Master second degree

Under supervision

Dr/ Maha Abdeen

Dr/ Azaa Abd-Eldaym
Dr/ Aisha Elsaid
Prepared by

Samar Ibrahim Mostafa

2020
 outline
 Introduction

 Communication Definition

 Communication Objectives

 Communication Process

 The Essentials Of Effective Communication

 Role Of Communication

 The Importance Of Good Communication At

Workplace
 Principles Of Effective Communication

 Types Of Communication
 Communication Forms

Communication Skills

Communication Barriers

 Tips For Improving Your Communication Skills

 Reference
 Introduction
Communication is an integral part of our daily lives
communication is a process that give people the
opportunity to reflect ,construct personal knowledge,
and develop a sense of collective knowledge about
others

Definition
Communication is simply act of transferring
information from one place or person or group to
another

Communication is a process by which information,

feeling ,facts, and thoughts is exchanged between
individuals through a common system of symbols
,signs, or behavior

Communication objectives
1. To develop information, and understanding among all
workers in the organization.

2. To foster any attitude which is necessary for

motivation and cooperation in the organization

3. To encourage better performance and job satisfaction

in the organization.
4. To prepare workers in the organization for a change in
methods or environment by giving them the necessary
information in advance.

5. To discourage misinformation, ambiguity and rumors

in the organization.

6. To encourage subordinates in the organization to

supply ideas and suggestions for improving upon
product or work environment and taking these
suggestions seriously

7. To improve labor-management relations in the

organization.

8. To encourage social relations among workers in the

organization by encouraging into communication.

9. To accomplish all the basic management functions—

planning, organizing, leading/directing and controlling in
the organization.

10. To achieve their goals and meet challenges in the

organization.
Communication process

1. sender:
the person who approaches our services with the
intention of getting an answer to his or her questions
or passing a feedback.
2. ideas: 
the passed ideas are the subject matter of this action.
these can represent attitudes, opinions, views,
feelings, suggestions, complaints or questions.
3. encoding:
represents the conversion of subject matter in certain
symbols
4. communication channel: 
Online, the communication channel is the chat
window. there are certain techniques that we'll
discuss in future articles, we use to warm the
discussion
 5. receiver:
The receiver is a member of our team, whose main
activity is to solve clients` problems and represent
your brand.
6. decoding:
The receiver has to extract the meaning from the
symbols sent by the sender and understand
completely what he needs.
7. feedback: 
Is the process in which the receiver and the sender
are ensuring that they understood each other
correctly and they are proceeding to find a solution.

The essentials of effective communication

1. common communication environment
2. cooperation between the sender and the receiver
3. selection of an appropriate channel
4. correct encoding and decoding of the message
5. receipt of the desired response and feedback

Role of communication
1. it builds good relationship
2. it promotes clear thinking
3. it helps remove doubt
4. it acquires new skills
5. it helps gaining the knowledge
6. it results in finding solutions
7. it eliminates misunderstanding
8. it motivates and increases efficiency
9. it helps in co-operating each other
10. it supports to build positive image

The importance of good communication

at workplace
o team building
o Mitigates conflict
o strong management
o Creates better relationships
o practical workflow processes
o proper utilization of resources
o Improves worker productivity.
o Increasing employee efficiency
o Consistent performance feedback
o increase employee job satisfaction
o Creating a successful work environment
o Decrease absenteeism and turnover rate.

Principles of effective communication

1. The principle of clarity: a message should be clear,
free from distortion and noise.
2. Principles of brevity: a communication should be
brief i.e. just necessary and sufficient. Repetition
and over-explanation are likely to destroy the
actual meaning and importance of the message.
3. The principle of simplicity: message should be given
using simple and familiar words. Simple words are
easy to understand and help the receiver to
respond quickly.
 4. The principle of timeliness: If communication is
made in time, communication becomes effective. If
it is made untimely then it may become useless.
5. The principle of compass: the communication net
should cover the whole organization. The
concerned people must know “what exactly they
need and “when they need it.
6. The principle of integrity: communication should
consider the level of people, principles & objectives
of an organization to create a network or chain.
such a network will provide a better field of internal
and external communication.
7. The principle of strategic use of informal
organization: the most effective communication
results when managers use the informal
organization as a complementary to formal
communication
8. The principle of feedback: to provide a message to
the receiver is not a complete communication. the
response from a receiver is essential. Therefore
feedback is required for communication to be
effective.
9. The principle of alternativeness: effective listening
is important in communication otherwise
communication will be ineffective and useless.
10. The principle of language control: the sender
should be careful in selecting proper words and
forming sentences, words and structured sentences

 proper utilisation of resources- if an organisation faces

problems, crisis and conflicts due to miscomer utilisation
of resources- if an organisation faces problems, crisis
and conflicts due to miscommunication
Types of communication
1) Verbal communication

 Oral Communication.
Face-to-face conversation, telephone talk, presentation,
public speech, interview, meeting
Advantages of oral verbal communication

It saves time

Feedback quickness

Persuasion in the act

Ease of preparation

Maintain secrecy

Clarity of message

Legality of the content

Use of convenient method

Disadvantages of oral verbal communication

High cost

No rectification

Not convenient for long messages

Irrelevant information

Create a misunderstanding

Too many ways of communicating

 written communication

Advantages of written communication:

 easy to preserve
 permanent record
 accurate presentation
 use as a reference
 delegation of authority
 maintaining image
 less distortion possibility
 No opportunity to misinterpret
 easy to verify
  clear understanding,
 legal document
 creating confidence
Disadvantages of written communication

 time consuming
 difficult to maintain secrecy
 lack of flexibility
 Delay in response
 Delay in decision making
 complex words
 lack of direct relation

2) Non-Verbal Communication
Nonverbal communication include facial expressions,
the tone and pitch of the voice, and body language
Advantages of non-verbal communication:

 complementary
 easy presentation
 substituting
 help to illiterate people
 attractive presentation
 Reducing wastage of time
 quick expression of message

Disadvantages of non-verbal communication:

 use multi-channel
 long conversations are not possible
  Difficult to understand.
 Not everybody prefers.
 lack of formality
 costly
 distortion of information
3) Visual communication
This is communication through visual aids like drawings,
placards, presentations, and illustrations, etc.

Elements in visual communication.

 colors (such as brand colors)

 design (logo and brand design)
 advertising
 animations
 typography
 presentations

Advantages of visual communication

 helps in re-enforcing oral communication and

written communication
 pictures and illustrations have stronger impact
than words
 Can be understood by both literate and illiterate
people.
 jumps over the hurdle of language differences
 increase the credibility of your message
 more attention-grabbing and engaging
  more flexible

Disadvantages of visual communication

 very expensive
 Take a large billboard for example.
 easily misunderstand

4) Formal vs. informal communication

basis for informal
formal communication
comparison communication

Meaning A type of verbal A type of verbal

communication in communication in
which the interchange which the interchange
of information is done of information does
through the pre- not follow any
defined channels is channels i.e. the
known as formal communication
communication. stretches in all
directions.

Advantage Effective due to timely Efficient because

and systematic flow of employees can discuss
information. work related
problems, this saves
time and cost of the
organization.

Disadvantage Distortion due to long spread of rumors

chain of
 basis for informal
formal communication
comparison communication

communication.

5-Communication Technology
 telephone/mobile phone
 radio
 television
 internet
 e-mail
Advantages of Communication Technology:
 more efficient
 faster method of communication during
emergencies
 able to communicate from anywhere in the world
 long distance communication is easier

Disadvantages of Communication Technology:

 Harder to use for people of older generations
 Not always reliable
 makes communication less personal
 Not always sure who you are communicating with

Communication forms
 one way communication
 a person always instructing another
 always speaking without giving chance for the
other to respond
 always directing the other to do something
 suitable for emergency situations

 two way communication

This two way communication could be classified into
two: one to many and many to one.
(A) one to one communication
(b) One to many communications
(C) Many to one communication

Communication skills
Communication skills are abilities you use when giving
and receiving different kinds of information

 Active listening
 Friendliness
 Confidence
 Empathy
 Respect
 Responsiveness
 Open-mindedness
 emotional intelligence

 cohesion and clarity

 Asking good questions
 use and read body language

 Giving and receiving feedback

 Adapting your communication style to your
audience

Communication barriers
 language barriers

 Clearly, language and linguistic ability may act as a

barrier to communication. However, even when
communicating in the same language, the
terminology used in a message may act as a barrier if
it is not fully understood by the receiver(s)

 psychological barriers
 The psychological state of the receiver will influence
how the message is received. For example, if
someone has personal worries and is stressed, they
may be preoccupied by personal concerns and not as
receptive to the message as if they were not stressed.
Stress management is an important personal skill that
affects our interpersonal relationships. Anger is
another example of a psychological barrier to
communication

 physiological barriers
 Physiological barriers may result from the receiver’s
physical state. For example, a receiver with reduced
hearing may not grasp the entirety of a spoken
conversation, especially if there is significant
background noise.

 physical barriers

 An example of a physical barrier to communication is

geographic distance between the sender and
receiver(s). Communication is generally easier over
shorter distances as more communication channels
are available and less technology is required. although
modern technology often serves to reduce the impact
of physical barriers, the advantages and
disadvantages of each communication channel should
be understood so that an appropriate channel can be
used to overcome the physical barriers.

 attitudinal barriers
 Attitudinal barriers are behaviors or perceptions that
prevent people from communicating effectively.
Attitudinal barriers to communication may result from
personality conflicts, poor management, Resistance to
change, or a lack of motivation. Effective receivers of
messages should attempt to overcome their own
attitudinal barriers to facilitate effective
communication.

 Cultural differences
 The nurse needs to be sensitive when dealing
with a patient from different cultural what is
acceptable for one not acceptable for another

Tips for improving your communication skills

1. make communication a priority
2. simplify and stay on message
3. engage your listeners
4. Take time to respond.
5. Make sure you are understood.
6. develop your listening skills
7. body language is important
8. maintain eye contact
9. respect your audience
10. Start and end with key points.
11. record important presentations for posterity
12. Add novelty to improve audience retention.
13. Focus on earning respect instead of laughs.
Reference
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gruyter.
Burn, j. p. (2010). Missing pieces: 7 ways to improve
employee well-being and organizational effectiveness.
New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

canary, h. (2011). Communication and organizational

knowledge: contemporary issues for theory and
practice. Florence, KY: Taylor & Francis.

Cheney, g. (2011). Organizational communication in an

age of globalization: issues, reflections, practices. Long
grove, IL: Waveland press.

Eisenberg, e. m. (2013). Organizational communication:

balancing creativity and constraint. New York, NY: Saint
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Green, r. l. (2010). The four dimensions of principal
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