Acbettskepic DEUTSCHE NORM August 2007 DIN EN ISO 2409 ICS 87.040 Supersedes DIN EN ISO 2409:1994-10 Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test (ISO 2409:2007) English version of DIN EN ISO 2409:2007-08 Beschichtungsstoffe — Gitterschnitipriifung (ISO 2409:2007) Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 2409:2007-08 Document comprises 18 pages (© Noga of wis nid nay be epoca wine pes pomsono autos (OW Doutsones iat te Noman. V7. etn, Seuin Verlag Grbh 10772 Bean, Gacany, PY wean tame eect a cf eva Snes OMe en wetted nar sprangDIN EN ISO 2409:2007-08 National foreword ‘This standard falls in the domain of Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 "Paints and vamishes" (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). It is identical with International Standard ISO 2409 which was prepared by ISO/TC 35/SC 9 “General test methods for paints and varnishes" (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Beschichtungsstoffe und Beschichtungen (Coatings and Coating Materials Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 002-00-07 AA Allgemeine Prifverfahren fir Beschichtungsstoffe und Beschichtungen. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in the EN are as follows: 180 1513 DINEN ISO 1513 180 1514 DINENISO 1514 180 2808 = DINEN ISO 2808 1803270 DINEN 23270 ISO 4624 © DINEN ISO. 4624 ISO 15528 DINEN ISO 15528 ISO 16276-2 DINEN ISO 16276-2 IEC 60454-2 DIN EN 60454-2 (VDE 0340-2) Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 2409:1994-10 as follows: a) The requirements for the adhesive tape have been modified. ») Precision data has been amended. Previous editions DIN 53151: 1955-05, 1965-10, 1970-12, 1981-05 DIN EN ISO 2409: 1994-10DIN EN ISO 2409:2007-08 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 23270, Paints, vamishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for conditioning and testing DIN EN 60454-2 (VDE 0340-2), Specification for pressure-sensilive adhesive tapes for electrical purposes — Part 2: Methods of test DIN EN ISO 1513, Paints and vamishes — Examination and preparation of samples for testing DIN EN ISO 1514, Paints and vamishes — Standard panels for testing DIN EN ISO 2808, Paints and vamishes — Determination of film thickness DIN EN ISO 4624, Paints and vamishes — Pull-off test for adhesion DIN EN ISO 18528, Paints, vamishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling DIN EN ISO 16276-2, Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paints systems — Assessment and acceptance for the adhesiorveohesian (fracture strength) of a dry film — Part 2: Cross-cut testing and Xcut testingDIN EN ISO 2409:2007-08 — This page is intentionally blank —EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 2409 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM May 2007 les 87.040 Supersedes EN ISO 2409:1904 English Version Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut test (ISO 2409:2007) Peintuces el vernis - Essai de quadtilage (ISO 2409-2007), Beschichlungsstole -Giterschnittprifung (180 2409:2007) ‘This Europesn Standard was approved by CEN on 14 May 2007. GEN members are bound to comply witn the CENICENELEC Intemel Regulations which stipulate the conditions forgiving this European ‘Standard the status of @ ational standard without ary aeration, Up-to-date fists and biblographical references concerning such national standarés may be abtainad on application to the CEN Management Centre orto any CEN mamiber. ‘This European Standard exists in thre offical versions (English, French, German). A version In any ather language made by translation Lunder ine responsibilty of 8 CEN member into ts own language and notified tothe CEN Management Centre has the same status as the oficial versions. GEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estania, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, iceland, ireland, ltl, Latvia, Lihusria, Luxembourg, Mata, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakie, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzeriand and Urited Kingdom, ae EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels ©2007 CEN Allrights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved ef, No, EN ISO 2409:2007: € ‘worldwide for CEN national Members,EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) 1 2 Normative references. 3 Apparatus 4 Sampling. 5 Test panels. 6 7 Supplementary test conditions a Evaluation and expression of results. 9 10 Test report Bibliography.EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) Foreword lent (EN ISO 2409:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 “Paints and collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and vamishes", the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2007. This document supersedes EN ISO 2409:1994. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungery, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice ‘The text of ISO 2409:2007 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 2408:2007 without any modifications.EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) 4 Scope This Intemational Standard describes a test method for assessing the resistance of paint coatings to separation from subsirates when a right-angle lattice pattern is cut into the coating, penetrating through to the Substrate. The properly measured by this empirical test procedure depends, among other factors, on the adhesion of the coating to either the preceding coat or the substrate. This procedure is not to be regarded, however, as a means of measuring adhesion. Where @ measurement of adhesion is required, attention is drawn to the method described in ISO 4624. NOTE 1 Although the testis primarily intended for use in the laboratory, the testis also suitable for fad testing, The method described may be used either as pass/fail test or, where circumstances are appropriate, as a six-step classification test. When applied to a mult-coat system, assessment of the resistance to separation of individual layers of the coating from each other may be made. The test can be carried out on finished objects andlor on specially prepared test specimens. Although the method is applicable to paint on hard (e.g. metal) and soft (e.g. wood and plaster) substates, these different substrates need a different test procedure (see Clause 6). The method is not suitable for coatings of total thickness greater than 250 um or for textured coatings. NOTE 2 _ The method, when applied to coatings designed to give a rough pattemed surtace, will give results which will ‘show too much variation (see also ISO 16276-2) 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. 'SO 1513, Paints and vamishes — Examination and preparation of samples for testing 1SO 1814, Paints and vamishes — Standard panels for testing 1SO 2808, Paints and vamishes — Determination of flm thickness {SO 3270, Paints and varnishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for conditioning and testing 1SO 45528, Painis, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling IEC 60454-2, Specification for pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes for electrical purposes — Part 2: Methods of testEN ISO 2409:2007 (E) 3. Apparatus 3.1 General Use ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with the apparatus specified in 3.2 to 3.6. 3.2 Cutting tool 3.2.1 General requirements Its particularly important to ensure that the cutting tool has a defined shape and that the cutting edges are in good condition. Suitable tools are described in 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 and shown in Figures 1a) and 1b). A single-biade cutting tool (3.2.2) is the preferred toot in all cases, i.e. with all kinds of coating on both hard and soft substrates. The mult-blade cutting tool (3.2.3) is not suitable for thick (> 120 um) or hard coatings or where the coating is applied aver soft substrates. The tools described in 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 are suitable for manual use and, although this is the more usual method Of use, the tool may be mounted on a motor-driven apparatus which gives more uniform cutting. The pplication of the latter procedure shall be subject to agreement between the interested parties. 3.2.2 Single-blade cutting tool A single-blade cutting tool shall have a 20° to 30° edge and a blade thickness of (0.43°388) mm as shown in Figure 12). " When the cutting edge has worn to 0,1 mm it shall be reground. 3.2.3 Multi-blade cutting tool A multi-blade cutting too! shall have six cutting edges spaced 1 mm, 2 mm or 3 mm apart [see Figure 1b)]. The width across the six cutting edges, a, shall be 5 mm for a tool which has a cutting-edge spacing of 1 mm, and 10 mm fora tool which has a cutting-edge spacing of 2 mm, When the cutting edge has worn to 0,1 mm it shall be reground. The guide edges and the cutting edges shall lie on the same diameter. 3.3 Guiding and spacing edges In order to space the cuts correctly, a series of guiding and spacing edges is necessary when using a single- blade cutting tool. A suitable apparatus is shown in Figure 2EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) Dimensions ia mitimetres, ‘excepl where indicated otherwise x. 0.4330,03 #30 Y 0.058 e—1 ww b) Multi-blade cutting tool Koy 1 cating edges a width across all six cuting edges Rogrind when culting edge has worn to 0,1 mm. Guide edges and cutting edges lie on same diameter. © Direction of cut, Figure 1 — Cutting toolsEN ISO 2409:2007 (E) 4 1 ten spacing edges 1 mm thick 2 laminated moulding plastic or steel 3 rubber Figure 2 — Series of spacing edges 3.4 Soft brush 3.8 Pressure-sensitive adhesive tape Unless otherwise agreed, adhesive tape with an adhesive strength between 6 N per 25 mm width and 10 N per 25mm width (determined in accordance with IEC 60454-2) shall be used. The tape shall be at least 50 mm wide, NOTE Transparent tape is recommended 3.6 Viewing lens Use a hand-held lens with a magnification of «2 or «3.EN 1SO 2409:2007 (E) 4 Sampling Take a representative sample of the product to be tested, as described in ISO 15528. Examine and prepare each sample for testing, as described in ISO 1513. 5 Test panels 5.1 Substrate Unless otherwise agreed, select the substrate from one of those described in ISO 1514. The panels shall be plane and free from distortion. The dimensions shall be such as to allow the test to be carried out at three different positions not less than § mm from each other or from an edge of the panel Where panels consist of a relatively soft material such as wood, the minimum thickness shall be 10 mm. Where panels consist of a hard material, the minimum thickness shall be 0,25 mm, NOTE1 — Rectanguler panels, measuring approximately 150 mm x 100 mm, have been found to be convenient. NOTE 2 __Incases where the panel is made of wood, the direction and the structure of the grain can influence the test, ‘and a pronounced grain will render the evaluation impossible. 5.2. Preparation and coating Unless otherwise agreed, prepare each test panel in accordance with ISO 1514 and then coat it by the specified method with the product or system under test. 5.3. Drying Dry (or stove) and age (if applicable) each coated test panel for the specified time and under the specified conditions. 5.4 Thickness of coating Determine the thickness, in micrometres, of the dried coating by one of the procedures specified in ISO 2808. ¢ Make the measurement at, or as near as possible to, the positions at which the cross-cut is to be made. The ‘umber of thickness determinations is dependent on the method used 6 Procedure 6.1 General 6.1.1 Test conditions and number of tests Carry out the test at a temperature of (23 +2)°C and a relative humidity of (60 + 5) %, unless otherwise agreed (see ISO 3270). In field tests, the ambient conditions will have to be accepted, 6.1.2 Conditioning of the test panels Unless otherwise specified, condition the test panels immediately prior to ihe test at a temperature of {23 £ 2) °C and a relative humidity of (50 + 5) % for a minimum of 16 h.EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) 6.4.3 Number of cuts The number of cuts in each direction of the lattice pattern shall be six. 6.1.4 Spacing of cuts The spacing of the cuts in each direction shall be equal and shall depend on the thickness of the coating and on the type of substrate as follows: up to 60 um: 1mm spacing, for hard (e.g. metal) substrates; up to 60 um: 2mm spacing, for soft (@.g. wood and plaster) substrates; 61 ym to 120 um: 2mm spacing, for both hard and soft substrates; 121 um to 250 um: 3 mm spacing, for both hard and soft substrates. The spacing of the cuts shall conform to the hardness of the substrate and the coating. 6.1.5 Number of determinations. Carry out the test in at least three different places (see 5.1) on the panel {see also Clause 8). If the results do ‘not match, the differences being more than one classification unit, repeat the test at three other places, necessary using different panels, and record all the results. 6.2 Cutting and removing the coating using the manual procedure 6.2.4 Place the test panel on a rigid, flat surface to prevent any deformation of the panel during the test. 6.2.2 Before the test, inspect the cutting edge of the blade and maintain its condition by sharpening or replacement, Perform the cutting manually, following the specified procedure, If the panel is of wood or similar material, make the cuts at approximately 45° to the direction of the grain, 6.2.3 Hold the cutting tool (3.2) with the blade normal to the test panel surface. With uniform pressure on the cutting too! and using the appropriate spacing guide (3.3), make the agreed number of cuts in the coating ata uniform cutting rate. All the cuts shall penetrate to the substrate surface. If, because of the hardness of the coating, it is not possible to penetrate to the substrate, the test shall be declared invalid and so reported. 6.2.4 Repeat this operation, making further parallel cuts of equal number, crossing the original cuts at 90° to them so that a lattice pattern is formed. 6.2.5 Brush the panel lightly with the soft brush (3.4) several limes backwards and several times forwards along each of the diagonals of the lattice pattern. 6.2.6 For hard substrates and for wood, apply additionally adhesive tape (3.5). If beginning a new series of tests, remove two complete laps from a reel of the adhesive tape and discard. Remove an additional length at a steady rate and cut @ piece approximately 75 mm long. Place the centre of the tape over the lattice in a direction parallel to one set of cuts as shown in Figure 3 and smooth the tape into place over the area of the lattice and for a distance of at least 20 mm beyond with 2 finger.EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) ‘To ensure good contact with the coating, rub the tape firmly with 2 fingertip or fingernail. The colour of the costing seen through the tape is a useful indication of overall contact. Within 5 min of applying the tape, remove the tape by grasping the free end and pulling it off steadily in 0.5 s to 1,0 s at an angle which is as close as possible to 80° (see Figure 3). NOTE 1 — Unless otherwise agreed, the operation of applying and removing the tape can be carried out more than once, depending on the kind of coating and the culting direction (important with the use of the motor-driven tool — see 6.3). NOTE 2 For coatings made up of more than one layer (e.g. automotive costings), it is recommended that the tape application and removal operation be cartied out al least once in each direction of the lattice pattern. NOTE 3 _ For one-layer coatings, e.g. electrodeposited coats (E-coats), a single tape application and removal operation can ba sufficient. However, for powder coatings, for instance, this is nat sufficient NOTE 4 _ tis recommended that the tape be retained for reference purposes, for example by attaching it to a sheet of transparent fim, a) Position of adhesive tape b) Position immediately prior to. with respect to grid removal from grid Key 1 tape 2 coating 3 cuts 4 substrate ® smoothed down. b Direction of removal Figure 3 — Positioning of adhesive tape 6.3 Cutting the coat 1g using a motor-driven tool If the cutting tool is used with a motor-driven apparatus, take care that the points described in the manual procedure are observed, particularly with respect to the number and spacing of the cuts and the number of tests. 10EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) 7 Supplementary test conditions For any particular application of the test method specified in this Intemational Standard, more details in addition to those in the preceding clauses might need to be given To enable the method to be carried out, the following information shall be supplied, as appropriate: a) the material, the thickness and the surface preparation of the substrate; b) the method of application of the coating material under test to the substrate, including the duration and conditions of drying between coats in the case of a multi-coat system; ¢) the duration and conditions of drying (or stoving) and ageing (if applicable) of the coating before testing; 4) the duration of conditioning of the test samples before starting the test (in the event of other tests having been performed beforehand on the same test specimens); ©) the thickness, in micrometres, of the dry coating and the method of measurement used in ISO 2808, and whether it is a single coat or multi-coat system; f) the temperature and relative humidity, if diferent from those indicated in 6.1.1; 9) the procedure to be carried out, i.e. whether itis a pass/fail or a classification test; h) the type of cutting tool used and the method of operation (manual or motor-driven); i) the performance required of the material in terms of the classification given in Table 1 ‘This information should preferably be agreed between the interested parties and may be derived, in part or totally, from an International or national standard or other document related to the product under test. Evaluate the results as follows: — soft substrates: immediately following brushing; — hard substrates and wood: immediately following removal of adhesive tape. Carefully examine the cut area of the test coating in good lighting using normal or corrected vision or, if agreed between the Interested parties, using a viewing lens (3.6). During the viewing process, rotate the panel so that the viewing and lighting of the test area are not confined to one direction. It can be useful to examine the tape in a similar manner. Classify the test area in accordance with Table 1, by comparison with the illustrations. NOTE Additional guidance is given by the descriptions in Table 1 In Table 1, a six-step classification is given. The first three steps are satisfactory for general purposes and are to be used when a pass/fail assessment is required. Special circumstances can arise, in which case the complete six-step ciassification will be necessary. For a multi-coat system, report the interface at which any flaking occurs. If test results differ, report each test result. In the case of a multi-coat system, report the site of separation {between coats or between coating and substrate). cEN ISO 2409:2007 (E) Table 1 — Classification of test results Classification Description’ Appearance of surface of cross-cut area from which flaking has occurred (Example for six parallel cuts) 7 The edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the squares of the lattice is detached, Detachment of small flakes of the coating at the 1 Intersections of the culs. A cross-cut area nat greater than 5 % Is affected. The coating has flaked along the edges andior at the 2 intersections of the cuts. A cross-cut area greater than 5%, but not greater than 15 %, is affected. The caating has flaked along the edges of the culs| partly or wholly in large ribbons, andor it has flaked| 3a Partly or wholly on different parts of the squares. A\ ‘cross-cut area greater than 18%, but not greater than 35%, is affected The coating has flaked along the edges of the culs in : large ribbons and/or some squares have detached| partly or wholly. A cross-cut area greater than 35 %, but ot greater than 65 %, is affected, 5 ‘Any degree of flaking that cannot even be classified by classification 4. 9 Precision 9.1 Repeatability li a The repeatability limit ris the value below which the absolute difference between two single test results, each ‘the mean of duplicates, can be expected to lie with a 95% probability when a method is used ‘under repeatability conditions, i.e. when the test results are obtained on identical material by one operator in one 'aboratory within a short interval of time. For this test method, ris 1 classification unit 9.2 Reproducibility limit, ‘The reproducibility limit R is the value below which the absolute difference between two single test results, each the mean of duplicates, can be expected to fie with a 95 % probability when a method is used under reproducibility conditions, i.e. when the test results are obtained on identical material by operators in different laboratories. For this test method, 2 is 2 classification units. 12EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) 410 Test report The test report shail contain at least the following information: a) ail information necessary to identify the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 2409:2007); ) the type of cutting tool use 4) the items of supplementary information referred to in Clause 7; 2) a reference to the international or national standard, product specification or other document supplying the information referred to in d); f) the results of the test, as indicated in Clause 8; 9) any deviations from the procedure specified; fh) any unusual features (anomalies) observed during the test; i) the date of the test.EN ISO 2409:2007 (E) (11 ia 14 Bibliography 1SO 4624, Paints and vamishes — Pull-off test for adhesion ISO 16276-2, Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems — Assessment of, and acceptance criteria for, the adhesion/cohesion (fracture strength) of a coating — Part 2: Cross-cut testing and X-cut testing