Water Resources and
Water Pollution
Florence Roy P. Salvaña, M.Sc.
Revised by: Genalyn P. Galas, M.Sc.
Department of Biological Sciences
College of Arts and Sciences
University of Southern Mindanao
Recall….
Water Utilization
Agriculture: Irrigation
Water Utilization
Industries
Water Utilization
Energy & Household
Water Utilization
Leisure
Water Utilization
Water Utilization
Aquaculture
• In other words almost all of us are dependent
on water and use it in different ways.
Biological Contamination
• Water is local and largely biological.
• Human wastes were dumped on the ground
or into the nearest streams.
• Water contamination is continually happening
in some parts of the world.
Sources of Water Pollution
• Domestic Source
• Industrial Source
• Agricultural Source
Ecological Cycle with Water
Inorganic Bacteria
Organic
Wastes
Wastes
Fertilizers; Pesticides; Herbicides
Algae &
Phytoplanktons
Chemical Contamination
• Some factories are built on river banks and
chemicals and other wastes from these factories
were dumped into these bodies of water.
• Chemical contaminations are caused by the use
of fertilizers and pesticides and oil spills in water
bodies.
– Hard water- water with minerals, salts and other
materials making it salty.
Freshwater Pollution
• Chemical contaminations are caused by the
use of fertilizers and pesticides and oil spills in
water bodies.
– Hard water- water with minerals, salts and other
materials making it salty.
Groundwater Pollution
• Toxic chemicals may penetrate to the deeper
part of the soil towards the water table.
• These chemicals came from various sources
including:
– Dumpsites
– Landfill sites
– Mining sites
– Gas Pipes
• Leachate- mixture of organic and inorganic
substances from dumpsites/ landfill sites.
Pollution in Estuaries
• Great amount of carbon stock is found in
estuaries.
• Economically important aquatic organisms are
cultures in this type of habitat
Marine Pollution
• Catch basin of all bodies of water.
• All materials carried by running water goes
into marine or seawater.
Overfishing
• Illegal methods of fishing causes harm on the
stability of ecological cycle water bodies.
Eutrophication
• Accumulation of organic materials in bodies of
water that enhances the growth of
autotrophic organisms such as algae and
phytoplanktons.
Waste Water Treatment
• Involves the use of treatment plants and
various methods that removes impurities and
dissolved contaminants.
• Methods include:
– Primary sewage system
– Secondary waste water treatment: Activated
Sludge Method
– Advanced treatment/ Tertiary Treatment
Primary Sewage System
Sedimentation Chlorine
Grit
Tank
Chamber
Activated Sludge Method
Aeration
Sewage in Tank
v
Air
Activated Sludge
Sludge Out for
Land Disposal
Tertiary Method
River, lake Al2(SO4)3
Or reservoir filter
Ca(OH)2
Clean
Well
Aeration Chlorine
Sand Filter
Setting Basin
Water Quality Act
• Water Management Section, EMB-DENR
• Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (RA 9275)
– Protect the country’s water bodies form pollution
– Highlights:
• How will water quality be managed?
• Who will manage these areas?
• Who are the members of the governing board?
• What are the functions of the governing board?
• How discharged of wastewater be controlled?
• How domestic wastewater be addressed?
• What are the prohibited acts under RA 9275?
– Discharging/ depositing water pollutant, ground
water pollutant
• Fines:
– The amount less than 10, 000 but not more than
200,000 for everyday violation- discharged of
untreated wastewater.
– The amount less than 50, 000 but not more than
100,000 for everyday violation- failure to
undertake clean-up operations
• Fines
– The amount of 500,000; imprisonment of not less
than 6years & 1 day but not more than 12 years
for everyday violation- failure of refusal to clean
up which results to injury or loss of life
– The amount of not less than 500,000 but not
more than 3,000,000- gross violation
Key Government Agencies
• Phil. Coast Guard
• DPWH
• DA
• DOH
• DOST
• DepEd, CHED, DILG, Phil. Information Agency
