SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
INTRODUCTION TO MICROCOMPUTER
AND
APPLICATIONS
CIT 100
Lecture 3 – Computer Software
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 1
Communication
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Email:- husseinmkwazu@sua.ac.tz
Alt email:- husseinmkwazu@gmail.com
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Office: Mazimbu, Old library near computer
lab.
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 2
Terms
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Hardware
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Software
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System Software
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Application Software
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Specific purpose application software
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General purpose application software
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Open Source Software
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Proprietary Software
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Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 3
Computer system
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Is a combination of
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Hardware
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Software
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Hardware
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These are the tangible devices of the computer system.
e.g mouse, Hard-disk, keyboard, Monitor etc.
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Software
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I the program that tells a computer how to perform
tasks.
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Refers to the instructions that enable the computer to
perform its tasks. e.g Microsoft word, Microsoft excel,
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 4
Types of Software
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There are two types of software
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System Software
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Application Software
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 5
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 6
System Software
System Software includes the Operating System and all
the utilities that enable the computer to function.
System software is a term referring to any computer
software which manages and controls the hardware so
that application software can perform a task.
Example:
Operating Systems, Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter.
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 7
Application Software
➢
Application Software includes programs that do real work
for user.
➢
Application Software, Programs used by a computer user
to perform a certain task like word processing,
spreadsheets
Example:
Example
Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student
database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and Database
Management System etc.,
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Application Software types
There are two types of application software
➢
Specific purpose application software
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General purpose application software
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 9
Specific Purpose application
software
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These packages are written to carry out a prescribed set
of tasks and the user has very little control over the
process.
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E.g. the payroll package, the user is prompted to enter
the employee number, payroll number, number of
hours etc
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no opportunity to deviate from pre – programmed
activities.
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 10
General Purpose application
software
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These packages are written to carry out a prescribed set
of tasks and the user has very little control over the
process.
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E.g. the payroll package, the user is prompted to enter
the employee number, payroll number, number of
hours etc
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no opportunity to deviate from pre – programmed
activities.
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 11
Software Categories
There are two categories of softwares
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Open Source Software
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Proprietary Software
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 12
Open source software (OSS)
Open source software (OSS) is computer software
whose source code is available under a license that
permits users to use, change, and improve the software,
and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.
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It is often developed in a public, collaborative manner.
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Well-known OSS products are Linux, Netscape,
Apache, etc.,
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NOTE: Source code is the set of instructions and
statements written by a programmer using a computer
programming language
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 13
Proprietary software
Proprietary software (also called non-free software) is
software with restrictions on using, copying and modifying
as enforced by the proprietor. Restrictions on use,
modification and copying is achieved by either legal or
technical means and sometimes both.
Proponents of proprietary software are Microsoft.
Ex: CAD, Norton Antivirus etc.,
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System Software: Operating System
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Operating System is a software, which makes a
computer to actually work.
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It is the software that enables all the programs we use.
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The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
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OS acts as an interface between the application
programs and the machine hardware.
Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.,
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 15
Application Software: Word
Processors
Word processing is a tool that helps user in creating, editing,
and printing documents. Word processors will normally
have the following capabilities built into them:
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Spell checking
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Standard layouts for normal documents
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Have some characters appear in bold print, italics,
or underlined
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Center lines, make text line up on the left side of
the paper, or the right side of the paper
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Save the document so it can be used again
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print the document.
Examples: WordPerfect and Microsoft Word
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 16
Application Software : Spreadsheet
Spreadsheets:
Spreadsheets The spreadsheet packages are
designed to use numbers and formulas to do
calculations with ease. Examples of spreadsheets
include:
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Budgets
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Payrolls
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Grade Calculations
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Address Lists
The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are
Microsoft Excel and Lotus 123.
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 17
Application Software : Graphic
Presentation
Graphic Presentations: The presentation
programs can make giving presentations and using
overheads easier.
Other uses include:
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Slide Shows
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Repeating Computer Presentations on a
computer monitor.
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Using Sound and animation in slide shows
The most recognized graphic presentation programs are
Microsoft PowerPoint and Harvard Graphics.
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Application Software : DBMS
Database Management System (DBMS):
A DBMS is a software tool that allows multiple users to
store, access, and process data into useful information.
Database programs are designed for these types of
applications:
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Membership lists
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Student lists
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Grade reports
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Instructor schedules
All of these have to be maintained so you can find what
you need quickly and accurately.
Example:Microsoft Access, dBASE, Oracle.
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 19
Functions : Operating System
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Interfacing with users (typically via a GUI)
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Booting the computer
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Configuring devices
– Device drivers are often needed
– Plug and Play devices are recognized automatically
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Managing resources and jobs
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File management
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Security
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File Management
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Processing Techniques for
Increased Efficiency
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Multitasking:
Multitasking The ability of an operating system to work
with more than one program (task) at one time CPU
rotates between tasks
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Tasks are performed concurrently. Eg Playing music
while watching movies.
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 22
Processing Techniques for
Increased Efficiency
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Memory management:
management Optimizing the use of main
memory (RAM)
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Virtual memory:
memory Memory-management technique that
uses hard drive space as additional RAM
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 23
Different Operating system
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Early operating systems, like MS-DOS and UNIX, used
command-line interfaces.
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All input is done by keyboard
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Requires the user to know special operating system
commands
Examples: dir, mkdir, copy, type, chkdsk
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Most modern operating systems, like Windows, Mac OS,
and Linux, employ a graphical user interface (GUI)
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Input is accomplished by using the keyboard or mouse to
interact with on-screen elements.
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 24
Differences among Operating
Systems
Command line vs. graphical user interface (GUI)
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 25
Disk Operating Systems
Command line vs. graphical user interface (GUI)
Instructor : MKWAZU, Hussein 26
Check list.......
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Software (Types)
✔
System Software
✔
Application software
Specific purpose
General Purpose
Software (Categories)
✔
Open Source Software
✔
Proprietary Software
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