Welcome to the class of HRM !!!

Human Resources Management

(HRM)

Dr. N. Srividya
Introduction to Human
Resource Management
 Human resources: Meaning

Human resources means the collection of people and their

characteristics at work. These are distinct and unique to an
organization in several ways.
 Human resources: Definition

 Human Resource are ”A whole consisting of inter-related,

inter-dependent & interacting psychological, sociological

& ethical components”.

-Michael J. Jucius
“Having good talent people in the organisation
was important yesterday, but today it is critical
!!”
 What is HRM?

 Human Resource Management is “the planning, organizing, directing

and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation,

integration, maintenance and separation of human resources to the end
that individual, organizational, and social objectives are accomplished.”
Human resource management: Definition

Human resource management is concerned with policies

and practices that ensure the best use of the human
resources for fulfilling the organizational and individual
goals.

-Edwin B. Flippo
 Characteristics of HRM

• People oriented • Young discipline

• Action- oriented • Nervous system
• Individual- oriented
• Development – oriented
• Pervasive Function
• Continuous Function
• Future- oriented
• Challenging function
• Science as well as art
• Staff function
 Objectives of HRM

 To act as a liaison between the top management and the

employees.
 To arrange and maintain adequate manpower inventory
 To devise employee benefit schemes
 To ensure and enhance the quality of work life
 To offer training
 To help keep up ethical values and behaviour amongst
employees both within and outside the organization.
 To maintain high morale and good human relations within
the organization.
HR Objectives of TATA Group

 Tata company shall provide equal opportunities to all its

employees.
 HR policies shall promote diversity and equality in the
workplace.
 Employees shall be treated with dignity.
 Maintain a work Environment free of all forms of
harassment.
 Respect for the right to privacy and the right to be heard.
 Equal opportunity to all eligible.
 Decisions are based on merit.
 Scope of HRM

1. Personnel or Labour Aspect

Planning, recruiting, selection, placement, transfer,
promotion, training and development, Lay-offs,
retrenchment, remuneration, incentives and productivity
2. Welfare Aspect
Housing, transport, medical assistance, canteen, rest
rooms, health and safety, education, etc.
3. Industrial Relation Aspect
Union-management relations, collective bargaining,
grievance and disciplinary actions, settlement of
disputes.
 Difference between HRM and PM

 HRM is proactive in nature while PM is reactive.

 HRM is a resource-centred activity whereas PM is a
employee-centred activity.
 HRM emphasizes on flexible, open-ended contracts but PM
emphasizes the strict observance of defined rules,
procedures and contracts.
 HRM views better performance as a cause of job
satisfaction whereas PM considers job satisfaction as a
source of better performance….
 Difference between HRM and PM
(contd.)

 HRM seeks to develop the competencies of the

employees on a sustained basis while PM is a
regular, status quo–based administrative function.
Functions of human resource
management
Operative functions of HRM
 Benefits by Corporates

 Mobile Working at IBM

 HR and well-being of Employees at Infosys
 Significance of HRM

 Significance for an enterprise

 Professional significance
 Social significance
 National significance
 Significance of HRM

Significance for an enterprise

 Attracting & retaining the required human
resource, recruitment & selection , placement ,
orientation, compensation & promotion
policies.
Developing the skills & necessary attitude
among the employees by T&D & performance
evaluation
Providing them social & job security by
grievance handling, motivating & participation
in mgt
Utilizing effectively the available human
resources
Ensuring that the enterprise will have in future
a team of competent & dedicated employees.
 Significance of HRM
Professional
significance

 Providing maximum
opportunities for personal
development of each employee.
Maintaining healthy relationships
among individual & different work
groups.
Allocating work properly.
 Significance of HRM

Social Significance

 Enhance the dignity of labour

 Providing suitable employment that
provides social & psychological
satisfaction to people.
 Maintaining a balance between the job
available & the jobseekers in terms of
numbers, Qualification, needs &
aptitudes.
 Eliminating waste of human resource
through conservation of physical & metal
health
 Significance of HRM

National Significance

 Effective exploitation & utilisation of a nation’s natural, physical &

financial resources require an efficient & committed manpower.
 There are wide differences in development between countries are with
similar resources due to differences in the quality of their people.
 Countries are underdeveloped because their people are backward.
The level of development in a country depends primarily on the skills ,
attitudes & values of its human resources.
 Effective management of human resources helps to speed up the
process of economic growth which in turn leads to higher standards of
living & fuller employment
 The central subsystem of an organisation.
 National Significance

Finance
subsystem

Material HRM Technical

Subsystem SUBSYSTEM subsystem

Marketing
Subsystem
National Significance

a. Increase in the size & complexity of organisation eg.MNC

employees, Rapid technological development like
automation, computerisation
b. Rise of professional & knowledgeable workers, Increasing
proportion of women in the workforce Growth of
powerful nationwide trade unions.
c. Widening scope of legislation designed to protect the
interests of the working class.
d. Revolution in the information technology that might
affect the work force.
e. Rapidly changing jobs & skills requiring long-term
manpower planning.
f. Growing Expectations of society from employers.
 Evolution of HRM

1. The Industrial Revolution(beyond 1820 to 1840)

2. Trade unionism(1841 to 1909)
3. Scientific Management (1910 evolve & 1920
implementation to 1940)
4. Industrial Psychology (1945 to 1970)
5. Human Relation Movement Era( 1971 to 1980)
6. Behavioural Science (1980 to 1990)
7. The Contemporary HRM Era (1990 onwards)
 The Industrial Revolution(beyond 1820 to 1840)

• Usages of the machinery

• Mass level of production
• To satisfied the human need
• Profit maximization form the factor
of production like land , labour,
capital, entrepreneur
 Trade unionism(1841 to 1909)

World have been separated in two type of

economy
one is capitalization which has a motive of
profit maximization other side labour
intensive economy
Labour class reflected their provouge by
strike, slowdown, pen down, boycott &
sabotage of the work for resolution of the
problem where new redressal procedure
had been developed to subside the chaos
like collective bargaining, grievance
handling system, arbitration, disciplinary
practices
Construction of titanic & child labour
pathetic condition
Scientific Management (1910 evolve & 1920
implementation to 1940)

• Development of true • Draw back

science
• Man become machine
• Scientific selection &
human factors were
training
completely avoided.
• Friendly co-operation
between management
• Development of every
worker to his fullest
aspects.
 Industrial psychology era (1945 to 1970)

 Mainly focused on the part on IQ of the employees

through MMPIT(Minnesotta multiple personality
test )or MBTI( Myer Brigg Jung topology) & assigned
them skill & aptitude based job.
 Human relation movement ( 1971 to 1980)

 Hawthorne experiment
 Interaction with the employee increase the
productivity
 Basic facilities are required for the production
 Empathized view towards workes have increased
productivity of worker
 Behavioural Science era (1980 to 1990)

 Multiple branch discipline like sociology ,

anthropology, psychology, economics & politics
 Contributors:- Abraham Maslow, Douglas mc
gregeor, Fredrik Herzberg, Fiedler contingent
theory, Grid theory, Aldofer ERG theory, Mclland
N-ach theory
The Contemporary HRM era (1990 onwards)

 More focused on gaining competitive advantage in

market through HR.
 Focuses on developing HR strategies, aligning them
with corporate strategy and achieving organizational
goals effectively.
Evolution of HRM in India

1920s – 30s
Pragmatism of capitalists

1940s – 50s
Technical, legalistic

1970s – 80s
Professional, legalistic, impersonal

1990s
Philosophical
 History of HRM in India

 1 Available in scatter manner

 2 So many informal ways on implementation
 3 In 1920 due the recommendation of S.S. Bengali under
the title of the Royal commission(1931), labour welfare
officers had been employed on every manufacturing unit
 4 Tata steel have informally started HRM practices in their
organisation under the title of Administration & vigilance
department.
 5 In 1948 first in charge president of India approached for
the Factory act & stipulated working hours for female &
teen age worker & security about female worker .
 History of HRM in India

 6 Soon T V Rao & Udai pareek have started to implement

the Personnel management & Indian institute of personnel
management(IIPM) & National Institute of Labour
Management were set up.
 7. By 1970, there was shift in professional values & New
technologies, HR challenges and HRD was discussed.
 7 In 1980 IIPM and NILM merged to form National
Institute of Personnel Management(NIPM)
 8 In 1990, emphasis shifted to human values and
productivity through people.
Qualities of an HR manager

 Knowledge
 Intelligence
 Communication skills
 Objectivity and fairness
 Leadership and motivational qualities
 Emotional maturity and
 Empathy
 Task 10 Marks

 How Environmental factors influence HR Policies?

 External ( Macro) factors

 Internal (Micro) factors

THANK YOU