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Santos Lore Anne Mhae Case Study

This document provides information about nephrotic syndrome, which is defined as massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema resulting from increased glomerular permeability. The causes include idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in most children as well as rare congenital cases. Signs and symptoms include edema, albuminuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. Treatment involves medications like corticosteroids and immunosuppressives to manage symptoms. Nursing care focuses on monitoring fluid intake and output, administering medications, and monitoring for signs of infection.

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Lore Anne Mhae Santos
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66 views3 pages

Santos Lore Anne Mhae Case Study

This document provides information about nephrotic syndrome, which is defined as massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema resulting from increased glomerular permeability. The causes include idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in most children as well as rare congenital cases. Signs and symptoms include edema, albuminuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. Treatment involves medications like corticosteroids and immunosuppressives to manage symptoms. Nursing care focuses on monitoring fluid intake and output, administering medications, and monitoring for signs of infection.

Uploaded by

Lore Anne Mhae Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Asia Pacific College of Advanced Studies

College of Nursing
A.H. Banzon St. Ibayo, City of Balanga, Bataan

CASE STUDY
Definition ( Pls. provide a picture)

Nephrotic syndrome is the most common presentation of


glomerular injury in children. It is defined as massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema, but the disorder is
a clinical manifestation of a large number of distinct glomerular
disorders in which increased glomerular permeability to plasma
protein results in massive urinary protein loss.

Causes

Most children with this problem have idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Idiopathic means that it occurs with no known
cause.

In rare cases, a nephrotic syndrome may occur in the first week of life. This is called congenital nephrotic syndrome. It is
inherited by an autosomal recessive gene. This means that boys and girls are equally affected. A child inherits 1 copy of
the gene from each parent, who are carriers. Carrier parents have a 1 in 4 chance of having a child with this syndrome
with each pregnancy. The outcome for this type of nephrotic syndrome is very poor.
Many possible causes
Diabetic kidney disease, Minimal change disease, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Membranous nephropathy,
Systemic lupus erythematosus, Amyloidosis

Pathophysiology ( Diagram format)


Sign & Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of childhood nephrotic syndrome may include


 Edema—swelling, most often in the legs, feet, or ankles and less often in the hands or face
 Albuminuria—when a child’s urine has high levels of albumin
 Hypoalbuminemia—when a child’s blood has low levels of albumin
 Hyperlipidemia—when a child’s blood cholesterol and fat levels are higher than normal
In addition, some children with nephrotic syndrome may have
 Blood in their urine
 Symptoms of infection, such as fever, lethargy, irritability, or abdominal pain
 Loss of appetite
 Diarrhea
 High blood pressure
Laboratory/ Diagnostic Exams

 Urine tests.  A urinalysis can reveal abnormalities in your urine, such as large amounts of protein. You might be
asked to collect urine samples over 24 hours.
 Blood tests.  A blood test can show low levels of the protein albumin and often decreased levels of blood
protein overall.
 Kidney biopsy. During a kidney biopsy, a needle is inserted through your skin and into your kidney. Kidney
tissue is collected and sent to a lab for testing.
Medical (Pharmacologic) Management

Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the
condition is.                                                                                 

Medicines may be used to treat initial symptoms and relapses. These may include:
 Corticosteroids
 Immunosuppressives
 Diuretics to reduce the swelling
Surgical Management ( if applicable)

 The role of surgery in nephrotic syndrome is not directed for patients with primary causes, but only as
supportive or symptomatic care. Surgery has some role in nephrotic syndrome patients with secondary
etiology, which will be mentioned below separately.
Three Nursing Diagnoses

 Excess fluid volume


 Risk for infection
 Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
Nursing Management

 Strictly monitor and record of input and output


 Advised to limit fluid intake
 Administer medication as prescribed
 Encourage high  potassium, low-fat, low sodium diet with moderate amounts of protein.
 Monitor client’s weight daily (using the same scale with the child in the same clothing at the same time of the
day).
 Advise parents to immediately notify the physician of sign or symptom of infection.

Prepared by: Checked by:

Santos, Lore Anne Mhae Giovanni D. David, EdD, RN


Student Nurse Instructor

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