EsAssi

gnment
Name:
S.manasa

I
dno:
193J1A04F8

Sec:
ECE-
c
AI
RPOLLUTI
ON

Whati
sAi
rPol
l
uti
on?
Pol
l
uti
oni
snowacommonpl
acet
erm,
thatourear
sar
eat
tunedt
o.Wehearaboutt
he
v
ari
ousf
ormsofpol
l
uti
onandr
eadabouti
tthr
ought
hemassmedi
a.Ai
rpol
l
uti
oni
sone
suchf
ormt
hatr
efer
stot
hecont
ami
nat
ionoft
heai
r,i
rr
espect
iveofi
ndoor
sorout
side.
Aphy
sical
,bi
ologi
cal
orchemi
cal
alt
erat
iont
otheai
rint
heat
mospher
ecanbet
ermed
aspol
l
uti
on.I
toccur
swhenanyhar
mful
gases,
dust
,smokeent
ersi
ntot
heat
mospher
e
andmakesi
tdi
ff
icul
tforpl
ant
s,ani
mal
s,andhumanst
osur
viv
east
heai
rbecomes
di
rt
y.

Ai
rpol
l
uti
oncanf
urt
herbecl
assi
fi
edi
ntot
wosect
ions-v
isi
bleai
rpol
l
uti
onandi
nvi
sibl
e
ai
rpol
l
uti
on.Anot
herwayofl
ooki
ngatai
rpol
l
uti
oncoul
dbeanysubst
ancet
hathol
ds
t
hepot
ent
ial
tohi
ndert
heat
mospher
eort
hewel
lbei
ngoft
hel
i
vingbei
ngssur
viv
ingi
n
i
t.Thesust
ainmentofal
lthi
ngsl
i
vingi
sduet
oacombi
nat
ionofgasest
hatcol
l
ect
ivel
y
f
ormt
heat
mospher
e;t
hei
mbal
ancecausedbyt
hei
ncr
easeordecr
easei
nthe
per
cent
ageoft
hesegasescanbehar
mful
tosur
viv
al.
 TheOzonel
ayerconsi
der
edcr
uci
alf
ort
heexi
stenceoft
heecosy
stemsont
he
pl
aneti
sdepl
eti
ngduet
oincr
easedpol
l
uti
on.Gl
obal
war
ming,
adi
rectr
esul
tof
t
hei
ncr
easedi
mbal
anceofgasesi
ntheat
mospher
ehascomet
obeknownas
t
hebi
ggestt
hreatandchal
l
enget
hatt
hecont
empor
arywor
ldhast
oov
ercomei
n
abi
dforsur
viv
al.

 Ty
pesofPol
l
utant
s
 I
nor
dert
ounder
standt
hecausesofAi
rpol
l
uti
on,
sev
eral
div
isi
onscanbemade.

 Pr
imar
il
yai
rpol
l
utant
scanbecausedbypr
imar
ysour
cesorsecondar
ysour
ces.
Thepol
l
utant
sthatar
eadi
rectr
esul
toft
hepr
ocesscanbecal
l
edpr
imar
y
pol
l
utant
s.Acl
assi
cexampl
eofapr
imar
ypol
l
utantwoul
dbet
hesul
fur
-di
oxi
de
emi
tt
edf
rom f
act
ori
es

 Secondar
ypol
l
utant
sar
etheonest
hatar
ecausedbyt
hei
nter
mingl
i
ngand
r
eact
ionsofpr
imar
ypol
l
utant
s.Smogcr
eat
edbyt
hei
nter
act
ionsofsev
eral
pr
imar
ypol
l
utant
sisknownt
obeasasecondar
ypol
l
utant
.
 Var
iousCausesofAi
rpol
l
uti
on
 1.Thebur
ningoff
ossi
lfuel
s
 Sul
furdi
oxi
deemi
tt
edf
rom t
hecombust
ionoff
ossi
lfuel
sli
kecoal
,pet
rol
eum
andot
herf
act
orycombust
ibl
esar
eonet
hemaj
orcauseofai
rpol
l
uti
on.Pol
l
uti
on
emi
tt
ingf
rom v
ehi
clesi
ncl
udi
ngt
rucks,
jeeps,
car
s,t
rai
ns,
air
planescausean
i
mmenseamountofpol
l
uti
on.Wer
elyont
hem t
oful
fi
ll
ourdai
l
ybasi
cneedsof
t
ranspor
tat
ion.

 But
,thei
rov
erusei
ski
l
li
ngourenv
ironmentasdanger
ousgasesar
epol
l
uti
ngt
he
env
ironment
.Car
bonMonoxi
decausedbyi
mpr
operori
ncompl
etecombust
ion
andgener
all
yemi
tt
edf
rom v
ehi
clesi
sanot
hermaj
orpol
l
utantal
ongwi
th
Ni
tr
ogenOxi
des,
thati
spr
oducedf
rom bot
hnat
ural
andman-
madepr
ocesses.

 2.Agr
icul
tur
alact
ivi
ti
es
 Ammoni
aisav
erycommonby
productf
rom agr
icul
tur
e-r
elat
edact
ivi
ti
esandi
s
oneoft
hemosthazar
dousgasesi
ntheat
mospher
e.Useofi
nsect
ici
des,
pest
ici
des,
andf
ert
il
izer
sinagr
icul
tur
alact
ivi
ti
eshasgr
ownqui
teal
ot.Theyemi
t
har
mful
chemi
cal
sint
otheai
randcanal
socausewat
erpol
l
uti
on.
 3.Exhaustf
rom f
act
ori
esandi
ndust
ri
es
 Manuf
act
uri
ngi
ndust
ri
esr
eleaseal
argeamountofcar
bonmonoxi
de,
hy
drocar
bons,
organi
ccompounds,
andchemi
cal
sint
otheai
rther
ebydepl
eti
ng
t
hequal
i
tyofai
r.Manuf
act
uri
ngi
ndust
ri
escanbef
oundatev
erycor
neroft
he
ear
thandt
her
eisnoar
eat
hathasnotbeenaf
fect
edbyi
t.Pet
rol
eum r
efi
ner
ies
al
sor
eleasehy
drocar
bonsandv
ari
ousot
herchemi
cal
sthatpol
l
utet
heai
rand
al
socausel
andpol
l
uti
on.

 4.Mi
ningoper
ati
ons
 Mi
ningi
sapr
ocesswher
einmi
ner
alsbel
owt
heear
thar
eext
ract
edusi
ngl
arge
equi
pment
.Dur
ingt
hepr
ocessdustandchemi
cal
sar
erel
easedi
ntheai
r
causi
ngmassi
veai
rpol
l
uti
on.Thi
sisoneoft
her
easonswhi
chi
sresponsi
blef
or
t
hedet
eri
orat
ingheal
thcondi
ti
onsofwor
ker
sandnear
byr
esi
dent
s.

 5.I
ndoorai
rpol
l
uti
on
 Househol
dcl
eani
ngpr
oduct
s,pai
nti
ngsuppl
i
esemi
ttoxi
cchemi
cal
sint
heai
r
andcauseai
rpol
l
uti
on.Hav
eyouev
ernot
icedt
hatoncey
oupai
ntt
hewal
l
sof
y
ourhouse,
itcr
eat
essomesor
tofsmel
lwhi
chmakesi
tli
ter
all
yimpossi
blef
or
y
out
obr
eat
he?

Di
sast
rousEf
fect
sofAi
rpol
l
uti
on
 1.Respi
rat
oryandhear
tpr
obl
ems
 Theef
fect
sofai
rpol
l
uti
onar
eal
armi
ng.Theyar
eknownt
ocr
eat
esev
eral
r
espi
rat
oryandhear
tcondi
ti
onsal
ongwi
thCancer
,amongot
hert
hreat
stot
he
body
.Sev
eral
mil
l
ionar
eknownt
ohav
edi
edduet
odi
rectori
ndi
rectef
fect
sof
Ai
rpol
l
uti
on.Chi
l
dreni
nar
easexposedt
oai
rpol
l
utant
sar
esai
dtocommonl
y
suf
ferf
rom pneumoni
aandast
hma.
 2.Gl
obal
war
ming
 Anot
herdi
rectef
fecti
sthei
mmedi
ateal
ter
ati
onst
hatt
hewor
ldi
swi
tnessi
ng
duet
ogl
obal
war
ming.Wi
thi
ncr
easedt
emper
atur
eswor
ldwi
de,
incr
easei
nsea
l
evel
sandmel
ti
ngofi
cef
rom col
derr
egi
onsandi
ceber
gs,
displ
acementand
l
ossofhabi
tathav
eal
readysi
gnal
edani
mpendi
ngdi
sast
eri
fact
ionsf
or
pr
eser
vat
ionandnor
mal
i
zat
ionar
en’
tunder
takensoon.

 3.Aci
drai
n
 Har
mful
gasesl
i
keni
tr
ogenoxi
desandsul
furoxi
desar
erel
easedi
ntot
he
at
mospher
edur
ingt
hebur
ningoff
ossi
lfuel
s.Wheni
trai
ns,
thewat
erdr
opl
ets
combi
newi
tht
heseai
rpol
l
utant
s,becomesaci
dicandt
henf
all
sont
hegr
oundi
n
t
hef
orm ofaci
drai
n.Aci
drai
ncancausegr
eatdamaget
ohuman,
ani
mal
s,and
cr
ops.
  4.Eut
rophi
cat
ion
 Eut
rophi
cat
ioni
sacondi
ti
onwher
eahi
ghamountofni
tr
ogenpr
esenti
nsome
pol
l
utant
sget
sdev
elopedonsea’
ssur
faceandt
urnsi
tsel
fint
oal
gaeand
adv
ersel
yaf
fectf
ish,
plant
sandani
mal
speci
es.Thegr
eencol
oredal
gaet
hatar
e
pr
esentonl
akesandpondsi
sduet
othepr
esenceoft
hischemi
cal
onl
y.

 Wheny
out
ryt
ost
udyt
hesour
cesofAi
rpol
l
uti
on,
youenl
i
staser
iesofact
ivi
ti
es
andi
nter
act
ionst
hatcr
eat
ethesepol
l
utant
s.Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofsour
cest
hat
wewi
l
ltakeal
ookatNat
ural
sour
cesandMan-
madesour
ces.

Nat
ural
sour
cesofpol
l
uti
oni
ncl
udedustcar
ri
edbyt
hewi
ndf
rom l
ocat
ionswi
thv
ery
l
i
ttl
eornogr
eencov
er,
gasesr
eleasedf
rom t
hebodypr
ocessesofl
i
vingbei
ngs
(
Car
bondi
oxi
def
rom humansdur
ingr
espi
rat
ion,
Met
hanef
rom cat
tl
edur
ingdi
gest
ion,
Oxy
genf
rom pl
ant
sdur
ingPhot
osy
nthesi
s).Smokef
rom t
hecombust
ionofv
ari
ous
i
nfl
ammabl
eobj
ect
s,v
olcani
cer
upt
ions,
etcal
ongwi
tht
heemi
ssi
onofpol
l
utedgases
al
somakesi
ttot
hel
i
stofnat
ural
sour
cesofpol
l
uti
on.

Whi
l
elooki
ngatt
heman-
madecont
ri
but
ionst
owar
dsai
rpol
l
uti
on,
smokeagai
n
f
eat
uresasapr
omi
nentcomponent
.Thesmokeemi
tt
edf
rom v
ari
ousf
ormsof
combust
ionl
i
kei
nbi
omass,
fact
ori
es,
vehi
cles,
fur
naces,
etc.Wast
eusedt
ocr
eat
e
l
andf
il
lsgener
atemet
hane,
thati
shar
mful
insev
eral
way
s.Ther
eact
ionsofcer
tai
n
gasesandchemi
cal
sal
sof
orm har
mful
fumest
hatcanbedanger
oust
othewel
lbei
ng
ofl
i
vingcr
eat
ures

Sol
uti
onsForAi
rPol
l
uti
on
1.Usepubl
i
cmodeoft
ranspor
tat
ion
Encour
agepeopl
etousemor
eandmor
epubl
i
cmodesoft
ranspor
tat
iont
oreduce
pol
l
uti
on.Al
so,
tryt
omakeuseofcar
pool
i
ng.I
fyouandy
ourcol
l
eaguescomef
rom t
he
samel
ocal
i
tyandhav
esamet
imi
ngsy
oucanexpl
oret
hisopt
iont
osav
eener
gyand
money
.

2.Conser
veener
gy
Swi
tchof
ffansandl
i
ght
swheny
ouar
egoi
ngout
.Al
argenumberoff
ossi
lfuel
sar
e
bur
ntt
opr
oduceel
ect
ri
cit
y.Youcansav
etheenv
ironmentf
rom degr
adat
ionby
r
educi
ngt
henumberoff
ossi
lfuel
stobebur
ned.

3.Under
standt
heconceptofReduce,
ReuseandRecy
cle
Donott
hrowawayi
temst
hatar
eofnouset
oyou.I
n-f
actr
euset
hem f
orsomeot
her
pur
pose.Fore.
g.y
oucanuseol
djar
stost
orecer
eal
sorpul
ses.
4.Emphasi
soncl
eanener
gyr
esour
ces
Cl
eanener
gyt
echnol
ogi
esl
i
kesol
ar,
windandgeot
her
mal
areonhi
ght
heseday
s.
Gov
ernment
sofv
ari
ouscount
ri
eshav
ebeenpr
ovi
dinggr
ant
stoconsumer
swhoar
e
i
nter
est
edi
ninst
all
i
ngsol
arpanel
sfort
hei
rhome.Thi
swi
l
lgoal
ongwayt
ocur
bai
r
pol
l
uti
on.

5.Useener
gyef
fi
cientdev
ices
CFLlight
sconsumel esselect
ri
cityasagainstthei
rcount
erpart
s.Theyli
velonger,
consumel esselect
ri
city
,lowerelectr
ici
tybil
lsandalsohel
py outoreducepoll
uti
onby
consumingl essener
gy .
I
ndia'
sCOVID-
19l
ockdownbr
ingscl
eanai
r,
bl
ueskies
 
Lessthansi
xmonthsago, Delhiwasgaspingforbreath.Author
iti
essaidai
rquali
tyhad
reached"
unbear
abl
elevels".Schoolswereshut,
fli
ghtswer ediv
erted,
andpeoplewere
askedtowearmasks,avoidpollut
edareasandkeepdoor sandwindowsclosed.
Butdur i
ngthelockdownthatbeganonMar22, theconcentr
ati
onofpoisonousPM2.
5
par
ticlesinacubicmetreofairaver
agedat44.18,accor
dingtoaReutersanal
ysi
sof
governmentdat a,
indi
cat
ingar ar
e"good"r
ati
ng, t
hesafestl
evelont
hescale.

Thati
ssharplydownfrom anaverageconcent
rat
ionof81.
88,recor
dedbetweenMarch
22andApri
l 15of2019,accor
dingtotheanaly
sisofdat
agatheredbythestat
e-r
un
Centr
alPol
l
ut i
onContr
ol Boar
d.

Si
mil
arr
educt
ionshav
ebeenseeni
nMumbai
,PuneandAhmedabad.