Language
What is the Universalist Theory of Language?
Language
Human cognition shapes Language and
Language is created from a set of universal
semantic distinctions and constructions shape
human language
Language
What is Weak Linguistic Determinism
(Language Relativity)?
Language
The idea that language and its structure limit
influences human knowledge or thought, as well
as thought processes such as categorization,
memory, and perception
Language
What is Strong Linguistic Determinism
(Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis)?
Language
The idea that language and its structure limit
completely determine human knowledge or
thought, as well as thought processes such as
categorization, memory, and perception
Language
What is Nativist (Biological) Theory of
Language?
Language
Humans have an innate capacity for Language
Language
What is Language Acquisition Device?
Language
A theoretical Pathway in the Brain that allows
infants to process and absorb Language
Language
What is the Critical Period?
Language
Lasts between 2 years of age to puberty, if no
language exposure occurs during this time, later
training is largely ineffective
Language
What is the Sensitive Period?
Language
Before the onset of puberty, when environmental
input has maximal effect on the development of
an ability
Language
What is Transformationalist Grammar?
Language
The used of defined operations called
Transformations to produce new sentences from
existing ones
Language
What is the Learning (Behaviorist) Theory of
Language?
Language
Language Acquisition occurs by Operant
Conditioning
Language
What is the Social Interactionist Theory of
Language?
Language
Language Acquisition is driven by the child’s
desire to communicate and behave in a social
manner, such as interaction with caretakes and
other children. This is the interplay between
biological and social processes
Language
What is a Lexicon?
Language
A set of vocabulary items
Language
What is Lexical Access?
Language
Identifying a word and connecting it to its
meaning
Language
What are the components of Language?
Language
Phonology, Morphology, Semantics, Syntax, and
Pragmatics
Language
What is Phonology?
Language
The actual sounds of Language
Language
What is Morphology?
Language
The structure of Words
Language
What are Phonemes?
Language
The speech sounds that make up Language
Language
What are Semantics?
Language
The association of meaning with a word
Language
What is Syntax?
Language
How words are out together to form sentences
Language
What are Pragmatics?
Language
The dependence of Language on context and
preexisting knowledge
Language
What is Prosody?
Language
The rhythm, cadence, and inflection of one’s
voice
Language
What are the Neurological Communication
and Motor Disorders?
Language
Aphasia, Agraphia, Alexia, and Dysarthria
Language
What is the function of Broca’s Area?
Language
Speak and Language expression in the Frontal
Lobe
Language
What is the function of Wernicke’s Area?
Language
Sound processing and understanding in the
Temporal Lobe
Language
What is Aphasia?
Language
An inability to comprehend and formulate
language because of damage to specific brain
regions
Language
What are the types of Aphasia?
Language
Broca’s Aphasia (Expressive or Nonfleunt
Aphasia), Wernicke’s Aphasia (Receptive or
Fluent Aphasia), Global Aphasia, and Anomic
Aphasia
Language
What is Broca’s Aphasia (Expressive or
Nonfluent Aphasia)?
Language
Characterized by partial loss of the ability to
produce language (spoke or written), although
comprehensions generally remains intact
Language
What is Wernicke’s Aphasia (Receptive or
Fluent Aphasia)?
Language
Characterized by the inability to understand
language in its written or spoken form, despite
being able to use grammar, syntax, rate, and
intonation
Language
What is Global Aphasia?
Language
Characterized by a severe form of nonfluent
aphasia that affects both Broca’s and Wernicke’s
Area
Language
What is Anomic Aphasia?
Language
Characterized by word retrieval failures and the
inability to express the words they want to say
Language
What is Agraphia?
Language
Characterized by the inability to communicate
through writing, either due to some form of
motor dysfunction or inability to spell
Language
What is Alexia?
Language
Characterized by trouble with reading despite
normal intelligence
Language
What is Dysarthria?
Language
Characterized by poor articulation of phonemes
Language
What connects Broca’s Area to Wernicke’s
Area?
Language
Arcuate Fasciculus
Language
What is Conduction Aphasia (Associative
Apahsia)
Language
Arcuate Fasciculus is impaired causing difficulty
repeating things, even though they understand
what is being said
Language
What is the function of Arcuate Fasciculus?
Language
Conduction between listening and speaking
Language
What can cause Anomic Aphasia?
Language
Severing the Corpus Callosum
Language
What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?
Language
Connects the right and left hemisphere
Language
What is Piaget’s Theory of Language and
Cognition?
Language
Thought influences language
Language
What is Vygotsky’s Theory or Lange and
Cognition?
Language
Language and thought are both independent, but
converge through development
