SUMMER INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME-2016
AXIS GLOBAL AUTOMATION:
Axis Global Automation plays a distinct role by providing various
automation solutions by catering to customers in the field of Process
Industries,Material Handling,Pharmaceuticals etc.
Axis Global Automation has geared its pace in the field of Industrial
Automation.The company has strategic alliances with leading MNC
brands like SIEMENS,ABB,DELTA,OMRON etc for distribution of
Industrial Automation products.
We,the students of NATIONAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE have attending
the “SUMMER INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME” at Axis Global Institute
of Industrial Training,Trichy from 23/05/2016 to 27/05/2016.
In this regard,we were listed the day-by-day activities during the
Internship Programme below.
DAY 1:
On the 1st day, the Resource Person Mr. Harish Reddy had discussed
about Relay and it’s application and Gate operation using Relays in
detail.
What is a RELAY?
A Relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an
electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating
principles are also used, such as Solid State Relays.
Solid State Relays control power circuits with no moving parts,
instead using a semi-conductor to perform switching.
A type of Relay that can handle the high power required to directly
control an electric motors or other loads is called a contactor.
Five Terminals of Relay : 1. Normally Open (NO).
2. Normally closed (NC).
3. Common (c).
4. Coil supply 1.
5. Coil supply 2.
The main fact is that the diameter of copper wire of the relay
decreases, there will be increase in magnetic induction and vice
versa.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF RELAY:
Then, the Introduction about Gates such as
AND,OR,NOT,NAND,NOR,XOR and XNOR and recall of it’s
operation by truth table.
APPLICATION:
Necessity in controlling a high power or high voltage circuit with a
low power circuit..Example: Telegraph lines.
Early Electro-mechanical computers used relays for logic and
working registers.
GATE OPERATION USING RELAYS:
The operation of gates which has been listed above was
implemented using relays.For Example, Exclusive OR gate operation
is given below.
DAY 2:
On the 2nd day,the Resource Person Mr.Harish Reddy had discussed
about Programmable logic controller(PLC) in detail.
What is a PLC?
A PLC is a digital computers used for automation of typically
industrial electro-mechanical processes such as control of machinery
on factory assembly lines.
Architecture of PLC:
There are two types of memory in PLC.They are system and
application memory.System memory monitors the status of PLC.
Application memory is of two types- program memory and data
memory. Application memory stores the program/logic and datas.
Scan time: Time interval between the input and the output.It gives
the efficiency of PLC.This must be minimum.
Communication cables used are USB,RS232,RS485,ETHERNET etc.
PLC Languages:
Based on IEC 61131(standard for industries).
Ladder Diagram.
Function block diagram.
Structurer text.
Flow chart.
Instruction list.
Normally,Ladder diagram method is widely used.
Ladder diagram:
Symbols:
Normally open:
Normally closed:
Output coil:
Rules followed(delta s/w):
Addressing the element is important.
Input device must be at hot rail and output devices at end rail.
Loads can’t be connected in series.
We can’t use a single output in multiple times in same program.
Feedback rule.
Input address can be repeated for ‘n’ numbers.
Input switches can be connected in series,parallel and both.
Overlooping or overlapping is not practiced.
Sub rung must always below the main rung.
Power flow.(i.e) flows from phase to neutral.
Gates operation using PLC:
The operation of gates had implemented using PLC. For example:
AND gate operation is verified by below diagram.
Many logics were solved using ladder diagram logic.such as
1. S1 ON L1 ON,L2 ON.
S2 ON L1 ON,L2 ON.
2. S1 ON L1 ON,L2 ON.
S2 ON L1 ON,L2 OFF,L3 ON.
S3 ON L1,L2,L3,L4,L5 are ON.
S4 ON L5 OFF.
3.
Latching:
Delatching:
Timer:
Three types of timer.
ON delay timer.
OFF delay timer.
Retention timer.
Only upto 256 timers can be used,not exceeds that.
Where T0 represents Timer addressing.
DAY 3:
On the 3rd day, the Resource Person Mr.Harish Reddy had simulated
some application oriented logics using delta software and PLC wiring
in detail.
For delta software:
Input X0—X377
Output Y0—Y377
Memory coil M0—M4095
Timer T0—T255
COUNTER C0 – C255
Temporary register D0 – D9999
Status register(S)
Constant(K)
Float(F)
Hexa(H)
Traffic control using PLC had been simulated using delta software.
Same logics is repeated but use of single timer.
Counter:
Three types of counters.
Up counter.
Down counter.
Up-down counter.
Where C0 represents counter addressing.
Wiring:
Wiring is of two types- power wiring and control wiring. control
wiring is of two types – field wiring and PLC wiring.
