Vignan’s Nirula Institute of Technology and Science for Women
PedaPalakaluru :: Guntur
Course Outcomes
Branch: Electronics and Communication Engineering Year & semester: III B.Tech I Semester
Sections: A, B&C Faculty: J. THRISUL KUMAR
Subject: ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
After the completion of this course, the student shall be able to:
CO [1]. Understand the application of EM waves in free space and antenna parameters
CO [2]. Analyse the dipole antennas and loop antennas and their radiation field components
CO [3]. Understand the concept of pattern multiplication and analyse antenna arrays with
corresponding radiation patterns
CO [4]. understand and analyse patch antennas and analyse helical antenna
CO [5]. Understand the concept of reflector antennas and horn antennas.
CO [6]. Understand and Summarize the characteristics of ground wave propagation, sky wave
propagation, space wave propagation and tropospheric wave propagation
Step1: Initialize T¿ [ t ] T ij
0
Step2: At k – step calculate the centre vectors
B(K) =[ B i ] with T (k)
N
∑ t ijm . x i
B j = i=1N
∑ tij m
i=1
Step3:Update T (k)
,T
(k−1)
1
t ij = 2
b
‖x −b ‖
(
∑ ‖x i−b j‖
k=1 i j
) m−1
Step4: if ‖T (k +1)−T k‖< ε then stop otherwise return to
step2