(Contra)Bassoon                 Bb Bass             Eb Bass
(Tuba)              (Tuba)
 Trombone                        Bb Trombone         Eb Cornet
 Euphonium/Baritone
 Tuba
 Strings (inc. Harp)
 Piano/Organ
 Guitars
Table 6 - Summary of Common Instruments by Written Clef
 TREBLE                                BASS                         ALTO
 Flutes                                Bassoons                     Viola
 Recorders (tenor and above)           Recorders (bass & below)     Cello (sometimes)
 Clarinets                             Trombones                    Bassoons (sometimes)
 Saxophones                            Euphonium/Baritone
 Oboes                                 Tubas
 Trumpets                              Cello
 Horns                                 Basses/Bass Guitars
 Violin                                Keyboards/Harp (LH)
 Guitars
 Keyboards/Harp (RH)
General rules for transposing instruments:
Bb: add 2 sharps to concert key signature
Eb: add 3 sharps to concert key signature (Eb parts in treble clef can be read by C instruments
in bass clef, with the appropriate time signature addition)
F: add 1 sharp to concert key signature
G: add 1 flat to concert key signature
A: add 3 flats to concert key signature
Arrangement in a score
In a score, instruments are arranged by section, and roughly by pitch within this. Brackets are
used around several staves to indicate sections. Occasionally, sub-brackets are used to indicate
specific groups of instruments (e.g. Eb, Bb, alto and bass clarinets). Specific instruments are
always arranged in order of pitch. Some reference layouts are included below.
Layout conventions will be stated below, and apply in all situations, except where noted.
Alternate conventions will be specified.
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