Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
limit limit value of a function n/a
ε epsilon represents a very small number, near zero ε→0
e e constant / Euler's number e = 2.718281828... e = lim (1+1/x)x ,
y' derivative derivative - Lagrange's notation (3x3)' = 9x2
y '' second derivative derivative of derivative (3x3)'' = 18x
y(n) nth derivative n times derivation (3x3)(3) = 18
derivative derivative - Leibniz's notation d(3x3)/dx = 9x2
second derivative derivative of derivative d2(3x3)/dx2 = 18x
nth derivative n times derivation n/a
time derivative derivative by time - Newton's notation n/a
time second derivative derivative of derivative n/a
Dx y derivative derivative - Euler's notation n/a
Dx2y second derivative derivative of derivative n/a
partial derivative n/a ∂(x2+y2)/∂x = 2x
∫ integral opposite to derivation ∫ f(x)dx
∫∫ double integral integration of function of 2 variables ∫∫ f(x,y)dxdy
∫∫∫ triple integral integration of function of 3 variables ∫∫∫ f(x,y,z)dxdydz
∮ closed contour / line integral n/a n/a
∯ closed surface integral n/a n/a
∰ closed volume integral n/a n/a
[a,b] closed interval [a,b] = {x | a ≤ x ≤ b} n/a
(a,b) open interval (a,b) = {x | a < x < b} n/a
i imaginary unit I ≡ √-1 z = 3 + 2i
z* complex conjugate Z = a+bi → z*=a-bi z* = 3 - 2i
z complex conjugate Z = a+bi → z = a-bi z = 3 - 2i
∇ nabla / del gradient / divergence operator ∇f (x,y,z)
vector n/a n/a
unit vector n/a n/a
x*y convolution y(t) = x(t) * h(t) n/a
Laplace transform F(s) = {f (t)} n/a
Fourier transform X(ω) = {f (t)} n/a
δ delta function n/a n/a
∞ lemniscate infinity symbol n/a
Calculus & Analysis
Symbols