LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

(Plant Materials)
NAME : RIYA BANSAL
A1904017035
 TREES
A tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches
and and leaves in most species.
INDIAN LABURNUM
BOTANICAL NAME : CASSIA FISTULA
● The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions
of Southeast Asia.
● SIZE OF TREE : 10–20 m (33–66 ft) tall with fast growth.
● LEAVES : leaves are deciduous, 15–60 cm (6–24 in) long.
● FLOWER : 4–7 cm in diameter with five yellow petals of equal size.
● FRUIT : 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long and 1.5–2.5 cm (0.6–1.0 in) broad.
● It grows well in dry climates.

Flower Detail Seeds of Cassia Fistula Flower with 5 petals Leaves of cassia fistula
THE PRIDE OF INDIA / QUEEN CRAPE MYRTLE
BOTANICAL NAME : Lagerstroemia speciosa
● It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in tropical and
subtropical areas.
● SIZE OF TREE : Upto 20 metres tall, with smooth, flaky bark.
● LEAVES : leaves are deciduous, oval to elliptic, 8–15 cm long and
3–7 cm broad.
● FLOWER : six white to purple petals 2–3.5 cm long.

Panicles of Flowers Dried Fruits Flower detail Leaves

THE SILK COTTON TREE
BOTANICAL NAME : BOMBAX CEIBA
● This Asian tropical tree has a straight tall trunk and its leaves are
deciduous in winter.
● SIZE OF TREE : 20 m, with old trees up to 60 m in wet tropical regions.
● LEAVES : 7–10 cm wide, 13–15 cm long.
● FLOWER : average of 3–5 cm in diameter.
● FRUIT : average of 13 centimetres in length.

Mature Fruit Clustered Flowers Flower with 5 petals Leaves

THE FLAME-OF-FOREST
BOTANICAL NAME : BUTEA MONOSPERMA
● native to tropical and sub-tropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent
and Southeast Asia.
● SIZE OF TREE : growing to 15 m tall. It is a fast-growing tree.
● LEAVES : an 8–16 cm petiole and three leaflets.
● FLOWER : The flowers are 2.5 cm long.
● FRUIT : The fruit is a pod 15–20 cm long and 4–5 cm broad.
● It is used for timber, resin, fodder, medicine, and dye.

Green Seed pods Raceme of Flowers Single flower Leaves

INDIAN TULIP TREE
BOTANICAL NAME : THESPESIA POPULNEA
● the Portia tree is probably native only to the Old World tropics.
● SIZE OF TREE : 6–10 m (20–33 ft) tall.
● TREE TRUNK : up to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) in diameter.
● LEAVES :10-20 cm long and 6-13 cm wide.
● FLOWERS : 5 to 8 cm with a dark blotch at the base of the petals.
● Can grow in the wide range of soil types that may be present in coastal
environments.

Fruit Tree Trunk Flower of the tree Leaves

 HERBS
Herbs are plants with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring
and and garnishing food, for medicinal purposes.
ASHWGANDHA
BOTANICAL NAME : WINTHARIA SOMNIFERA
● The root has a strong horse-like odor.
● SIZE OF HERB : growing 35–75 cm (14–30 in) tall.
● LEAVES : They are dull green, elliptic, usually up to 10–12 cm (4 to 5 in)
long.
● FLOWER : They are small, green and bell-shaped.
● FRUIT : The ripe fruit is orange-red.
● native to India and North Africa
● its root powder, has been used for centuries in traditional Indian
.medicine

Fruits Flower Roots Leaves

FENNEL
BOTANICAL NAME : FOENICULUM VULGARE
● Native to southern Europe and Asia
● It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves.
● SIZE OF HERB : up to 2.5 metres (8 ft), with hollow stems
● LEAVES : grow up to 40 centimetres (16 in) long; and are finely
dissected
● FLOWER : compound umbels 5–15 centimetres (2–6 in) wide.
● FRUIT : a dry schizocarp from 4–10 mm long.

Fennel Fruits Umbels with tiny flowers Florence bulbs Leaves

HORSE MINT
BOTANICAL NAME : MENTHA LONGIFOLIA
● Native to Florida.
● It’s more drought tolerant than other types of mints.
● It can grow well in poor soil and full sun.
● SIZE OF HERB : 40 to 120 cm in height.
● LEAVES : Oblong-elliptical to lanceolate.
● FLOWER : Purplish or white, 3‑5 mm long.
● FRUIT : The fruit is a pod 15–20 cm long and 4–5 cm broad.
● any plant that grows along the ground, around another plant, or up a wall by means of
extending stems or branches.

Bunch of Flowers Flowers Leaves

TULSI / HOLY BASIL
BOTANICAL NAME : OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM
● It is native to the Indian subcontinent.
● Tulsi is cultivated for religious and traditional medicine purposes, and for
its essential oil.
● SIZE OF HERB : 30–60 cm (12–24 in) tall with hairy stems
● LEAVES : up to 5 cm (2.0 in)-long blade.
● FLOWER : purplish flowers are placed in close whorls on elongated
racemes.
● it requires warm temperatures to germinate.
● The soil should be kept continuously moist, but not soggy.

Racemes of Flowers Young Racemes Inflorescence Leaves

ROSEMARY
BOTANICAL NAME : SALVIA ROSMARINUS
● native to the dry, rocky areas of the Mediterranean
● woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves.
● SIZE OF HERB : 1.5 m (5 ft) tall, rarely 2 m (6 ft 7 in)
● LEAVES : 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long and 2–5 mm broad,
● FLOWER : flowers are white, pink, purple or deep blue.
● The leaves are used to flavor various foods, such as stuffing and roast
meats.
● Rosemary grows on loam soil with good drainage in an open, sunny
po.sition

FLOWERS DRIED LEAVES FRUITS & SEEDS LEAVES

 GROUND COVERS
Ground cover is any plant that grows over an area of ground. Groundcover
provides provides protection of the topsoil from erosion and drought.
WOOLLY THYME
BOTANICAL NAME : Thymus pseudolanuginosus
● Native to Europe.
● Once established, it tolerates dry conditions and spreads slowly,
eventually creating a thick mat of foliage
● SIZE OF GROUND COVER : They are low growing
● LEAVES : Tiny leaves are green and often edged with gray to silver.
● FLOWER : In summer the plant adds a bonus and produces sweet
little pink to purple flowers.
● plant in well draining soil.
● woolly thyme ground cover emits a pleasant fragrance.

Flowers & leaves Flowers Leaves

IRISH MOSS
BOTANICAL NAME : SAGINA SUBULATA
● native to Europe, from Iceland south to Spain
● SIZE OF GROUND COVER : 1 to 2 inches in height.
● FLOWER : Small, star-shaped, white flowers cover this flowering
ground cover
● Irish Moss is very soft to walk on barefoot, and it has a slightly
spongy feel to it.
● Irish Moss ground cover needs moisture retentive, gritty,
well-drained soil

Bunch of Flowers Flowers Leaves

BLUE STAR
BOTANICAL NAME : ISOTOMA FLUVIATILIS
● Native to Australia, New Zealand
● Its a herbaceous perennial.
● SIZE OF GROUND COVER : 3 inches high, 18 inch spread
● FLOWER : Light blue, light purple
● It can tolerate heavy foot traffic, extreme weather
conditions, and even drought.
● It requires less water than a traditional grass lawn
● It should receive direct sunlight for most of the day.

Bunch of Flowers Flowers Leaves

MOSS PHLOX
BOTANICAL NAME : PHLOX SUBULATA
● native to eastern and central USA
● Its a herbaceous perennial.
● SIZE OF GROUND COVER : 6 inches tall and 2 feet wide
● FLOWER : Pink, red, white, blue, rose, lavender, purple
● The flowers are densely packed
● Creeping phlox plants do best in evenly moist but well-drained soils
rich in humus or compost.
● Phlox subulata is relatively pest and disease-free and has moderate
drought tolerance.

Bunch of Flowers Flowers Leaves

LADY’S MANTLE
BOTANICAL NAME : ALCHEMILLA
● Native to Europe.
● Its a herbaceous perennial.
● SIZE OF GROUND COVER : about 6 to 8 inches
● FLOWER : Yellow flowers
● The flowers are densely packed
● grows well in regions with cool summers and moist, fertile soil
● Lady's Mantle doesn't tend to suffer from any pests or diseases.
● The basal leaves are covered in fine hairs, and are
superhydrophobic.

Leaves & Flowers Flowers Leaves

 TWINERS
Twiners are the plants which wind themselves around supports like ropes and
rods rods with their touch-sensitive main shoots.
RUNNER BEAN
BOTANICAL NAME : PHASEOLUS COCCINEUS
● native to the America
● SIZE OF TWINNER : Up to 3 m (9 ft) or more in length.
● FLOWER : Plants have both male and female flowers
● LEAVES : It has typical trifoliate leaves.
● FRUITS : The knife-shaped pods are normally green.
● The seeds of the plant can be used fresh or as dried beans.
● For the best results grow scarlet runner beans in full sun in rich soil
with plenty of organic matter and average moisture.

Watermelon Flowers Leaves

BINDWEED
BOTANICAL NAME : CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS

● native to Europe and Asia.

● SIZE OF TWINNER : UP to 0.5–2 m high.
● FLOWER : 1–2.5 cm diameter, white or pale pink,
● LEAVES : 2–5 cm long .
● FRUITS : rounded and 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) wide
● Flowering occurs in the mid-summer, when white to pale pink,
funnel-shaped flowers develop.

Leaves
Capsules & Seeds Flowers
COMMON HOP
BOTANICAL NAME : HUMULUS LUPULUS
● Native to Europe
● SIZE OF TWINNER : up to 10 meters tall.
● FLOWER : The staminate (male) flowers do not have petals, while
the pistillate (female) flowers’ petals completely cover the fruit.
● LEAVES : It has simple leaves
● FRUITS : the fruit is dry and does not split open at maturity.
● they are fertile and moisture-holding: light to heavy loams are
best.
● Hops were originally used in beer-making

FRUIT MALE & FEMALE FLOWERS LEAVES

FRENCH BEANS
BOTANICAL NAME : PHASEOLUS VULGARIS
● It is grown in Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,
Jammu and Kashmir and NE states.
● SIZE OF TWINNER : 2–3 m (7–10 ft) long
● FLOWER : white, pink, or purple flowers are about 2 cm long
● LEAVES : each 6–15 cm long and 3–11 cm wide.
● FRUITS : 8–20 cm (3–8 in) long and 1–1.5 cm wide.
● A well drained loamy soil with pH range of 5.5-6.0 with cool
climate is suited for French bean cultivation.

Fruits ( Beans) Flowers Leaves

FIRECRACKER VINE
BOTANICAL NAME : IPOMOEA LOBATA
● It is native to Mexico and Brazil.
● SIZE OF TWINNER : 5 m (16 ft) tall.
● FLOWER : one-sided racemes of flowers.
● LEAVES : It has toothed and lobed leaves.
● Grow as an annual climber in a moist but well-drained soil in full
sun and sheltered from cold winds.
● Colors are graded along the stem, ranging from red to white
with all hues between represented.

Racemes of flower Flowers Leaves

 SHRUBS
A shrub or bush is a small- to medium-sized perennial woody plant ,which is
smaller smaller than a tree.
FLAME OF THE WOODS
BOTANICAL NAME : IXORA COCCINEA
● It is native to Southern India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
● SIZE OF SHRUB : evergreen shrub,4–6 ft (1.2–1.8 m) in height
● FLOWER : rounded clusters 2–5 in (5.1–12.7 cm)
● LEAVES : 4 in (10 cm) long,
● FRUITS : A berry
● thrive in rich, moist, peat-based soil.
● The flowers, leaves, roots, and the stem are used to treat various
ailments in the Indian traditional system of medicine,

Flower Cluster of Flowers Fruits Leaves

OLEANDER
BOTANICAL NAME : NERIUM OLEANDER
● Oleander is native to the Mediterranean region,
● SIZE OF SHRUB : 2–6 m (6.6–19.7 ft) tall
● FLOWER : 2.5–5 cm diameter
● LEAVES : 5–21 cm long and 1–3.5 cm broad.
● FRUITS : 5–23 cm (2.0–9.1 in) long,
● Oleander is native to dry and rocky Mediterranean soil, so it's
able to tolerate poor soil and some drought.
● It is an evergreen shrub.

Flower Cluster of Flowers Follicle Leaves

CAPE PLUMBAGO
BOTANICAL NAME : PLUMBAGO AURICULATA
● It is native to South Africa.
● SIZE OF SHRUB : 6 m (20 ft) tall by 3 m (10 ft) wide
● FLOWER : t 2 cm wide and can be pale blue, blue or violet
● LEAVES : Up to 5 cm (2 in) long
● FRUITS : The fruit are small capsules covered with sticky hairs.
● These plants will experience the best growth in well-drained,
slightly acidic soils that are rich in organic matter.
● It is an evergreen shrub.

Flower Cluster of Flowers Follicle Leaves

CANDLE BUSH
BOTANICAL NAME : SENNA ALATA
● It is native to most of the Neotropics (from Mexico to Paraguay)
● SIZE OF SHRUB : 3–4 metres (9.8–13.1 ft) tall
● FLOWER : Yellow coloured
● LEAVES : 50–80 centimetres (20–31 in) long.
● FRUITS : shaped like a straight pod, is up to 25 cm long.
● The leaves close in the dark.
● Prefers a moist but well-drained soil in a sunny position

Flower Inflorescence Fruits Leaves

SMOOTH HYDRANGEA
BOTANICAL NAME : HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS
● It is deciduous shrub and is native to the eastern United States.
● SIZE OF SHRUB : up to 3 m (10 ft) tall
● FLOWER : usually less than 1 cm in diameter.
● LEAVES : leaves are large (8 to 18 cm long)
● FRUITS : about 2 mm long
● It is mainly found in moist soils
● Easily grown in average, medium moisture, well-drained soils in
part shade.

Flower Cluster of Flowers Fruits Leaves

 CLIMBERS
Have a very thin, long and weak stem which cannot stand upright and use
external external support to grow vertically
MORNING GLORY
BOTANICAL NAME : IPOMOEA
● It is native to tropical America.
● SIZE OF Climbers : 6 to 12 feet, 3 TO 6 feet wide.
● FLOWER : purple, pink, or white flowers about 7 cm across
● LEAVES : They form heart shaped leaves.
● FRUITS : They form seed pods
● Morning glories prefer moderately fertile, well-drained soil that is
kept consistently moist until the plant is well established.
● They open in the morning and gets closed by evening.

Flower Cluster of Flowers Seed Pods Leaves

DEVIL’S IVY
BOTANICAL NAME : EPIPREMNUM AUREUM
● This plant is a native of Australia, Indonesia, China, Japan and
India.
● SIZE OF Climbers : can grow as long as 40 ft.
● LEAVES : Leaves heart-shaped to elliptic-ovate, glossy medium
green variegated with paler green underside.
● The best results are achieved by providing indirect light.
● cases of blooms when grown indoors are extremely rare.

Flower Wall support Foliage & stem Leaves

STAR JASMINE
BOTANICAL NAME : TRACHELOSPERMUM JASMINOIDES

● It native to eastern and southeastern Asia

● SIZE OF Climbers : 3 m (10 ft) high.
● FLOWER : 1–2 cm diameter
● LEAVES : 2–10 cm long and 1–4.5 cm broad,
● FRUITS : slender follicle 10–25 cm long and 3–10 mm broad,
● they bloom best in full sun, they do well in partial shade

Flower Cluster of Flowers Seed Pods Leaves

 VINES
Vines: are those plants whose stem requires support and that climbs by tendrils or
creep creep along the ground or the stem of other plant.
MOUNTAIN CLEMATIS
BOTANICAL NAME : CLEMATIS MONTANA
● It is native to mountain areas of Asia from Afghanistan to Taiwan
● SIZE OF VINES : Left unchecked it can grow to 12 m (39 ft)
● FLOWER : 3"-4" flowers appear late spring to early summer
● Sandy and loamy, well drained soil.
● Exposure – full sun
● Soil – deep and cool
● Foliage – deciduous
● Flowering – May
●

Flower Cluster of Flowers Pink Flowers Leaves

CHOCOLATE VINE
BOTANICAL NAME : AKEBIA QUINATA
● China, Japan, Korea; has naturalized in many areas of North
America
● SIZE OF VINES : 30 to 50 feet,
● FLOWER : dangling purple flowers with three petals
● LEAVES : glossy dark green leaves that are oval-shaped
● FRUITS : They form seed pods
● sandy loam with a high percentage of organic matter.
● The fruit contains a sweet soft pulp resembling a white
dragonfruit, eaten primarily in Japan as a seasonal delicacy.

Flower Cluster of Flowers Fruits Leaves

HARDY KIWI VINE
BOTANICAL NAME : ACTINIDIA ARGUTA
● It is native to China, East Asia
● SIZE OF VINES : 10 to 30 feet tall/wide
● FLOWER : Green, white
● FRUITS : grape-sized fruit similar to kiwifruit
● It prefer Well-drained loamy soil.
● The vines need a frost-free growing season of about 150
days
● train the vines on a sturdy support structure, such as a trellis,
arbor, pergola, or fence.

Flower Cluster of Flowers Fruits Leaves

TRUMPET VINE
BOTANICAL NAME : CAMPSIS RADICANS
● It is native to Southern eastern US.
● SIZE OF VINES : 30 to 40 feet,
● FLOWER : orange to red in color with a yellowish throat
● LEAVES : 3–10 cm long
● FRUITS : 10-20 cm long
● it is a vigorous, deciduous woody vine.
● These vines do well in almost any soil.
● It is a good vine for hot, dry conditions, but it needs lots of
room.

Flower Cluster of Flowers Fruits Leaves

 PASSION VINES
BOTANICAL NAME : PASSIFLORA
● It is native to Southern eastern US.
● SIZE OF VINES : Varies; some species grow to 30 feet
● FLOWER : The flower has a wide, flat petal base with five or 10
petals.
● FRUITS : It is an oval yellowish berry about the size of a hen egg
● LEAVES : measuring 6–15 centimetres
● The soil should be well-draining, but rich.
● The plants grow in full sun and need direct sunlight for at least
half of the day.

Flower Cluster of Flowers Fruits Leaves

 CREEPERS
Any plant that grows along the ground, around another plant, or up a wall by
means means of extending stems or branches.
ASH GOURD
BOTANICAL NAME : BENINCASA HISPIDA
● It is native from Southeast Asia
● It is grown in well-drained loam and sandy soils in warm, mild
climates, and will not tolerate frosts.
● FLOWER : YELLOW COLOURED.
● Ash gourds of the Indian subcontinent have a white coating
with a rough texture
● the ASH gourd is recognized for its medicinal properties in the
Ayurvedic system of medicine

Ash Gourd Flowers Leaves

WATERMELON
BOTANICAL NAME : CITRULLUS LANATUS
● native to tropical Africa and cultivated around the world.
● Long season watermelons mature in 80 to 90 days.
● FLOWER : Plants have both male and female flowers
● LEAVES : 60 to 200 mM long and 40 to 150 mm wide.
● FRUITS : Wild plants have fruits up to 20 cm (8 in) in diameter,
● Watermelons are plants grown in climates from tropical to
temperate, needing temperatures higher than about 25 °C

Watermelon Flowers Leaves

APARAJITA
BOTANICAL NAME : CLITORIA TERNATEA
● native to equatorial Asia, including locations the Indian sub-continent
● Its a herbaceous perennial.
● FLOWER : 4 cm (1.6 in) long by 3 cm (1.2 in) wide
● LEAVES : elliptic, obtuse leaves.
● FRUITS : 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) long, flat pods.
● It grows as a vine or creeper, doing well in moist, neutral soil.
● In Southeast Asia, the flower is used as a natural food colouring to
colour glutinous rice.

Pods Flowers Leaves Stages of Flower