NECKLACE HHO V

Status of research on hho

Were examined in time, research in the field of HHO gas, although in a

completely handmade and by individual more or less experts, who started
the Research on realizing small electrolysers using distilled water mixed
with an electrolyte.
Then it was concentrated the search to
the right frequency to be given to the
current flowing in the plates to improve
the efficiency of the units, and it was
found that with the right frequencies,
one can generate Hydrogen and Oxygen
"monatomic" rather than the more
ordinary molecules diatomic of these two gases.
However, when the monoatomic gas molecules are burned, they produce
about four times the production of energy produced by the combustion of
the same diatomic molecule most common of these gases.
Approximately 4% of diatomic hydrogen in the air is needed to produce
the same power as gasoline, while a slightly lower amount, about 1% of
diatomic hydrogen in air is sufficient to produce the same power, the only
drawback is that when stored at pressure, monatomic hydrogen reverts to
its more common diatomic form.
To avoid this, the gas must be produced "on demand" (on-demand) and
used immediately.
Finally, the best electrolytes to be used are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and
potassium hydroxide (KOH), we can only say that the sodium hydroxide
works well and is much easier to obtain (the lye is located in most major
warehouses) compared to the slightly more efficient potassium hydroxide.

1
It must, however, pay close attention to the materials that are used for
building the entire system, because you have to be absolutely sure that
they are compatible with the electrolyte chosen to use. The acrylic
Plexiglas is the one that is most commonly used and, importantly, never
use glass containers for mixing and / or storage of potassium hydroxide.

More cells in series are used to divide the voltage for each cell and limit
the current flow in order to reduce the production of water vapor, this
type of connection is based on the large total surface area of the resulting
cells to obtain the required volume of HHO gas to send to the motor.
It 's very important to understand that if an engine is originally designed
to work with fossil derived fuel, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or
other, for the addition of HHO gas inside the injection will create a valve
overheating unless the engine does not have the appropriate valves for
the new fuel or who do not take an additional cooling of some sort.
This is a problem due to the design of the valves on the part of the vehicle
manufacturers, not something harmful due to the combustion of the gas
HHO in general, as the same manufacturer, to prevent their cars from
being changed in order to have a high mileage plan the same so that, if
not cooled by fossil fuel not burned in the combustion chamber, is heated
and become inefficient.
An important point that has not been discussed in detail, is the effect of
electronic injection systems (EFIE) in installed in new vehicles.

There is a fairly wide range of types and

models, but basically the most modern
cars are equipped with an electronic
processor, commonly called ECU
(Electronic Control Unit), which controls

2
the amount of fuel injected into an engine.
These systems are designed to examine the contents of the exhaust gas,
and if the analysis indicates that the stoichiometric fuel / air ratio
is rather thin, the computer increases the fuel flow into the engine.
If the vehicle has been converted to work only with HHO gas, then there is
no problem, but if the gas is used to improve the quality of the fuel
mixture and allow a reduction in fossil fuel consumption taken from the
vehicle, the computer will work stifling any gain in performance and
cleaning injecting most fossil fuel to return the exhaust gas mixture to
that which is set at the factory.
If nothing is done about this, then, the improvements obtained using a
unit that produces HHO gas will be canceled by the vehicle computer. The
details of how the on-board computer and what you can do to deal with it
will form another chapter that will be the subject of gradual deepening.

HHO what should I use?

First of all, let me start by making a bold statement: Nearly all users of
HHO systems are using too much HHO.
I often get asked how much HHO produce the best mileage earnings for a
particular car or a truck.
Years ago, we used the following formula: 1/4 liter per minute per liter of
displacement.
For example, if you have a 2-liter engine, you need 0.5 LPM HHO.

In practice it is a good formula to use, because most of the people using

flowmeters measure HHO ball or with the plastic bottle test.
These tests are not very accurate, and they tend to read higher than the
actual flows.
So, this being said, the formula works quite well.

3
We then found that the correct amount of HHO be used is close to 1/8 of a
liter per minute per liter of displacement.
But measuring the HHO flow it should be performed with more precise
equipment calibrated specifically for HHO.
For example, there is a measuring range of scientific whose cost is about
$ 1,500, and is specifically calibrated for HHO (as well as about 40 other
gas), which compensates the gas flow reading up to 22 ° C, no matter
what the actual temperature of the gas.
When we compare the readings made with the scientific measuring
accuracy with a ball flow meter, it appears that the latter counter shows
about double the flow, while the test with the plastic bottle, also show
course also much higher.
Now, while it is true that some cells are more efficient than others, the
difference between them is not very excessive, despite the wide
divergence in specifications of the manufacturers.
In most cases, these differences are due to inaccuracies in the
measurement process.
In some cases, moreover, the manufacturers reported excessively high
flow rate, although, probably, do not lie on what they read on their
flowmeters.
However, in these cases you will notice that they sottodimensionano their
cells, making the very hot gas output with consequent considerable
development of vapor which alters the measurement of the overall flow.
Indeed, the very fact of being warm leads the consequence of misleading
the flow meter, doubling, sometimes, the "flow rate" even though now it is
not in the purest reality HHO.
This "coupled" with the steam makes the gas less effective in improving
the mileage savings compared to another cell that maybe produce 1/4 of
the volume of gas but more HHO for Amperes.

4
If you can not comfortably hold your hand on the cell after it is heated,
then it is only a steamer.
Then, when the cell should not be in overheating (condition that makes
the "steam"), you can actually get a measurement of flow close enough to
the right amount of HHO from the instrument indication.
In these optimal conditions, if the cell
will absorb approximately 5 amperes
will go well on engines ranging from
1.5 to 1.8 liters; 12 amps go well on
engines 5 liter and 15 amps will work
on larger engines from 6 to 7 liters.
For trucks on 15 liters, we use 1.25 to
1.5 LPM, and we apply a current of
about 25 amps to obtain them.
In practice you should slowly try adjusting the amperage to see which
gives the best mileage gains.
This operation, will not cause variations in the efficiency of the cell, but it
will be appreciated that the right amount of HHO will be one that will give
the best performance in fuel savings and that an increase dell'HHO, from
that point, will begin to reduce the mileage earned.
Next, add another HHO will only negate the effects of the fuel economy.
It’s good to add that today some providers to test and certify their
dall'IHHOI cells (HHO International Institute), so that you can use the LPM
1/8 formula with safety as for all of flow tests on cells, it is used a very
precise and specific flowmeter for HHO (scientific Alicat) as already
described above.

The results published dall'IHHOI are the

only ones that are not inflated because
almost all providers feel obliged to show

5
increased numbers, otherwise their cell "is not good.
Unfortunately, today, the whole industry is currently working on false
standards of efficiency and flow that can be overcome in two ways:
1) to deal with suppliers who are certified by IHHOI;
2) used the amperage that corresponds to the HHO to use as indicated by
the manufacturer, provided that the cell appears not hot to the touch after
a while it is in operation.

The "Smack Booster"

The style of booster described above has the advantages of a high

electrical efficiency and ease of construction, since a few particular pieces
and a large volume of electrolyte for the cell.
However, there are many other very successful booster designs which
have very different forms of construction.
One of these is the "Smack Booster" where the electric plates are joined
together and placed inside a plastic tube:

The benefits of this project are very simple construction, compact size,
reasonable performance and the fact that you can buy one ready if
desired.

6
You can download a free copy of the construction details from
http://www.free-energy-info.tuks.nl/Smack.pdf

The electrical efficiency of this design is lowered a little bit because only a
single container is used for the electrolyte and so the current can bypass
the plates.
The overall performance is a respectable 1.3 lpm for 20 amps, although it
is possible to lower the current and settle for about half of the HHO gas
production rate.
The construction of a 5 lpm version is freely given to the following URL:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqjn3mup1So

The "Hotsabi" Booster

Another device that is very easy to build is the ' "HotSabi" booster, which
is formed from a single threaded rod inside a plastic tube with an inner
lining of stainless steel.
It has the electrical efficiency as low as possible since only a single cell
with the vehicle voltage connected directly laterally, but despite this his
performance on a road vehicle has been remarkable, with a registered
50% improvement in Km / l with a capacity of 5 liters / min.
This excellent performance is probably due to the design having a steam
trap which removes the hot water vapor produced by excessive heating
caused by the fact of having only a single cell with so much voltage
applied (remember, 90% of the power supplied to this booster design It
goes to heat the electrolyte).

7
The designer of this booster has shared its design, and free of
construction equipment projects can be downloaded from:
http://www.free-energy-info.tuks.nl/Hotsabi.pdf

Electrolyzer "Zach West"

Zach West in the United States, has produced an electrolyser for

motorcycles 250 cc motorcycle named Zach, Zach estimated to produce
1.7 liters per minute of HHO gas, even if it seems far too high for the
current flow.
This device having as output of the electricity system to 6V of a
motorcycle, it can only be very limited and, therefore, its battery will
slowly deteriorate over time.

8
However, the design of the electrolyzer Zach is interesting, both for its
simplicity and for the highest gas production rate.
The highest volume of gas that would be obtained if it were adapted to a
2-volt electrical system, it would be very interesting especially if combined
with a David Quirey system, which allows the gas, resulting from a
modification to the electrical system, to function in unmodified engines, as
shown later in this chapter.
The method that uses Zach is somewhat unusual in relation to how
manages to bleed and discard most of the oxygen product, this means
that the resulting gas is mainly hydrogen which is much less explosive of
the HHO which is already in perfect proportions to return in water and it is
so highly reactive.
By contrast, the gas can be compressed resulting in a reasonably safe,
and Zach compresses to about 2 atm in a storage container, allowing an
acceleration from standstill at the traffic lights.
Zach uses a simple modular construction style in which a series of pairs of
spiral electrodes are inserted, each, inside a plastic tube.
This is a design that is neither difficult nor particularly expensive to build.
Broadly, the Zach electrolyser is fed by water coming from a tank, so as
to keep it always full.

The electrolyzer box contains more pairs of electrodes which divide the
water into hydrogen and oxygen when they are fed with pulses of
electrical current generated by the electronics, which is supplied by the
electrical system of the motorcycle.
The gas produced by electrolysis is fed to a double bubble trap, which
prevents any accidental ignition of the gas and also eliminates most of the
oxygen acting as a "separator gas".
The provision reads:

9
The HHO gas production by electrolysis is not sent directly to the motor,
but instead to a pressure tank that can compress up to about 2 atm
before the engine is started.
Most of the oxygen produced by the electrolysis is disposed through a
unidirectional valve of 2 Atm that is used to maintain the pressure inside
the bubble trap (and the electrolyser) at the level of 2 Atm.
This pressure is excessive for a high yield of an electrolyzer which
produces HHO, as it is highly electrically charged and may explode
spontaneously, if compressed, because of its own electrical charge.
In this simple direct current electrolyzer, the HHO gas is mixed with a
certain amount of water vapor that it dilutes and allows it a certain
compression.
The water supply system operates by means of an airtight tank of place
at a higher level to the electrolyzer.
A small diameter plastic tube (6 mm), coming from the water tank,
feeding from the top the electrolyzer, keeping stable its level exactly at
the level of the electrolyte surface wanted in each of the electrolyzer
tubes.
When the electrolysis lowers the electrolyte level below the water inlet
nozzles, the gas bubbles pass in the feed water pipe, allowing the same to

10
flow out from the tank by increasing the level of the electrolyte surface
which, consequently , returns to its theoretical position.
This is a very neat passive system and without the need for moving parts,
electrical or electronic power supply, but which accurately controls the
electrolyte level.
A key point to understand is that the water tank must be rigid so that it
does not buckle its walls and the cap must be airtight to prevent the
entire water content is in the electrolyzer with drains the dell'HHO
pressure.
Another point to remember during filling of the water tank is that the tank
contains a mixture of air and HHO gas above the water surface and not
just normal air, and that the gas mixture is at a pressure of 2 Atm.
Now, to understand the drawing in detail, this electrolyzer, to 6 volts,
contains eight electrode pairs, these pairs of electrodes are rolled up
around them in a "Swiss roll" style and inserted into a tube of 50 mm
diameter plastic and 250 mm in height.
The electrodes are each made from a strip of Shimstock 316L-grade
stainless steel, 250 mm x125 mm easy to cut and work.
The Shimstock is provided by a steel supplier or at a local hardware
company in a very thin metal sheet.
Each electrode is cleaned thoroughly and, wearing rubber gloves, sanded
in a crossed direction with coarse sandpaper to produce a large number of
microscopic lines on the metal surface.
This increases the surface area and provides a wall that makes it easier to
detach the gas bubbles and rise to the surface.
The electrodes are rinsed with clean water and then twisted together,
using spacers to keep the necessary space between the plates in order to
form the desired shape.
The whole is then inserted into a plastic tube, as shown below:

11
Since the metal is elastic and pushes towards the outside in an attempt to
straighten up again, you must insert the spacers to keep the evenly
separated along their whole length by inserting electrodes 3mm thick
rubber strips.
The connections to the plates are made by means of a hole in a corner of
the plate in which is inserted several times of the electric wire, twisting it
back on itself and making a joint of the welding wire on both sides of the
steel.
The joint is then insulated with silicone or any other suitable material.
It is, of course, essential that the coupling face not short-circuit with the
other electrode as this electrode is very close.

12
It 'always difficult to make a good electrical connection to the stainless
steel plates if space is limited as in this case, and the electric wire is
wound tightly through the hole and then welded and isolated, the welding
is only on the wire and does not connect stainless steel.
A special feature of this design is that each of the electrode pairs is
effectively a separate electrolyser by the other if, obviously, is effectively
and physically isolated from the other electrodes.
The water is supplied through the upper cap which has, furthermore, a
hole to allow the gas to escape.
The electrical-wire (d = 2.1 to 2.0 mm) are fed through the base that is
sealed to prevent electrolyte leakage.
Each of these units has the electrodes illustrated previously and,
therefore, there is no possibility that some part of the electrode surface is
not able to generate gases.

There is also a large amount of freeboard to contain splashes and sloshing

electrolyte, without that may escape from the container.
The caps are standard PVC caps available from the supplier of PVC pipe,
such as PVC glue used to seal the pipe.
Eight of these electrodes are placed in a simple container and connected
together in pairs, as shown here:

13
Pairs of spiral electrodes, enclosed in tubes, are connected in a chain
inside the electrolyser as shown here:

Many years of experimentation and testing have shown that 316L

stainless steel is the best material for the electrodes but, surprisingly,
stainless steel is highly conductive as you would expect.

Each electrode causes approximately half a volt voltage drop, and so a

careful surface preparation, cleaning and conditioning are needed to
obtain maximum performance from the electrodes.
This process is described in detail from the highly experienced Bob Boyce
says:

14
The device that Zach has used is very simple, using material available and
cheap as the PVC piping.
The spiral electrodes are inside a tube of 5cm in diameter and Zach says
that for the bubbler will use a similar tube of 5 cm in diameter PVC.
Actually, I have serious doubts that with 5 cm in diameter bubble trap is
able to handle such a high flow as 1.7 liters which is really considerable,
also bubbles must be smaller than the bubble trap so that the gas can
come completely in contact with the water, the consequence would be
appropriate to utilize more bubblers while the design it shows only one.
Zach, then, only uses a bubble trap, but a second one is highly desirable,
located between the fuel tank and the engine and positioned closer to the
engine as possible.
This extra bubble trap serves two things, especially prevents the gas in
the tank from being turned on by a backfire caused by a slightly open the
suction valve and, secondly, removes all traces of residual KOH from the
gas, protecting the life of the engine.
This is a great advantage for a simple doubling of bubblers.
The gas storage tank is made of PVC pipes, this time, from 100 mm
diameter, 350 mm in length with standard caps, fixed in position with glue
for PVC, as shown below.
This is a compact and effective arrangement suitable for use on a
motorcycle, most of this equipment, on request, can be mounted in the
motorcycle panniers, which is a good arrangement.

15
The electrolyzer power supply comes from a Pulse Width Modulator ( "DC
Motor speed controller"), this particular electronic component operates at
up to 15 Amperee, but Zach added another 15 Amp using a FET
transistors in parallel to the output stage to increase the current capacity
to 30 Amperee.

A fuse protects everyone from accidental short circuits and a relay is used
to control when the electrolyser must produce gas.
The connection cable is d = 2.1 to 2.0 mm which has a maximum
continuous current capacity of just under ten amperes, so even if the peak
current can be 20 amperes, the average current is much lower.
Two electromagnets outside the bubbler and positioned at about 65 mm
above the base, are connected in series to the power supply of the
electrolyzer, and this causes that more oxygen and hydrogen bubbles to
separate and come out of the bubbler through different pipes.

There is a divider through the bubble trap to help keep the separated
gases above the water surface.
The bubble trap, also washes the majority of the residues of KOH as the
bubbles rise to the surface, protecting the motor of which would have a
destructive effect.

16
The goal with any HHO system is to have the minimum amount of gas
between the bubble trap and the engine so as to block the ignition of the
gas in the unlikely event of a backfire.
In this system, the gas tank contains a large amount of gas, although it
certainly is not full of HHO gas thanks to the separation system with the
electromagnet but, however, it would be desirable to have a second
bubble trap between the gas tank and the motor, positioned closer to the
engine as possible.
We observe that the HHO gas produces high-speed shock waves when it is
switched on, so the bubble trap must be of robust construction to endure.
No pressure cap Bubbler or venting device is durable enough to contain a
wave of HHO shock, so you should be sure to make the Bubbler body
strong enough to withstand the pressure wave.

The electrolyser design by Zach is like this:

One must realize that the water tank, the electrolyzer, the bubble trap /
separator and the compressed hydrogen tank, must operate at a pressure
of about 2 atm.
This means that each of these containers must be sturdy enough to
withstand such pressure easily, and also means that the one-way check

17
valve on the oxygen vent line to 2 Atm is an essential part of the design,
as well as being a safety feature .
We observe that by electrolysis of a gas bubble goes back into the water
tank every time a drop of water feeds the same electrolyzer, consequently
the content of the water tank above the surface becomes a more
concentrated mixture of air and HHO, circumstance which means that
soon becomes an explosive mixture.
It is common to a static electricity buildup on a tank of this type, so it will
be very important to ground both the tank and the cap before opening it
for topping up with water.
The electrolyzer has a KOH solution in its interior, the electrolysis process
produces a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen, dissolved gases (air) and of
potassium KOH residues.
When the system is in use, the water in the bubble trap eliminates the
majority of the residues of KOH and, by so doing, gradually becomes itself
an electrolyte.
Furthermore, the potassium hydroxide is a true catalyst that while
promoting the electrolysis process is not used during the electrolysis and,
therefore, is not consumed if not passing in the bubble trap.
In substance, the standard practice is to pour from time to time the
contents of the bubble trap in the electrolyzer, filling the bubble trap again
with fresh water.
The potassium hydroxide was proven to be the most effective catalyst for
electrolysis but has a bad effect on the engine if it were to enter it.

The bubble trap is very effective in removing the residues of KOH, but
many people prefer to continue the wash process with a step further
putting another bubble trap in the second line, in this case, between the
pressure tank of hydrogen and the motor; with two bubblers no residual
KOH can reach the engine.

18
When the power of the HHO gas is used as the sole fuel, it is essential to
adjust the timing of the spark so that it occurs at top dead center (TDC).
The timing of this spark in motion is usually set to 8 degrees after TDC,
however, if we introduce a David Quirey style model of HHO bubbling
through a liquid such as acetone, you will not be needed any timing
variation.
This electrolyzer is designed to operate in a nominal six-volt electrical
system for motorcycles (about 7.3 volts with the engine running), but
increasing the number of internal electrodes, will convert the system to
operate in a 12V machine, and then the electrolyser housing would
probably be like this:

They can, also, that the seven groups of three or four parallel wired
spirals can be used for larger engines with their electrical systems of 13.8
volts.
Zach uses a very simple method which allows excess gas to be discharged
through the oxygen valve if gas production exceeds the motor absorption
requirements.
When operating in a twelve volt system may be more convenient to use a
standard pressure switch which opens an electrical connection when the

19
gas pressure exceeds the value of such a switch: The switch is mounted
on only one of the pressure tank and tested the electric switch connection
is placed between the relay and the electrolyser.

If the gas pressure reaches its maximum value of 2 Atm the switch opens,
stopping electrolysis until the pressure drops again:

Warning: this electrolyser is not a toy.

They realized and used one, you do so at your own risk.

The designer of the electrolyzer, nor

the author of this document or
Internet video provider is liable if
you were to suffer loss or damage
through your actions.

20
Although there is believed to be entirely safe in the creation and
utilization of an electrolyser of this type, and they scrupulously
observe the safety instructions below, it is emphasized that the
responsibility is yours and yours alone.

An electrolyzer should not be considered as a block device, it is necessary

to remember also that the safety devices, both electrical and gas are an
essential part of such a plant.
The safety of electrical devices are a switch (such as that used by any
electrician at home) cabling for protection against accidental short-
circuits, and a relay for making sure that the booster does not operate
when the engine is not in operation:

The "Duplex" device developed by Bill Williams

A project of a completely submerged electrolyser was created by Bill

Williams in the US, and is another different style of HHO gas production:

21
The construction details for this device can be downloaded for free from
the web using the link:
http://www.free-energy-info.tuks.nl/DuPlex.pdf

There are many other projects, including those with concentric tubes,
each of which has its advantages and disadvantages, some are
commercially available as ready-made devices, and there are links to
these boosters on the above websites, as well as a general forum on
boosters to:

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/watercar/

and another to:

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/HHO/

where people will answer all your questions.

A big problem with the use of boosters is that if the HHO gas volume is
greater than that strictly necessary to burn the unburned part of the
mixture, the electronic control unit of the vehicle ( "ECU") will detect it by

22
starting the pumping of fuel to compensate and improve the conditions of
the carburettor.
How to cope with this situation is shown in the free document can be
downloaded from:
http://www.free-energy-tuks.nl/D17.pdf

L 'electrolyzer "Hogg" Selwyn Harris

An interesting project is the Hogg electrolyser as designed by Australian

Selwyn Harris.
The Hogg cell has two electrodes of stainless steel mesh rolled around
themselves, this gives a large surface to the electrodes inserted in a very
compact container.

In this version of the drawing,

there are six identical cells
that fuel a big bubbler, for
clarity are shown only two of
the six electrolyzer cells.
Items marked with a blue dot
are only one of the three
identical pieces, like the three
filters from where comes out
the electrolyte sucked from
the bottom of the one bubbler respectively by three separate pumps, and
the two electrolyzer cells marked "1" and "2" with associated pipes and
four-way valves that are similar to other electrolytic cells from "3" to "6",
which are not shown in this diagram.

23
These three identical groups are connected to the central bubbler, spaced
uniformly around 120 degrees and positioned horizontally as shown
schematically here:

The water is circulated through the set

of cells using three small pumps and
there are two water manifolds made on
the bottom of the bubbler.
In addition, as 'electrolyte' it is used
rainwater, and each electrolysis cell is
completely filled with electrolyte as
this is the principle of this electrolyte
circulation.
Experience has shown that the water may contain a considerable amount
of material, that is why each of the three pumps has its own filter to trap
any particles coming from the cells.
The filters are common irrigation filters in transparent plastic filled to
three quarters of their length with a plastic sponge end.
A key feature of the cell design is the use of two neodymium magnets per
cell.
These act directly on the water, causing a significant increase in gas
production rate.
The magnets have their North poles facing towards one another.
The two mesh electrodes are made of stainless steel wire with a diameter
of 0.32 mm and tissues so as to obtain holes of 2 mm between the wires
in a total sheet thickness of 0.65 mm.

These dimensions are important as other mesh sizes and other styles do
not give such a good result, also the electrodes are wider at one end to

24
form a tab connection that allows an easy electrical connection to each
electrode and are then connected in parallel so that each cell get 12 volts,
as shown here:

The two network electrodes are cut in this way:

and:

The mesh material looks like this:

25
The six electrolyzer cells and the only big bubbler, are built using normal
plastic plumbing materials.
The connecting pipes are clear plastic, heat-resistant and of 12 mm
diameter, the bubbler is also built with fittings for plastic pipes:

As some have difficulty seeing the way in which the electrodes are
combined, it may be useful this example sketch:

26
The two electrodes are kept separated by the use of small diameter fiber
washers held in place between them in strategic points using super glue.
The same shirt is then treated by immersion in citric acid in order to make
it work well with rainwater.
There are, then, three of these pairs of cells in the electrolyzer, each pair
is connected to the upper header tank.
The water pumped out of each cell, is then passed through one of three
filters before entering the collector tank which feeds the small pump
required to maintain the circulation of water which, subsequently, is
filtered to remove any particles that are present therein .
When used with the rain water accumulated in a barrel, this seems
electrolyser needs only 1.4 amperes per cell, for a total quantity of about
115 watts with a 12 volt power supply.

27
While the rain water should be pure presumably, in reality it is rare that
really has the ability to conduct a current which varies greatly from place
to place and even more widely from country to country.
If one decides to build this electrolyzer, you will find that you do not get
anything flowing through each cell with only 1.4 A and then may need to
add a small amount of electrolyte in the water in order to obtain a current
flow with 1, 4 amps at 12 volts for the cell.
The production of this HHO electrolyzer, is said to be able to run a small
electric generator, but this still has not been confirmed.

Advanced Boosters DC

All practical construction details on electrical safety, gas safety, engine

connections, type of water, safe mixing of electrolyte, etc. was already
discussed and apply to all types of electrolysers and boosters of each
project, then you can well understand that these are universal
characteristics that must be well understood when using any booster
design.
It is possible to produce large volumes of HHO gas from a DC booster,
enough gas to power a small engine solely with it.
For this, we need to pay attention to the efficiency factors already covered
in this document.
Someone very experienced in this field is Bob Boyce, who kindly shared
his experience and expertise freely with people who want to use serious
electrolysers.
The attention of Bob for the details in the construction of electrolyzers
high performance has allowed an efficiency that is more than double that
of the famous Michael Faraday that many scientists consider the last word
on electrolysis.

28
The electrolyzer of Bob Boyce High Efficiency

We are moving from the "common" style of booster style "serious"

electrolyzer, in this category you will find that the units built are not
cheap, the weight will have a great importance, require considerable skill
to build them and are usually quite large physically.
I will mention here two designs, primarily the well-known design from Bob
Boyce.
For this electrolyser, Bob takes as solid electrodes of stainless steel plates
which also serve as the cell walls.
This is a smart technique but requires a very high level of manufacturing
accuracy to make a box with slots on the side and at the base, so that the
stainless steel plates can be inserted in the container and also ensure a
tight seal between the cells, preventing the electrical current to bypass
the parts that flow around them.
The number of cells in the electrolyzer depends on the DC power supply
voltage that is produced by the electrical part of the vehicle.
This higher voltage is created using a common "inverter" which produces
high voltage alternating current ( "AC") outgoing, equivalent to the
electricity supply of the local network.
In the US, the voltage produced is in the range 110-120 volts, elsewhere
is in the range of 220-230 volts.
The AC output of any inverter, it changes back to DC via a component
called "diode bridge" and a device called a capacitor.
When this is done, the resulting DC voltage is approximately 41% greater
than the original AC voltage, then with 110 volts, the inverter will produce
about 155 volts and 220 volts to about 310 volts.
Since it takes about 2 volts per cell, the number of cells would be about
80 or 150 depending on which voltage is used.

29
This number of sheets of stainless steel, each of 100 mm / square size,
create a substantial weight which then is increased by the weight of the
container and the electrolyte.
The general arrangement (without the capacitor) is like this:

A high-precision box for this style of electrolyser can be taken by Ed

Holdgate of Florida, who also shared his methods of construction,
download if you want to play as experienced manufacturers:

And web site is:

http://www.holdgateenterprises.com/hydrogen.htm

each container is handmade.

30
The gas production rate is so high that the gas outlet pipe has to have
holes along the top to try to avoid splashing and humidity caused by the
underlying bubbles burst at the surface of the electrolyte in a way very
fast.
The high Bob electrolyzer efficiency is due to his meticulous preparation
and to methods of construction.
You will notice that Bob recommends the use of a particle filter of 1-
micron, between the motor and the HHO system that, in addition to
ensuring that everything that enters the engine is very clean, also acts as
a return prevention of flame because the flame can not pass.
In the first place, the stainless steel plates are treated with sandpaper to
cross to create a shaped slab surface that contributes to the high release
speed of the bubbles; secondly, the plates are subjected to a rigorous
process of "cleaning" in which they are subjected to repeated periods of
electrolysis followed by rinsing particles from plates and filter with
electrolytic solution.
When more further particles do not detach from the plates, they are then
subjected to a "conditioning" process to develop a catalytic layer on their
surface.
This device and its construction details are contained in the document
below to download free, thanks to Bob's generosity in sharing his
experience with us:

http://www.free-energy-info.tuks.nl/D9.pdf

and there is a forum for Bob's design:

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/WorkingWatercar/

where are the answers to the questions.

31
Peter Lindemann - Lawn mower with running water only

Peter Lindemann showed that a very simplified version of Stan injection

system, allows small engines to operate directly with water alone.
Let me suggest that it is not the water that causes the explosion but,
instead, that the high power of the spark causes the dissociation of a part
of the water vapor, producing hydrogen and oxygen and then ignited,
transforming the rest of the water vapor in the flash -vapore, by operating
the engine as a steam internal combustion engine, the video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3NE8P0sPS8

shows an operation of mower engine with a spark that occurs ten or

eleven degrees before Top Dead:

Developed in collaboration with the EnergeticForum, the technique is

based on the operation conceived by Aaron / Gotoluc with the circuit
shown in this video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOhNtRhJ5Rw

although the aforementioned "DirectHits" spark, shown here:

http://www.pulstar.com/directhits.cfm

32
It could make the device easier.
Obviously, the use of this technology to operate a standard electric
generator would be an important goal, especially since there appears to
be little need to adjust the ignition timing than other methods.

High-current electrolyzer - Peter Lowrie System

Peter Lowrie of New Zealand, has developed an electrolysis system for

internal combustion engines.
As with previous systems, Peter feeds with a spray of atomized water
droplets the engine, using a carburettor fed by a tank of water.
It is fed, also, with a bit 'of exhaust gas and HHO gas, a technique that is
almost identical to Stan Meyer method.
Peter, therefore, also produces a very large volume of the HHO gas with a
more unusual method.
Use a GEC marine alternator (though says that the alternator of a truck
would be equal), and modified by removal of the diodes inside it and
bringing each of the three windings of phase-out to its electronics.
Furthermore, use each of the three phase windings for supplying an
electrolysis cell, by applying only 2 volts, or so, to 'winding into DC
alternator, which is about the minimum voltage that allows the alternator
to work.
The DC current supplied is less than one ampere while the pulsed current
to the electrolysis cells is much higher.
When a current pulse surrounds the wires that go to the cells, a current of
at least 800 amperes is displayed.
A point of particular interest is the inductor (coil) placed between the
electrolytic cells and the alternator windings.
Peter describes it as a damper of one of the 3 phases of power, industrial,
and is composed of a laminated steel core with a copper foil wrapped

33
around it, very similar to the arrangement used by Stan Meyer and
already described previously.
Peter has run a car engine of 1,600 cc at 5,500 rpm with the gas output
from his cells.
Furthermore, he believes that his method in gas output cascading from
the cells, to produce a more active form of HHO gas.
It also uses a heat exchanger that allows discharges to preheat the HHO
gas before being sent to the engine (a method also used by Stan Meyer
for the drive operation with water alone).
Peter also uses valves driven by pulses to control the flow of gas to the
engine, as shown here:

The electrolyzer of Charles Garrett

A Charles Garrett has been granted US Patent 2,006,676, July 2, 1935 in

which he shows some impressive details.

34
First, it has generated an electrical additional input by inserting a second
(6 volt) alternator to his car.
The design, then, shows that the applied voltage can reverse the polarity,
even if not abruptly but only from time to time, to cope with any
deterioration of the electrodes, moreover, has been ensured the
maintenance of the water level in the chamber electrolysis with a good
carburetor system with float equipped with a needle valve.
It has, therefore, improved electrolysis introducing a perforated pipe
below the electrode plates, allowing the engine to suck air from the top of
the plates.
The sucked air, cools the electrolyte (water with some drops of
hydrochloric acid) introducing water vapor in the gas mixture and quickly
removing the bubbles from the sheets, without the need for any additional
mechanical device.

Whereas it did 85 years ago, it is an impressive body of work.

35
Note that, while in the figure are shown only five sheets of electrodes, in
reality it is likely that many other slabs have been used since the volume
of gas is directly proportional to the area of the plates.
One thing that must be recognized, however, is that the very smallest car
of that time had the capacity engines and hence they needed to HHO gas
mixtures much less to make them work properly.

The electrolyzer of Archie Blue

More than fifty years after Charles Garrett has been granted the patent,
another one was granted to Archie Blue.
By comparing the two devices described in patents, shows that operate in
much the same way.
The electrolyzer of Archie is very simple to construct and uses electrolysis
directly without any attempt to pulse the power supply.
As Charles Garrett, also Archie Blue claimed to have operated a car only
with water with his draft electrolyzer, shown below:

36
With this apparatus, the air is sucked from the outlet pipe from the vehicle
engine, and is subsequently placed in the electrolyzer with a pump.
The air circulates through the center tube and is forced through the non-
aligned holes of the electrode plates, causing turbulence and, probably,
the water-gas crystal formation.
The air bubbles are mixed with swirling motion to the electrolyte, by
removing the hydrogen and the oxygen bubbles that are formed on the
plates as a result of current flow through the electrolyte.
It is said that six of these electrolysis unit are sufficient to operate a
machine using only water as fuel!
It has already been said, that the electrolysis of water is optimal at 1.5
volts, so it may be more efficient to connect the units in series, where
each unit receives 2 volts, rather than in parallel, where each unit 12
receives volts (unless, of course, the heating caused by the parallel
connection is a very high efficiency factor of the Archie Blue system):

The air connection is the same for both of the cells wiring methods
(parallel or series).

37
If connected in series, the voltage drop of each cell may not be the same
even if it were built in the same way!
In the oil companies influenced the local courts to the extent that, the
United States, in some states, it is a crime "to operate a vehicle with a
fuel not recognized by the insurance companies."
It is said that in the early days, Henry Ford was about to realize his Model-
T that was going out of fuel using a project of Nikola Tesla with a magnet
system and an electric motor, but was pushed to use an internal
combustion engine burning gasoline that was a desired component by the
local oil industry!
This caused a problem for long trips because then there were very few gas
stations, but to overcome the problem, the first cars were built so you can
run either on petrol or alcohol produced by some 50,000 farmers
scattered across the country.
When the oil industry has discovered what was profitable to sell gasoline,
they have opened many filling stations and wanted to exclude farmers
bringing all the profits for them, with the consequent ban for Americans
drinking alcohol (this was the pretext of prohibition !), but really to close
the 50,000 alcohol distilleries that were their competitors.
When they closed all the distilleries, Prohibition was abolished because
already the oil industry, had achieved the goal of a monopoly on fuel for
vehicles.

L 'electrolyzer Paul Zigouras

In its document, Moray draws attention to the HHO cell project American
Paul Zigouras who became well known in 2011 because of his cell, which
is perfectly capable of running with water only a marine engine with 320
horsepower !

38
Paul, from thirty years old, had a workshop repair of marine engines,
which then sold it, and was interested all'HHO by a friend who had
participated in a competition for the car with the highest performance in
Km / l.
Paul discovered that with the addition of HHO in the intake air that enters
the car engine, could get about 30 Km / l in plan with a prudent driving.
But their goal was to 43 Km / l and, therefore, you indispettirono to be at
only 13 Km / l far from its target.
Paul does not lose heart, and decided to work sull'HHO see what he could
achieve with the help of a knowledgeable friend in electronics.
Probably without understanding the underlying causes, were able to
exploit some of the principles of operation-cavitation, water gas cluster
load, resonance, vibration etc, the overall result was spectacular: they
fabricated a small cell where water could be literally transformed so that
the other side came out only gas!
Paul has never revealed the exact design of the circuit and is said to have
sold the rights to the design for US $ 6,000,000.
Buyers, then, contacted the eBay buyer last of Paul circuit version and
paid $ 20,000 to buy it again, indeed the eBay buyer was happy with the
deal, as it had only paid $ 1100 realizing a profit of $ 18,900.
At the time of writing (2015) about 42 months have passed and it seems
pretty clear that the current owners of Paul circuits, do not have any
intention of sharing them or manufacture them accantonandoli definitely!
They were interested in the cell, but only to the electronic card, however,
a number of things are known about the project, probably sufficient to
allow to produce a similar design.
These elements are the following:
Paul did the unit of two sizes, the smaller version had between 20 and 30
plates each of size 50 mm wide and 200 mm long, 316L-318L of 1.6 mm

39
thick stainless steel, arranged with a gap of only 0.635 mm between
them.
With this smaller version were converted about 9.5 liters of water per
minute, equivalent to about 17,500 liters of HHO gas per minute.
Water was fed from one end but turned without having time to
accumulate in the fund, pointing out performance nothing short of
spectacular!
The larger cell had 36 plates of 75 mm in width and 254 mm in length,
always in stainless steel 316L or 318L, and thickness of 1.6 mm, arranged
at a distance of 0.635 mm between them.
With these dimensions could convert water into gas at a rate of 19 liters
per minute (35,000 liters of gas per minute)!
The techniques used with these cells are different from those of the
various other designs of electrolyzers treated here, this is because the
operation of the cell is not like the conventional electrolysis and even as
the water splitting caused by DC pulses used in the device of Stanley
Meyer.
First of all, the plates are sandblasted and buffed with sandpaper 60 to
silicon carbide with an angle of 45 degrees to the face of the plate,
creating sharp craters on the surface of the plate.
When the water is forced through the very narrow opening between these
plates, these very narrow craters on both sides of this flow of water
causing turbulence and cavitation which creates small bubbles in the
water.
In the section of the book: "Methods of Ultrasonic and applications " of
Jack Blitz, it is stated that each cavitation bubble has a positive charge on
one side and a negative charge corresponding to the opposite side, and
since the bubbles are very small, these parts charges otherwise they are
not very far apart, and does not seem realistic to think that such charges

40
cause electrolysis of water on such a small scale, but since there is a large
number of these bubbles, the overall effect could not be insignificant.
The violent cavitation almost certainly produces water gas clusters, which
then come out from the terminal of the cell as HHO gas, in addition to the
same water gas clusters and so there is dissolved in water and, optionally,
water vapor.
The plates have this form:

The edge facing the incoming water is sharpened to knife blade, and the
engagement tab of the electric connector has the slightly sharp outer edge
to make it easier to push the connector into the plate enabling a good
electrical connection.
Because of the very small gap between the plates, every second plate is
turned to give a little bit of play between the connectors, this means that
all the positive connections are on one side and all the negative
connections on the opposite side.
When, then, is used to operate a machine, the HHO cell is positioned
within a common rectangular plastic container, interconnected between
the air filter and the intake manifold.
This results in that the incoming air will mix well with the HHO and other
gases produced by the cell, before it enters the engine.

41
The electronic circuit (the value of $ 6,000,000) has an ordinary power
supply for cars of about 14 volts, which is supplied by a common high
performance alternator driven by the engine.
The initial absorption of current for the larger cell (35,000 lpm) is 190
amperes, but when the cell enters scheme, this absorption drops to 10
amps constant, also the gas production rate is not correlated with the
absorption current.
This process is not similar to any type of conventional electrolysis and has
nothing to do with the Faraday laboratory work.
The coefficient of performance is said to be between 5 and 10, although
where they come from these results is not yet entirely clear.
The circuit is calibrated to produce very clean square wave with very
strong rises and descents that give the wave form, its frequency is in the
range from 40 kHz to 44 kHz and 30 are used to control transistors
separate the plates - presumably, a transistor per plate for version 30-
plates of the smaller cell.
The waveform does not go down to zero volts but, instead, has an offset
voltage of 1 volt, ie, the voltage oscillates between 1 volt and 14 volts and
thus there is always a voltage applied to the plates.
Since the circuit has never been described in detail, it is quite possible
that the voltage is boosted well above the 14 volt level, however, it seems
unlikely given that 190 amperes is the starting current.
It is said that at 44 kHz, the current required is only one eighth of what
would be expected for the actual scope of HHO.
In a vehicle, the gas flow rate is controlled by a connection between the
butterfly valve and the valve that controls the speed of the flow of water
in the cell.
Surprisingly, if the rate of water flow is reduced, the gas production rate
remains constant, as well as remains if there is no residual water that can
be converted to gas!

42
It is observed, then, that each liter of water produces about 1860 liters of
HHO gas and, therefore, if the output of the cell there are 17,500 liters
per minute, the flow rate of water inflow would be about 9.4 liters per
minute or 157 ccs per second.
However, it seems unlikely that even if mixed with air, would be needed
well HHO 17,500 liters per minute.
It is remarked that it is an advantage to use hot water just below the
boiling point, even if it is not explicitly specified.
The very strong buzzes cell during operation, this is definitely not caused
by a signal at 40 kHz frequency as the human ear arrive at most only up
to 20 kHz; It could be, perhaps, a lower harmonic (20 kHz, 10 kHz, 5 kHz,
...), or may be caused by mechanical forces generated by the water flow.
If tap water is used, the dissolved solids will be deposited in the plastic
container when all the water become gas, this residue can be washed out
of the cell by pumping water and maintaining the cell turned on so that
the plates can be cleaned .
With this amount of information in electronic design cell, may also be
possible to replicate the cell and operate with only HHO motor vehicle,
however, he invites the reader to be aware that Bob Boyce in America was
sentenced to imprisonment 3.5 years for "the operation of a vehicle with
an approved non-combustible."
He beats these allegations, but it must be clear that such an action is
completely illegitimate, and is part of the scam that seeks to force all
users of vehicles to burn oil.

Even in America, Bill Williams was running his Ford pickup with a Joe cell
connected as an additive, it was discovered that his truck did not use fuel,
even though it was perfectly able to draw fuel from the tank.

43
Bill destroyed his cell and did not speak because of armed criminal
intimidation.

Circuit for splitting the pulsed water

There is a much more efficient way to convert the water into a mixture of
HHO gas.
Unlike the electrolysis devices already described, this method does not
need an electrolyte.
Designed by Stanley Meyer, pulse trains are used to urge the water
molecules until they break, forming the required gas mixture.
Henry Puharich has also developed a very successful system with a
somewhat different design.
Neither of these gentlemen shared sufficient practical information to
enable us to replicate their designs with a routine process, so we are in a
situation in which we are now looking for the exact details of the methods
they used.

Dave Lawton replica of "Fuel Cell for Water" by Stanley Meyer

The first significant replication of which I am aware, came from Dave

Lawton of Wales.
Using a remarkable tenacity, he discovered the practical details of how to
replicate one of the first projects of Stanley Meyer, who is called by the
name rather confused "at Water Fuel Cells".
Dave's work was copied and experimented with by Ravi Raju of India who
had considerable success and who posted videos of his results on the web.
More recently, Dr Scott US Cramton has slightly changed the construction
of the project and has achieved very satisfactory rates of electrical
efficiency, with a production of about 6 liters per minute of HHO gas with
only 3 amps of current at 12 volts.

44
The video of Dave Lawton replication of Stanley Meyer's demonstration
electrolyser (not Stan's production system) can be seen here:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpu3zgSeLSo

He said video has meant that many people have asked for more details.
As seen in the video, electrolysis in question has been operated using an
alternator, solely because Dave wanted to repeat everything that Stanley
Meyer had done.
The Dave's alternator and the motor used to move it are shown here:

The DC pulse technique requires the use of electronic, so the following

descriptions contain a considerable amount of circuitry.
The coil of the alternator Dave magnetic field is activated and deactivated
by a field effect transistor (a "FET") which is pulsed by a dual timer circuit
555.
This produces a composite waveform which produces an impressive rate
of electrolysis.
The tubes in this replication are made of 316L stainless steel, five
centimeters in length, although Stan's tubes were about sixteen
centimeters in length.

45
The outer tubes are of 2.5 cm in diameter and the inner tubes of 1.8 cm
in diameter and since the wall thickness is 0.16 cm, the distance between
them is between 1 mm and 2 mm.
The inner tubes are held in place at each end by four rubber strips about
0.6 cm in length.
The container is made with two standard plastic exhaust terminals by 10
cm in diameter connected at each end by a piece of acrylic tube glued to
each other with liquid PVC.
It is not necessary to use an alternator - Dave realized this as he was
copying each thing that made Stanley Meyer.
The circuit without the alternator produces about the same amount of gas
and requires, of course, less current because there is no engine to be fed.
A video demonstration can be seen using this link:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJGZ_uHgu5U

The Dave electrolyzer, has an acrylic tube to allow the electrolysis to be

observed, as shown below:

The electrolysis takes place between each of the inner and outer cylinders,
the picture above shows the bubbles just starting to leave the tubes after
the power was turned on.

46
The following image shows the situation a few seconds later when the
whole area above the tubes is so full of bubbles that it becomes
completely opaque:

The pipe fixing rings can be made of any suitable plastic material, such as
that used for ordinary food cutting boards, and have the following form:

And the quality of the pipes, seamless, 316L stainless steel is well
illustrated:

47
Here the set of external elements ready to receive the inner tubes (spaced
by small pieces of rubber):

48
The electrical connections between the tubes are made through a stainless
steel wire which runs between the stainless steel bolts threaded into the
tubes and the stainless steel bolts that pass through the base unit:

The threaded bolts in the inner tube must be internal, bolts running
through the base station must be fixed so as to ensure a good hydraulic
seal and must be sealed with suitable glue and dried completely before
the unit is usable for use.
It has improved performance if the non-active surfaces of the pipes are
insulated with any suitable material, that is, the outsides of the outer
tubes and the interior of the inner tubes and, if possible, the cut ends of
the tubes.
While Dave's style of construction is simple and straightforward, recently
it was seen a copy of one of Stanley Meyer designs in actual size.
The picture quality of the copy is so low that can not be read most of the
text, and so the replication presented here may not be exact or might be
missing a few pieces of data useful.

49
The construction of Stan is unusual, before a piece of plastic is shaped as
shown here:

The dimensions of this disk corresponds exactly to the piece of

transparent acrylic used for the body of the housing.
The design does not make it clear how this disc is attached to the acrylic
tube, whether it is a groove with a sealing ring, or glued, or held in place
with bolts not shown.
The inconsistency is that a circle of six bolts placed in the upper part and
inserted in the acrylic tube, are present on one of the plan views, but not
in the cross section.
It would also be reasonable to assume that even a similar ring of six bolts
is used to hold the base firmly in position.
There is, instead, a groove cut in the plastic base for insertion of an O-ring
which will be strongly compressed when the disk is in position.
There may be two or three recesses for the threaded bolts, and two
through holes to make the electrical connections.
The support for the tubes is then unusual:

50
A ring of nine properly spaced inner pipes are positioned around the edge
of a steel disc which is slightly less than the inside dimension of the acrylic
tube.
The tubes appear to be closely engaged in holes drilled very accurately in
the disc, these holes must be exactly perpendicular to the surface of the
disc itself so that the tubes are exactly aligned with the acrylic tube.
The disc, then, is mounted on the central threaded rod which projects
through the plastic base disc, and a plastic spacer is used to keep the
latch disc by means of studs positioned at 90 degrees from each other
around to the outer edge of the base disc.
The mounting of the outer tubes is also most unusual.
A piece of sheet metal is cut with nine projecting arms at evenly spaced
positions on a circular washer shape as shown here:

This piece has four holes in correspondence of the plastic base piece pin
positions.
The number of prisoners is not specified and while I have shown four, the
plate resonance might be helped if there were only three.
The figure is arranged so that when the arms are bent upwards at right
angles, they fit exactly against the inner face of the acrylic tube.
These arms also have two curves in total, of which the last, bent inward,
serves to form the supports for the outer tubes.
The degree of required accuracy is significant because it seems that there
are spacers used between the inner and outer tubes, this means that the

51
very small gap of 1.5 mm must be maintained with extreme precision
between these supports and external pipes.
It should be noted, also, that the inner tubes are much longer than the
outer tubes and that the external tubes have a cut groove for the
resonance tuning.
All the inner tubes are mechanically connected together, by means of their
mounting disk made of steel, with the wire, and external pipes are
connected to each other through the ring-shaped steel disc and its
supports to the arm above.
It is understood that both of these groups should resonate at the same
frequency, and are tuned to do so.
Since the inner tubes have a smaller diameter, will vibrate at a frequency
higher than that of a larger diameter tube of the same length, for this
reason are longer facts of the outer tubes, so as to lower their natural
resonance frequency.
In addition to that, the grooves cut into the outer tubes are a tuning
method which increases their resonant step, these slots will be adjusted
until every pipe resonate at the same frequency.
Looking initially to the design from a mechanical point of view, it is
observed that the assembly is almost impossible to accomplish because if
built like is mounted, it would seem that the inner and outer tube
assembly can not be disassembled after assembly.
This is the way in which they are fitted together:

52
The support ring for the outer pipes is not bolted securely to the plastic
base, but is spaced slightly above it, and only mounted on pivot points.
This ring is underneath the slightly smaller diameter disc that contains the
inner tubes, this makes it impossible for the two components to slide
together or separately, due to the length of the hoses.
This suggests that either the inner pipes are positioned after assembly
(which is highly unlikely as it will have been assembled before the tuning)
or that the outer pipes are welded to their supports during the assembly
process (which is much more probable).
One of the "studs" is carried right through the plastic base so that it can
become the positive power supply connection, supplied to the outer tubes.
The central threaded rod is inserted through the plastic base and is used
to support the steel plate that holds the inner tubes, in addition to
providing the negative electrical connection, often called electrically
"ground".
Another plastic disc is made to form a conical lid for the acrylic tube, with
a groove to hold an O-ring seal and the water inlet for filling and the gas
outlet tube.

The project mentions that if you use tap water, the impurities will be
collected on the bottom of the electrolyser when the water will run out
through the in HHO gas conversion, which means that the cell should be
rinsed from time to time .
It also draws attention to the fact that the gases dissolved in tap water
will be felt even during use, it may also be mixed with the output of the
HHO gas.

When all of these various components will be assembled, the overall

construction of the cell will look like this:

53
 This view in cross-section can be slightly
misleading because it indicates that each of the
nine outer pipes has its separate bracket and
this is not in what would be electrically
connected to each other through the steel disc-
shaped ring that should vibrate the whole as a
single unit.
You might be tempting to use separate brackets
for each individual tube, since they enable the
assembly to be easily disassembled, but the
electrical contacts of such a system would be much lower and is therefore
not recommended.
Because of the way that all the inner tubes are connected together and all
the outer tubes are connected together electrically, this embodiment is
not adapted to the three-phase alternator converter shown below, where
the nine pipes should be connected in separate sets of three.
Instead, the circuit is used without alternator very effectively because it
does not have the size, weight, noise and the higher current of the
arrangement with the alternator.
If the construction of precision is a problem, then it might be possible to
give the outer pipes a deliberate inclination so as to press against the
inner pipes at the top and, therefore, use a thin spacer not to make them
touch and give the desired spacing.
It seems clear that Stan has worked with such a degree of constructional
accuracy that his pipes were perfectly aligned along their whole length.
Dave Lawton points out that the connection point of the brackets for the
outer pipes is highly critical as it becomes a pipe resonance node.
The connection point is then to 22.4% of the length of the tube from the
bottom of the tube.

54
Presumably, if a slot is cut in the upper part of the tube, the length of the
resonant tube will be measured at the bottom of the groove and to 22.4%
fixed connection point of that length.

The three-phase circuit of Dave Lawton

The arrangement of Dave Lawton tube can be controlled by means of an

alternator or by an electronic circuit.
A suitable circuit for the alternator is available with this:

In this unusual circuit, the rotor winding of an alternator is pulsed via an oscillator
circuit which has variable frequency and variable ratio Mark / Space and can be
turned on and off to produce an output waveform shown below the alternator in
wiring diagram.

55
The oscillator circuit has a degree of decoupling from the supply and 100
ohm resistor which feeds the capacitor from 100 microfarads.
This is to reduce the ripple of the voltage coming along the supply line 12
volts, caused by the current pulses through the rotor winding.
The electrodes of the power output available to the electrolyzer tube is
copied directly from Stanley Meyer circuit diagram.
It is not recommended to use an alternator, but if you decide to use one
and the alternator does not have the windings outside of the carcass, you
must open the alternator, remove the internal regulator and diodes and
pull out three leads from the ends of the stator windings.
If you have an alternator which has the windings already accessible from
the outside, instead, the stator connections are likely to be as shown here
below:

The alternator Dave control motor draws about two amps of current which
doubles the input power to the circuit.
It is not necessary an alternator due to the size, weight, noise,
mechanical wear and the motor current because you will have virtually the
same performance with a solid-state circuit with no moving parts.
Both circuits have been assessed effective from 300% to 900% of
Faraday's "maximum electrical efficiency", and it should be stressed that
the inductors used in this circuit, have a very important role in changing
the shape and amplify the voltage wave applied to the cell.

56
Dave uses two inductors "Bi-rows" ferrite, each ferrite with a diameter of
100 turns of 0.7 to 0.6 mm enamelled copper wire on ferrite of 9 mm
diameter.
The length of the ferrite rod is not at all critical, and as an alternative to a
ferrite toroid can be used, although this is more difficult to wrap.
These bi-rows coils are wound at the same time using two lengths of wire
side by side.
The solid-state circuit is shown in the following point.

57
The Single Phase Circuit Dave Lawton

Operating circuit:
The main part of the circuit is constituted by two series of timer chip 555,
these are wired to give a shaped output waveform that switches rapidly
between a high and low tension, the ideal waveform coming from this
circuit is described as a "square wave" output.
In this particular version of the circuit, the period to which the circuit flips
between high and low voltage (called "frequency") can be adjusted by
turning a knob, also the length of time from the ON to the OFF time
(called "Duty Cycle ") is adjustable.

This is the section of the circuit:

58
 The resistor of 100 ohms and
the capacitor 100 microfarads
are there to iron out any ripple
in the supply voltage to the
circuit, caused by sudden
impulses in the transmission of
power to the electrolysis cell.
The capacitor acts as a reservoir
of electrical energy and the
resistance prevents the tank to
be drained from the energy suddenly if the power supply line is suddenly,
and very briefly, flow rate up to a low voltage.
Among them, maintain the voltage at point "A" at a constant level, which
allows the chip 555 to function properly.
The very small capacitor "B" is wired physically very close to the chip, and
is there to do on any spikes short, very sharp voltage data from very short
pulses and picked up by the wiring to the chip.
And 'there to help the chip to operate exactly as it was designed, and is
not really a functional part of the circuit.
Thus, to understand how the circuit works, we can ignore it and see the
circuit as well:

59
This circuit generates output pulses of the type shown in green with the
voltage that portion of salt, (the "Mark") and down ( "Space").
The 47K variable resistor (which some insist on calling a "pot") allows you
to adjust the length of the Mark and the Space from 50-50 shown above,
for example to 90-10 or by any ratio between 10-90.
It should be mentioned that the "47K" is not at all standard and is very
likely to be sold as "50K" devices.
The lowest cost components have a more or less than 10% rating, which
means that a resistance of 50K will be from 45K to 55K in actual value.
The two "1N4148" diodes are there to ensure that when the Mark / Space
47K varies through the resistance, is not modified in any way the
frequency of the output waveform.
The remaining two components: the 10K variable resistor and the
capacitor by 47 microfarads (written in blue), control the number of pulses
per second products, the larger the capacitor, the fewer pulses per
second, the lower the value of the resistance variable, the greater the
number of pulses per second.
The circuit can have additional frequency tuning ranges, if the capacitor
value is altered by passing in a different capacitor.
So the circuit can be made more versatile by adding a switch and, say,
two alternative capacitors, as shown here:

60
The capacitors indicated above, are unusually large because this particular
circuit is designed to operate relatively slowly.
In the section, almost identical, the circuit that follows the capacitors are
much smaller, which causes that the switching speed is much higher.
About what the experience has shown that some people have had
overheating with this circuit when it was turned off, then the On / Off
switch has been enhanced to have two bipolar / switch switches the
second of which was used to turn off the time of the chip elements 555.
The full version of this section of the circuit is the following:

which has only one additional switch to allow the output to be stable and
that the 12-volt power supply line is instead fed.
The reason for this is that this part of the circuit is used to turn on and off
an identical circuit.
The second part of the circuit is intended to operate at much higher
speeds, so that they can be used very small capacitors:

61
So, putting them together, and allowing the first circuit to switch the
second On and Off, we get:

The final section of the circuit is the supply unit for the elettrolizzatrice
cell.
This is a very simple circuit; in the first place the output of the second
integrated circuit 555 is lowered by a pair of resistors with a base-
attached tension, and fed to the gate of the output transistor which can
operate on 12 volts that serve to the PWM circuit, Dave, however, prefers
make it work on 24 volts because it generates a higher gas flow rate:

62
Here the chip 555 lowers the output voltage between 220/820, by about
27%.
When the voltage is increased, it energizes the transistor BUZ350 that
short-circuits the connection and applies to all 12-volt load, which in our
application, is the electrolyser cell:

The transistor, as indicated above, pushes the electrolysis electrodes

emitting very sharp and very short pulses between them.
What is very important are the wire coils that are placed on each side of
the set of electrodes.

63
These coils are linked magnetically because they are wound together on a
high-frequency ferrite core and although a coil is a simple thing, these
coils have a profound effect on how the circuit functions.
In the first place, they convert to a short period the impulse of the chip
555 in a very strong high voltage which can reach up to 1200 volts, this
pulse influence the local environment, obtaining an additional energy
flowing in the circuit.
The reels, now, execute a second task, blocking the additional energy
from short-circuiting through the battery, and making it flow through the
electrolysis cell, dividing the water into a mixture of hydrogen and
oxygen, which both gases being high energy load enormously atomic
poles of these gases.
This gives a mixture that is about 400% more potent dell 'hydrogen which
is burnt in the air.
When the transistor turns off, the coils try to open the drain connection of
the transistor down to a voltage well below the 0 volt line of the batteries.
To avoid this, a 1N4007 diode is connected across the cell to its coils.
The diode is connected so that no current flows through it until Drain
transistor that is brought below 0-volts, but if this happens the effective
diode is turned upside down and just 0.7 volts pass through it, beginning,
then, in strongly lead you cancel the overhang of negative voltage,
protecting the transistor, and especially keeping the pulsed waveform
restricted to positive DC pulses, which are essential for tapping this extra
environmental energy which are those that actually perform the
electrolysis.
You can easily say that it is the environmental impact of electricity "cold",
that is performing the electrolysis cell that stays cool even if is producing
large volumes of gas.
If the electrolysis was caused conventional electricity, the cell temperature
would rise during the electrolysis.

64
The John Bedini button circuit can be used very effectively with a cell of
this type as it automatically adjusts the resonance frequency of the cell so
that the same becomes part of the resulting frequency circuit.
The BUZ350 MOSFET has a current rating of 22 amps so that it can be
used without problems in this application, however, it is worth mounting it
on an aluminum plate which will serve both for the assembly that as a
heat sink, but it should be understood that this circuit is a test pattern
with a maximum current of about 2 amps and is not a Pulse-Width
Modulation circuit for a DC high-current electrolyzer.
The current consumption of this device is particularly interesting, in fact
with a single tube in position, the absorption of current is about 1 ampere,
and when you add a second tube current increases by less than half of 1
ampere, while when it is added a third the total current is under two
amps.
The fourth and the fifth tube add about 100 milliamps each and the sixth
tube causes almost not a current increase.
This suggests that the efficiency could be increased further by adding a
large number of additional tubes, but this is not actually important as it is
the arrangement of the cells.
Stan Meyer turned his car Volkswagen for four years with the production
of four of these cells with 400 mm of electrodes, and Stan would have
done a great individual cell if possible.
Even if the current is not particularly high, a switch with a fuse to five or
six amperes, must be inserted between the power supply and the circuit
for protection against accidental short circuits.
If a unit such as this is to be mounted in a vehicle, then it is essential that
the power supply is arranged so that the electrolyser is disconnected when
the engine is off.
A good way to achieve this is to pass the electrical power through a relay
which is powered via the power switch.

65
It is also essential that at least one bubbler is placed between the engine
and the electrolyzer, to give some protection if the gas should ignite due
to an engine malfunction.

Although printed circuit boards that are used for this circuit and its cells
are available on the market, if you want you can build your own device
using electronic do-it-yourself.
A possible layout for a prototype is shown below:

66
with:

67
Although the use of a ferrite ring is probably the best possible option, the
bi-row coil may be wound on any straight ferrite rod of any diameter and
length, the ends of two wires must only be fixed with an adhesive tape of
iron at one end of the bar, and then rotate the rod between his hands,
guiding the threads into a perfect cylindrical winding side-by-side as
shown below:

68
Dave, who built this replication, suggests various improvements.

First, Stanley Meyer used a larger number of tubes of greater length, both
of these two factors should greatly increase the production of gas, in the

69
second place, in a careful examination of the demonstration videos of Stan
is seen that the outer tubes which he used had a slot in a rectangular
shape at the top of each tube:

Some organ pipes are optimized cutting of the slots of this type in the
upper part of the tube to increase the peak of its frequency of vibration,
then having a smaller diameter, the inner tubes of the Meyer cell will
resonate at a higher frequency to external pipes.
It therefore seems likely that the slots are cut by Stan to increase the
resonant frequency of the larger pipes in order to unify it with the inner
tubes.
If you take the two concentric tubes of which the above figure and are
hung by a thread, it will be appreciated that pinching the wire, it will
produce a sound with the tone of the resonance tube.
If you cut a slit in an outer tube, always hanging by a thread, you will
have the opportunity to compare their sound, so when an outer tube is
combined with an internal with the same resonance, you can go to the

70
other outer tubes a slit exactly the same size that will have the same
resonance measurement.
It has not been proven, but it has been suggested, that only the part of
the outer tube, which is under the slot, actually contributes to the
resonant frequency of the tube.
This is the part marked as "H" in the previous diagram, and is also
suggested that the pipes will resonate at the same frequency if the area of
the inner surface of the outer tube ( "H" x the inner circumference)
exactly matches the area of the outer surface of the inner tube.
It should be remembered, moreover, that all the pairs of pipes will be in
resonance with a single signal, when each pair of pipes resonate at the
same frequency of all other pairs of tubes.
It is said that Stan has shot with his VolksWagen car for four years, using
only the gas of four of these units which had pairs of tubes of 40 cm
length.

Advanced research on the production of hho

When you produce HHO gas from water, you can not exceed the
maximum limit of Faraday unless you take additional energy from the
surrounding environment.
In fact if the cell remains cool when in operation, may indicate that the
increased gas production is due to this extra energy.

This idea is supported by the fact that one of the main methods to collect
this additional energy is to produce a train of electrical pulses that present
strong increases and considerable sags.
This is exactly the objective of Dave's circuit, so it would not be too
surprising if that happens.

71
The additional energy being accessed is sometimes referred to as the
“cold electricity", which has very different characteristics from normal and
conventional electricity.
Where normal electrical voltage drops cause local heating as a byproduct,
electricity cold has exactly the opposite effect, and an additional influx of
energy useful "cold" enters the circuit from outside.
This flow causes the circuit temperature to drop, instead of increasing,
which is why electricity is called "cold ".
This extraordinary event has actually the most unusual effect of reducing
the amount of conventional power needed to activate the circuit if the
output load increases.
So, by increasing the load powered by the circuit causes a further energy
flowing from the environment which, consequently, feeds a supplementary
load contributing to making the original circuit.
Everything, in fact, seems very strange, also electricity "cold" operates in
a completely different way from our conventional electricity and has its
own set of unfamiliar rules, which are generally the opposite of what we
are used to observe.
To further prove his system of cells, Dave connected an extra load to the
cell electrodes.
Just inductors connected to each side of the cell generate very high value,
type of sharp spikes, Dave connected to the cell two capacitors large
capacity (83,000 microfarads, 50 volts).
The load is a 10 watt light bulb and, interestingly, the current draw of the
circuit goes down rather quickly despite the extra power and the gas
production rate remains identical.
This is the modification of that part of the circuit which was used:

72
it’s also suggested that it may not be put a BUZ350, then it would be
advisable to protect the output FET against damage caused by accidental
short circuits leads, etc., by connecting what is effectively a zener diode
150-volt 10-watt through it, as shown in the previous figure; although this
is not necessary for the proper operation of the circuit, it is useful in cases
where accidents occur during repeated tests or change of cell
components.

Construction of Dr. Scott Cramton Cell

Dr. Cramton and its Research and Development team of scientists

investigated and pursued this technology and have achieved an output of
six liters per minute for a 12-watt electrical input (1 amp at 12 volts).
Furthermore, the cell of Dr. Cramton ensures a stable frequency operation
and is used for local well water.
The objective is to reduce the amount of diesel fuel needed to operate a
standard large-capacity electrical generator.
The style of the project is similar to the original physical construction of
Stan Meyer, even if the dimensions are slightly different.

73
The cell body is a transparent acrylic tube with caps on the upper and
lower parts.
Inside the tube there are nine pairs of pipes, electrically connected as
three sets of three pairs of spaced tubes.
These are powered by a pulsed-phase network, using a replica of the
original cell Stan Meyer, that consists of a Delco Remy alternator driven
by an engine power of 1,5HP to 220 volts AC.
This provision is, as was Stan Meyer's, for demonstration purposes only.
In a working application, the alternator is driven by the motor which is fed
with the HHO gas.
The phase separation of 120 degrees is the critical component to maintain
the resonance frequency.
It should be noted that the alternator must maintain a speed of 3600 rpm
under load.
It should be emphasized that the cell of Dr. Cramton is very close to the
principles of construction of Dave Lawton cell and the construction
accuracy is very important.
First, we must not forget that it is essential that all pipes have a common
frequency.
This is a bit like when tuning the instruments of an orchestra that without
that fit together will never make a common harmony, similar to that, the
fundamental operation of the cell resonance will fail and the performance
will not have the results Dr. Cramton and his team have achieved, without
a common frequency of all pairs of cells.
Dr. Cramton using 316L stainless steel pipe of 450 mm in length, outer
tubes are of 1.9 cm in diameter and internal tubing of 1.3 cm in diameter,
this gives a space between the tubes of 0.6 cm.
The first step, as we said, is to get a common resonance between the
pipes and, therefore, is first measured the frequency of an inner tube.

74
To do this, it has been downloaded from the Internet a frequency analyzer
program that has been used with the sound card of a PC to provide a
display that can measure the resonant frequency of each pipe.
The download location is:

http://www.softpedia.com/get/Multimedia/Audio/Other-AUDIO-
Tools/Spectrum-Analyzer-pro-Live.shtml

The method for doing this is very important and considerable care is
needed.
A stainless steel pin is inserted 0.6 cm push in the inner tube to form a
snug fit; it is very important that the head of each pin is screwed exactly
the same distance, since this alters the resonant frequency of the inner
tube.
A connecting steel strip is then folded in its Z shape and firmly secured to
the pin with an ever stainless steel bolt.
The whole of the pipe, the steel strip, the pin and the bolt is then hung on
a wire and beaten lightly with a piece of wood, so that we can measure
the resonance frequency with the frequency analysis program.
That rate, therefore, is sent to the program using a microphone.
All internal pipes are then tuned to the same frequency, very slowly
adjusting the length of the steel pin inserted in each boss of the inner
tubes, so that each different resonance frequency is harmonized.
Subsequently, the outer tubes are affected to tune their corresponding to
that of the inner tubes of resonance frequency.
Their frequency is also measured by hanging from above and beating
gently with a piece of wood, where the frequency of the need to do a
further increase, it will reduce the length of the tube of a 6 mm, and the
test will continue with the same procedures.

75
The modification of the width and the length of the slot is the best method
to adjust the resonance frequency of the tube, and to this end can be
used a small file; This procedure is long and boring, but it's worth the
effort.
The average finite length of the outer pipes is 445 mm and the dimensions
of the slots are 18 mm long and 13 mm wide.
When you set the resonance frequency of the external pipes, it is
important to have metal clamps positioned as in the figure below.
These metal clamps, are used to make electrical connections between the
external piping, as shown in the graphs, and have an effect on the
resonance of the tubes, so they need to be applied before any tuning.
The arrangement of the tubes is shown below:

The outer pipes are drilled and prepared to insert a screw nylon spacer,
available in hardware stores, 4 mm.

76
Three of these holes are distributed uniformly along the circumference of
each end of all the outer tubes.

These nylon bolts are used to adjust and hold the inner pipe gently in the
exact center of the outer tube.
it's very important that these bolts not very tight as it could prevent the
vibrations of the inner tube.
The screws are adjusted so that with a gauge can measure exactly the
same distance of 1.2 mm from for all, both above and below.
As seen above, the weight of the inner tube is supported by a steel strip
folded in the form of Z of 18 mm which, Dr. Cramton, describes as a
"spring" and emphasizes its importance in the construction of a series of
pairs of tubes resonant.
The arrangement is shown here:

77
The elastic support of steel strip is shown in blue in the previous figure in
that it also forms the electrical connection for the inner tubes.
The outer tubes, then, are held securely in position by two plastic discs
that have nine holes and are located inside the tube of diameter 150 mm
acrylic which form the body of the cell.
The cell is then sealed with two plastic caps (ideally, the upper one is with
screw threaded for easy maintenance) and the electrical connections are
made through the bottom cover using stainless steel bolts 6 mm x 20.
The bolts are sealed using rubber washers and O-rings on both sides of
the cap.
For precision, the figure shows only the electrical connections for the inner
pipes, electrical connections for external tubes are shown in the following
diagram below.
The connections are made in the upper part and the lower part of each
outer pipe by connecting a stainless steel band with a stainless steel bolt
connected to each terminal.
The wiring is then transported inside the cell so that all six connection
points (three on top and three down) for each set of three pipes are
carried out through the base of the cell with a single bolt, sealed with
washers and rubber O-ring.
The nine pairs of tubes are electrically connected in three groups of three,
and each set is fed with a separate phase of the 3-phase waveform.
This creates an interaction with the water and produces a complex
waveform button with which each set of tubes interacts with the other
two.
The groups are arranged so that the individual pipes of each set are
interspersed with the pipes of the other two groups, making the
overlapping sets as shown in the following scheme.

78
For clarity, the figure does not show the electrical connections for the
inner tubes and omits the pipes of the other two groups of three, the
water level sensor, the sensor detachment of the gas pipe, and the gas
pressure sensor.
At this time, Dr. Cramton is running the groups of tubes with the circuit
shown below, and uses an AC sine wave generated by a pulsed alternator.
The current that supplies the motor driving the alternator accounts for
about 24 watts of power while the all 'alternator winding current unit is
only 12 watts.
It's good to understand that probably the alternator can easily feed many
cells, without any increase in power is required.
Dr. Cramton, also, is studying the methods to produce the same
waveform without the need for an alternator; It must keep in mind, then,
that a production of six liters per minute gas for a power of just 36 watts
is a very significant achievement!
Others have shown that it is possible to feed a generator with only 5.5
kilowatts electric HHO gas with an electrolyzer of scope of this type of
magnitude, and, obviously, the 36 watts can be easily supplied by the
same generator of 5.5 kilowatts.
It is essential, of course, that the pairs of tubes are "conditioned", in fact
there will be a very low gas production until the white conditioning layer
will not be present on the active surfaces of the tubes.
As already described, one must feed the cell for several minutes, and then
let it rest unused for a period of time before repeating the process.
Dr. Cramton stresses that will take at least a hundred hours of
conditioning before the production volume of the gas starts to rise, and it
will take at least three months before the white conditioning layer reaches
its full thickness and the rate of production gas increases considerably.

79
Dr. Cramton stresses that it is the mechanical construction that will make
a difference on the gas production rate.
The inner and outer tubes should be tuned to a common frequency, and it
is essential that the pairs of tubes are packed with the same basic
procedure repeated use for a period of time.
A very important alternative for the conditioning process is to treat the
entire coating of the pipe surfaces with the insulating material "Super
Corona Dope", that will cause an immediate cooling of the tubes.
Finally, when it's done a complete set of affected pipes, it must be made
to tune the electronic tube sets resonance frequency.
The voltage grows on the pipes due to the pulsation repeated by the low-
voltage circuit and the action of the bi-rows coils to coils for each side of
each tube, allowed by the insulation of the pipes.

80
With Super Corona Dope this voltage was measured at 1480 volts, but
only with the insulating layer of a simple conditioning, the voltage is about
1340 volts.
It should be understood that the two-row coil (which is wrapped with two
counts of wire side by side) generates a very strong increase in very short
voltage peaks, generally above 1000 volts even though the power supply
is less than fourteen volts.
The coils used by Dr Cramton are wound on ferrite rods of 300 mm long
and 10 mm in diameter.
With only 100 mm in length provided, the tubes were constructed by
inserting three inside a plastic tube.
The coil winding is of enamelled copper wire, to allow a sufficient current
carrying capacity, and the wire must be of 0.71 mm in diameter or of a
greater diameter, that is, with a number of wires with a diameter of less
than 0 , 91 mm, moreover, these coils are wound on each of the two
windings to give an inductance of 6.3 mH.
The sub-circuit is used at this time.
You will notice that an additional pole has been added to the On / Off
output so that the timing components are turned off when the output
signal is off.
This gives added protection for the Gating 555 chip circuit, preventing
overheating when on but not in use.
The frequency used with the cells of Dr. Cramton is 4.73 kHz, even if this
is not the optimum frequency for the cell.
The alternator imposes a certain limitation on the highest possible
frequency, but the frequency used has been shown to be more effective
with a harmonic of the optimum frequency, this is a bit 'like pushing a
child on a swing that works well enough just pushing each third or fourth
swing.

81
Dr. Cramton says: "I would like people to know that the scientific
community is working on these projects and this technology is now a fact
of science and not conjecture".

The same Dr. Cramton has performed the repeated performance tests on
a diesel generator of 40 kilowatts and the results were very consistent in
every time scale of ten successive tests.
Here is his graph of the results of this preliminary work:

82
The gains at full load of 40 kW are approximately 35%, with a reduction of
1.4 liters of diesel per hour!
If the generator was an integral part of the equipment of a large power
plant, it is likely that the number of generators is modified in relation to
the request, and then the overall continuous gain, can be of about 33%
even with a low intake as HHO 6 lpm.
The next development has, however, showed a 60% reduction of fuel of
all diesel engines.

The toroidal system with high gain of Bob Boyce

Bob Boyce has revealed details of a different method to decompose water

using its electrolyzer device in style to flat plates and pulsed with just
twelve volts, as the Split cell above drawings.
Bob's circuit is:

83
Here, the electronic board produces three separate square wave forms,
tunable and very "crisp", these three waveforms are integrated in a single
complex waveform when each is fed in a separate way and with high
precision, as well as with a toroidal transformer with a ferrite core
constructed with a very specific winding.
This signal is stepped up to a higher voltage by the transformer secondary
coil, and then applied to the electrode plates through a coil resistant
placed on each conductor that goes to the electrolyzer, in exactly the
same way as in the previous drawings.

The auto-tuning circuit of Dave Lawton

Dave Lawton uses a different method, and has designed and built a
Phase-Lock Loop ( "PLL") that does the same things the automatic circuit
Stanley Meyer circuit.
The next page, we illustrate the Dave circuit.

This circuit has been used successfully by many people, and an

investigator he had built the circuit from a friend, that as he was not very
experienced in the construction of electronic circuits.

84
The circuit looks like in the next photo.

85
The two air-core coils are wound separately instead of two-wire, and are
programmed in some experiments, with different types of coils, to see the
effect on the whole of the gas production.

This circuit is shown in the following video, and manages a pair of

electrodes of 6.5 cm in length with a 2 mm gap between them, forming a
test cell.
The electrodes are of the joint, and are made of a stainless steel unknown
quality that can be seen in the upper part of the picture above.
Video: http://youtu.be/XMizRAYdGwA shows significant gas production
with almost no current and the cell uptake remains completely cold.

86
 Resonance

The splitter devices that break the water work correctly only if you submit
to their resonance frequency.

Stan Meyer has a patent on its electronic system that identifies, produces
and maintains the electronic pulsation at the resonance frequency of his
cell.
Unfortunately, the patent Stan gives only general guidelines on the
methods used.

Instead, the John Bedini circuit, pulse obtained with a battery charger, has
been used very successfully to "Split" cells which divide the water with
several exits for oxygen and hydrogen.
Here, the cell itself is an integral part of the oscillating circuit frequency
control, and its graphic representation, may be represented as follows:

87
This idea is demonstrated on a YouTube video made by a user in which it
is suggested this provision:

The user claims to have built this circuit instead of a capacitor for Splitter
cell and says it can prove that it is self feeding, something that
conventional science claims to be impossible (unless, perhaps, the circuit
draws power radiated through the circuit wiring).
Briefly, once to the input terminals is connected to the twelve o'clock
volts, the transistor switches, powering the transformer which feeds
repeating pulses to the base of the transistor, the oscillations occurring
even when twelve volts is interrupted.
The period of oscillation is regulated by the resonant frequency of the unit
cell splitter, consequently, as well as changes the resonance frequency of
the cells due to the bubbles that alter the variations in pressure,
temperature, or any thing that the circuit detects automatically, this
period is modified until it is not found and maintained the optimum
frequency.

88
 INDEX NECKLACE HHO V

Status of research on hho..............................................................1

The "Smack Booster"..............................................................................................................6

The "Hotsabi" Booster ............................................................................................................7

Electrolyzer "Zach West" .......................................................................................................8

The "Duplex" device developed by Bill Williams................................................................21

L 'electrolyzer "Hogg" Selwyn Harris ..................................................................................23

Advanced Boosters DC.........................................................................................................28

The electrolyzer of Bob Boyce High Efficiency...................................................................29

Peter Lindemann - Lawn mower with running water only ...................................................32

High-current electrolyzer - Peter Lowrie System .................................................................33

The electrolyzer of Charles Garrett.......................................................................................34

The electrolyzer of Archie Blue............................................................................................36

L 'electrolyzer Paul Zigouras ................................................................................................38

Circuit for splitting the pulsed water ....................................................................................44

Dave Lawton replica of "Fuel Cell for Water" by Stanley Meyer........................................44

The three-phase circuit of Dave Lawton...............................................................................55

The Single Phase Circuit Dave Lawton ................................................................................58

Advanced research on the production of hho .......................................................................71

Construction of Dr. Scott Cramton Cell ...............................................................................73

The toroidal system with high gain of Bob Boyce ...............................................................83

The auto-tuning circuit of Dave Lawton...............................................................................84

Resonance ...................................................................................87

89