NURSES & PRACTICE
JOHER B. MENDEZ, JR., R.N., M.D.
Nurse Instructor
Nursing Services
Nursing profession is considered
a caring profession
Nursing care is defined as the
care of the patient with regard to
nursing needs
with the ever increasing
dimension of medical sciences
quantitatively and qualitatively
nursing care is becoming more
and more complex with its
management services.
Total health
Includes all of the following aspects:
Physical Health
Social health. A sense of
responsibility for the health and
welfare of others.
Mental health. A mind that
grows, reasons, and adjusts to life
situations.
Emotional health. Feelings and
actions that bring one satisfaction.
Spiritual health. Inner peace and
security in one's spiritual faith.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Nursing Service
Nursing service is the part of the
total health organization which
aims at satisfying the nursing needs
of the patients/community.
The nurse works with the members
of allied disciples such as
dietetics, medical social
service, pharmacy etc. in supplying
a comprehensive program of
patient care in the hospital.
Nursing Services
WHO defines the nursing
services as the part of the
total health organization
which aims to satisfy major
objective of the nursing
services
to provide prevention of
disease and promotion
of health.
Health Service System
University/Regional
Tertiary Hospital
Provincial/General
Secondary Care
Hospital
Primary Care Health
Center, PCU, Com.
Self Hospital
Care, Self Primary Health Care Village, CPHC
Reliance
OBJECTIVE OF NURSING IN WARD
Maximum comfort and happiness by
way of pleasant surroundings.
Qualitative/comprehensive care to the
patient.
Care based on the patient’s needs.
Accurate assessment of illness.
Adequate material resources at all
times.
Health education to the patient and
attendants.
Managerial skills as and when
required.
Privacy at all levels.
Entire nursing process
ASSESSMENT- not only initial but
integral ongoing component of the
whole nursing process.
PLANNIG AND IMPLEMENTATION- in
this the nurse formulates and
implements the care.
EVALUATION- decides whether the
action taken has met the identified
needs or not. This is the final step of
care. Also, review of the whole care
plan. Without this no quality care or
comprehensive care is possible to
provide.
PLANNING NURSING SERVICES
Number and type of patient
Number of beds and type of ward
The services required.
Procedures/techniques necessary
for care.
Number and type of personal needed
to perform care effectively.
Physical facilities.
Provisional of equipment and
supplies.
Problems
Lack of adequate training
Problem of personnel
management
Inadequate number of nursing
staff
Lack of motivation
Poor role model
Non-nursing activities
No research scope
Professional risk/hazards
Scope of Nursing Practice
Nurses provide care for 3 types of clients:
• Individuals
• Families
• Communities
Areas of Nursing Practice
PROMOTING HEALTH & WELLNESS
Wellness is a state of well-being. It means
engaging in attitudes and behavior that
enhance the quality of life and maximize
personal potential.
Health promotion is a behavior motivated by
the desire to increase well-being and
actualize human health potential
Standards of Care
Standards of practice are
guidelines used to determine what
a nurse should or should not do.
Standards may be defined as “ a
benchmark of achievement which is
based on a desired level of
excellence”.
Standards of care (SOC’s) measure
the degree of excellence in nursing
care and describe a competent
level of nursing care.
The standards of practice shall:
1. Be considered as the
baseline for quality nursing
care
2. Be developed in relation to
the law governing nursing
practice
3. Apply to the registered
nurse practicing in any setting
4. Govern the practice of the
licensee at all levels of
practice
Nursing standards are important
1. Outline what the profession
expects of its members
2. Promote, guide, and direct
professional nursing practice
important for self-assessment
and evaluation of practicing nurses
3. Aid in developing a better
understanding and response for the
various and complementary roles
that nurses have
Nurses & Practice
The nurse carries personal
responsibility and
accountability for nursing
practice, and for maintaining
competence by continual
learning.
The nurse maintains a standard
of personal health such that the
ability to provide care is not
compromised.
Nurses & Practice
The nurse uses judgment regarding
individual competence when accepting
and delegating responsibility.
The nurse at all times maintains
standards of personal conduct which
reflect well on the profession and
enhance public confidence.
The nurse, in providing care, ensures
that use of technology & scientific
advances are compatible with the
safety, dignity and rights of people.
Nurses & the Profession
The nurse assumes the major
role in determining and
implementing acceptable
standards of clinical nursing
practice, management, resea
rch and education.
Levels of Care
Preventive
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Restorative
Long-term
Health Care Providers
Physicians
Nurses
Physician Assistants
Specialized Care
Providers
Technicians/Therapists
Other Providers
Health Care Settings
Acute Care Facilities
Short-Term
Specialized Care
Facilities
Long-Term Care
Facilities
Ambulatory Care
Sites
Rural Health Centers
In caring for patients, you must:
Code of respect the patient or client as
an individual
Conduct obtain consent before you give
any treatment or care
protect confidential information
Professional
co-operate with others in the
conduct: team
maintain your professional
standards knowledge and competence
for conduct, be trustworthy
performanc act to identify and minimise risk
to patients and clients.
e and ethics These are the shared values of all
the United Kingdom health
care regulatory bodies.
Nursing in the New
Millennium
What has changed?
who delivers
health care
what is
provided
when and where
Patients are
seen
Nursing and the Environment
Nursing
interventions are
directed toward
preventing and
minimizing the
effects of
environmental
health problems on
persons of all ages.
New Nursing Opportunities
Advanced
Practice
Nurses
Entrepreneurs
Data
Management
Research
Nursing Skills
Physical Assessment
· Safety and Infection Control
· Patient Care and Comfort
· Basic Care
· Medication Administration
· Nutrition and Elimination
· Oxygenation
· Circulatory
· Skin Integrity and Wound Care
· Immobilization and Support
· Special Procedures
DFS Approved Curriculum-Unit 10 27
Vital Signs
Reflect the function of three
body processes that are
essential for life.
Regulation of body
temperature
Heart function
Breathing
DFS Approved Curriculum-Unit 10 28
Vital Signs
Measurement (taken at rest)
Temperature - measures body
heat
Pulse - measures heart rate
Respiration - measures how often
resident inhales and exhales
Blood Pressure - measures
pressure against walls of arteries
DFS Approved Curriculum-Unit 10 29
Qualities that make a
person successful
desire, commitment, resp
onsibility, hard
work, power of
persistence, giving more
than you get, pride of
performance and be
willing to be a student.
Goal of Nursing
Nursing has long been described
as an art and a science.
As nursing evolved as a
profession, nursing leaders
attempted to define nursing.
Florence Nightingale wrote that
the goal of nursing was “ to put
the patient in the best condition
for nature to act upon him”.
Conclusion
Nurses represent the major
personnel expense in any hospital
and are the most directly
responsible for using supplies for
patients.
Nurses are in a position to maintain
quality in cost effective care. For
effective patient care and greater
satisfaction of patients, we should
be sensitive and responsive to the
needs of patients.
We must respect the patient rights.
Core Values of Nursing
We must preserve core
values of nursing –
compassion, care, cour
tesy, and empathy.
Core Values
We must also uphold basic
virtues - hard work,
generosity, kindness,
punctuality, tolerance,
perseverance, honesty,
truthfulness, modesty, and
politeness.
DFS Approved Curriculum-Unit 10 35
