You do NOT have to do it, only if you want
Embedded derivatives                                 to (+meet the conditions).
An embedded derivative is simply a                   Let’s say you try to protect your company
component of a hybrid instrument that also           against foreign currency risk and you enter
includes a non-derivative host contract.             into foreign currency forward contract. Even
                                                     if you meet the conditions for the hedge
Accounting of embedded                               accounting, you can still measure the
derivatives depends on WHAT the host                 derivative at fair value through profit or loss
contract is:                                         and not apply hedge accounting – up to you.
       If host = financial asset within the scope   If you want to apply hedge accounting, 3
        of IFRS 9, then the whole hybrid             criteria must be met (IFRS 9, par. 6.4.1):
        contract shall be measured as one and
        not separated.                                  1. There are only eligible hedging
       If host = financial liability within the           instruments and eligible hedged
        scope of IFRS 9 OR a contract outside              items in the relationship;
        the scope of IFRS 9 (e.g. service               2. You have the hedge documentation at
        contract, lease contract…), then you               the inception of the hedge, in which you
        should separate when the conditions are            designate and describe your hedging,
        met.                                            3. Hedge effectiveness criteria are met.
Separation means that you account for                IFRS 9 sets the rules for 3 types of hedges:
embedded derivative separately in line with
IFRS 9 and the host contract in line with other         1. Cash flow hedge,
appropriate standard.                                   2. Fair value hedge, and
If an entity is not able to do this, then the           3. Hedge of the net investment in the
                                                           foreign operation.
whole contract must be accounted for as a
financial instrument at fair value through
profit or loss.
Hedge accounting
Hedge accounting is designating one or
more hedging instruments so that their
change in fair value is an offset to the
change in fair value or cash flows of a
hedged item.
If you’d like to see a simple illustration,
please watch the video below this article
(somewhere around the minute 17:43).
One very important remark:
Hedge accounting is NOT mandatory!