18, who makes the unlikely suggestion
that because of language, style and metre they are G. C. Motta, "Noterella sullo stile e la sintassi
Alexandrian, perhaps the work of Phoenix of Colo- di Archiloco," RIL 97 (1963) 441-50, points out
phon. The article, however, is valuable for the full how Archilochus' style is in part Homeric, in part a
account given of the contributions made by others forerunner of 5th century poetry, and in part ex-
to the text. Non-Archilochian authorship is also clusively his own. F. Will, "Archilochus and His
proposed by A. Colonna, "Adnotationes ad Papyrum Senses," CJ 57 (1961-62) 289-96, has some comments
Oxy. 2310, 1," BPEC 7 (1959) 51-53. D. L. Page, on how the poet uses metre and language to reveal
"Various Conjectures," PCPhS 187 (1961) 68-69, his feelings. I have not seen G. Broccia, "Postilla
claims that the gynai at the beginning cannot be archilochea ovvero intorno alla metodologia dello
identified and refers instead to a man in the sense studio dei 'frammenti,'" Annali del Liceo classico
of "unmanly creature." F. Lasserre, "Les premiers 'Dettori' di Cagliari 1 (1962-63) 1-7. C. Calame, "Un
poemes d' Archiloque," RPh 31 (1957) 52-62, who nouveau fragment d'Archiloque ?" Quad. Urb. 2
is primarily concerned with an attempt to date (1966) 120: a passage in the Et. Genuinum which
various poems of Archilochus, assigns this fragment mentions the poet is corrupt and is not in fact a
to 674 when the poet was about 30 years old. His new fragment of Archilochus. S. N. Koumanoudis,
arguments are not very convincing. "Archilochou gl6ssarion," Platon 11 (1959) 295-309,
M. G. Dervisopoulos, "Symbole sta vea heuremata provides a list of all the words which are found
tou Archilochou," Hellenika 14 (1955) 451-52, be- in Archilochus according to the Budd edition. G.
lieves that fr. 131 L-B and P. Oxy. 2314, col. 1. 9-12 Tarditi, "Motivi epici nei tetrametri di Archiloco,"
(omitted by L-B as probably not Archilochus), are PP 13 (1958) 26-46, discusses the general char-
the same. D. L. Page, "P. Oxy. 2331 and Others," acteristics of Archilochus' tetrameters, especially fr.
CR NS 7 (1957) 189-92, suggests theoi[s' hapsei 51 and those recently discovered. He suggests that
machen as a supplement for the end of fr. 54 L-B. they were dedicated to comrades-in-arms and are
H. J. Mette, "Echte Sebstanrede bei Archilochos? more epic in nature because they describe the hard-
Zu Pap. Ox. 2316," MH 18 (1961) 35-36, argues ships of fighting against the Thracians. V. Steffen,
that in the last verse of fr. 170 L-B the fox is "Ad Archilochi fragmenta tetrametra observationes
addressing himself. criticae," Eos 47 (1954) 51-62, devotes himself pri-
marily to textual problems in fr. 51, especially vv.
Now some articles of a more general nature 46-49 and 55-57. He also discusses fr. 56 and frr. 67
on Archilochus A. Bonnard, "Leben und zeitliche and 58, the last two of which he believes, following
Klinger, should be joined together in that order as
Einordnung des Archilochos von Paros," Das one poem.
Altertum 3 (1957) 3-18: this is essentially a por-
Several fragments are examined in the following
tion of his introduction to the Bude edition which articles: A. Della Casa, "Vindiciae Archilochiae,"
appeared the following year. He dates Archiloch- Lanx satura N. Terzaghi oblata (Genoa 1963) 105-
us entirely within the 7th century. G. Tarditi, 12 (frr. 1, 25, 51, 56, 71 and 107) and J. C. Kamer-
"In margine alla cronologia di Archiloco," RFIC beek, "Archilochea," Mnemosyne ser. 4, 14 (1961)
1-15 (frr. 7 and 10, possibly from the same poem,
NS 37 (1959) 113-18, studies the evidence pro- 64. 1-2, 65, 67a. 1-3, 74. 4, 115, 170. 7 L-B and 35.
vided by frr. 19 and 22. In the first he argues 3-17 L-B, the gynai at the beginning is perhaps a
that, since ta Magnet6n kaka refers to the de- "femme-tyran," another Artemisia). M. Gigante,
struction of Magnesia by the Cimmerians (Treri- "Interpretazioni archilochee," Atti dell' Accademia
ans), the verse points to the imminent danger Pontaniana NS 7 (1958) 45-55: in fr. 2 the third en
is added as an "artificio stilistico" with no "funzione
of Thasos being overrun by the Thracians and is grammaticale," so that the phrase is equal to aspisi
proof that by about 650 Thasos had not yet been keklimenoi in Homer. The meaning of various words
completely conquered. In the second he argues in fr. 5A is studied and Monaco's interpretations are
that theon erga denotes some remarkable victory rejected. In fr. 22 "tutti i termini dei quattro versi"
must refer to Gyges. S. Luria, "Zu Archilochos,"
by Gyges and that the only victory which could Philologus 105 (1961) 178-97, tries to find a middle
be described in these terms was over the Cim- path between the various extremes with regard to
merians about 660. K. Latte, "Zeitgeschichtliches Archilochus' relationship with Lycambes and Neo-

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MARCH 1968 THE CLASSICAL WORLD 277

boule and his exploits as a soldier. He also examines 2D.," CP 57 (1962) 239-40, adduces a comic frag-
fr. 67b and the fable of the fox and the ape. ment (adesp. 451 K.) containing the phrase en
F. R. Adrados, "Nouveaux fragments et inter- aspidi in support of the meaning "in war" or
pretations d'Archiloque," RPh 30 (1956) 28-36: fr.
179 L-B is definitely genuine, but belongs to epode 1 "under arms." B. Gentili, "Interpretazione di Ar-
L-B, not epode 2. He reconstructs an iambic tri- chiloco Fr. 2D. -7 L.-B.," RFIC 93 (1965) 129-
meter out of frr. 172 and 211 L-B and assigns it to 34, rejects all previous interpretations and argues
epode 1, and another out of frr. 240-242 and 248 that if we connect this fragment with fr. 5A
L-B. In fr. 201 L-B he reads Pholou and assigns it dori can mean the wood of a ship. The objection
to epode 13, the encounter between Heracles and
Nessus. R. W. Carubba, "The Metrical Order of the that dory by itself does not mean "ship" until
Archilochian Epodes," Emerita 33 (1965) 61-70, re- Bacchylides is overcome by the presence of neos
jects Lasserre's view that the order in which the in fr. 5A. 6 which is close enough to make the
epodes appeared in the ancient editions can be as- meaning of dori clear. He adds that en is always
certained from the order in which the ancient metri-
cians quoted the metres used by Archilochus. He locatival in Archilochus. Finally, M. Theunissen,
then examines the way in which these metres are "A propos des fragments 2 et 6 (Diehl) d'Archi-
quoted in order to show that they have no bearing loque," AC 22 (1953) 406-11, somewhat im-
on the order in which the epodes may have ap- probably maintains that frr. 2 and 6 belong to the
peared.
same poem and that the poet is stating his pre-
F. R. Adrados, "Nueva reconstrucci6n de los
Epodos de Arquiloco," Emerita 23 (1955) 1-78: this ference for the spear over the shield, i.e. that
is a carefully reasoned attempt to distinguish be- the good soldier does not worry about the loss of
tween what is probable, possible or impossible in a defensive shield, but he never abandons his
Lasserre's reconstruction of the epodes. G. Perrotta, spear. The shield appears merely to provide a
"Alemanio e Reiziano in Archiloco," Maia 7 (1955) contrast to the spear.
14-19, believes there is no reason to reject the state-
ment of Varro that Archilochus used both the Alc- D. L. Page, "Various Conjectures," PCPhS 187
manic catalectic and the Reizianum, even though no (1961) 68-69, reads aori for douri in fr. 3.5 in view
examples are found in what is extant. of xiphe6n (v. 3). G. Monaco, "De fragmento Archi-
H. Lloyd-Jones, "The Gyges Fragment: A new lochi 5A Diehl," Atti Accad. di Scienze, Lett. e Arti
possibility," PCPhS 182 (1952-53) 36-43, feels that di Palermo 16 (1955-56) 185-91, studies the mean-
fewer difficulties are involved if we assign this frag- ing of various words in fr. 5A, and in "Nota archi-
ment to Archilochus than if we assign it to either lochea," A&R 5 (1960) 19-22, he defends his earlier
early or Hellenistic tragedy. Two poems in iambic interpretation against Gigante's criticism. E. Degani,
trimeters with the heading Archilochou, one of 9 vv. "Marginalia," Helikon 3 (1963) 484-89, maintains
and one of 21, containing violent denunciations that pomata does not mean "something to drink,"
against sexual perversion, are edited for the first but rather "covers" or "plugs" as in Od 2.353 and
time by G. Tarditi, "Due carmi giambici di uno Ps- Hesiod Op. 94, and that apo trygos means "right
Archiloco," RCCM 3 (1961) 311-16. On the basis of down to the lees." A. Garzya, "Una variazione archi-
style, metre and general tone he assigns them to the lochea in Sinesio," Maia 10 (1958) 66-71 (reprinted
beginning of the Renaissance. A few comments on in his Studi, pp. 161-69), sees an echo of fr. 5A in
the language and date are also added by A. Garzya, Synesius, Ep. 32, pp. 653-54 Hercher.
"Varia philologa IV, 5: A proposito di uno strano Fr. 6 is the subject of a pamphlet by G. Broccia,
falso archilocheo," BPEC 9 (1961) 44-45. I have not Pothos e Psogos. Il frammento 6D. e l'opera di Arch-
seen A. Baldi, "Tracce del mito di Etana in Archi- iloco (Rome 1959). He sees an opposition between
loco ed Esopo," Aevum 35 (1961) 381-84. the two distichs, the first as pothos and the second
as psogos, and he illustrates how this odi et amo
On specific fragments as they appear in theme is representative of much of Archilochus'
Diehl's edition: M. Gigante, "II testo del fr. 1D poetry. The fragment is not a radical departure
di Archiloco," PP 12 (1957) 358-62, maintains from the heroic, aristocratic ideal for which the
that the correct text at the beginning should be shield is a symbol, but an expression of the per-
amphoteron, eimi t'ego etc. Fr. 2 has aroused sonal, intellectual attitude of the poet. C. Kara-
thanasis, "He aspis tou Archilochou kai he Neo-
considerable interest ever since C. M. Bowra, "A boule," Platon 7 (1955) 296-99, makes the incredible
Couplet of Archilochus," AFC 6 (1953-54) 37-43, suggestion that the shield is a metaphor and desig-
was the first to point out that en dori should nates Neoboule! In v. 3 M. Gigante, "II testo del
have the same meaning each time it is repeated. fr. 6, 3 di Archiloco," PP 11 (1956) 196-200, reads
autos m'exesaosa. M. Benavente, "Similia. Comen-
He argues for "at my spear," i.e. "at my post" or tario a dos pasajes de la poesia griega," ECIds 7
"under arms." J. A. Davison, "Archilochu,s fr. 2 (1962-63) 321-23, notes the similarity between fr.
Diehl," CR NS 10 (1960) 1-4, feels "on active 6.3 and Eur. Heracl. 15.
service" is unsatisfactory for v. 2 and argues that F. R. Adrados, "La elegia a Pericles de Arqui-
the meaning throughout is "in my ship." L. G. loco," AFC 6 (1953-54) 225-38, argues that frr. 8,
Pocock, "Archilochus, Fr. 2," CR NS 11 (1961) 12, lOa, 11, 7 and lOb in that order all formed part
of the elegy to Pericles. I have not seen A. Gamerro,
179-80, makes the unlikely suggestion that dori "Arquiloco Elegia a Pericles," AFO 8 (1961-63) 35-
means "tree." V. Ehrenberg, "Archilochus, Frag. 44. M. Arrigoni, "Noterella a proposito di un fram-

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278 THE CLASSICAL WORLD MARCH 1968

mento di Archiloco," GIF 13 (1960) 134-35: mem- evidence that gymnon in fr. 79a. 2 means "naked,"
phomenos has its normal meaning "blaming," not not "barefoot."
"lamenting," and terpsetai is a short-vowel aorist The fable of the eagle and the fox (frr. 89-95)
subjunctive. is studied by I. Trencsenyi-Waldapfel, "Eine Aeso-
R. R. Dyer, "Asia *Aswia and Archilochus Fr. pische Fabel und ihre orientalischen Parallelen,"
23," PP 20 (1965) 115-32, is concerned with two AAntHung 7 (1959) 317-27; A. La Penna, "Lettera-
problems, the text of fr. 23 and the area designated tura esopica e letteratura assiro-babilonese," RFIC
at this period by the word Asia. He gives a long 92 (1964) 24-39; and F. R. Adrados, "El tema del
account of the digamma in early Greek poetry and aquila, de la epica acadia a Esquilo," Emerita 32
concludes that it is to be understood in Asies. He (1964) 267-82. J. Pouilloux, "Eschyle, adapteur
suggests that we read ho d'Asies te etc. For Archi- d'Archiloque," REA 66 (1964) 287-90, sees a remini-
lochus Asia meant Lydia. B. Marzullo, "La chioma scence of frr. 92a and 94 in Aesch. PV 3-7.
di Neobule," RhM 100 (1957) 68-82, believes the
two fragments under fr. 25 should not be com- Semonides. R. Laurenti, "Pessimismo e non
bined and that they refer to an hetaira, not Neo- pessimismo nella poesia di Semonide l'Amorgi-
boule. no," Sophia 32 (1964) 83-100, discusses those
H. G. Viljoen, "Archilochus fr. 49D," Mnemosyne passages which are of a pessimistic nature and
ser. 4, 6 (1953) 45, attempts to increase the size of correctly points out that although he is pessi-
this fragment by incorporating into it at the begin- mistic these views are also found in Homer and
ning several words (with emendations) which im- the elegiac poets, with the result that we have
mediately precede Diehl's text. G. Huxley, "Studies
in Early Greek Poets 1: Neleids in Naxos and no right to say that Semonides was "il primo
Archilochos," GRBS 5 (1964) 21-25: according to pessimista assoluta, integrale del mondo occi-
tradition those who sailed from Attica to found dentale," as is often stated. V. Steffen, "De
settlements in Miletus were led by Neileos. On his Semonide iambographo vitae humanae aestima-
way he left part of his force at Naxos and the
presence of Neleidae at Naxos Huxley believes is tore," Quaestiones Lyricae 1 (Poznan 1955) 22-
attested by fr. 51. 46 and 60 where the "son of 34, gives an analysis of the structure and mean-
Peisistratus" and "Neleos" are mentioned. He con- ing of fr. 1. He suggests new readings in vv. 4,
cludes that "the leader of the Naxians defeated by 10 and 17, and argues that fr. 3 should be added
the Parians in the time of Archilochus was a to the end of fr. 1 to provide a more satisfactory
Neleid, Neleos son of Peisistratos." This may be
possible, but it is not certain that in v. 60 we should conclusion for the poem. The same scholar in
read a proper name (L-B print nelees). "De elegia quadam Semonidi falso adscripta"
F. R. Adrados, "Origen del tema de la nave del (pp. 35-41) assigns fr. 29 to Mimnermus, noting
estado en un papiro de Arquiloco," Aegyptus 35 similarities to frr. 1 and 2, and believes that
(1955) 206-10, finds the origin of the ship of state Semonides at a later time paraphrased this theme
image in frr. 56 and 56A rather than in Alcaeus. H. in fr. 1. He also makes an unnecessary emenda-
Wood, "On a fragment falsely ascribed to Archilo-
chus," MH 23 (1966) 228-33: primarily on the basis tion in v. 11.
of the verb prom6thesai in v. 7 which he argues Hipponax. The gallimaufry of obscure, dif-
could not have been used in the 7th century, he ficult, yet fascinating fragments which have
concludes that fr. 56A is probably Hellenistic. I am come down to us under the name of Hipponax
not convinced by his arguments, but he has a
valuable discussion of the words Prometheus and has the distinction of being the subject of three
prometheia in early Greek. books in as many years: W. de Sousa Medeiros,
B. Gentili, "Nota ad Archiloco fr. 65 D3," RFIC Hiponax de Efeso 1 (Coimbra 1961); 0. Masson,
90 (1962) 33-34, defends the reading esthla and re- Les fragments du poete Hipponax (Paris 1962);
jects Lasserre's argument that fr. 65 probably and A. Farina, Ipponatte (Naples 1963). The first
belongs at the end of fr. 74. M. Gigante, "Anth. one, and the longest, contains an introduction
Plan. V 39; Archiloch. Fr. 65D.," Maia 13 (1961)
195-96, had earlier argued that we should emend with a full bibliography, critical text, testimonia,
to esthle with substantive value on the basis of and a Portuguese translation and commentary.
Od. 22.412. G. A. Privitera, "Archiloco e il ditirambo The commentary deals primarily with style and
letterario pre-simonideo," Maia 9 (1957) 95-110, literary criticism and this is the most valuable
studies at length the word exarchein which he portion of the book, even if he tends to praise
thinks here means "intonare."
Hipponax more than many would allow. See also
G. M. Kirkwood, "The Authorship of the Stras- Masson's review article, "Une nouvelle edition
bourg Epodes," TAPA 92 (1961) 267-82, argues con- d'Hipponax," RPh ser. 3, 38 (1964) 89-94. Mas-
vincingly that fr. 79a is Archilochus, fr. 80 Hipponax,
and fr. 79b too brief for discussion. He refutes the son's edition is less conservative than Medeiros'
two main arguments used to deny Archilochian and provides only an introduction, text and com-
authorship of fr. 79a, (1) the presence of correptio mentary, no testimonia or contexts. Linguistic
attica, and (2) the improbability of the papyrus' matters, one of the most difficult aspects of Hip-
having been an anthology. L. Alfonsi, "Dagli 'Epodi
di Strasburgo' a Timocle," Aegyptus 43 (1963) 68- ponactian studies, are treated in detail and with
69, adduces Timocles, fr. 16A, p. 614 Edmonds, as extreme competence. G. Roux in his review

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MARCH 1968 THE CLASSICAL WORLD 279

article "Hipponax redivivus; 'a propos d'une ference to Bupalus) in fr. 14a, and discusses the
nouvelle edition des Iambes," REA 66 (1964) text and meaning of fr. 77 which he thinks refers to
121-31, discusses not only Masson's book in gen- Arete. E. Degani, "Hipponactea," Helikon 2 (1962)
625-29, studies the text of fr. 32A and examines
eral, but also frr. 16-17, 39 and 77D. A second the Suda entry recorded as fr. 138 in Bergk, pro-
review article, G. Morelli, "Due nuove edizioni di posing the reading diapinomenon. Finally, 0. Mas-
Ipponatte," RFIC 92 (1964) 370-76, praises both son, "Recherches sur le vocabulaire d'Hipponax,"
editions and examines their treatment of certain RPh ser. 3, 36 (1962) 46-50, makes a careful study
fragments. The third book, the only one to of erpis in fr. IV. 18, a word of Egyptian origin
meaning "wine" which he maintains proves that
retain Diehl's numbering, contains an introduc-
Egyptian wine was exported to Asia Minor in the
tion, text, testimonia, translation and commen- 6th century. He also argues that we should retain
tary. Farina's notes provide a wealth of parallel erpin in Sappho, fr. 141.3/4.
passages, but otherwise are not of the same (Continued in April)
standard as Medeiros' or Masson's. It is perhaps DOUGLAS E. GERBER
indicative of the great difficulties presented by UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO
Hipponax that all three books are valuable and
repay careful examination.
Part II of Professor Gerber's article, treating
A. Bartalucci, "Hipponacteae interpretatiuncu- Melic Monody (Sappho, Alcaeus, Anacreon, the
lae," Maia 16 (1964) 243-58, makes a study primarily melici minores) and Choral Melic (Alcman, Stesi-
of the meaning of various words in frr. 29, 60, 74 chorus, Ibycus, Simonides, Corinna) will appear
and IX. Frr. 60 and 74 are sensu obscaeno. W. de in April; Part III (Pindar and Bacchylides), in
Sousa Medeiros, "O milhafre, a garea e o baratro May.-ED.
nos fragmentos de Hip6nax," Humanitas 11-12
(1959-60) 133-44, argues at length for Maas' emen-
dation of ekteinon to iktinon (probably with re- In writing advertisers. please mention CW.

Frederic M. Wheelock
LATIN LATIN LITERATURE
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