Voltage control of inverters
single-pulse-width modulation
       multiple-pulse-width modulation                    trapezoidal modulation
       sinusoidal pulse-width                             staircase modulation
       modulation                                         stepped modulation
       modified sinusoidal pulse-width                    harmonic injection modulation
       modulation                                         delta modulation
       phase-displacement control
Mahmood Sunny, Asst. Prof., DEEE, UU   DC-AC Converters                      April 9, 2020   2 / 22
 Pulse-width modulation
                              Figure: multiple-pulse-width modulation
Mahmood Sunny, Asst. Prof., DEEE, UU       DC-AC Converters             April 9, 2020   3 / 22
 Pulse-width modulation
 Multiple pulse-width modulation
        several pulses in each half cycle to reduce harmonic contents and to
        increase harmonic frequencies to reduce size and cost of filter
        reference signal frequency controls output frequency
        carrier signal frequency controls number of pulses per half cycle
        modulation index controls output voltage (M = Ar /Ac )
Mahmood Sunny, Asst. Prof., DEEE, UU   DC-AC Converters           April 9, 2020   4 / 22
 Pulse-width modulation
                             Figure: sinusoidal pulse-width modulation
Mahmood Sunny, Asst. Prof., DEEE, UU       DC-AC Converters              April 9, 2020   5 / 22
 Pulse-width modulation
                             Figure: sinusoidal pulse-width modulation
Mahmood Sunny, Asst. Prof., DEEE, UU       DC-AC Converters              April 9, 2020   6 / 22
 Pulse-width modulation
 Sinusoidal pulse-width modulation
        Width of each pulse is varied in proportion to the amplitude of a sine
        wave
        reference signal frequency controls output frequency
        peak amplitude of reference signal controls modulation index and
        output voltage
        output voltage vo = Vs (g1 − g4 )
        bidirectional or unidirectional carrier signal can be used
Mahmood Sunny, Asst. Prof., DEEE, UU   DC-AC Converters              April 9, 2020   7 / 22
 Disadvantages of pulse-width modulation
        switching devices are turned on and off at the load current with a
        high di/dt value
        switches are subjected to high voltage stress
        electromagnetic interference is produced due to high di/dt and dv/dt
Mahmood Sunny, Asst. Prof., DEEE, UU   DC-AC Converters          April 9, 2020   8 / 22