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Patho Pneumonia

Pneumonia occurs when microbes overwhelm the lungs' first and second lines of defense, allowing infection of the alveoli. White blood cells migrate to the alveoli and release inflammatory mediators, causing fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange. Symptoms include fever, chills, chest pain, and productive cough with rusty sputum as the inflammatory exudate is absorbed or expectorated. Without treatment, the infection can spread, oxygen levels in the blood and tissues can fall, and respiratory failure may result.

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3K views2 pages

Patho Pneumonia

Pneumonia occurs when microbes overwhelm the lungs' first and second lines of defense, allowing infection of the alveoli. White blood cells migrate to the alveoli and release inflammatory mediators, causing fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange. Symptoms include fever, chills, chest pain, and productive cough with rusty sputum as the inflammatory exudate is absorbed or expectorated. Without treatment, the infection can spread, oxygen levels in the blood and tissues can fall, and respiratory failure may result.

Uploaded by

ailyne_galicia
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Causative Agent

Pathophysiology of Pneumonia S. Pneumoniae

Failure of First Line of Defense


( Cough and Sneezing Reflex)

Microbes multiply in trachea

Ciliary Action Overwhelmed

Failure of Second Line Defense


( Ciliary Action )

Microbes reach alveoli

WBC migrate & Inflammatory reaction occurs in


accumulate in the alveoli alveoli

Release of chemical mediators


Neutrophils, RBC’s such as histamine, cytokines and Vasodilation
Red Hepatization & fibrin accumulate WBC & macrophage
prostaglandins
in alveolar exudate release pyrogen

Pyrogen circulates in Capillary Permeability Blood flow


Forms a solid mass
Consolidation the blood
in the lobe

Accumulation of fluid in alveoli RALES


Consolidation Stimulation of
Gray Hepatization exudate undergoes hypothalamus to
enzymatic digestion reset at high level
(Purulent fluid) Alveolar Edema

C
B A
B C A

Inflammatory exudate is Activation of heat


absorbed/expectorated production mechanisms
Pleural Flow of air in Inadequate
Effusion the alveolus is ventilation of
occurs blocked the lungs
Allows Expectoration
CHILLS FEVER HR
Infection of Alveolar
the pleural Impaired gas oxygen
PRODUCTIVE COUGH membrane exchanged tension
WITH RUSTY SPUTUM

Local irritation of Ventilation-


nerve endings O2 in the blood perfusion
during coughing mismatch
and deep
breathing
O2 supply in DYSPNEA

PLEURITIC tissues
CHEST PAIN

o2 supply o2 supply
Stimulation of
in muscles carotid & aortic in brain
chemoreceptors

Anaerobic HEAD ACHE


respiration Stimulation of
the respiratory
Center

Production
of lactic acid
RR

MUSCLE
PAIN

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