DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Biro Pusat Statistik,2018 “Statistik Perdagangan Luar Negeri Indonesia”,Jakarta.

Green, Don W,1986, “Perry’s Chemical Enginers, 6th Edition, Megraw Hill, inc,

Singapore.

Peters, M.S, and Timmerhaus, K.D, 1991, “Plant Design and Economic for

Chemical

Engineers”, 4th, Mcgraw Hill International Book Co., New York.

Treyball, R. E, 1987, “Mass Transfer Operation”, A Mcgraw Hill Clasic Textbook

Reissue Edition, The Mcgraw Hill Book Company, inc, USA

Wallas, S.M, 1998, “Chemical Process Equipment Selection and Design”,

Butterwoths Publishers, Boston USA.

Anonim.2019. Calsium Carbonate.http://Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Anonim.2019.Ammonium Asetat.http://Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

DAFTAR NOTASI

1. TANKI DAN STORAGE SILO

C = Tebal korosi yang diizinkan, m

DT = Diameter tanki, m

E = Efisiensi pengelasan, %

HS = Tinggi Silinder, m

HT = Tinggi Total tanki, m

h = Tinggi head, m

P = Tekanan operasi, atm

T = Tekanan operasi, oK

S = Working stress yang diizinkan, atm

t = Tebal tanki, m

Vs = Volume silinder, m3

Vc = Volume konis, m3

Vt = Volume tanki, m3
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2. BELT CONVEYOR DAN BUCKET ELEVATOR

C = Material faktor, dimensionless

K = Kapasitas, ton/jam

H = Panjang Belt, ft

W = Berat material, kg/jam

P = Power, Hp

V = Tinggi Belt, ft

3. SCREW CONVEYOR

C = Kapasitas, ft3/jam

P = Power, Hp

K = Koefisien material, dimensionless

L = Panjang Screw, ft
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4. Rod Mill-01

ρs = Densitas campuran, kg/m3

Dp = Diameter rata-rata partikel, m

m = Laju massa solid

Vs = Volume silinder, m3

L = Panjang, m

Drod = Diameter Rod, m

P’ = Tekanan desain, atm

C = Tebal korosi yang diizinkan, m

S = Working stress, kg/cm2

E = Welded joint efficien

D = Diameter mill, cm

t = Tebal dinding mill, cm

5. VIBRATING SCREEN-01

d = Diameter weir, in

a = Diameter bukaan, in

Ct = Rate bahan masuk

CU = Kapasitas unit, ton/J ft2

FOA = Luas bukaan, %

FS = Luas faktor slot

A = Luas total, ft2

6. CLARIFIER-01

A = Luas area Clarifier, m2

D = Diameter Thickener, m

t = Tebal dinding Clarifier, cm

P = Tekanan, atm

R = Jari-jari Thickener, cm

S = Stress yang diizinkan, kg/cm2

E = Joint efficiency
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C = Tebal korosi yang diizinkan, cm

7. FILTER PRESS-01 DAN 02

N = Jumlah plate and frame, buah

A = Luas filtrasi, ft2

8. ROTARY DRUM FILTER-01

x = Rasio solid slurry

ρL = Densitas Filtrat, lbm/ft3

ρs = Densitas Cake, lbm/ft3

μL = Viskositas filtrate, lb/ft.dt

μL = Viskositas Udara, lb/ft.dt

ƔL = Surface tension filtrate, lbf/ft

X = Porositas

y = Spherisitas

Dp = Diameter partikel, mesh

∆pc = Pressure drop cake, psf

Fre = Reynold number factor

Ff = Friction Faktor
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K = Permeabilitas, Lbm.ft3/lbf.dt

CL = Konstanta filtrasi yang berkaitan dengan tebal cake, lbf.dt/ft4

Ct = Konstanta filtrasi yang berkaitan dengan waktu filtrasi, dt

Cu = Konstanta filtrasi yang berkaitan dengan laju superfisial udara

Va = Kecepatan Udara, ft/dt

VL = Kecepatan Filtrate

Sr = Residual Saturation

t = Waktu pembentukan Cake

V = Kapasitas Blower, cuft/ft2.cycle

Cm = Final Moisture content di dalam cake, kg air/kg solid

A = Luas daerah Filtrasi, ft2

t = Waktu filtrasi, ft2

r = Jari-jari drum, m

P’ = Panjang drum, m

P = Tenaga yang diperlukan, Hp

09. ROTARY DRYER-01

Qt = Total Panas yang dipindahkan, Kkal/jam

D = Diameter Dryer

L = Panjang Dryer

G = Laju massa udara

∆tm = Log Mean Temperatur udara masuk dan keluar dryer

t1 = Temperatur udara masuk, oC

t2 = Temperatur udara keluar, oC

Nt = Number of heat transfer unit

N = Jumlah putaran permenit

e = Waktu tinggal, menit

S = Slope Dryer

F = Laju umpan terhadap dryer, lb/jam ft2

f = Flight

P = Power rotary dryer, Hp

10. POMPA

P1 = Tekanan pompa 1, Pa

P2 = Tekanan pompa 2, Pa

z1 = Tinggi larutan 1, m

z2 = Tinggi larutan 2, m

ρ campuran = Densitas campuran, kg/m3

μ = Viskositas, cP

η = Efisiensi, dimensionless

Kc = Kontraksi keluaran tanki

Kex = Expansion loss, ft

Ws = Work shaft, ft lbf/lbm

H = Head Pompa

q = Laju Volumetrik, ft3/s

NRe = Bilangan Reynold

ε/D = Faktor kekasaran

A = Area alir pipa, in2

ID = Diameter optimum dalam pipa baja, in

gc = Percepatan gravitasi, ft/det2

∆P = Total static head, ft

s = Ekivalen roughness, dimensionless

12. AIR HEATER

Tav = Temperatur available, oF

Cp = Kapasitas panas, Btu/lb oF

Q = Kalor, Btu/hr

m = Massa, lb/hr

Ga = Massa velocity udara, lb/jam.ft2

μ = Viskositas, cP

Uc = Koefisien perpindahan panas keadaan bersih, Btu/jam.ft2. oF

Ud = Koefisien perpindahan panas desain, Btu/jam.ft2. oF

A = Luas, ft2
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13. EKSTRAKTOR

V1 = Volume liquid dalam tanki

HI = Tinggi larutan dalam tanki, m

PD = Tekanan Desain, psia

ts = Tebal Tanki, in

thead = Tebal tutup standar, in

14. REAKTOR

E = Energi,

XA = Konversi reaksi

-rA = Kecepatan reaksi

k = Konstanta kecepatan reaksi

τ = Waktu reaksi

NA = Mol A mula-mula

CA0 = Konsentrasi A mula-mula

Vr = Volume reaktor
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Vl = Volume liquid

Ve = Volume ellipsoid

Hr = Tinggi reaktor

Hl = Tinggi Liquid

He = Tinggi Ellipsoid head

Dt = Diameter reactor

Ts = Tebal shell

P = Jari-jari reactor

E = Effisiensi Joint

S = Stress allowable

C = Tebal korosi yang diizinkan

Te = Tebal ellipsoid

d = Diameter pengaduk

t = Lebar pengadukan

Hi = Jarak pengaduk I dari dasar tanki

P = Daya pengadukan

KT = Konstanta tipe impeller

Np = Kecepatan pengadukan