MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
Good day!
Today, we will be dealing with the tiniest particles that
ever existed called atom. In this module, you are expeted
you are expected to:
1. describe how atoms are the building blocks of
matter;
2. explain the relationship between atoms, elements,
molecules and compounds;
3. interpret element information from the Periodic
Table; and
4. discuss the historical development of the study of
matter, including contributions of notable scientists.
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
But before that, let us first see how far
you have understood the world of
atoms.
Let’s take a quick peak of refreshing
questions.
Direction: Encircle the correct answer.
1. The subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
a. proton and electron
b. proton and nucleolus
c. proton and atom’s orbit
d. proton and quarks
2. Nitrogen atom has 7 protons and a mass number of 14. What is the number of neutrons in an
atom of Nitrogen?
a. 7
b. 14
c. 21
d. 28
3. The atomic number of Oxygen atom is 8. Its mass number is 16. What is the number of
neutrons in an atom of Oxygen?
a. 8
b. 16
c. 24
d. 36
4. The mass number of an atom is the sum of the numbers of what particles?
a. proton and electron
b. proton and nucleus
c. proton and quarks
d. proton only
5. How can you describe an atom?
a. Most of the atom is composed of neutron.
b. Most of the atom is positively charged.
c. Most of the atom is negatively charged.
d. Most of the atom is empty spaced.
Check your
answers with
your teacher.
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
What you need to know!!
About 2400 years ago, a Greek philosopher named Democritus (460-370 B.C.) thought a lot about
what things were made of. One day while slicing an apple, he wondered how small he could slice it.
He figured that everything that could be touched could be divided again and again until there was a
piece left that was so small it couldn’t be cut. It turns out that he had the right idea, and that
smallest piece we now know as the atom. The word atom comes from an ancient Greek word that
means “uncuttable.” Democritus could not see an atom (as we can today), but he had figured out
something very important. His atom is what we talk about today as an element.
In the mid-17th century, scientists began to prove the existence of specific elements, or pure
substances that couldn’t be “cut” into other pieces. This led scientists to discover the elements and
atoms that make up all matter. The types of scientists who study atoms are chemists and physicists.
At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists found that Democritus’ atom actually could be cut
into smaller pieces, called sub-atomic particles.
The nucleus is at the center of the atom. It is made up of protons and neutrons. Moving around
outside of the nucleus are the electrons. In 1915 a scientist named Niels Bohr proposed a model of
the atom that illustrates the atomic
structure, called the planetary model or the
Bohr model.
Proton comes from the Greek word for
“first.” This is the positively charged particle
of an atom. The other part of the nucleus is
the neutron. Neutrons are about the same
size as protons. The word neutron comes
from the Latin word for “neutral.” The third
particle of an atom is the electron. Electrons
are much smaller than the protons or the
neutrons (almost 2000 times smaller). It is
easy to illustrate them orbiting around the
nucleus using the Bohr model, although they
actually move in a cloud.
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
II. ACTIVITIES
A. Activity 1
Direction: Complete the time table of Atomic Theory by writing your answers on the yellow
Note: Typically, positively charged particles would
boxes.
repel each other, but they are held together in the
nucleus with a force called the strong atomic
force. This is the strongest force in the universe.
Okay! Let’s now go to our next destination…
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
All of the known elements are organized into a table called the Periodic Table of Elements. Each box
on the Periodic Table represents an element, organized according to its atomic number and atomic
mass. Each element is represented by a letter, or letters, which is its atomic symbol. Generally the
symbol is the first one or two letters of the element’s name, although several elements’ symbols
come from their name in Latin. Some elements have names that relate to famous scientists or where
it was discovered.
Elements have a specific atomic configuration and properties. Each element has an atomic number,
equal to the number of protons in that atom. In fact, the number of protons in an atom determines
what element it is.
Note: In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleyev was credited with putting together the Periodic Table of Elements.
He listed all of the known elements and grouped them together based on their properties.
Mendeleyev was able to organize the table in its present form even though many of the elements
hadn’t been discovered yet. Although Mendeleev is credited with developing the Periodic Table,
many scientists contributed to its development. The organization was done in such a way that as
new elements have been discovered, they fit right where they are supposed to on the Periodic
Table. It is no coincidence that once the periodic table was arranged by atomic number, the
elements that were close to one other ended up having very similar properties.
The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged
according to their atomic structure. We can
determine the number of protons, neutrons and
electrons in an atom by looking at the
information given in this table
The number of protons plus the number of
neutrons equals the Atomic Mass of an element,
because each one is approximately equal to one
Atomic Mass Unit (AMU). The mass of the
electrons is negligible because they are so small.
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
B. Activity 2: Atoms and their Coefficients
Direction: Refer to a Periodic Table and the Key below to fill out this table for each element.
Start with helium as your first atom to make
Tungsten
Radon
Now, check your activity with your teacher. Let us
now take our turn into the next activity, shall we?
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
Atoms are the building blocks of molecules, and molecules are the building blocks of matter.
Molecules are extremely small. In one spoonful of sugar there are approximately 300 billion,
billion molecules of sugar! Molecules can be made up of atoms of the same element, or
molecules can be made up of a combination of atoms of different elements.
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join
together chemically. Combinations of two or more
elements are called compounds. All compounds are
molecules but not all molecules are compounds.
Molecules can also join together to form larger
molecules.
NOTE: Look at the
model of the water
molecule. It is noted
as H2O. Since it is
made up of more than
one elem ent, it is also
a compound
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
C. Activity 3: Working on with Molecules
Direction:
1. Color in the Molecule Color Key molecules with colored pencils as indicated.
2. Determine the number of elements in each molecule, and write it down.
3. Draw and color the molecule with the correct number of elements.
4. Make each molecule model using appropriately colored gumdrops and toothpicks.
Molecule Elements Draw it
Water H= ______
O= ______
H2o N= ______
C= ______
Carbon H= ______
Dioxide O= ______
N= ______
C02 C= ______
Ammonia H= ______
O= ______
NH3 N= ______
C= ______
Methane H= ______
O= ______
CH4 N= ______
C= ______
Glucose H= ______
O= ______
C6H12O6 N= ______
C= ______
We are at the end of our journey to the world of atoms.
Hope you did well in all our activities.
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
III. Building Vocabularies and Other Activities
Direction: Choose the word from the list that best fits each of the definitions in the numbered
items below.
Atoms Electron Element Atomic Theory
Neutron Proton Molecule
1. These are the tiniest particles that comprise an organism or object.
_________________
2. This sub-atomic particle is located at the center of an atom which charge is
positive. ___________________
3. It is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei.
___________________
4. The neutral portion of an atom. _______________
5. A combination of atoms bind by bonds. ______________
MODULE 6 LESSON 1 MATTER GAYONG-GAYONG SUR IS
We are at the end of our journey. Congrats!
Now to see whether you have understood
our activities, answer the following question
below.
Direction: Encircle the correct answer.
1. What is the mass number of a Chlorine atom which has 17 protons and 18 neutrons?
a. 17
b. 18
c. 35
d. 37
2. Isotopes have same number of protons and different number of what atomic
particle?
a. Neutron
b. Proton
c. Electron
d. Quarks
3. Helium atom has an atomic number of 2 and mass number of 4. What is the number
of protons in an atom of Helium?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
4. What do you call the negative part of an atom?
a. Electron
b. Neutron
c. Proton
d. Quarks
5. What the general charge of an atom?
a. Negative
b. Neutral
c. Positive
d. Positive
