AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE LEADESHIP ACADEMY

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC POLICY AND LEADERSHIP

GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY (PPL6432)

Title: Reflection assignment group 2 and 4 presentation

Summited to: Girma Shimels (Ph.D.)

Summited by: 1. Belete Aragaw

I. D No. ALA 0026/12

2.Gashaw Yemataw

I. D No. ALA 0013/12

November/2020

Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

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1. Reflection 2:Present the nexus among good governance,

democracy, decentralization and development----------------------------------------------------1.

1.1.The Relationship between Good Governance and Development--------------------------------1

1.2. The Relationship between Good Governance and Democracy----------------------------------1

1.3. The Relationship between Good Governance and Decentralization------------------------------1

2. Reflection 4: Challenges of good governance & Possible solutions ------------------------------1

1.1. Challenges of Good governance ------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.2. The possible solution of good governance--------------------------------------------------------------2

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1. Reflection 2: Present the nexus among good governance, democracy, decentralization
and development

1.1. The Relationship between Good Governance and Development

Governance and development are interrelated and interdependent. Overall, the development of a country is
depending on good governance. So, if there may be bad or bad governance, there will be unbalanced and poor
development. However, there is not specific definition about development; it is a process that creates growth,
improvement, positive change, or the addition of substantial, economic, environmental, social, and demographic
components. The rationale of development is an increase in the level and quality of life of the population, and
the creation or expansion of local regional income and employment opportunities, without damaging the
resources of the environment.

In general, speaking good governance has associated with improvement by using Provision of infrastructure,
institutional arrangement, hold efficient marketplace, political stability coverage linkage approach and result.

1.2. The Relationship between Good Governance and Democracy

Good governance and democracy have a positive relationship in many ways they are not equal to each other.
Democracy cannot encourage in the absence of good governance. The necessity for good governance assured
effective democratic institutions for the society. Improvement of the living well known of human beings can't
happen wherein human beings cannot take part in governance, human rights are not respected, facts does no
longer glide, and civil society and the judiciary are susceptible.

1.3. The Relationship between Good Governance and Decentralization

Decentralization means the transfer of electricity, responsibilities, capacities and resources from country wide to all sub-
national stages of presidency with the purpose of strengthening the ability of the latter to each foster human being’s
participation and transport of great offerings. A decentralization objective to sell good governance by way of allowing
citizen participation and democratic elections, without decentralization, excellent governance seems to be
unsuccessfully applied.

2. Reflection 4: Challenges of good governance & Possible solutions

2.1. Challenges of Good governance

Good governance is the critical necessities for any employer to attain its mission, vision, to be diagnosed by using its
customers and all stakeholders. However, it's far hard by various challenges in each advanced and developing countries
(It happens in neighborhood, country and critical gov’t).

Based on the World Bank's governance signs, the important thing reasons for Bad Governance are:

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Corruptions: Corruption is dishonest behavior by those in positions of power, such as business managers or government
officials. Corruption can include giving or accepting bribes or inappropriate gifts, double-dealing, under-the-table
transactions, manipulating elections, diverting funds, laundering money, and defrauding investors.

There are two fundamental styles of corruption. Such as:

1. Petty corruption: refers to normal abuse of entrusted strength through low and mid-level public officials in their
interactions with normal citizens, who regularly are trying to access primary goods or services in places like hospitals,
colleges, police departments and different companies.

2. State corruption: Political Corruption Law and Legal Definition. Political corruption can be of two bureaucracy. The
first one is which incorporates both accumulation and extraction and in which authorities officials use and abuse their
preserve on strength to extract from the non-public zone, from authorities revenues, and from the financial system at
huge. The following are the most common forms of corruption:

 Bribery is the act of giving money (or something else of price) to a person to get them to do something you need
them to do.
 Embezzlement is a specific type of fraud, additionally known as worker theft.
 Favoritism is unfair guide proven to at least one individual or institution.
 Nepotism is favoritism that is granted to family in numerous fields, such as commercial enterprise, politics,
amusement, sports activities, faith and different sports.

B. Weak Accountability: It refers the government body do no longer take movement based on regulations,
legal guidelines and machine of the business enterprise, the chief and the employees do now not recognize the
norm of the group. The result of the issue, which includes doubtful roles and obligations, constrained assets,
poor strategy,

C. Workplace deviance: It refers to unethical conduct that violates organizational norms regarding right and wrong. If
a control turned into ignorant of administrative center deviance; the company couldn't be held responsible for an
worker’s unethical acts. Experts estimate that workplace deviance on my own may cost employer as a good deal
as billions a year. There are four varieties of place of job deviance are manufacturing deviance, assets deviance,
political deviance and private aggression.

D. Political Instability: is the propensity of a government disintegrating either due to conflicts or rampant
competition among diverse political parties. Political instability may be described in as a minimum 3 methods.
A first approach is to define it because the propensity for regime or authorities trade.

A 2nd is to focus on the incidence of political disorder or violence in a society, together with assassinations,
demonstrations, and so on.

A 3rd approach specializes in instability in rules as opposed to instability in regimes.

2.2. The possible solution of good governance

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Good governance for sustainable human development is a multidimensional process concerning socioeconomic
and political revolution of societies; it is aimed at enhancing human progress in all its dimensions, including
freedom of political and economic choice.

1. Participation- All males and females should have a voice in selection-making, both without delay or thru
legitimate intermediate establishments that represent their interests.

2) Rule of Law- Legal frameworks should be fair and enforce without bias, particularly the laws on human
rights.

3) Responsiveness- Institutions and methods try and serve all stakeholders.

4) Transparency- Transparency is built on the free glide of data.

5) Effectiveness and efficiency- Processes and institutions produce results that meet wishes whilst making the
fine use of resources.

6) Accountability- Decision-makers in government, the personal zone and civil society organizations are
responsible to the general public, in addition to to institutional stakeholders.

7) Strategic vision - Leaders and the public have a large and long-term perspective on true governance and
human development, at the side of a experience of what is needed for such development.

8) Equity - All ladies and men have possibilities to enhance or preserve their well being.

9) Consensus orientation - Good governance mediates differing pursuits to attain a huge consensus on what is
within the excellent interest of the group and, where viable, on rules and tactics.