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Concept of Disaster Risk Management

This document discusses concepts related to disaster risk management. It defines vulnerability as the characteristics of a community, system, or asset that make it susceptible to hazards. Vulnerability has physical, social, economic, and environmental aspects. It is determined by exposure to hazards, resistance (protective measures), and resilience (ability to recover). The people of southern Bangladesh exemplify high vulnerability due to great exposure to cyclones and low resistance and resilience. The document outlines four main types of vulnerability: physical, economic, social, and environmental. Exposure refers to the elements at risk of experiencing hazards, including physical, socioeconomic, and environmental elements. Capacity encompasses the resources available to reduce disaster risk and impacts.

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KC Campilan
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68 views17 pages

Concept of Disaster Risk Management

This document discusses concepts related to disaster risk management. It defines vulnerability as the characteristics of a community, system, or asset that make it susceptible to hazards. Vulnerability has physical, social, economic, and environmental aspects. It is determined by exposure to hazards, resistance (protective measures), and resilience (ability to recover). The people of southern Bangladesh exemplify high vulnerability due to great exposure to cyclones and low resistance and resilience. The document outlines four main types of vulnerability: physical, economic, social, and environmental. Exposure refers to the elements at risk of experiencing hazards, including physical, socioeconomic, and environmental elements. Capacity encompasses the resources available to reduce disaster risk and impacts.

Uploaded by

KC Campilan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONCEPT OF

DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT
DISASTER RISK
= HAZARD X VULNERABILITY –
CAPACITY
WHAT IS VULNERABILITY ?

Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system


or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects
of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
WHAT IS VULNERABILITY ?

According to UNESCO/UNDRO (1982) Definitions of Hazard & Risk


Terminology-

Vulnerability (V) is the degree of loss to a given element or set of elements at risk
resulting from the occurrence of a hazardous phenomenon of a given magnitude. It
is expressed on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total loss).
KEY CONCEPT OF VULNERABILITY ?

Vulnerability = Exposure + Resistance + Resilience


Exposure: at risk property and population
Resistance: Measures taken to prevent, avoid or reduce loss
Resilience: Ability to recover prior state or achieve desired post-disaster state
EXAMPLE OF VULNERABILITY ?

The people of the southern part of Bangladesh are more vulnerable to cyclone because of-
-High Exposure of Cyclone
-Low Resistance (lack of proper management)
-Low Resilience (Economic limitation)
TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ?
There are four (4) main types of vulnerability:

1. Physical Vulnerability:
Meaning the potential for physical impact on the physical environment – which can
be
expressed as elements-at-risk (EaR). The degree of loss to a given EaR or set of
EaR resulting from the occurrence of a natural phenomenon of a given magnitude and
expressed on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total damage)”.
TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ?

2. Economic Vulnerability:
the potential impacts of hazards on economic assets and processes (i.e. business
interruption,
secondary effects such as increased poverty and job loss) Vulnerability of different
economic
sectors.

3. Social Vulnerability:
refers to the inability of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse impacts
to
hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and systems of cultural
values. It includes aspects related to levels of literacy and education, the existence of peace and
security, access to basic human rights, systems of good governance, social equity,
positive traditional values, customs and ideological beliefs and overall collective
organizational systems (UNISDR).
Example- When flooding occurs some citizens, such as children, elderly and differently-
able, may be unable to protect themselves or evacuate if necessary.
TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ?

4. Environmental Vulnerability:
Natural resource depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of environmental vulnerability.
Example: Wetlands, such as the Caroni Swamp, are sensitive to increasing salinity from sea water, and
pollution from storm water runoff containing agricultural chemicals, eroded soils, etc.
EXPOSURE

• The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experience


hazard events of different magnitude.

• Is the total value of elements at risk. It is expressed as the


number human lives, and value of the properties, that can
potentially be affected by hazards. It is a function of the
geographic location of the elements. – UNDP (2004)

1
ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS

PHYSICAL ELEMENTS – this are elements that are tangible or can be visually
seen.

SOCIOECONOMIC ELEMENTS – these comprise the institutional and


government systems that dictate the kind of well-being and lifestyles of
communities.

ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS – these includes the ecosystems and the


natural processes that are exposed to hazard events.
• CAPACITY - Is the combination of all strengths and resources
available within the community, society or organization that can
reduce the level of risk or effects of a disaster.

1
Group Activity

COLLAGE IT!!!

WHAT TO DO:
Using paper cut-outs from newspapers, magazines and other periodicals, form
a collage to depict exposure and vulnerability elements of disaster risk that
communities should consider.

CRITERIA:
1. RELEVANCE TO THE THEME (3PTS.)
2. VISUAL IMPACT/ APPEAL (3PTS.)
3. CREATIVITY (2PTS.)
4. NEATNESS AND CLARITY (2 PTS.)
EXAMPLE

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