NATURAL LAW

 Natural law is universally  Natural law is quite a balanced

applicable, it means that regardless topic of discussion which
of race, age, and gender Natural could be argued either
Law can applied and followed. positively or negatively.
 There is a great emphasis on  Natural law is a reasonable
natural, social, and physical concept.
harmony. Nature, society, and the  Natural law concentrates on
difficult situations of both the human character and its
elderly and young people are potential for goodness and
considered. flourishing rather than on the
 Natural Law is not based on rightness or wrongness of
feelings, emotions or compassion particular acts and so it allows
but it is based on innate human for some measure of
reason and innate human reason flexibility.
doesn’t change like feelings. This
means that when we conduct an
action we are not doing it simply at
the urge of the moment but simply
we are doing it something more
because we feel that it is
something that’s right or wrong

 When human make ethical  While natural law works in

decisions they are not always theory, it has a countless flaws
rational. People are more likely to which prevents it from fully
base their decisions on emotional working in a modern society,
factors and instinct, even if only fir instance it makes the same
because it’s faster to do so mistake that Eudamonia does
 Individual problems do not easily in saying that each person
fit into Natural law. It is a fine desires the same things, such
enough theory to base laws on for as perfection or happiness.
the good of society as a whole, but  It assumes that every human
it gives no guidance for individuals being would behave in the
making ethical decisions. same way when they are
 It commits the naturalistic fallacy, faced with a moral decision.
there is no way to define good, yet  It is a subject to an individual
this theory attempts to anyway ideas and not concrete fact.
 TELEOLOGY
 “For since the creation of the  It is Supported By Inductive
world His invisible attributes, His Reasoning. Teleological
eternal power and divine nature, argument offers natural and
have been clearly seen, being revealed theology. There are
understood through what has been evidences that we can
made, so that they are without observe, making it difficult to
excuse.” This verse from the first deny the presence of
chapter of the book of Romans is complexity and order in the
further reinforced by the universe. There is apparent
statement that we are made in design in the different parts
God’s image. It is consistent with that come together to form
the scriptures the whole, such as the heart,
 It is Simple and Straightforward. brain, eyes and other parts
The use of analogy makes the that make up the body.
teleological argument
comprehensible, allowing us to
move from something within
experience and try to explain
something beyond experience,
such as the creation of the
universe. It also doesn’t rely on
fixed definitions that everyone
must accept, but begins with an
experience that may be universal
or at least testable.

 the consequences are so uncertain,  It makes assumptions about

that basing a system on events that are now – and will
consequences having to be loving likely forever be – outside the
to be good means that it is always scope of human knowledge,
possible to fail in any situation. when the only intellectually
 it can allow immoral actions to honest answer to the question
take place as it is more concerned “Where did we come from?”
with loving conse The Idea Of a is “We don’t know, and we
Designer Is Flawed probably never will.”
 It doesn’t follow that the world  It invokes special pleading –
itself has a designer simply because God existed forever, but it is
things in the world have designers. apparently impossible for the
The universe is also unique, and it universe to have done so.
is not right to make assumptions  It Is Subjective. The idea that
about the creation of unique the universe was intricately
things. And if there is such a designed is subjective. There
designer, it is also possible that are many observations in the
there may be more than one natural world that can
designer. produce different theories
that will account for the
existence of the universe
 DEONTOLOGY
 It provides a basis of human  Deontology supports a
dignity. collective awareness as well as
 It provides a basis for rights. effective functioning law
 It provides a basis for justice over within a society, where
short term utilitarianism. collectively undesirable plans
 It provides a basis for intrinsic and actions are discouraged.
value.  Deontology is more general
 It provides a basis for keeping and not individualistic,
commitments, promises, and meaning it can be applied to
contracts. everyone.
 It answers some of the problems  Deontology helps form an
associated with utilitarianism. ordered society
 this system, unlike the teleological  Within the set of morally
one, is not flexible, and can responsible choices it does not
therefore result in consequences provide the focussed goals of
which may be morally wrong Consequentialism nor the
 Not all our moral experience takes execution expertise of Virtue
the form of rule-following, and Ethics in applying the morally
attempts to shoe-horn these other approved decision.
kinds of experiences (sentiments  this system does not consider
like empathy or admiration, for consequences at all, and bases
example) into a deontic framework its decisions on the action
may distort the phenomena in being morally right. However,
question. an action could be morally
 it is not individualistic and is right but the consequence can
impersonal. be seen as unloving
 JUSTICE AND CARE



 VIRTUE ETHICS
 Examines the moral agent unlike  The theory of Virtue Ethics
many other ethical theories. makes it possible for people to
 Human emotions and be better individuals and
responsibilities are important. This members of society who are
separates Virtue Ethics from most willing to help other people,
other ethical theories as they thinking of others first over
regard emotions as illogical and personal interest. With these
therefore dangerous. virtues, people become better
 Allows the moral agent to make persons.
ethical decisions based on his or  Virtue Ethics is a holistic
her moral well-being, not just approach that it considers the
based on what is legally right. totality of a person, including
Acknowledges that morality is the skills, character traits and
complex and so rejects simplistic emotions.
maxims as a basis for moral truth.  Virtue Ethics motivates an
 It does not claim to be a miracle individual to have high regard
solution for every problem but to personal relationships and
tries to equip us so as to deal with encourage or motivates a
the problems. person to be sensitive of
others and take care of other
people.
 difficulty in determining the nature  Virtue Ethics concentrate on
if virtues. This is due to the only a limited number of
difference in opinions and virtues, it is not able to help
perspectives of people who are the population but only an
inherently different from each individual.
other and came from diverse  Those who are not in favor of
cultures and societies. virtue ethics find this theory
 it deals with a person’s own to be misguiding when it
character when it is supposed to be comes to educating or
how the actions of an individual motivating people. This is
affect other people. Other theory because it leads people to rely
of ethics expects a person to think on luck when it comes to
or regard other people instead of attaining moral maturity.
personal gain and interest.  it concentrates more on the
 this theory lacks focus when it qualities an individual has to
comes to determining the types of enhance or improve in order
actions that are morally acceptable to become a good person
and permitted from the ones that
should be avoided